强化练(六) 主旨大意题(1)
A
(2023·山东济南一模)
On Mondays，two of my children get ready for school in an unusual way.Each packs plenty of food and water，a pair of rubber boots and sometimes a cup of hot chocolate.Then，I drop them off at a nearby park where they spend the entire day outside at a certified forest school.
When I first signed them up for forest school program，I loved the idea，but as a mum，I was concerned about a few things：Would they be comfortable outside for that long？Would they stay engaged for that many hours？Then I asked them if time ever seemed to move slowly，they stared at me in confusion.They didn’t understand my question，which fittingly removed it.
In this program，kids direct their own play，climbing tall trees or testing ice on the frozen lake.They are never told their play is too high or too sharp，but are rather trusted to self-adjust.Something else my sons appreciate about forest school is not being told to move on to the next activity，but being left to stay in a particular spot for as long as their curiosity allows.
“What about all the things they’re missing in real school？” concerned parents have asked me.Neither of their classroom teachers thinks it’s a problem but most significantly，my kids are learning new and different skills that a classroom cannot teach.They are learning to sit silently and observe nature up close—a skill that’s virtually impossible to develop in a noisy and overcrowded classroom setting.They are making social connections across a broader range of age groups.They cooperate together，using their different sizes and strengths to fulfill various roles within their games.
I appreciate it that forest school is shaping my boys’ relationship with the outdoors.They’re learning how to spend extended periods of time in nature，what to do to pass the time，and developing knowledge that will get them much closer to nature in the coming decades.
1．What is special about the forest school program
A．Teachers engage in kids’ play.
B．Kids play and learn outdoors.
C．It focuses on nature protection.
D．It offers various food and drinks.
2．How did the author feel about kids’ reaction to her questions
A．Awkward. B．Concerned.
C．Relieved. D．Proud.
3．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about
A．The concerns caused by the program.
B．The benefits gained from role plays.
C．The skills acquired by children.
D．The games loved by teachers.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Nature：a Wonderland for the Young
B．Forest School Program Proves a Hit
C．Parks Are Replacing Traditional Schools
D．Forest School：a Fine Place for My Kids
B
(2023·湖南新高考教学教研联盟联考)
For 20 years，two brothers living in the dirty neighborhood of Wazirabad in India’s capital，Delhi，have been treating wounded black kites(鸢) that fall from the city’s skies.
Mohammad Saud and Nadeem Shehzad rescue birds of prey—mostly injured by paper kite strings—and carry them to a basement garage at home.Here，they begin nursing them to health：cleaning and bandaging wounds，fixing wings and broken bones.
Small miracles happen in the basement.Here lives are saved，a living is made and there’s some happiness too.“You don’t care for things because they share the same country，religion or politics，” say the brothers.“Life itself is relationship.That’s why we can’t abandon the birds.”
The brothers talk about how a neighborhood bird hospital refused to treat the first kite they rescued because it was a “non-vegetarian bird”．At that time，they were teenage bodybuilders and that’s how they “came to know about flesh and muscles”．They figured out ways to bandage the kites.They became passionate about birds.“We’d lie on the ground，watching the elegant flights in the sky，” they say.“The head would spin.Have you ever felt dizzy looking into the sky？”
The street outside the brothers’ home becomes a smelly pool of sewage water which comes into the basement during the rainy season.Pigs wander in a muddy channel.Air quality reaches dangerous peaks.Yet there’s life and hope.Monkeys climb playfully over some electric wires that hang unsteadily over narrow streets.An airplane in the sky is reflected in a pool of quiet water.
When the weather clears，skies are filled with paper kites.And then the birds begin dropping，and the brothers are back at their job.Sometimes the birds fall after bumping against buildings in the smog or getting entangled(缠住) in overhead wires.At one point，there were more than 100 wounded birds in the basement.The brothers once swam across the river to rescue a bird with a broken wing.
5．Why do the brothers treat wounded kites
A．They do it for political reasons.
B．They like to see miracles happen.
C．They are deeply religious people.
D．They view kites as family members.
6．Why did the hospital refuse to treat the wounded kite
A．Kites are not protected birds.
B．Kites keep their heads spinning.
C．Kites threaten other creatures.
D．Kites are harmful to the environment.
7．How does the author develop the fifth paragraph
A．By listing some data.
B．By making an analysis.
C．By telling a sad story.
D．By making comparisons.
8．What might be the most suitable title for the text
A．Indian Kites Are in Danger of Extinction
B．Paper Kites Are Posing a Threat to Indian Birds
C．Two Brothers Are Saving Birds Dropping from the Sky
D．Huge Numbers of Kites Are Flying over the City of Delhi
C
(2023·福建莆田质检)
From the moment we are born，we interact with the world through movement.We move our lips to smile or to talk.We extend our hand to touch.How does our brain remember this wide range of motions？How does it learn new ones？How does it make the calculations necessary for us to grab a glass of water，without dropping it，squashing it，or missing it
Technion Professor Jackie Schiller from the Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and her team examined the brain at a single-neuron(单神经元) level to shed light on this mystery.They found that calculation happens not just in the interaction between neurons，but within each individual neuron.It turns out that each of these cells is not a simple switch，but a complicated calculating machine.
This discovery，published recently in the Science，promises changes not only to our understanding of how the brain works，but better understanding of conditions ranging from Parkinson’s disease to autism.And if that isn’t enough，these same findings are expected to advance machine learning，providing inspiration for new architectures.
“We used to think of each neuron as a sort of whistle，which either rings，or doesn’t，” Prof.Schiller explains.“Instead，we are looking at a piano.Its keys can be struck at the same time，or in order，producing an infinity(无限) of different tunes.” This complex music playing in our brains is what enables us to learn and perform an infinity of different，complex and precise movements.
These same findings can also serve as an inspiration for the machine learning community.Deep neural networks，as their name suggests，attempt to create software that learns and functions somewhat similarly to a human brain.Although their advances constantly make the news，these networks are primitive compared to a living brain.A better understanding of how our brain actually works can help in designing more complex neural networks，enabling them to perform more complex tasks.
9．Why does the author raise the questions in paragraph 1
A．To pursue answers.
B．To raise his puzzles.
C．To introduce the topic.
D．To share his interest.
10．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A．The result of the research.
B．The function of a single neuron.
C．The methods of the research.
D．The applications of the discovery.
11．What does Schiller stress in her explanation in paragraph 4
A．The way that neurons work.
B．The music that neurons play.
C．The difficulties that researchers encounter.
D．The process where neurons produce memory.
12．What might be the best title for the text
A．Individual Neuron Works like a Piano
B．Calculation Happens Between Neurons like a Machine
C．Complex Neural Networks in the Brain Enable People to Learn
D．The Mystery of Learning and Remembering Movement Has Been Uncovered强化练(七) 主旨大意题(2)
A
(2023·浙江嘉兴二模)
Joe Horan，a physical education teacher，has started the program Building Men to create a positive vision of manhood not just for himself，but also for the boys he teaches.Looking back，Mr Horan says his program developed from a low point in his life.In 2004 as he went through a hard time，he felt society’s definition of manhood was leading him down the wrong path.His life，he says，lacked substance and depth.“A desire became planted in my heart，that is，to find healing from the unhealthy messages I believed about manhood，” he says.Then，his sister recommended a book，Season of Life by Jeffrey Marx，which digs into the discovery of what being a man is all about.Joe took all the clues and started to put life lessons into his class.
Despite limited resources and funding，Building Men began at one middle school in the district in 2006.It grew on a shoestring budget，expanding school by school，year by year.Today,33 teachers，like Mr Colabufo，work across 18 schools.Mr Colabufo has known Mr Horan for several years，noting many people are aware of the program’s success.“Joe’s a legend in this district，” Mr Colabufo says.
The program appeals to boys at first because of a basketball component，but its secret is how it dives into off-the-court issues through discussions on character.Building Men helps participants gain insight，work to restore self-worth，and learn to calm emotions.SIR is a central component of lessons，standing for significance，integrity，and relationships.
At a recent breakfast fundraiser，Shateek Nelson，a senior at Nottingham High School，shared his experience，having participated in Building Men since middle school.He said he learned to see the bigger picture，rather than living in the moment.He also came to realize his actions affect others，and now he factors that into his decisions.
1．What motivated Joe Horan to start the program Building Men
A．An instructional book.
B．His personal experience.
C．His sister’s suggestion.
D．The society’s expectation.
2．What does the underlined word “shoestring” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Flexible. B．Proper.
C．Tight. D．Balanced.
3．What did Shateek Nelson learn from participating in Building Men
A．One should dream big and then start small.
B．One should live each day as if it were the last day.
C．It is good to gain real-life experience at middle school.
D．It is essential to think more of others in decision-making.
4．What is the best title for the text
A．SIR：Core Component of Physical Education
B．Healthy Life：Involving Substance and Depth
C．Building Men：Teaching Boys About Manhood
D．Manhood：Teenagers’ Power of Handling Issues
B
(2023·河北邯郸一模)
School is important for children and parents everywhere，and there are a lot who take the education of youth very seriously.Parents want their children to succeed，and a lot of children want to do well in school.A new study，which was done by Brigham Young University，has found that students perform better in school if they go on more cultural field trips.
Field trips have always been seen as fun for students，and they look forward to their chances to get out of the classroom and go somewhere fun.But field trips can be difficult for teachers to plan，because they need to make sure that there is learning and value included.Some have argued about the worth of field trips，and whether they are worth a student missing a whole day out of school.
However，Heidi Erickson，one of the researchers in the study，stated that there is no harm in taking students out of the classroom，even for multiple days throughout the year，as long as they are learning and in an appropriate space.The study had 4th- and 5th- grade students from 15 schools take part in this study.They went on three cultural field trips during the school year，to an art museum，a live theater performance，and a classical concert.Then the researchers looked at their school year compared to students who did not take part and this is where they saw the difference.
The study found that students who went on multiple field trips a year had higher test scores，performed better in class and had a greater cultural responsibility over time when compared to students who did not go on as many field trips.
Although there has been a remarkable decrease in the number of field trips due to various reasons，this new study is showing the true value of field trips，especially when they are considered “cultural”．
5．Why is it hard for teachers to plan field trips
A．Teachers are concerned about the price.
B．Teachers don’t believe in the worth of field trips.
C．Students have to miss a whole day out of school.
D．Teachers have to ensure students’ meaningful experiences.
6．What is Heidi Erickson’s attitude to cultural field trips
A．Skeptical. B．Favorable.
C．Concerned. D．Tolerant.
7．How did the researchers draw the conclusion
A．By asking students questions.
B．By taking field trips themselves.
C．By doing surveys among teachers.
D．By comparing different groups of students.
8．What is the main idea of the text
A．Cultural field trips improve students’ grades.
B．Students perform better in an appropriate space.
C．Why cultural field trips are popular with students.
D．Why the number of students’ field trips is dropping.
C
(2023·江西赣州一模)
In less than 2 months，the artificial intelligence (AI) program ChatGPT has become a cultural sensation(轰动)．ChatGPT is developed with a technique called Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback to train the language model，enabling it to automatically create text based on written prompts.I asked it to rewrite the first scene of the classic American play Death of a Salesman.The output was an amusing conversation.This is certainly fun，but there are serious implications for generative AI programs like ChatGPT in science and academia.
Many concerns relate to how ChatGPT will change education.It certainly can write essays about a range of topics.I gave it both an exam and a final project.It did well finding factual answers，but the scholarly writing still has a long way to go.If anything，the implications for education may push academics to rethink their courses in innovative ways and give assignments that aren’t easily solved by AI.That could be for the best.
More worrisome are the effects of ChatGPT on writing scientific papers.In a recent study abstracts created by ChatGPT were submitted to academic reviewers，who only caught 63% of these fakes.That’s a lot of AI-generated text that could find its way into the literature soon.
The text written by ChatGPT is not acceptable.An AI program cannot be an author.Still，according to Editorial Policies，text generated by ChatGPT (or any other AI tools) cannot be used in the work，nor can figures，images，or graphics be the products of such tools.Breaking these policies will be considered scientific misconduct(学术不端) no different from plagiarism(剽窃) of existing works.
The scientific record is ultimately one of the human efforts of struggling with important questions.Machines play an important role，but as tools for the people giving the hypotheses(假设)，designing the experiments and making sense of the results.Ultimately the product must come from—and be expressed by—the wonderful computer in our heads.
9．What does the underlined word “implications” probably mean in paragraph 1
A．Competitions. B．Incidents.
C．Restrictions. D．Effects.
10．What could be ChatGPT’s benefit for education，if any
A．It could help better the scholarly writing.
B．It could write essays about varieties of topics.
C．It could be used to design difficult assignments.
D．It could urge academics to make improvements.
11．What can be inferred about ChatGPT
A．It is welcomed by academics.
B．It may cause scientific misconduct.
C．It is basically useless for scientific research.
D．It works greatly to the advantage of education.
12．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A．ChatGPT Is Fun，But Not an Author
B．ChatGPT Has Become a Cultural Sensation
C．ChatGPT Will Change Our Way of Education
D．ChatGPT Plays an Important Role in Science强化练(六)
语篇解读 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要介绍了作者送孩子们在一所认证的森林学校度过一整天，在那里孩子们接近大自然，能学到很多在校内学不到的技能。
1．B [细节理解题。根据第一段中“Then，I drop them off at a nearby park where they spend the entire day outside at a certified forest school.”以及第三段中的“In this program，kids direct their own play，climbing tall trees or testing ice on the frozen lake.”可知，这个森林学校项目的特殊之处在于孩子们在户外玩耍和学习。故选B。]
2．C [推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Then I asked them if time ever seemed to move slowly，they stared at me in confusion.They didn’t understand my question，which fittingly removed it.”可知，孩子们对作者的问题感到很迷惑，这也消除了作者的担忧，由此可知，见到孩子们的这种反应，作者打消了顾虑。故选C。]
3．C [段落大意题。根据第四段中的主题句“Neither of their classroom teachers thinks it’s a problem，but most significantly，my kids are learning new and different skills that a classroom cannot teach.”以及后面内容可知，第四段主要讨论孩子们在森林学校学到的技能。故选C。]
4．D [标题归纳题。综合分析全文可知，作者介绍了一所森林学校的特殊之处，以及孩子们在那里能学到许多在校内学不到的技能，作者感激森林学校可以塑造孩子与户外的关系，所以D项“Forest School：a Fine Place for My Kids”能概括文章的主题。故选D。]
语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了20多年来，印度的Mohammad Saud和Nadeem Shehzad两兄弟一直在拯救从德里上空坠落的受伤的鸢的故事。
5．D [推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Life itself is relationship.That’s why we can’t abandon the birds.”可推知，他们拯救这些受伤的鸢，是因为他们把它们视为家人。故选D。]
6．C [推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The brothers talk about how a neighborhood bird hospital refused to treat the first kite they rescued because it was a ‘non-vegetarian bird’．”可知，医院之所以拒绝治疗他们救的第一只鸢，是因为它是一只“非素食鸟”，说明鸢威胁到别的生物。故选C。]
7．D [推理判断题。根据第五段提到的“The street outside the brothers’ home becomes a smelly pool of sewage water which comes into the basement during the rainy season...”和“Yet there’s life and hope.”可知，本段描写了两兄弟居住的地方环境恶劣，同时也指出这里也有生命，有希望。我们可以推断作者是以对比的手法展开描述的。故选D。]
8．C [标题归纳题。综合分析全文可知，文章介绍了印度两兄弟拯救从天空坠落受伤的鸢的故事，C项“Two Brothers Are Saving Birds Dropping from the Sky”能概括文章大意，适合作文章标题。故选C。]
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。我们的大脑是如何记住每一个动作的呢？它如何学习新的知识？Jackie Schiller教授和她的团队在单神经元水平上检查了大脑，揭开了谜团。
9．C [推理判断题。根据第二段中的“...her team examined the brain at a single-neuron(单神经元) level to shed light on this mystery.They found that...”可知，“this mystery”指代的就是第一段中的那些问题，故可推知作者在第一段提出那些问题是为了引出文章的话题，故选C。]
10．D [段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，这一发现有助于我们对大脑工作方式的新的理解，还可帮助我们更好地理解各种疾病、推动机器学习，因此本段主要介绍了该发现可以应用的方面。故选D。]
11．A [推理判断题。根据第四段中“‘We used to think of each neuron as a sort of whistle，which either rings，or doesn’t，’ Prof.Schiller explains.‘Instead，we are looking at a piano.Its keys can be struck at the same time，or in order，producing an infinity(无限) of different tunes.’”可知，Schiller推翻了以往对神经元的工作原理的理解，而是把神经元比喻成一架钢琴，强调的是神经元的运作方式。故选A。]
12．D [标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据第二段第一句可知，文章主要讲述了Jackie Schiller教授和她的团队在单神经元水平上检查了大脑，揭开了人脑学习和记忆动作的奥秘。D项“学习和记忆动作的奥秘已被揭开”适合作本文标题。故选D。]
强化练(七)
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了一位名叫Joe Horan的体育老师受个人经历启发开办了为男孩们塑造积极男子汉形象的Building Men项目。
1．B [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Looking back，Mr Horan says his program developed from a low point in his life.In 2004 as he went through a hard time，he felt society’s definition of manhood was leading him down the wrong path.”可知，他的个人经历促使他创建了该项目。故选B。]
2．C [词义猜测题。根据第二段中“Despite limited resources and funding，Building Men began at one middle school in the district in 2006.”可知，最初该项目资金紧张，故而“budget”(预算)也会紧张。故shoestring意为“紧张的”。故选C。]
3．D [细节理解题。根据第四段中“He said he learned to see the bigger picture，rather than living in the moment.He also came to realize his actions affect others，and now he factors that into his decisions.”可知，Shateek Nelson从参与该项目中学到了在做决定时要多考虑他人的福祉。故选D。]
4．C [标题归纳题。综合分析文章可知，全文主要介绍了一位名叫Joe Horan的体育老师受个人经历启发开办了为男孩们塑造积极男子汉形象的Building Men项目。故选C。]
语篇解读 本文是说明文。研究发现，如果学生经常去博物馆、艺术馆等文化场所，那么他们的学习成绩可能会得到提高。
5．D [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But field trips can be difficult for teachers to plan，because they need to make sure that there is learning and value included.”可知，老师需要确保文化旅游活动对学生来说是有收获的，故策划是有难度的。故选D。]
6．B [推理判断题。根据第三段中的“However，Heidi Erickson，one of the researchers in the study，stated that there is no harm in taking students out of the classroom...”可知，Heidi Erickson对文化旅游活动持支持态度。故选B。]
7．D [推理判断题。根据第三段中“The study had 4th- and 5th-grade students from 15 schools take part in this study...Then the researchers looked at their school year compared to students who did not take part and this is where they saw the difference.”可知，研究者通过对比经常参与文化旅游活动和不参加文化旅游活动的学生得出了结论。故选D。]
8．A [主旨大意题。综合分析全文可知，本文主要讲述的是文化旅游活动对提高学生的学习成绩有帮助。A项“Cultural field trips improve students’ grades.”能概括全文大意。故选A。]
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了ChatGPT虽然可以输出文章，但它不是作家，作品必须来自我们的大脑，ChatGPT是只起着提供假设、设计实验和理解结果作用的工具。
9．D [词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句子中的关键词“but”再结合下文“Many concerns relate to how ChatGPT will change education.”可知，本句句意为“这当然很有趣，但对于像ChatGPT这样的生成式人工智能程序在科学和学术界有着严重的影响”。 画线词与D项意思一致。故选D。]
10．D [细节理解题。根据第二段的“If anything，the implications for education may push academics to rethink their courses in innovative ways and give assignments that aren’t easily solved by AI.That could be for the best.”可知，如果说ChatGPT对教育有好处的话，那就是它敦促学者们做出改进。故选D。]
11．B [推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Still，according to Editorial Policies，text generated by ChatGPT (or any other AI tools) cannot be used in the work，nor can figures，images，or graphics be the products of such tools.Breaking these policies will be considered scientific misconduct(学术不端) no different from plagiarism(剽窃) of existing works.”可知，ChatGPT可能导致学术不端行为。故选B。]
12．A [标题归纳题。综合分析文章可知，本文主要介绍ChatGPT虽然可以输出文章，但它不是作家，作品必须来自我们的大脑，ChatGPT是只起着提供假设、设计实验和理解结果作用的工具。因此A项“ChatGPT很有趣，但不是作家”适合作为本文的标题。故选A。]
