第3讲 根据逻辑关系，化解七选五阅读
每篇文章都是一个有机统一的整体，各部分之间存在一定的内在联系。从逻辑意义上来看，句子之间常常有并列、递进、顺承、转折、总分、解释、因果、过渡、例证等关系，有时甚至存在不止一种关系。因此，理解阅读七选五的阅读材料时一定要把握文章脉络，弄清其中的逻辑关系。如果文章或选项中出现了逻辑关系词，考生就可以利用其来进行推理判断；如果文中或选项中未出现逻辑关系词，这就需要考生全面理解文章大意，根据上下文语境弄清文章内在的逻辑关系，并做出正确的判断。
真题体验 (2023·全国乙·片段)
Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much，but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. 36 ，but studies have shown that they can promote people’s well-being by improving their mood(心情)，reducing stress and helping their memory.What’s more，indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive.
A．All plants are different
B．Not only do they look beautiful
C．There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D．Instead，they grow better inside，where it is warmer
E．Plants like peace lilies and devil’s ivy are among the best
F．Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
G．Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding
A
(2023·浙江Z20名校联考)
Pets should not be left alone for too long during the day.But our busy lifestyles will sometimes tear us away. 1 Here are some tips to keep your pets content.
Cats don’t simply curl up and sleep when you leave. 2 If they have a friend or sibling，they will create games and comfort one another，but if they are alone，they will need more stimuli(刺激物)．Leaving the TV or radio on can help，and while you work out their favorite channel，you can’t go far wrong with classical music.
A number of cat toys are also helpful. 3 Some of the toys are also practical for your home，such as scratching posts to prevent the furniture from being scratched.
It’s not just cats that suffer from separation anxiety.Dogs also dislike being left alone and unfortunately they can’t tell whether it’s been ten minutes or ten hours：the displeasure felt is very similar.
4 Background noise from the TV or radio can help them to feel less alone.There is even a dog TV channel designed to create happy and calm thoughts in dogs，showing idyllic scenes of fields，beaches and other dogs.
You can also gradually lengthen the distance and time of your separation until your dogs can be left alone for 20 minutes without showing their usual symptoms of sadness and stress. 5
A．Schedule daily play sessions with your cats.
B．But you can help ease the negative feeling at least.
C．That creates a lot of guilt and worry for their well-being.
D．In this way，they can disassociate your absence with negativity.
E．They need stimulation for the period when they will be left alone.
F．Over time，they will look forward to their separation to get a reward.
G．They will keep your cat physically and mentally busy，which will lessen the separation anxiety.
B
(2023·山东济宁三模)
Growing plants is often seen as a very “green” thing to do，but like many products，they take a huge amount of energy to produce. 1 For example，they use geothermal(地热的) energy to heat greenhouses and solar power to supply electricity and lighting.While domestic growing doesn’t involve the same carbon footprint as commercial growing，it’s important to consider what we can all do to minimize our own impact while still enjoying growing plants.
Over-consumption of plants is a big issue.It’s so easy to get overexcited when you see all these incredible plants，and you can end up carrying home huge numbers of them. 2 The more plants you have，the more limited your time and resources become，and plants can suffer.This leads to another issue—many people may end up throwing away their plants which don’t look perfect or stop flowering，in a similar way to the world of fast fashion. 3
If you are ready and able to increase your collection，propagate(繁殖) from your own plants rather than buying more，and share plants with others. 4 Meanwhile，we can build a community of like-minded，passionate plant people.
Recycling takes a huge amount of input，which can end up more damaging to the environment，so instead of buying something of lower quality that needs replacing every year，buy fewer things of a higher quality. 5 And they can be passed down the generations.
A．But large collections call for an enormous amount of work.
B．Many commercial growers continue to market their produce.
C．This removes the need to buy plants and encourages a sharing culture.
D．These will last many years and be more cost-effective in the long term.
E．So it’s important to assess your collection and buy plants you have time to look after.
F．Throwing them away will greatly reduce your gardening footprint on the environment.
G．Many large-scale growers have used technology to minimize their impact on the environment.微技能 利用语篇分析，妙解七选五阅读
七选五阅读所选语篇通常以说明文为主，这类文章往往层次清楚，篇章结构以“总—分(—总)”结构常见，有时也会出现“总—分—分”结构。把握住这个规律后，考生在做题前，先整体观察一下文章是不是“总—分”结构，如果是，紧接着观察每一部分(段落)是否有主题句，若有，这些主旨句往往句式相同，并且前面往往有实心圆点。如果设空处恰好处于段落主旨句的位置，则该处应为段落主旨句，这样就可快速从选项中找出类似的结构，并根据本段内容做出选择。因此，精准把握语篇结构能够大大提高学生解七选五阅读的能力。
高考七选五阅读常见语篇结构如下：
充分利用“总—分”结构中的“小标题”
段首设空时，考生应先观察“分讲部分”是否有小标题，若有，仔细观察其他段落标题的句式结构，然后，根据结构相同的原则，缩小范围，选择短小精悍，多为名词词组、动词-ing形式的短语或祈使句作为小标题。
真题体验 (2023·全国甲·片段)
...
In the Digital Age，we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips.However，research suggests that if we practiced patience，we’d be a whole lot better off.Here are several tricks.
Practice gratitude(感激)
Thankfulness has a lot of benefits...
Make yourself wait
Instant gratification(满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time，but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run...
39
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate，and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone，we get impatient about the circumstances.You should learn to say to yourself，“ 40(F) ．” You’ll then gradually become more patient.
A．Find your causes
B．Start with small tasks
C．Accept the uncomfortable
D．All this adds up to a state of hurry
E．It can also help us practice more patience
F．This is merely uncomfortable，not intolerable
G．They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience
充分利用“总—分”结构中的“首段末尾句”
在“总—分”结构的文章中，首段的末尾句往往起到统领下文的作用，如果在首段末尾处设题，正确答案的语句通常为：
1．Here are some tips/advice on how to...
2．The following steps may help you...
3．Here are some ways to...
如果首段末尾处不设题，也可利用这些总结句，选出后面段落的主题句。
真题体验 (2022·浙江1月)
I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do，but I have made specific choices that allow me to make the most of every day，and still feel happy and relaxed. 31
Pick the most important.
32 Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive.I chose the life of an adviser because I like to work with companies，but don’t want the life of a big company CEO.My choices are based on the lifestyle I want.
Combine your activities.
Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends，family，work，play，etc. 33 Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner.Build your social life around people in your work environment.Find people in your company who share common interests and develop your career(职业) around the people and activities you love.
34
You would think learning takes more time from you，but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks，freeing you up for the most important.Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there.
Lighten up.
The world won’t come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone.Celebrate progress and keep refining(改进) toward a happy productive existence. 35 Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way.
A．Speed up.
B．Be an active learner.
C．Stop trying to balance time between them all.
D．Make choices about what is meaningful in your life.
E．The things you do well usually give you greater joy.
F．Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time.
G．This is why making lists is important in any productivity handbook.
充分利用篇章结构中的“标点符号”
全国甲卷和乙卷中，经常出现选项为不完整的句子的现象，2018课标 Ⅰ 卷也出现过。考生做题时，应先观察七个选项的特征，若七个选项无标点，文章中就会有标点，考生可充分利用设空处后面的标点符号来选择答案。设空后若是逗号，则该处填入的句子应为“未完待续”的句子，这些句子往往是从句或是主句；如果设空处前面是逗号，则该处填入的句子的首字母应为小写(专有名词除外)；如果设空处前面是问号，则该处填入的句子是对上一句的解释或回答；如果设空处是问号，那选项一般应以特殊疑问词开头，我们可以根据这些规律来迅速锁定选择范围，提高答题速度。
真题体验 A
(2022·新课标Ⅰ·片段)
...
So，how do you find a workout partner
First of all，decide what you want from that person. 37 Or do you just want to be physically fit，able to move with strength and flexibility？Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
A．Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B．A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C．You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
D．Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport
E．How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice
F．Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G．Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
B
(2021·全国乙·片段)
...
People love to talk about themselves.If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do you do for a living？”，you’ll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you’re talking to. 37 ，it can bring in “I have this old，broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation.
38 ？If you can’t take their wine away，you should certainly try to take away their soapbox(讲台)．..
A．How do you know the host
B．The first step is to go exploring
C．If you ask the question “How did you get here？”
D．Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
E．Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say
F．What about that person who has had too much to drink or won’t stop talking
G．He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most专题二
第1讲
技法一 真题体验
39．D [设空处位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“Seeking and accepting constructive feedback(反馈) is crucial to growth.I post my work on social media and，in turn，have met some of the kindest people.They make me feel valued and respected，no matter my level of artistic ability.”可知，本段主要讲述的是分享自己的作品，D项“Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.”符合文意，是本段的中心句。故选D。]
技法二 真题体验
36．D [此题考查细节句。D项的“That”可以指代空前提到的“Most long-distance trains，especially the sleeping car accommodations，sell out very quickly.”这件事。故选D。]
37．G [此题考查细节句。空前“A good one can sometimes find you discounted tickets.”中的“A good one”指的是“a travel agent”，G项中的“He”能承接上文内容。故选G。]
38．C [此题考查细节句。根据空后的“In the summer in particular，the air conditioning can make them quite cold.”可知，C项中的“Temperature”能与其呼应。故选C。]
39．E [此题考查过渡句。根据空前的“Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week”以及空后的“The times listed on the schedules are departure times，not arrival times.”可知，E项“你可能要等24小时以上才能赶上下一班。”符合语境。]
40．A [此题考查过渡句。本段的主旨句为“Have fun”。再根据空后给的建议“Read a book，knit，do a crossword puzzle，or simply watch the world unfold outside the window.”可推知A项“火车旅行不适合没有耐心的人。”能承上启下。故选A。]
技法三 真题体验
38．F [此处考查总结句。空前列出了一些自己所做的好事，选项F“Whatever it is，no matter how small it might seem，write it down.”讲述的是“不管你所做的事情，不管事情看起来有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。”能总结前文内容。故选F。]
随堂演练
A
1．F [根据下文“Where does all of this rubbish go It will end up in the landfills.”可知，垃圾最终会进入垃圾填埋场造成污染，F项和下文构成内容上的承接，用聚会后的混乱场面引出下文的垃圾，选项中的the mess与下文的this rubbish相呼应。故选F。]
2．C [下文“As a matter of fact，e-invitations are quick，easy，and more modern than traditional paper invites.It’s also the environmentally soundest choice.”说明了电子邀请函的优势，是对C项的解释，和C项构成因果关系。故选C。]
3．A [根据上文“If there are any people in your crowd who say it’s tacky(俗气的)to use e-cards，tell them it’s tackier to pollute the environment by using traditional ones.”可知，作者认为对质疑使用电子贺卡的人，可以告诉他们用会造成环境污染的传统贺卡更俗气。A项能和上文构成内容上的承接，且A项中的That指代前文的那句话。故选A。]
4．E [下文“Put out two rubbish cans and write something on them clearly...” 是对E项的具体说明。E项中的recycle是原词复现。故选E。]
5．G [上文“As the result，after the party，you will find many cups are thrown away，causing a lot of waste.”讲到了聚会上产生的杯子的浪费现象，G项是对上文内容的承接，介绍了避免浪费杯子的技巧，即在杯子上写名字，同时也和本段的主题句“Allow each person only one cup.”相呼应。故选G。]
B
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何设定目标。
1．E [过渡句。上文“Whether you have small dreams or high expectations，setting goals allows you to plan how you want to move through life.”提到设定目标的好处，下文具体介绍了设定目标的方法，故E项“Here are some important ideas that you may find helpful.”承上启下，符合语境。故选E。]
2．F [总结句。根据本段主题句“Find out your life goals.”和上文“What do you want to achieve today，in a year，and in your lifetime？”可知，空格处应讲到人生目标，F项“Consider what you hope to achieve in 10,15，or 20 years.”符合本段主旨。故选F。]
3．G [细节句。根据上文“Research shows that setting a specific goal makes you more likely to achieve it.”并结合下文的举例“For example，‘Be healthier’ is too big and vague to be a helpful goal.‘I want to eat more vegetables，and I want to run a marathon’ is better.”可知，设定一个具体的目标会让你更有可能实现它，要把太大太模糊的目标分解成具体的目标，G项“Remember that you may need to break large goals into smaller goals.”符合语境。故选G。]
4．D [细节句。根据本段主题句“Write out your goals.”及下文“Keep your list in a place where you can get informed frequently.”可知，本段是说把目标写出来，D项“Writing them down tends to make them a little more real.”符合语境。故选D。]
5．A [主旨句。根据本段中“You may find yourself set in your ways concerning broad life goals，but take the time to reevaluate your smaller goals.”和“Allow yourself the flexibility(灵活性) to make some small changes to your goals.”可知，本段是说要灵活调整目标，故A项“Adjust your goals.”符合语境。故选A。]
第2讲
技法一 真题体验
37．B [根据空前内容“In a journal or on a piece of paper，put the heading ‘Personal strengths.’”以及空后内容“Are you caring？Creative？Generous？A good listener？Fun to be around？They don’t have to be world-changing，just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项B“Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.”符合上下文内容，B项中的“characteristics you like about yourself”与空前的“Personal strengths.”及句尾的“personality that you’re proud of”属于同义词复现。故选B。]
技法二 真题体验
39．C [根据空后内容“That way，you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through.”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项C“They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.”符合语境，C项中的“they”与空前句“You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list.”中的“a friend or family member”保持一致。故选C。]
随堂演练
A
1．B [过渡句。根据空前的“However，this approach involves some risk.”和空后的“That’s why the first rule of road trip planning is to bring along whatever you might need to have fun.”可知，选项B承接上句中的“some risks”且选项B中“boring”与下一句的“have fun”相对应，承上启下。故选B。]
2．D [过渡句。选项D中的“them”指代上一句中的“travel guides”，并且进一步说明了这些旅游指南会给人带来的帮助，承接上句，语意合理。故选D。]
3．F [主旨句。根据空后的“Highways make it possible to drive across an entire country without seeing anything or meeting anyone.”和“The more you skip freeways in favor of scenic highways，the more you’re likely to get out of your trip.”可知，选择好合适的道路，会在旅行中有着不同的收获，选项F能概括下文。故选F。]
4．E [细节句。空后句中“Remember，the more you prepare now，the better equipped you’ll be...”的关键词“prepare”能与E项“Reseach as much as possible”相呼应。故选E。]
5．G [细节句。空后句“In some areas，especially the American West，gas stations can be a hundred miles away.”的关键词“gas station”与G项中的“fuel”相关，语意合理。故选G。]
B
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章对“角色扮演”进行简要介绍，其次提出了“角色扮演”可以帮助孩子们学习、培养孩子们的想象力以及帮助孩子们应对一些他们产生不良情绪的状况。
1．F [过渡句。分析上下文可知，F项“This involves a child in an activity where he or she pretends to be another person.”中的“This”指代空前的“role-playing”，并引出下文“It can benefit children in many ways.”故选F。]
2．D [主旨句。根据空后的“When children role-play，they must create plans...Through these activities，children can enhance their oral language abilities.”可知，本段讲述通过角色扮演孩子们可以提高语言表达能力，D项符合语境。故选D。]
3．A [细节句。根据空前的“Roles are assigned to children when they engage in group activities.”可知，A项中的“leaders and followers”能与前文中的“Roles”相呼应。故选A。]
4．C [细节句。根据空前列举的“For example，boys may pretend to shave like their fathers，while girls may pretend to be mothers to do some daily tasks like caring for young babies.”可知，C项“更常见的情况是，孩子们可能会表演他们在书中读到的故事。”符合语境，与前文是顺承关系。故选C。]
5．G [过渡句。G项中的“help children lower their fear in reality”与本段话题一致。与空前的“the fear of going to school for the first time”以及下文的“fears”呼应。故选G。]
第3讲
真题体验
36．B [根据下文“but studies have shown that they can promote people’s well-being by improving their mood(心情)，reducing stress and helping their memory.”可知，此处与下文是并列关系，构成not only...but (also)．..“不仅……而且……”结构。由此可知B项“Not only do they look beautiful”能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选B。]
随堂演练
A
1．C [细节句。根据上文“Pets should not be left alone for too long during the day.But our busy lifestyles will sometimes tear us away.”可知，本句应当说明宠物独自待太久的不良影响：使我们为它们的健康感到内疚和担忧，C选项符合语境，其中的That指代空前句的内容。故选C。]
2．E [细节句。根据后文“If they have a friend or sibling，they will create games and comfort one another，but if they are alone，they will need more stimuli(刺激物)．”可知猫独自待着的时候，需要更多刺激，E选项符合语境。故选E。]
3．G [细节句。根据前文“A number of cat toys are also helpful.”可知，本句是在说明猫玩具可以让猫忙起来，帮助猫缓解分离焦虑，G选项符合语境。故选G。]
4．B [过渡句。根据上一段中的“Dogs also dislike being left alone and unfortunately they can’t tell whether it’s been ten minutes or ten hours：the displeasure felt is very similar.”及后文“Background noise from the TV or radio can help them to feel less alone.There is even a dog TV channel designed to create happy and calm thoughts in dogs，showing idyllic scenes of fields，beaches and other dogs.”可知，本段与上文构成转折，同时引出下文，指出缓解猫狗宠物分离焦虑情绪的办法，B选项符合语境。故选B。]
5．D [总括句。根据上文“You can also gradually lengthen the distance and time of your separation until your dogs can be left alone for 20 minutes without showing their usual symptoms of sadness and stress.”可知，上文提到了“延长你的距离和时间”这种方法，本句为本段最后一句，应说明这种方法的作用，D选项符合语境。故选D。]
B
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了种植植物通常被视为一件非常“绿色”的事情，但像许多产品一样，它们需要大量的能源来生产，并告诉我们该如何做。
1．G [细节句。根据下文“For example，they use geothermal(地热的) energy to heat greenhouses and solar power to supply electricity and lighting.”可知，G项能与下文相呼应，且下文的“they”代指选项中的“Many large-scale growers”。故选G。]
2．A [过渡句。上文“It’s so easy to get overexcited when you see all these incredible plants，and you can end up carrying home huge numbers of them.”提到将大量植物带回家，下文“The more plants you have，the more limited your time and resources become，and plants can suffer.”指出将大量植物带回家所产生的不好结果，即为什么不要将大量植物带回家，由此可知，空处承上启下，和上文是转折关系，A项中的“But”能承上启下。故选A。]
3．E [总结句。上文“This leads to another issue—many people may end up throwing away their plants which don’t look perfect or stop flowering，in a similar way to the world of fast fashion.”可知，将大量植物带回家的结果是最终会抛弃那些看起来不完美的植物，空处对本段进行总结，告诉我们正确的做法是什么，E项中的“So”连接词起总结作用。故选E。]
4．C [细节句。上文“If you are ready and able to increase your collection，propagate(繁殖) from your own plants rather than buying more，and share plants with others.”提到要用自己的植物繁殖，并且与他人分享，C项承接上文，指出这么做的好处，且C选项中的“a sharing culture”与上文中的“share plants with others”呼应。故选C。]
5．D [细节句。上文“...so instead of buying something of lower quality that needs replacing every year，buy fewer things of a higher quality.”指出与其买一些质量较差的东西，每年都需要更换，不如少买一些质量较高的东西，D项承接上文，解释了这么做的原因，且D项中的“These”代指上文中的“things of a higher quality”。故选D。]
微技能
微技法一 真题体验
39．C [分析语篇结构可知，本文为“总－分”结构，再从位置上看，39题为段落主题句，与其他两段并列，也应该为祈使句，这样，备选项为A，B，C。再根据主题句要与段落内容相关的原则可知，本段提到了“当我们经历舒适区之外的事情时，我们会对环境失去耐心，应该学会奉劝自己”。故C选项“接受不舒服”符合语境。故选C。]
微技法二 真题体验
31．F [上文说作者做出选择，充分利用每一天，并且依然感到快乐和轻松，根据下文各段落小标题可知，下文就如何充分利用每一天给出了建议，因此空格处应是承上启下，F项中的“help you make the most of your time”与上文“to make the most of every day”一致，“tips”引出下文的建议。故选F。]
微技法三 真题体验
A
37．D [根据下文“Or do you just want to be physically fit，able to move with strength and flexibility？”可知空处与其并列，也应是一个疑问句，D项“你想在你最喜欢的运动项目上成为更好的运动员吗？”符合语境。故选D。]
B
37．C [根据此空后的逗号和空后的句子可知，此空应该填入一个从句。再根据空后的“I have this old，broken-down vehicle” “I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.”可知，空处应与涉及交通方式的问题有关。C项“If you ask the question ‘How did you get here？’”符合语境。]
38．F [根据空后的问号可知，此处应填入一个问句，故把答案锁定在A、F两项中。空后的“If you can’t take their wine away”和“their soapbox(讲台)”与F项中的“has had too much to drink”和“won’t stop talking”分别对应。故选F。]七选五阅读主要考查学生理解语篇上下文逻辑关系的能力。短文中的五个句子被摘出，打乱顺序后与另外两个句子置于短文之后。考生根据短文内容，从短文后的七个句子中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。新课程标准要求考生具有识别语篇中的新旧信息的布局及承接关系的能力；能理解语篇成分之间的语义逻辑关系，如：次序关系、因果关系、概括与例证关系；能识别语篇中的时间关系、空间关系、过程顺序等。
卷别 年份 体裁 主题语境 考查类型 命题分析
段首 段中 段尾
新课标Ⅰ卷 2023 说明文 人与自我·完善自我 0 4 1 1.主题语境：以人与社会、人与自我主题为主。 2.文章体裁：以说明文为主，记叙文、议论文为辅。 3.设空特点：(1)分布均匀：一般一段一题(少于5段或某段较长，可能一段两题)；(2)设空位置：以段中设题为主，兼顾段首句和段尾句。 4.选项特点：七个整句由短到长依次排列，带标点。
2022 说明文 人与社会·体育与健康 0 4 1
2021 记叙文 人与社会·跨文化沟通 1 4 0
新课标Ⅱ卷 2023 说明文 人与社会·文学、艺术与体育 1 3 1
2022 说明文 人与自我·生活与学习 1 4 0
2021 说明文 人与自我·生活与学习 1 2 2
鉴于七选五阅读主要考查学生理解语篇上下文逻辑关系的能力，所以我们在复习备考中，根据题型特点和平时的教学总结了三种比较实用的解题技法：利用设空位置，快解七选五阅读；依据线索词汇，巧解七选五阅读；根据逻辑关系，化解七选五阅读。这三种技法各有特色，没有优劣之分。有的试题仅仅运用一种方法不能找出答案，可以综合运用三种方法，灵活解题。除了这三种方法外，考生还可以利用语篇分析，妙解七选五阅读。
第1讲 利用设空位置，快解七选五阅读
命题人常采用段首、段中和段尾三种挖空方式。句子在段中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同。出题者正是利用挖空位置的暗示作用和挖空上下文的提示作用，来考查学生的逻辑思维能力。
段首设空题
真题体验 (2023·新课标Ⅱ·片段)
· 39 Seeking and accepting constructive feedback(反馈) is crucial to growth.I post my work on social media and，in turn，have met some of the kindest people.They make me feel valued and respected，no matter my level of artistic ability.
A．Get out of your comfort zone.
B．Make career plans and set goals.
C．Don’t throw away your beginner art.
D．Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E．You’ll hit roadblocks，and you’ll feel discouraged at times.
F．Evaluate your performance and，if needed，redefine your role.
G．You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
段中设空题
段中设空即主题句的展开句。尤其注意分析空格前后的逻辑关系及内容的连贯性，注意各句间的衔接手段。其特点主要是以转折手法引出主题句，或者是用来承上启下的过渡句，也可能是补充前文的具体事实、事例和说明。
解此类试题时首先应确定所缺的句子是过渡句还是细节句，对于这两类句子，我们将采用不同的方法来解题。
真题体验 (2023·浙江1月)
With gas prices rising and airport security lines snaking longer than ever，why not book your next domestic vacation on a train？Compared to other alternatives，it’s comfortable and relaxing.Here is some advice on how to make a trip by rail as pleasant as possible.
Plan ahead.Most long-distance trains，especially the sleeping car accommodations，sell out very quickly. 36 But no matter when you travel，it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance.
Use a travel agent.Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him double-check all the details，make suggestions，and then handle the actual reservations.A good one can sometimes find you discounted tickets. 37 Then you won’t have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a day for your meals.
Bring a blanket.When you’re riding on trains，you won’t be provided with a blanket for free，even if your trip is an overnight one. 38 In the summer in particular，the air conditioning can make them quite cold.
Arrive early.Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week，so missing yours can be a disaster. 39 Note：The times listed on the schedules are departure times，not arrival times.
Have fun. 40 Read a book，knit，do a crossword puzzle，or simply watch the world unfold outside the window.To calculate your speed as you do，divide 3,600(the number of seconds in an hour)by the number of seconds it takes you to travel one mile(the distance between two mileposts)．If it takes the train 53 seconds to travel one mile，you’re going 67.92 mph.
A．Train trips aren’t for impatient types.
B．You’ll have views from both sides of the train.
C．The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control.
D．That’s particularly true during busy summer months.
E．You might have to wait longer than 24 hours to catch the next one.
F．Chances are the cost will be a lot less than the cost of one bedroom.
G．He may also book you in a sleeping car that’s right next to the diner.
段尾设空题
真题体验 (2023·新课标Ⅰ·片段)
At the top of a second page，put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one，list all the positive things you’ve done for others.It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework，when you did the ironing without being asked，or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. 38
A．A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B．Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C．They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D．It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E．It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F．Whatever it is，no matter how small it might seem，write it down.
G．Whatever the mistake，remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
A
People often throw a party to celebrate a variety of occasions.For example，birthdays，graduations，holidays，the end of the semester，the beginning of summer，and so on.If you have ever thrown a party，you must be aware of the biggest problem of waste. 1 Where does all of this rubbish go It will end up in the landfills.In order to change this situation，it’s important to decrease waste to the most.
2 As a matter of fact，e-invitations are quick，easy，and more modern than traditional paper invites.It’s also the environmentally soundest choice.If there are any people in your crowd who say it’s tacky(俗气的) to use e-cards，tell them it’s tackier to pollute the environment by using traditional ones. 3
Reuse and recycle.Reduce waste by buying party foods(with less packaging) and send guests home with leftover snacks.Use plates you can wash and reuse，rather than hand out disposable paper plates for people’s pizza. 4 Put out two rubbish cans and write something on them clearly，making it obvious that one is for real rubbish and the other is for recycled goods.
Allow each person only one cup.Since everyone has the same cup，it is quite easy to mix up the cups.After you put it down for a second，you can’t recognize which cup belongs to you.Then，you will reach for a totally new one.As the result，after the party，you will find many cups are thrown away，causing a lot of waste. 5
A．That should keep them quiet.
B．Make full use of paper invitations.
C．Send e-invitations instead of paper ones.
D．It’s a good idea to allow guests to take their cups away.
E．You can do something to make it easy for your guests to recycle.
F．Imagine the mess left from all the parties that are held in the world.
G．Try a new system of handing each guest a cup that you mark with their name.
B
(2023·浙江5月模考)
How to Set Goals
Whether you have small dreams or high expectations，setting goals allows you to plan how you want to move through life. 1
Find out your life goals.Ask yourself some important questions about what you want for your life.What do you want to achieve today，in a year，and in your lifetime？The answers to this question can be as general as “I want to be happy” or “I want to help people”． 2
Set specific(具体的) goals.Be specific and realistic about what it is that you want to achieve.Research shows that setting a specific goal makes you more likely to achieve it. 3 For example，“Be healthier” is too big and vague to be a helpful goal.“I want to eat more vegetables，and I want to run a marathon” is better.
Write out your goals.Be detailed，be clear，and include your steps. 4 Keep your list in a place where you can get informed frequently.This will help keep you motivated.
5 You may find yourself set in your ways concerning broad life goals，but take the time to reevaluate your smaller goals.Are you accomplishing them according to your timeline？Are they still necessary to keep you on track towards your larger life goals？Allow yourself the flexibility(灵活性) to make some small changes to your goals.
A．Adjust your goals.
B．Track and measure your progress.
C．Having a plan will help push you ahead.
D．Writing them down tends to make them a little more real.
E．Here are some important ideas that you may find helpful.
F．Consider what you hope to achieve in 10,15，or 20 years.
G．Remember that you may need to break large goals into smaller goals.第2讲 依据线索词汇，巧解七选五阅读
细节线索类的试题要求考生更加注重文章中的细节，比如某个关键的单词或数字等。解答这类试题经常用到的方法有词汇复现法和代词指代法等。
词汇复现法
真题体验 (2023·新课标Ⅰ·片段)
In a journal or on a piece of paper，put the heading “Personal strengths.” 37 Are you caring？Creative？Generous？A good listener？Fun to be around？They don’t have to be world-changing，just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.
A．A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B．Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C．They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D．It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E．It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F．Whatever it is，no matter how small it might seem，write it down.
G．Whatever the mistake，remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
代词指代法
真题体验 (2023·新课标Ⅰ·片段)
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. 39 That way，you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through.In fact，don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
A．A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B．Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C．They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D．It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E．It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F．Whatever it is，no matter how small it might seem，write it down.
G．Whatever the mistake，remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
A
(2023·山东济南一模)
Some of the best road trips are unplanned.You simply grab a few items，jump in a car and set off.However，this approach involves some risk. 1 That’s why the first rule of road trip planning is to bring along whatever you might need to have fun.Some food，a guitar，and a cooler full of drinks can go a long way.
Planning a road trip can be almost as fun as the trip itself.Some well-designed travel guides may be of great help. 2 For the logically-minded，the management of speed，fuel，accommodation and timing details can present a rewarding journey.
3 Highways make it possible to drive across an entire country without seeing anything or meeting anyone.The more you skip freeways in favor of scenic highways，the more you’re likely to get out of your trip.
Once you’ve figured out your plan roughly，fill in the details，and bear in mind that maps and satellite navigation systems are not always up to date. 4 Remember，the more you prepare now，the better equipped you’ll be if you decide to change your trip later or have to deal with an unforeseen problem.
Booking accommodation and having backup plans can make or break a trip，especially if you want to visit some remote byways with limited accommodation opportunities. 5 In some areas，especially the American West，gas stations can be a hundred miles away.
A．You can find this information online.
B．You may end up in a boring part of town.
C．It’s good to take an emergency phone with you.
D．A quick look through them can fuel your inspiration.
E．Research as much as possible and cross-reference your sources.
F．When planning your route，consider what kinds of roads to take.
G．Also，be sure to investigate fuel availability where you’re headed.
B
(2023·广东六校联考)
Playing is a key component in the learning process for virtually all of the children.Role-playing is one of the most significant ways children play. 1 It can benefit children in many ways.
Children’s brains are activated when role-playing，according to child development experts.
2 When children role-play，they must create plans to act out a story and figure out what steps need to be taken to accomplish it.Through these activities，children can enhance their oral language abilities.As a result，they become able to give instructions and organize others.
Children’s social skills can also be developed.Roles are assigned to children when they engage in group activities. 3 When children disagree with each other，they must learn to negotiate and compromise，as well as to apologize when they disagree or have strong arguments.
Besides helping children learn some kinds of skills，role-playing fosters children’s imaginations and can therefore assume a number of forms.For example，boys may pretend to shave like their fathers，while girls may pretend to be mothers to do some daily tasks like caring for young babies. 4
Lastly，role-playing can help children deal with emotional pain caused by specific actions，such as the fear of going to school for the first time. 5 To help their children master their fears，experts encourage parents to let their children role-play and even to participate in these activities with their children.
A．There are leaders and followers.
B．Children might dress up and assume different roles.
C．More often，children may act out stories they read in books.
D．Language skills are some of the most critical aspects of learning.
E．Whether role-playing occurs or not depends on the intentions of the individuals.
F．This involves a child in an activity where he or she pretends to be another person.
G．Role-playing situations like these beforehand can help children lower their fear in reality.
