强化练(十八) 非小标题式短文
A
(2023·河北石家庄质检二)
Back pain can make it difficult for many people to function in everyday life. 1 If you suffer from back pain，read on for four everyday fixes.
Our bodies need adequate movement throughout the day to avoid the stiffness that contributes to aches and pains.If the weather is good，don’t hunt for the nearest parking spot；don’t take the elevator when you have the option of one or two flights of stairs.When you need to sit for long periods，set a timer to get up every hour and be active for just a few minutes. 2
When we overuse our dominant side，we create muscle patterns of weakness and tension that increase pain，especially in our backs.Consider the actions you take repeatedly throughout the day that shift your weight to one side. 3 And use your opposite hand every so often for basic activities，such as opening doors.
Psychological stress is a noted risk factor for back pain，according to research.Most mental stress is caused by focusing on the past or future. 4 A few minutes a day of mindfulness can go a long way toward minimizing the impact of stress.Additionally，mindfulness practices like tai chi have all shown effectiveness in reducing back pain.
5 That is，you can create a game plan of daily activities to practice for back health.If your back hurts at the end of the day，don’t just decide it was a “bad” day.Ask yourself if you practiced the activities to help you avoid the stress and tension.Taking an active，daily-life approach to maintaining a healthy body is the key to keeping back pain at bay.
A．Switch sides when you carry things.
B．It affects how you move，feel and think.
C．You should learn more about the cause of your pain.
D．Approach the health of your back as a responsibility.
E．So actively being mindful of the present reduces stress.
F．You’d better take a quick break to check in with your breathing.
G．More minutes of movement add up to big health benefits over time.
B
(2023·福建泉州5月适应性检测)
Have you ever thought about traveling to new places，but you can’t afford it？ 1 Basically，you work a few hours each week in exchange for free housing.Both meals and other benefits are often thrown in.The jobs range from cleaning to computer work.You can search by location or for the type of work you’re interested in.One benefit of the more popular programs is that they assist you in different ways.They also charge as little as US$39 and offer extra features. 2 And Worldpackers pride themselves on their attention to safety and security.They carefully check out each potential host.They also provide a 24/7 support network for volunteers and hosts.
3 You can gain new skills in creativity，leadership，languages and more.You can drown yourself in a new culture.You’ll make new friends because you stay in one place for a while and work.Practically anyone at any age can join a program and travel throughout the year.
Your length of stay depends on your host. 4 Typically，you’ll work 20 to 30 hours a week.This gives you plenty of free time to explore the area.
When it comes to work exchange opportunities，the sky is the limit! You can help on a farm in Ireland.You might work in a wildlife park in Australia or as a photographer in Mexico.You could work in reception in a Japanese guesthouse.Or you might help at a South African surf camp. 5
Consider a travel work exchange.It might be the most exciting trip you ever take!
A．The opportunities are endless!
B．How can you work for the program
C．It can be from one week to many months.
D．If so，consider a work exchange program.
E．What are the reasons to do a work exchange
F．That doesn’t mean you have no choice but to stay at home.
G．For example，Workaway’s site lists over 50,000 places to choose from.
C
(2023·山东枣庄二模)
The gradual heating of Earth’s surface，oceans and atmosphere is primarily caused by human activities.We burn fossil fuels，and pump carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.These gases act like a greenhouse. 1
Already，the consequences of global warming are measurable and visible. 2 Lakes around the world are warming rapidly—in some cases faster than the surrounding environment.Animals are changing migration patterns，and plants are budding their leaves earlier in the spring and dropping them later in the fall.
One of the most immediate and obvious consequences of global warming is the increase in temperatures around the world.The average global temperature has increased by 0.8℃ over the past 100 years，according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 3 That year，Earth’s surface temperature was 0.99℃ warmer than the average across the entire 20th century.
4 We have more unpredictable extreme weather.These extremes come in different flavors.One effect can be colder-than-normal winters.Changes in climate can cause the boundary between the cold North Pole air and the warm equatorial air to migrate south. 5 This is why some areas can have a sudden cold snap or colder-than-normal winter，even during the long-term trend of global warming.
A．That will bring with it cold，Arctic air.
B．They trap in heat and cause global warming.
C．An immediate consequence is freezing weather.
D．Our Earth is heating up，and heating up quickly.
E．Ice is melting in both polar ice caps and mountain glaciers.
F．Since 1895，the hottest year on record worldwide was 2016.
G．As global average temperatures go up，weather patterns are changing.强化练(十四)
A 1.G 2.B 3.E 4.F 5.C
B 1.G 2.F 3.E 4.A 5.D
C 1.B 2.A 3.G 4.E 5.F
强化练(十五)
A 1.G 2.E 3.C 4.F 5.D
B 1.F 2.A 3.B 4.E 5.G
C 1.A 2.D 3.G 4.E 5.C
强化练(十六)
A 1.C 2.D 3.A 4.F 5.B
B 1.C 2.A 3.F 4.D 5.E
C 1.D 2.C 3.A 4.F 5.E
强化练(十七)
A 1.G 2.F 3.C 4.B 5.D
B 1.C 2.D 3.G 4.B 5.E
C 1.C 2.E 3.B 4.D 5.G
强化练(十八)
A 1.B 2.G 3.A 4.E 5.D
B 1.D 2.G 3.E 4.C 5.A
C 1.B 2.E 3.F 4.G 5.A强化练(十四) 说明文
A
(2023·江苏南京二模)
If you’ve studied biology，you’ve probably learned about blood types.Or perhaps you have learned something about blood types from social media. 1 These letters correspond to two antigens(抗原)，A and B．People with AB blood have both antigens，those with A or B have only one，and people with O have no antigens at all.
2 If you’ve had a blood transfusion(输血)，you are probably aware that your blood type determines which blood you can receive.Maybe you’ll think that you should plan your meals based on your blood type. 3 This last concept is popular in Asia，particularly in South Korea.Someone with type-A blood is thought to be considerate but shy.People with type-B blood are known for being creative but odd.Type-O individuals are considered to be some of the most sociable people.Those with type-AB are sensible artists，but sometimes calculating or unpredictable.
South Korea is one place where the blood type personality theory catches on.A study released in 2017 suggests that nearly 60% South Koreans believe that blood types serve as an indicator of a person’s personality. 4
But such theory can also cause discrimination.In the above-mentioned study，about half of the respondents said that they like people with type-O blood the best. 5 The general belief was that type-O individuals have a personality that best fits the culture in South Korea，while AB-types don’t suit such a cultural outlook.As a result，in recent years，many media have stopped promoting the theory.
A．Many factors contribute to your blood type.
B．So，what does blood type mean to you personally
C．Meanwhile，only 6%of those surveyed said they like AB-types.
D．They have a large social circle but are very easy to get annoyed.
E．Or perhaps you think your blood type influences your personality.
F．Even those that don’t agree with the concept are familiar with the idea.
G．Either way，you’ll know there are four main blood types：A，B，O，and AB.
B
(2023·江苏百校三模)
Before we even realize it’s happening，slowly but surely，we start losing confidence in who we are and what we do.You’re not alone. 1 Below are simple steps that it offers to help you restore confidence quickly.
Figure Out the Root Cause.Knowing why you’re losing confidence is key to reversing that downward spiral(螺旋)．Not only will it get your confidence back but also it will strengthen it in the process.So，take the time to become aware of your environment，your thoughts，your behaviors，and your relationships. 2
Strike a Pose.Simply put you stand straight，take up some space，put one hand on each hip，chin tilted upward，breathe in，and be present.Hold this pose for a few minutes. 3 Our attitudes often follow our behaviors，her research suggests，meaning that assuming the body language of a powerful person can make anyone who does it feel more confident.
4 Losing confidence means you’ve given your power away.And one of the fastest ways to take back your power is to utter a tiny two-letter word：NO.Practice saying “no” at least once a day.It can be to your own judging voices of doubt，or it can be to the external factors you’ve identified that have caused you to lose confidence.It，along with these other suggestions，is a very powerful step in restoring your confidence.
Losing confidence in ourselves happens. 5 I bet if you ask the people closest to you in your life，they’ll shrug and nod，letting you know that they’ve experienced self-doubt and a loss of confidence，too.It’s part of being human and part of living this thing that we call life.
A．Just Say “No”．
B．You will benefit from it in the long term.
C．They may help you find out your mistakes.
D．It’s happened to me on more than one occasion.
E．It’s one of the power poses suggested by social psychologist Amy Cuddy.
F．In that case，you can identify the negative influences that need to be addressed.
G．According to the online therapy platform Better Health，everyone lacks confidence occasionally.
C
(2023·河北张家口三模)
The transportation industry is one of the economy’s oldest and most crucial parts.The biggest challenge for this business is being unique and attracting customers in an industry where everyone offers similar services. 1 That is because it can make a memorable first impression on your customers.
When selecting a name，it’s essential to consider how it aligns(使一致) with your value.If you’re offering luxury transportation services，you should pick a name that expresses this sense. 2
Metaphors(暗喻)，visual imagery，and emotions can be powerful tools when selecting a name for your transportation business. 3 For example，Greyhound is a symbol of speed and agility(敏捷)．And this name perfectly expresses the idea of a speed-focused transportation company.
Brainstorming is vital when searching for the perfect name for your transportation business.So，start by listing words and phrases that describe your business.Think of words that express what your business really is. 4 Make sure that you apply your creativity to this process and think outside the box.It also pays to consider crowd sourcing and other creative ways to generate potential names.Ask friends，family，and fellow workers for their ideas.
5 It’s better to be carried out among people from different backgrounds.After all，the last thing you want is to pick a name that will annoy your audience.
A．A great example is Luxe Rides.
B．Getting a great name will be of great help.
C．Different people may have different preferences.
D．Let’s quickly explore some trusted ways to help you.
E．Then，consider combining them to create a unique name.
F．Remember to test your name before making your final decision.
G．That’s because these types of names form a clear image in the audience’s minds.强化练(十七) 小标题式短文
A
(2023·河北邯郸二模)
Benefits of Forest Bathing
Forest bathing means spending time in nature to promote physical and mental health.In recent years，forest bathing has gained popularity around the world.This practice encourages people to connect with nature by taking slow walks，engaging in activities such as yoga or meditation，and embracing the present moment. 1
Aid in reducing stress.
Forest bathing can help reduce stress.Connecting with nature decreases cortisol(皮质醇) levels，the hormone responsible for feelings of stress. 2 Even before you physically enter the forest，just imagining staying there can positively affect your cortisol levels.
A natural mood enhancer.
If you want to boost your mood，take a trip to the forest.A forest bathing trip can ease your mood significantly. 3 Forests are also associated with calming effects on the mind and body.
4
It’s no secret that nature plays a vital role in human life，and the two are strongly connected.In natural environments，plants and trees release some special oils，which can protect plants from germs.They also have many human health benefits.In addition to enhancing mood，these oils are also a natural immunity booster.
Inspire focus and concentration.
5 It can provide an ideal atmosphere for creative thinking and problem-solving.It allows you to focus on creative solutions without interruption.Increased energy levels during the day are also achieved with regular visits to nature because natural beauty surroundings help reduce stress levels，leaving you feeling energized and ready for the day ahead.
A．Improve your intelligence.
B．Help boost your immune system.
C．It can help reduce your anxiety，depression，and tiredness.
D．Forest bathing provides an opportunity to escape disturbance.
E．Here are some ways you can benefit from going into the forest.
F．So the more time you spend in nature，the more relaxed you will be.
G．Here are the benefits of forest bathing that you can start gaining today.
B
(2023·安徽合肥二模)
The road to learning how to take personal responsibility can be a difficult one，but starting simple really works. 1 Here is some advice you need to follow.
Focus on the basics of your journey.
Just like the ocean，our life has many ups and downs.If you start building a solid sailboat，you can withstand(经受) the weather.The solid boat represents your basic needs：safety，self-esteem(自尊) and connection with others. 2
Open your sails and be willing to fail.
Do not lay too much stress on the destination.Just head in the right direction. 3 You’re supposed to take the courage to really open your sails.When you devote yourself to what you are doing，you will forget about your insecurities and worries.
4
As you sail through life，are you making goals and plans，or are you simply letting things happen and watching life pass？Working on goal setting enables you to measure your progress and take responsibility for all you have and haven’t done to achieve them.
Live in the moment.
As you’re moving through the ocean of your life，are you really concentrating on each present moment，or are your thoughts set on the past and future？Do you complain about mistakes others made that forced you into a difficult position？ 5 Start taking personal responsibility for each thought and emotion that passes through you.
A．Reach your goals.
B．Move forward with intention.
C．Then begin to tackle the more difficult aspects.
D．So check in and make sure that they are being met.
E．Stop blaming others or situations if you really want to enjoy each moment.
F．Everyone can edge closer to that stage through taking personal responsibility.
G．You must enjoy the sail by finding purpose and following that desire to explore.
C
(2023·浙江湖丽衢质检)
Establishing healthy boundaries with yourself will help you stay within your range of control and prioritize what matters most.Here are some tips.
Be honest with yourself
Behind every fancy purchase is a desire for status and recognition.You secretly want to be noticed for wearing a new watch or carrying a designer purse. 1 So before taking action towards any endeavor，such as making an expensive purchase or pursuing a job promotion，ask yourself，“Who am I doing this for？”
2 However，if you are pursuing something with the hopes of attracting attention，then you need to say no to yourself.
Honor your limits
You can’t be everything for everyone.Trying to please everyone makes you vulnerable. 3 It is important that you are wise with your resources.
The importance of honoring your limits is highlighted by the Greek mythological story.The story is a reminder that pushing yourself too hard for too long ultimately comes at a cost.
Stop comparing yourself to others
People will engage in behaviors that trigger you.It might be tempting to enter an undeclared competition with the Joneses.This approach does not work because there is always someone out there who has more of what you desire.
Stop comparing yourself to others. 4 Focus on living a meaningful life that is consistent with your values and goals.
Be fair to yourself
You are likely your worst critic.You secretly say things to yourself that you would never have the heart to tell others.
Remember to have realistic expectations of yourself. 5 If the goal is unrealistic，then you have to say no and adjust your expectations.
A．You criticize yourself for shortcomings.
B．The truth is that you have limited energy and time.
C．The reality is that you are not being recognized.
D．What someone is doing with their life has nothing to do with you.
E．If a pursuit will truly improve the quality of your life，then go for it.
F．The same can be said about other pursuits such as accumulating wealth and status.
G．When you set goals，consider whether you have set the standard at a reasonable level.强化练(十五) 记叙文
A
(2023·广东汕头二模)
We set off on our journey up Mount Wutai onto its peak to appreciate the mysterious and beautiful Bodhisattva Lights，ball-shaped lights floating in the whole sky with radiant beams.Seen from the foot of the mountain，the sky was gray and cloudy.In the distance stood the peak(山顶)，unclear. 1
On the mountainside，our clothing grew wet.The road was slippery and difficult to walk.It slowed the horses down to a heavy pace.We spent the night at a small hotel. 2 The road was more slippery than the day before，so we had no choice but to get down from our horses and walked on foot.
On the way，we were told the unusual phenomenon wouldn’t be observed in the rain.We sighed with disappointment. 3 And the sun set in the west，the clouds disappeared and the mist faded.
Eventually，we arrived at the peak，with the sky filled with stars.Late in the night，we got awake by a shout.“Get up.Hurry up to see the lights！” We moved quickly，threw on a few pieces of clothing and ran out.It was cold，making our bodies shake from head to foot.However，our hearts were filled with excitement. 4
Thousands of ball-shaped objects floated slowly in the distance，shining golden beams of light，as though the whole sky were filled with countless glowing lanterns.The balls moved across the sky at the same speed. 5 They were light and delicate.Meanwhile，we all just froze there，speechless with wonder，appreciating the incredible views.
A．It seemed to rain soon.
B．We had to stop for a shelter.
C．Unexpectedly，the sky began to clear.
D．They were like goldfish swimming calmly in water.
E．The next morning，we continued our climb in the rain.
F．Just before our eyes，the mysterious phenomenon appeared.
G．It sometimes appeared in white mist，and sometimes was completely covered by clouds.
B
I’ve been in advertising for eight years and worked a lot of late nights and weekends for numerous projects. 1 One day I watched a talk called “The power of time off”．It’s about how every seven years，the speaker takes a year off from work so he can do his own creative projects. 2 I decided I had to do that.I need to take time to start my own creative ideas.
The first project ends up being something I call “One Second Every Day”．Basically I record one second of every day for the rest of my life，combining these moments into one single continuous video until I can’t record them anymore. 3 There’re many things I have no recollection of unless someone brings them up，and I think，“Oh，that’s something I did.”
4 On a good day，I’ll have maybe four seconds I want to choose.I’ll just have to narrow them down to one，but even narrowing them down to that one allows me to remember the other three anyway.
I don’t use any filters(滤镜)，just trying to catch the moment as much as possible as it is.I started a rule of the first person view.Early on，I thought I should have a couple of videos where people would see me，but I realized that wasn’t the way to go. 5
The project has many possibilities.I encourage you all to record just a small piece of your life every day，so you can never forget that day and treasure every moment.
A．It instantly inspired me.
B．The purpose is to remember what I’ve done.
C．I’m always energetic when doing things I love.
D．People might have different interpretations of it.
E．It’s difficult，sometimes，to pick that one second.
F．But I never had time for one I wanted to work on on my own.
G．The essence of my project should be recording the thing as I actually see it.
C
(2023·湖北4月调研)
When I read that we spend almost three hours every day checking our smartphones，I was shocked.What was I missing in the real world when walking down the street，lost in a virtual world of social media updates and videos of dogs on bicycles？I promised myself I would use my smartphone less，but it didn’t happen.Then one day my phone died and I had to wait a week for a new one. 1 I thought it would be hard，but in fact it was quite easy—and surprising in a good way for a number of reasons!
The first consequence was quite amazing—On the first day in the office without my phone，I was thinking more deeply and concentrating more.I rediscovered my brain！ 2 Another consequence was that I actually talked to people more and felt more connected to them.I realized I was being more responsive to their news and sympathetic to their problems because I wasn’t constantly checking my phone. 3 Their kindness made me feel welcome，and I discovered my brain has very good GPS!
At the very beginning，I was worried that I would be bored without my phone，but actually I enjoyed it—I’d forgotten how much I love books and newspapers. 4 And I also sensed that I slept so much better and felt more awake in the morning.
At times it was inconvenient to have no mobile internet connection，but all in all，there were a lot of benefits from not being connected 24/7.So，if you think you use your smartphone too much，put it away for a few days and see what happens. 5
A．Would I survive
B．What’s the problem
C．You never know，you may become smarter!
D．Without a phone at hand I was more productive.
E．Reading every day made me feel a lot more special.
F．I’m a lot more careful about how much I use it now.
G．Another day I was in a new city and I asked people for directions.强化练(十六) 议论文
A
(2023·山东济宁一模)
STEM vs.STEAM
STEM is short for Science，Technology，Engineering and Mathematics.The term was coined by Judith Ramaley while a director at National Science Foundation in 2001.Since then，STEM-focused education has been extended to many countries beyond the United States.However，education is a constantly evolving game. 1 One of the latest philosophies gaining steam is adding an arts component to the STEM educational focus，thus，creating the STEM vs.STEAM debate.
The believers in STEM education want the focus to remain on the core STEM principles. 2 Tasks involving product design encourage students to draw and create.Adding arts will take away from the original intention of focusing on the STEM disciplines.
3 They argue that adding arts to STEM is a way to develop strong STEM students who think creatively.Several studies have shown that engaging students’ arts strength increases their motivation when it comes to STEM activities. 4 Furthermore，for kids who might be turned off from STEM subjects due to a dislike of numbers，highlighting the artistic component of lessons can reach out and draw them in.
While they seem to be opposed，both sides of this argument may have the right idea. 5 Consider the growing field of computer animation，where you must have both artistic abilities and strong technology fields.Also，the most basic of all children’s toys，wooden blocks，are an incredible example of STEAM exploration.They bring design，geometry，and engineering concepts to our youngest learners，setting them up for a lifetime of creative thinking.
A．The STEAMers disagree.
B．Actually，science and arts are inseparable.
C．It consistently introduces new theories and practices.
D．Their idea is that there are already enough arts in their approach.
E．Thus，good teachers are always learning to keep pace with updated knowledge.
F．It also improves the probability of success in complicated tasks and challenges.
G．They believe adding art makes the STEM courses accessible to more students.
B
(2023·江苏第五次大联考)
Fitness tracking devices often recommend we take 10,000 steps a day.But the goal of taking 10,000 steps is not，as many of us believe，rooted in science. 1
The 10,000-steps target became popular in Japan in the 1960s.A clock maker，hoping to benefit from interest in fitness after the 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games，mass-produced a pedometer(计步器) with a name that，when written in Japanese characters，resembled a walking man. 2 Therefore，it created a walking aim that，through the decades，somehow got planted in our global consciousness—and fitness trackers.
But today’s best science suggests we do not need to take 10,000 steps a day. 3 In that study，people who walked for about 8,000 steps a day were half as likely to die prematurely(过早地) from heart disease or any other cause as those who had 4,000 steps a day. 4 The extra steps did not provide much additional protection against dying young，either.
5 If，like many people，we currently take about 5,000 steps a day during the course of everyday activities like shopping and housework，adding the extra 2,000 to 3,000 steps would take us to a total of between 7,000 and 8,000 steps most days，which seems to be the step-count sweet spot.
A．It also translated as “10,000-steps meter”．
B．Really，many of us reach that 10,000-step goal.
C．In fact it is based on history rather than research.
D．But the statistical benefits of additional steps were slight.
E．The 8,000-steps a day could be a reasonable and achievable goal.
F．A study found that 10,000 steps a day are not a must for a long life.
G．The risks for early death continued to drop among those taking more steps.
C
(2023·湖南邵阳二模)
Some people prefer to have a bite to eat before hitting the gym，known as a fed workout.Others would like to wait until after exercising to refuel their bodies，called a fasted workout. 1 Many experts say there’s no easy answer because it depends on the person.
If you want energy and strength for an ideal workout，you need fuel.A fed workout will provide your body with power.Eating before exercise may help you sustain longer sessions and lift heavier weights. 2 Muscle preservation is also an essential component of strengthening your body.Nitrogen(氮) is critical for processing protein that builds healthy muscles.People tend to lose less nitrogen during a fed workout than a fasted one.
Many fitness enthusiasts are not on board with this idea.They report feeling sick and inactive while trying to exercise after eating.With a fasted workout，you may not get the usual indigestion.Experts for fasted workouts further claim that eating afterwards makes your body use its fat reserves for energy，meaning you will burn more fat. 3 It can cause a sudden drop in your blood glucose(葡萄糖) levels，and you may feel dizzy.You may even be more likely to overeat.
4 Not all foods are created equally.For example，if you choose a fed workout，you’ll probably lose a lot of water during an intense training，so you should consider drinking some beforehand.With a fasted workout，it would help if you had some nutrition right after your session is complete.Drink some water.Then，have a light meal or nutritional snack.
Deciding when to eat for an ideal workout is a personal choice.Both fasted workouts and fed activities have their benefits and shortcomings. 5
A．However，a fasted workout might not work for you.
B．How your body will respond is based on your workout intensity.
C．These benefits can result in burning more fat and shaping a slimmer body.
D．To eat or not to eat，that is the question on many fitness enthusiasts’ minds.
E．Think thoroughly and discuss with your fitness instructor before taking a choice.
F．Knowing what to eat for an ideal workout is just as important as knowing when to eat.
G．A person doing a 30-minute session a day may not have a problem with fasted workouts.
