强化练(十一) 说明文
A
(2023·湖南邵阳一模)
Schoolchildren across the United Kingdom will learn how to prevent loneliness.In January,2018，British Prime Minister Theresa May appointed the first “minister of loneliness”．Her administration released an 84-page plan detailing the actions it would take to prevent loneliness.Starting in primary school，students will have lessons in “relationships education”．
The Brigham Young University psychologist Julianne Holt-Lunstad，one of the foremost scholars on loneliness in the United States，warns that the U．S.has a significant loneliness problem of its own and that schools desperately need to follow the U．K.’s lead and include preventive measures into their lessons.
Indeed，according to a recent report by the health care company Cigna，nearly half of adults in the U．S.reported feeling alone.Marriage rates and religious participation rates are also dropping and both are risk factors for social isolation and loneliness.The prevalence(普遍) of loneliness seems to be especially acute among young adults.One study found that Americans aged 21 to 30 reported feeling lonely twice as many days as adults aged 50 to 70.Studies suggest loneliness results in a variety of health issues，such as decreased immunity to viral infections，poor sleep，and cardiovascular(心血管的) issues.
The ideal school curriculum(课程) for teaching loneliness prevention would target social isolation as well as the cognitive processes that make people feel lonely.“Recognizing that it’s something that we need to take seriously for our health is a primary and critical step，” Holt-Lunstad says.She advocates for a sort of “social education” that would be put into existing health-education curriculum to teach students how to build and maintain friendships and relationships.
1．How does Holt-Lunstad find the loneliness problem in the United States
A．It is not serious and easy to deal with.
B．It is serious and needs measures to control.
C．It is not as serious as in the United Kingdom.
D．It is more serious than it is in the United Kingdom.
2．What does the underlined word “acute” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Popular. B．Average.
C．Severe. D．Frequent.
3．What result may loneliness cause
A．Poor sleep.
B．Higher religious participation rates.
C．Lower marriage rates.
D．Increased immunity to viral infections.
4．What is the best title for the text
A．Finding the Cause of Loneliness
B．Learning to Fight Loneliness at School
C．Loneliness—the Cause of Many Health Problems
D．Loneliness—a Serious Problem in Modern Society
B
(2023·山东烟台一模)
A good conversation should proceed like a tennis match：players each take turns responding，knowing instinctively(本能地) when to speak and when to listen.This kind of complicated and back-and-forth talk is often considered to be possessed only by humans.However，according to a recent study，animals also seem to know when to speak and when to listen.
The study involved over 300 animals including birds，mammals(哺乳动物)，insects，and frogs which practice turn-taking behavior.These animals alternate their call and response in a similar way humans communicate.Monkeys，for example，often exchange calls to locate each other in the wild and figure out whether they know one another.
While forms of communication are mostly sound-based，several species have more creative forms of viewable communication.Baby monkeys let their parents know they want to be carried with arm gestures，while birds，insects and frogs can get their messages across through colorful displays.
Kobin Kendrick，the main co-author on the study，says that making comparisons among animals that take turns when communicating can give us a better understanding of how this feature evolved in humans and our ancestors.“We know very little about the evolution and origin of the human language，so any possibility of gaining insight into it is worth going after，” he says.
Additionally，while the idea of turn-taking might bring to mind a picture of orderly，well-mannered animals，Kendrick stresses that this isn’t always the case.Owl(猫头鹰) chicks may try to outdo each other by making louder sounds in an effort to attract favor from their mothers during feeding.“This can be seen as an exception to the rule，highlighting the importance of turn-taking in general，” says Kendrick.
One problem with the study is that researchers themselves don’t know how to communicate with others outside their particular species of interest.Kendrick stresses another goal of the study is to create a wider framework that can bring together all the different researches on turn-taking，allowing scientists to conduct more cross-species comparisons.“We all believe strongly these fields can benefit from each other，and we hope the study will drive more crosstalk between humans and animals in the future，” says Kendrick.
5．What can we learn about the turn-taking behavior
A．It is a unique human quality.
B．It is an acquired athletic skill.
C．It occurs between familiar relations.
D．It features complexity and interaction.
6．Which of the following is a form of visual intercommunication
A．Frogs show skin colors.
B．Bees release smells.
C．Eagles scream in the sky.
D．Monkeys exchange calls.
7．Why are “owl chicks” mentioned in paragraph 5
A．To propose a definition.
B．To give a contrast.
C．To present an argument.
D．To make a prediction.
8．What aspect of research does the last paragraph highlight
A．Research budget.
B．Research range.
C．Research frequency.
D．Research background.
C
(2023·江苏南京二模)
Cars powered by batteries made from seawater and planes fueled by ammonia(氨) will become common over the next 10 years，Bill David，a professor of materials chemistry has predicted.
Most batteries for electric cars and smartphones are powered by lithium(锂)，which has to be mined，but David thinks that they will be overtaken by batteries made from sodium(钠)，which can be obtained from seawater and salt.The future of air travel could also be greener thanks to biofuels.
David said，“We are developing an ammonia-based plane.In principle，we can improve on an Airbus A320 or a Boeing 787 and essentially replace jet fuel with ammonia.”
David said that batteries could，at first，combine sodium and lithium，as sodium was not quite as powerful as lithium but is much more sufficient.“It’s not quite perfect in terms of performance，so we need both，” David said.“Sodium is on the way up and most electric cars have had a combination of lithium and sodium batteries in them.My estimate is that by 2040 I would not be surprised if there were ten times more sodium batteries than lithium ones，maybe even 100 times.”
The first generation of mass-produced sodium batteries has been used for an electric car for the first time.Sodium will not be the final answer to eco-friendly air travel，however，which is why David’s team is looking into the use of ammonia.Some companies are looking into whether jet fuel can be replaced with hydrogen，but David sees ammonia as more sustainable.He said，“If you do the sums，then at 500mph you get the same amount of power as jet fuel，but just 40 per cent of the range.However，even with the range hit，a 787 could still go from London to New York.”
However，a report from the Royal Society on net-zero aviation，which David co-wrote，says that replacing jet fuel with biofuel would require half of the agricultural land in the UK.
9．What is an advantage of sodium batteries
A．Their performance is easy to improve.
B．Their raw material is easily accessible.
C．They are widely applied to various vehicles.
D．They are more powerful than other batteries.
10．According to David，which is ideal for future electric cars
A．Lithium battery. B．Sodium battery.
C．Hydrogen fuel. D．Ammonia fuel.
11．What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A．Hydrogen casts a light on jet fuel market.
B．Electric car makers favor sodium batteries.
C．Ammonia features sustainability and practicability.
D．Companies have mass-produced recycled batteries.
12．What’s David’s attitude to replacing jet fuel with biofuel
A．Tolerant. B．Unclear.
C．Cautious. D．Doubtful.
强化练(十一)
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了英国将在学校开设相关课程教学生们如何防止孤独。
1．B [细节理解题。由第二段“The Brigham Young University psychologist Julianne Holt-Lunstad...warns that the U．S.has a significant loneliness problem of its own and that schools desperately need to follow the U．K.’s lead and include preventive measures into their lessons.”可知，Holt-Lunstad认为在美国，人们的孤独问题也很严重，并且需要采取措施来应对。故选B。]
2．C [词义猜测题。由画线词下文“One study found that Americans aged 21 to 30 reported feeling lonely twice as many days as adults aged 50 to 70.”可知，孤独在年轻人中更普遍，更严重。由此推知，画线词意为“严重的”。故选C。]
3．A [细节理解题。由第三段中“Studies suggest loneliness results in a variety of health issues，such as decreased immunity to viral infections，poor sleep，and cardiovascular(心血管的) issues.”可知，孤独会导致睡眠不好。故选A。]
4．B [标题归纳题。通读文章尤其第一段内容可知，本文主要介绍孤独成了一个严重的问题，英国将在学校开设相关课程教学生们如何防止孤独。故选B。]
语篇解读 本文是说明文。一项新的研究发现，动物似乎也能像人一样知道在交谈中什么时候该说话，什么时候该聆听。
5．D [细节理解题。根据第一段中“...This kind of complicated and back-and-forth talk is often considered to be possessed only by humans.”可知，轮流行为具有复杂性和交互性。故选D。]
6．A [细节理解题。根据第三段首句“While forms of communication are mostly sound-based，several species have more creative forms of viewable communication.”及后文的举例可知，青蛙显出的皮肤颜色属于视觉交流的一种形式。故选A。]
7．B [推理判断题。根据第五段首句“Additionally，while the idea of turn-taking might bring to mind a picture of orderly，well-mannered animals，Kendrick stresses that this isn’t always the case.”可知，第五段提到猫头鹰雏鸟是为了和有序、彬彬有礼的动物画面做对比。故选B。]
8．B [推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Kendrick stresses another goal of the study is to create a wider framework that can bring together all the different researches on turn-taking，allowing scientists to conduct more cross-species comparisons.”可知，最后一段强调了研究的另一目标——扩大研究范围。故选B。]
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了英国材料化学教授比尔·戴维对未来的预测，他认为未来10年内，使用从海水和盐中提取的钠制造的电池以及使用氨作为燃料的飞机将会普及。
9．B [细节理解题。根据第二段中“Most batteries for electric cars and smartphones are powered by lithium(锂)，which has to be mined，but David thinks that they will be overtaken by batteries made from sodium(钠)，which can be obtained from seawater and salt.”可知，钠电池的优点在于原材料比锂更容易获得，故选B。]
10．B [细节理解题。根据第四段中“My estimate is that by 2040 I would not be surprised if there were ten times more sodium batteries than lithium ones，maybe even 100 times.”可知，未来电动汽车中钠电池的应用会更广泛，故选B。]
11．C [段落大意题。根据第五段中“Sodium will not be the final answer to eco-friendly air travel，however，which is why David’s team is looking into the use of ammonia.Some companies are looking into whether jet fuel can be replaced with hydrogen，but David sees ammonia as more sustainable.”可知，本段主要在讲氨具有可持续性和实用性的特点。故选C。]
12．C [观点态度题。根据最后一段“However，a report from the Royal Society on net-zero aviation，which David co-wrote，says that replacing jet fuel with biofuel would require half of the agricultural land in the UK.”可知，他认为用生物燃料代替喷气燃料将需要英国一半的农业用地，故可推知，他对这一做法的态度是谨慎的，故选C。]强化练(十三) 新闻报道
A
(2023·河南郑州三模)
According to statistics,358 bee species live in the Netherlands，but more than half of them are part of the Dutch red list—a catalogue listing endangered species.To support the insects，the city of Utrecht Council，together with advertising agency Clear Channel，has transformed 316 bus stops across the city into “bee bus stops”．They are like ordinary bus shelters，but small gardens have been added to the roofs.The gardens are filled with grass and wildflowers chosen to attract bees.
The city authorities put the project out to tender(投标)．In the tender，they outlined the requirements and encouraged applicants to develop a nature-inclusive design that offers ecological benefits to the city.Finally，they signed an agreement with Clear Channel，who won the tender and set up 316 bus shelters.The project didn’t cost the city government anything.The operators are responsible for the upkeep of the stops citywide，using income from advertising.
The bus shelters have brought about great changes in the city.Green roofs catch fine dust，store rainwater and provide cooling in the heat.They also ensure biodiversity in the city.There are also 96 bus stops fitted out with LED lighting and bamboo benches.The base plate is also made from recycled concrete.The advantages of the bus stops have not gone unnoticed by the media.But what particularly has caught the media’s attention is that these eco-friendly shelters make people happy and enthusiastic，and encourage them to do something for nature.
This unique Dutch city even has a program for residents who can transform their own roofs into green roofs for bees.Residents interested in this can apply for government allowances.Click here for more information and details.
1．Why did the Utrecht Council add green roofs to its bus shelters
A．To beautify the urban space.
B．To promote public transport.
C．To offer comfort to travellers.
D．To stop the bee population decline.
2．What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．How the costs were shared.
B．How the project was operated.
C．What was included in the tender.
D．Why the agreement was reached.
3．What impresses the media most about the bus shelters
A．The variety of the chosen plants.
B．Their role in reducing air pollution.
C．The use of energy-saving LED lights.
D．Their effect on people’s environmental awareness.
4．Who is the text mainly intended for
A．Local tourists. B．News reporters.
C．Utrecht citizens. D．Project managers.
B
(2023·湘豫名校联考)
A beloved pet that went missing in the Highlands area of Vancouver Island was found seven days later by an army of volunteers and was reunited with her owner.
The mastiff-retriever cross(马士提夫獒犬)，named Luna，was found trapped on a narrow cliff ledge(岩架)，and was reunited with her owner after a heroic rescue last month.It’s believed that Luna had chased an animal out of her yard and got lost，somehow falling off a cliff and landing on a two-foot-wide ledge.She remained there alone，as her owner and searchers wildly looked for her.
“It was terrible because it was getting colder and she always sleeps next to me or my daughter，” said Saryta Schaefer，Luna’s owner.
After she’d been missing for several days，there was a break in the case.Across the water，Ron Cheeke had heard Luna’s cries for help.Cheeke decided to record the sound and notify the pet rescue group ROAM.He even went so far as to search the area in a boat to try to locate the exact source of the sound.“I used a pot，and every time I banged on the pot，the dog barked back，” Cheeke told CTV News.
Eventually，after searching on both water and land，a team found the scared dog and used a harness(保护带) to pull her back to safety and to her owner.“I almost fell over when I saw her—it was quite exciting，” said Schaefer.
Cheeke said his own dog had died recently and he was motivated to help.“I lost my dog last year，so it was good，” said Cheeke.“It’s good to see it back with its owners.”
“There’s no feeling like it.When you’re involved with this and you get the owner back with the pet，it’s worth all the money in the world，” added ROAM volunteer Andy Carswell.
5．Which of the following happened to Luna first
A．Luna was found stuck on a narrow spot.
B．Luna fell off a cliff and remained there.
C．Luna’s owner tried to find her back.
D．Luna ran after an animal and went missing.
6．Why did Cheeke keep knocking on the pot
A．To be sure where the cry came from.
B．To draw attention to the passers-by.
C．To encourage Luna to cry for help.
D．To remind volunteers of the cries.
7．What can we infer from Cheeke’s words in paragraph 6
A．He was determined.
B．He was adaptable.
C．He was sympathetic.
D．He was cooperative.
8．Which is the most suitable title for the text
A．Volunteers Praised for Saving a Dog
B．A Missing Dog Reunited with Its Owner
C．A Dog Cried Tears of Joy When Found
D．A Seven-day Rescue Ended in Peace
C
Swot satellite is scheduled to be launched Thursday morning to conduct a comprehensive survey of Earth’s vital resource.By using advanced microwave radar technology，it will collect height-surface measurements of oceans，lakes and rivers in high-definition detail over 90% of the globe.It’s really the first time to observe nearly all water on the planet’s surface.
The major mission is to explore how oceans adjust climate change by absorbing atmospheric heat and carbon dioxide in a natural process.Oceans are estimated to have absorbed more than 90% of the extra heat trapped in the Earth’s atmosphere by human-caused greenhouse gases.Swot will scan the seas and precisely measure fine differences in surface elevations(高度) around smaller currents and eddies(涡流)，where much of the oceans’ decrease of heat and carbon is believed to occur.“Studying the mechanism will help climate scientists answer a key question：What is the turning point at which oceans start releasing，rather than absorbing，huge amounts of heat back into the atmosphere and speed up global warming，rather than limiting it，” said Nadya Shiffer，Swot’s program scientist.
By comparison，earlier studies of water bodies relied on data of rivers or oceans taken at specific points，or from satellites that can only track measurements along a one-dimensional line，requiring scientists to fill in data gaps through extrapolation(外推法)．Thanks to the radar instrument，Swot can scan through cloud cover and darkness over wide ranges of the Earth.This enables scientists to accurately map their observations in two dimensions regardless of weather or time of day and to cover large geographic areas far more quickly than was previously possible.
“Rather than giving us a line of elevations，it’s giving us a map of elevations，and that’s just a total game changer，” said Tamlin Pavelsky，Swot freshwater science leader.
9．What does the underlined expression “vital resource” in the first paragraph refer to
A．Technology. B．Climate.
C．Oceans. D．Water.
10．What is the major mission of Swot satellite
A．To identify when global warming is worsened.
B．To explore where oceans absorb heat and CO2.
C．To study how oceans influence climate change.
D．To explain why greenhouse gas comes into being.
11．What makes it possible for Swot to measure precisely
A．The high-definition computer.
B．Advanced radar technology.
C．The three-dimensional image.
D．An accurate map of elevations.
12．Which is the text mainly about
A．A solution to climate change.
B．A breakthrough in space travel.
C．The successful launch of Swot satellite.
D．The first global water survey from space.
强化练(十三)
语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了荷兰的Utrecht市议会与广告公司Clear Channel合作，将全市316个公交车站改造成了“蜜蜂公交车站”，以帮助保护蜜蜂。
1．D [细节理解题。根据第一段中“To support the insects，the city of Utrecht Council，together with advertising agency Clear Channel，has transformed 316 bus stops across the city into ‘bee bus stops’．..been added to the roofs.”可知，Utrecht市议会在公交候车亭增加绿色屋顶是为了吸引蜜蜂，也就是说为了防止蜜蜂数量的减少。故选D。]
2．B [段落大意题。根据第二段“The city authorities put the project out to tender(投标)．..Finally，they signed an agreement with Clear Channel...The project didn’t cost...The operators are responsible...using income from advertising.”可知，第二段主要讲述了该工程是如何运作的。故选B。]
3．D [细节理解题。根据第三段末句“But what particularly has caught the media’s attention is that these eco-friendly shelters make people happy and enthusiastic，and encourage them to do something for nature.”可知，改造公交候车亭来保护蜜蜂，这对人们的环保意识是一种激发，而这也使得媒体印象最深。故选D。]
4．C [读者对象题。综合分析文章可知，文章主要介绍了Utrecht市议会与广告公司Clear Channel合作，将全市316个公交车站改造成了“蜜蜂公交车站”的事情，并且在最后一段对所有市民发出倡议，倡议他们一起保护蜜蜂。由此推知，这篇文章是写给该市市民的。故选C。]
语篇解读 这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了一只名叫Luna的獒犬意外走失七天，被众人发现并合力解救出来使之与主人团圆的故事。
5．D [细节理解题。根据第二段中“It’s believed that Luna had chased an animal out of her yard and got lost”可知，Luna追赶一只动物，然后失踪了。故选D。]
6．A [细节理解题。根据第四段中“He even went so far as to search the area in a boat to try to locate the exact source of the sound.‘I used a pot，and every time I banged on the pot，the dog barked back，’．..”可知，Cheeke听见狗叫声，然后拍打锅弄出声音，吸引狗叫回应，以便判断狗叫声来源进而确定其位置。故选A。]
7．C [推理判断题。根据第六段中“Cheeke said his own dog had died recently and he was motivated to help.”可知，Cheeke的狗最近离世，所以他感同身受，愿意去帮助狗的主人。因此我们可以判断Cheeke是有同情心的人。故选C。]
8．B [标题归纳题。综合全文内容可知，本文讲述一只名叫Luna的獒犬意外走失，七天后被众人发现并合力解救出来，使之与主人团圆的故事。B项能概括文章大意，适合作本文的标题。故选B。]
语篇解读 这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了计划于周四上午发射的Swot卫星，通过使用先进的微波雷达技术，将收集全球90%以上的海洋、湖泊和河流的高清晰度表面测量数据。
9．D [词义猜测题。根据画线短语下文“It’s really the first time to observe nearly all water on the planet’s surface.”可知，画线短语“vital resource”指的是下文提到的“water”。故选D。]
10．C [细节理解题。根据第二段首句“The major mission is to explore how oceans adjust climate change by absorbing atmospheric heat and carbon dioxide in a natural process.”可知，Swot卫星的主要任务是探索海洋如何通过自然过程吸收大气热量和二氧化碳来调节气候变化，即研究海洋如何影响气候变化。故选C。]
11．B [细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thanks to the radar instrument...This enables scientists to accurately map their observations...”可知，先进的雷达技术使得Swot能够精确测量。故选B。]
12．D [主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了计划于周四上午发射的Swot卫星，通过使用先进的微波雷达技术，它将收集全球90%以上的海洋、湖泊和河流的高清晰度表面测量数据。这是第一次观察到地球表面几乎所有的水。D项能概括文章大意。故选D。]强化练(十二) 议论文
A
(2023·浙江温州第二次适应性考试)
Today，poetry and science are often considered to be mutually exclusive(互相排斥的) career paths.But that wasn’t always the case.The mathematician Ada Lovelace and the physicist James Clerk Maxwell were both accomplished poets.The poet John Keats was a licensed surgeon.Combining the two practices fell out of favor in the 1800s.But translating research into lyrics，haiku，and other poetic forms is resurging(再现) among scientists as they look for alternative ways to inspire others with their findings.
“Poetry is a great tool for questioning the world，” says Sam Illingworth，a poet and geoscientist who works at the University of Western Australia.Through workshops and a new science-poetry journal，called Consilience，Illingworth is helping scientists to translate their latest results into poems that can attract appreciation from those outside of their immediate scientific field.
Stephany Mazon，a scientist from the University of Helsinki in Finland，joined one of Illingworth’s workshops.In the workshop，she was grouped with other scientists and tasked with writing a haiku，a 17-syllable-long poem，which spotlighted water，a fluid that featured in all of the group members’ research projects.“It was a lot of fun，and surprisingly easy to write the poem，” Mazon says.She plans to continue writing.“We do a disservice(伤害) to ourselves to think that scientists can’t be artistic and that art can’t be used to communicate scientific ideas，” Mazon says.
That viewpoint is echoed by Illingworth，who thinks science communication initiatives are too often dominated by public lectures with their hands-off PowerPoint slides.“Actually，when science communication involves writing and sharing poems，it invites a two-way dialogue between experts and nonexperts，” he says.Scientist-poet Manjula Silva，an educator at Imperial College London，agrees.Poetry provides a way to translate complex scientific concepts into a language that everyone can understand，Silva says.
Scientists and poets are both trying to understand the world and communicate that understanding with others.The distinction between scientists and poets is less than people might think.We’re all just people with hopefully really interesting things to say and to share.
1．What is the purpose of mentioning the celebrities in paragraph 1
A．To display they were talented.
B．To confirm they were out of favor.
C．To encourage different career paths.
D．To show poetry and science can be combined.
2．What are Illingworth’s workshops aimed to do
A．Promote a new science-poetry journal.
B．Inspire outsiders to pursue their careers in science.
C．Encourage science communication through poems.
D．Get scientists to exchange ideas about the latest research.
3．What does Illingworth think of the dominant ways of science communication
A．Conventional. B．Effective.
C．Innovative. D．Complex.
4．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Scientists Take on Poetry
B．Scientists and Poets Think Alike
C．Poetry：A Great Tool to Question the World
D．Science Communication：A Two-way Dialogue
B
(2023·山东济宁二模)
People generally feel secure with certainty.To be certain is to have power and control.Certainty is often used as a metric(衡量标准) of value，shaping how people view themselves and others.For example，people tend to respect those who present themselves as certain while viewing those expressing uncertainty as wishy-washy and untrustworthy.Young people growing up in a culture that identifies strongly with certainty are told that to be certain is to be secure，right，and good.It is the idea，more than uncertainty itself，that causes great anxiety.
But the reality is that certainty is transient(转瞬即逝的)；it is more a feeling than a fact.Too often people act as if certainties are drawn in permanent marker：Thick，clear，definitive，and rigid.But they are not.They are actually drawn with pencil—ready for revision，editing，and change.
Springtide’s recent report，The State of Religion and Young People：Navigating Uncertainty，allows us to hear how young people are questioning certainty and increasingly rejecting the rules that isolate them from themselves and one another.Milly，a 25-year-old girl quoted in Springtide’s report，described her experience in a group discussion where uncertainty was welcomed rather than criticized：
“Like，struggling to know what or what not to believe...That’s something we talked about in the group.It actually makes me feel a little bit better.It’s like，oh，like we can have doubts.We can struggle with these feelings and they’re still，we’re still accepted，you know？So that was actually kind of refreshing”．(Springtide,2021，p.46)．
Young people are not rejecting certainty，but they are not accepting prepackaged answers or one-dimensional solutions.They are reexamining pre-drawn labels，beliefs，and identities and daring to ask “Why？” Their courage to question is an invitation to all of us to reconsider and rediscover uncertainty.We can listen to and learn from young people，embracing(拥抱) this opportunity as a moment of critical self-reflection and growth.If we will accept uncertainties，we might discover the ways that multiple beliefs，practices，values，identities，and communities can coexist and develop together.
5．What is the purpose of paragraph 1
A．To explain a concept.
B．To advocate a culture.
C．To introduce a different opinion.
D．To confirm an assumption.
6．What does the underlined word “they” refer to in paragraph 2
A．Certainties. B．Realities.
C．Markers. D．Pencils.
7．What was Milly’s attitude towards the group discussion
A．Intolerant. B．Doubtful.
C．Unconcerned. D．Positive.
8．Which of the following might the author agree with
A．Young people tend to reject certainty.
B．Young people prefer prepackaged answers.
C．People should learn to embrace uncertainty.
D．People generally regard uncertainty as an opportunity.
C
There’s no doubt that positive thinking impacts one’s life.However，in recent years，I’ve come to understand that perhaps positive thinking can result in toxic(有毒的) positivity，which has negative consequences.What we should be aiming for instead is emotional validation(验证)．
Toxic positivity is the maintenance of positive thinking even in situations where it isn’t appropriate.“It often comes at the risk of denying our own real feelings or the feelings of others，” says Nina Vasan，MD.While positive thinking in general is a great thing，toxic positivity isn’t.It’s the act of denying anything negative that’s actually happening，and it can involve making people feel bad for having normal human emotions.Someone practicing toxic positivity might say things like “everything happens for a reason” or “just look on the bright side” when a friend shares something difficult in his/her life.
Vasan tells us that with toxic positivity，emotions like sorrow and anger are pushed aside.However，emotional validation allows you to have your feelings.To be exact，emotional validation is about allowing people to experience their feelings and acknowledging that having negative feelings is real and often important.That doesn’t mean it promotes and encourages negative thinking endlessly，though.
Toxic positivity encourages us to focus only on the positive，which can stop us from dealing with the feelings we need to work through.Practicing emotional validation is a healthier option for you and the ones you love.“This can be as simple as saying ‘I understand you’re really sad’，” explains Vasan.Offering your understanding shows our loved ones that we care about their feelings.Besides，instead of telling someone to look on the bright side，you should offer words and thoughts of support instead.
Toxic positivity has become prevalent(盛行的)，and you probably know a lot of people who dismiss your negative experiences with statements like “You’re too sensitive”．Now you can say：Whatever you’re feeling is temporary and allowing yourself to feel it will help you get through it.
9．What can we know about emotional validation
A．It permits emotional ups and downs.
B．It denies people’s negative feelings.
C．It helps maintain positive in hard times.
D．It avoids risks in terrible situations.
10．What may the author recommend you to say to a sad person
A．Perhaps something fortunate is still waiting for you.
B．I’m sure there’s a good reason for what has happened.
C．I understand your sadness but being sensitive is no good.
D．You have every right to feel upset and I am here for you.
11．What is the main idea of the text
A．Promoting positivity is worthwhile.
B．Admitting negativity is reasonable.
C．Sticking to positivity is significant.
D．Expressing negativity is inappropriate.
12．In which section of a newspaper can we most probably read the text
A．Psychology. B．Economy.
C．Society. D．Health.
强化练(十二)
语篇解读 这是一篇议论文，主要讨论了诗歌和科学并不总是被认为是互相排斥的。科学家们可以通过诗歌的形式促进科学交流。
1．D [推理判断题。根据第一段中“Today，poetry and science are often considered to be mutually exclusive(互相排斥的) career paths.But that wasn’t always the case.”可推知，后文提到的历史名人的目的是表明诗歌和科学是可以相结合的，故选D。]
2．C [细节理解题。根据第二段中“Through workshops and a new science-poetry journal，called Consilience，Illingworth is helping scientists to translate their latest results into poems that can attract appreciation from those outside of their immediate scientific field.”可知，伊林沃思的研讨会旨在鼓励通过诗歌进行科学交流。故选C。]
3．A [观点态度题。根据第四段首句“That viewpoint is echoed by Illingworth，who thinks science communication initiatives are too often dominated by public lectures with their hands-off PowerPoint slides.”可知，伊林沃思认为，科学交流倡议往往被公开讲座的幻灯片所主导，这是一种老套的方式。故选A。]
4．A [标题归纳题。综合分析文章可知，文章首先引用数学家 Ada Lovelace 和物理学家James Clerk Maxwell 都是杰出诗人的例子，说明诗歌和科学在过去并不是相互排斥的领域。随后提到现在，随着科学家们在寻找更多向外部人员灌输科研成果的方法，将研究成果转化为诗歌、俳句等文学形式的做法再次流行起来。综上，文章主要强调科学家开始研究诗歌。故选A。]
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了人们通常对确定性感到安全，但作者认为确定性是短暂的、易变的。我们更应该学习年轻人，欣然接受不确定性，把它作为自我反省和成长的机会。
5．C [写作意图题。根据第一段首句及第二段中“But the reality is that certainty is transient”可知，作者认为确定性是短暂的、易变的，这与人们通常认为的观点不同。故可推断第一段的目的是“引出一个不同的观点”。故选C。]
6．A [代词指代题。根据画线词前后的“Too often people act as if certainties are drawn in permanent marker：Thick，clear，definitive，and rigid.But they are not.”可知，画线词they应该代指前文的“certainties”。故选A。]
7．D [观点态度题。根据第三段中“Milly，a 25-year-old girl quoted in Springtide’s report，described her experience in a group discussion where uncertainty was welcomed rather than criticized”以及第四段中“So that was actually kind of refreshing”可推知，Milly对小组讨论持积极肯定的态度。故选D。]
8．C [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“We can listen to and learn from young people，embracing(拥抱) this opportunity as a moment of critical self-reflection and growth.”可知，作者认为我们可以倾听年轻人的声音，向他们学习，欣然接受不确定性，把它作为自我反省和成长的关键时刻。故选C。]
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。作者认为积极的思维方式有可能会带来有害的积极，引发负面的结果。建议我们去追求情感验证，正视自己的、他人的负面情感。
9．A [细节理解题。根据第三段中“However，emotional validation allows you to have your feelings.To be exact，emotional validation is about allowing people to experience their feelings and acknowledging that having negative feelings is real and often important.”可知，情感验证不否定人的负面感受，承认其真实存在和重要性，也就是认可情感的起伏变动。故选A。]
10．D [推理判断题。根据第四段末句“Besides，instead of telling someone to look on the bright side，you should offer words and thoughts of support instead.”可知，对于有负面感受的人，我们应该表明我们对他的支持。由此推断，对于一个伤心的人，作者可能会建议我们说：你有权感到难过，而我会支持你。故选D。]
11．B [主旨大意题。根据第一段末句“What we should be aiming for instead is emotional validation(验证)．”以及全文内容可知，作者认为积极的思维方式有可能会带来有害的积极，引发负面的结果，建议我们去追求情感认可，正视自己的、他人的负面情感。因此，B项“承认负面情感是合理的”符合文章大意。故选B。]
12．A [文章出处题。文章论证了积极的思维方式有可能会带来有害的积极，引发负面的结果。建议我们去追求情感验证，正视自己的、他人的负面情感，应属于心理范畴。故选A。]
