微技能一 利用三层次突破完形填空
完形填空题不是一般的单项选择题，它要求考生不仅能掌握词语在特定语境中的使用，而且要能理解全文、照顾文章的前后逻辑关系。完形填空经常从三个层面来考查学生对语境的理解能力：对本句话结构和意义的理解；对上下文或句与句之间逻辑关系的理解；对整个语篇结构的理解和把握。因此，考生在做这类题型时，可以从这三个层面理解文本，从而得出正确答案。
层次一 句内层次题
句内层次题指的是解题信息就分布在设空所在的句子中，学生只需读懂句意，利用句子中的提示信息凭语感和常识即可选出答案，做这种类型的题目时可边读边做，复原信息。
真题体验1 (2023·新课标Ⅱ)
After some goodbyes，I asked George and his wife to help me 51 Tiffy into the plane.I promised to take care of Tiffy and 52.call them as soon as we got to Kansas City.
51．A.feed B．follow
C．change D．load
真题体验2 (2023·全国甲)
But when we looked at the tomatoes，we were 46 because they were so misshapen：not at all like the nice，round,47.shiny things you get in a supermarket.
46．A.worried B．moved
C．thrilled D．bored
真题体验3 (2022·新课标Ⅰ)
Some of our 41 are funny，especially from the early years when our children were little.
41.A.ideas B．jokes
C．memories D．discoveries
真题体验4 (2022·新课标Ⅰ)
He was 44 ，and his crying let the whole campground know it.
44．A.unhurt B．unfortunate
C．uncomfortable D．unafraid
真题体验5 (2022·新课标Ⅰ)
The 49 picked up and thunder rolled.
49．A.wind B．noise
C．temperature D．speed
真题体验6 (2022·新课标Ⅱ)
It might sound like one long，expensive 42.vacation，but the couple has an unusual way to make their travel 43 .
43．A.safe B．busy
C．helpful D．affordable
真题体验7 (2022·全国乙)
They often cover only their eyes with their hands，leaving the rest of their bodies 43 .
43．A.exposed B．examined
C．untouched D．imbalanced
层次二 句组层次题
句组层次题指的是解题信息不在设空所在的句子中，而是分布在空格前后的一组意群之中，需要考生“瞻前顾后”，即观察空前句或空后句，联系上下文才能找到解题信息。句组层次题是比句内层次题稍难一级的题目。
真题体验1 (2023·全国乙)
To become the Olympic champion in the individual(个人) all-around event，Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she 41.knew best.She had to 42 her bedroom in Virginia.She had to say 43 to her two dogs and to the beach，where she loved to 44.ride waves on her board.
42．A.take up B．pack up
C．clean up D．do up
43．A.goodbye B．hello
C．thanks D．no
真题体验2 (2022·新课标Ⅱ)
Like many young people，Jessica wants to travel the globe.Unlike most of them，this 25-year-old is doing it 41 .She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world，stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore.
41．A.indoors B．online
C．single-handed D．full-time
真题体验3 (2022·新课标Ⅱ)
But house sitting also offers a level of 49 they can’t find in a hotel.“It’s like 50.staying at a friend’s house，” Jessica says.
49．A.support B．comfort
C．control D．attention
真题体验4 (2022·全国甲)
For many years，I enjoyed living with my dogs，Tilly and Chance.Their 41 was nearly enough to keep my loneliness at bay.
41．A.ownership B．membership
C．companionship D．leadership
真题体验5 (2022·全国甲)
When I first dated Steve，I 43.learned he had a dog，Molly，and a cat，Flora.While I was 44.thrilled that he was an animal lover，I 45.worried that three dogs were perhaps too many，and my dogs might attack 46 ，the cat.
46．A.Flora B．Chance
C．Molly D．Tilly
真题体验6 (2022·浙江6月)
49．Similarly in the workplace，trust is important for strong 50 .It is something that every manager should work hard to 51.develop among their team.
50．A.affection B．determination
C．friendship D．leadership
层次三 语篇层次题
语篇层次题指的是设空处很难在句内或段内找到答案，需要了解整个语篇的脉络才能选定答案，这类题的难度很大，建议不要急于做题，读完整篇文章后，“思前想后”再敲定答案。
真题体验1 (2022·新课标Ⅰ)
My husband，our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.
Some of our 41.memories are funny，especially from the early years when our children were little...
Another time，we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake.The sky was clear when we 47.headed off，but storms move in fast in the mountains，and this one quickly 48.interrupted our peaceful morning trip...
Now，every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage，we are filled with a sense of 54.excitement，wondering what camping fun and 55 we will experience next.
55．A.failure B．adventure
C．performance D．conflict
真题体验2 (2022·浙江6月)
Trust is such an important part of a 43.parent-child relationship that it’s something that can’t 44.afford to lose...
49．Similarly in the workplace，trust is important for strong 50.leadership.It is something that every manager should work hard to 51.develop among their team...Good 55 ，like good parenting，is a long-term commitment.
55．A.management B．personality
C．communication D．education 完形填空主要考查考生在阅读理解的基础上运用词汇和语法的能力。在一篇230词左右的短文中留出15个空白，要求考生从每题所给的四个选项中选出正确选项，使补全后的短文意思通顺，前后连贯，结构完整。
新课程标准要求考生能在语境中理解具体词语的功能、内涵和外延以及使用者的意图和态度；能理解语篇中特定语言的使用意图以及语言在反映情感态度和价值观方面所起的作用。
卷别 年份 体裁 话题 题目类型 高考动向
名词 动词 形容词 副词 介词 连词 感叹词 习语
新课标Ⅰ 2023 记叙文 越野赛跑中救助受伤对手 8 5 2 0 0 0 0 0 1.设题规律 以动词、名词为主，其次是形容词、副词。着重考查考生的词汇运用能力、阅读理解能力、分析判断能力、逻辑推理能力和跨文化交际能力。 2.选材特点 主题语境包括人与自我、人与自然和人与社会，选材原汁原味，语言地道，充满正能量，倡导至真至善至美的价值观，在具体语境中考查英语核心素养。
2022 记叙文 难忘的野营经历 5 5 3 1 1 0 0 0
2021 记叙文 在烘焙厂做临时工 4 9 2 0 0 0 0 0
新课标Ⅱ 2023 记叙文 帮助别人用飞机运输宠物狗 3 7 4 1 0 0 0 0
2022 记叙文 当看房人环球旅游 7 4 3 1 0 0 0 0
2021 记叙文 一名优秀警察的故事 7 6 2 0 0 0 0 0
综合分析近年来高考完形填空，考查以记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主，说明文和议论文出现频率较低。主题语境包括人与自我、人与社会及人与自然。语篇内容积极向上，注重五育并举，落实立德树人。命题侧重考查学生对语篇中的上下文衔接关系、行文逻辑等的理解及综合运用能力。备考时应注重结合高考语篇特点，了解命题规律，熟悉常见的解题技法。本专题将结合不同的体裁，分别就不同的解题技法进行点拨。
第1讲 记叙文
记叙文完形填空可分为叙事和记人两种形式，它们有几个显著的特点：以一般过去时为主，其他时态为辅；大量使用动词；适当出现直接引语。做题时要注意以下几点：
解题要领 要领解读
抓住文章中心 中心思想有助于明确做题方向，提高针对性。文章题目揭示中心思想；如无题目，关注文章开头结尾，尤其是议论抒情的语句，也可抓住文章的中心。
明确叙述角度 在做题时考生可采用“角色渗透法”，这样有助于走进作者的思维，深入理解文章的含义。
理清写作顺序 记叙文的写作顺序包括顺叙、倒叙、插叙、补叙、分叙，理清写作顺序有助于了解事件发展的来龙去脉，从而更迅速、准确地理解文意。
明确写作要素 弄清记叙文的六要素，5W1H，即时间(when)，地点(where)，人物(who)，事件(what)，原因(why)，结果(how)，明确这些写作要素，就基本上抓住了文章的主体。
洞悉写作目的 写作目的是借助叙事、写人或写景来阐明一个道理，给人以启迪或教益。
典例导入 (2023·新课标Ⅰ)
On Oct.11，hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota.Melanie Bailey should have 41 the course earlier than she did.Her 42 came because she was carrying a 43 across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper，Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her 44 when a runner in front of her began crying in pain.She 45 to help her fellow runner，Danielle Lenoue.Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with 46 .She couldn’t.Bailey then 47 to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line，then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get 48 attention.
Once there，Lenoue was 49 and later taken to a hospital，where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees.She would have struggled with extreme 50 to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help.
As for Bailey，she is more 51 about why her act is considered a big 52 .“She was just crying.I couldn’t 53 her，” Bailey told the reporter.“I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”
Although the two young women were strangers before the 54 ，they’ve since become friends.Neither won the race，but the 55 of human kindness won the day.
41．A.designed B．followed
C．changed D．finished
42．A.delay B．chance
C．trouble D．excuse
43．A.judge B．volunteer
C．classmate D．competitor
44．A.race B．school
C．town D．training
45．A.agreed B．returned
C．stopped D．promised
46．A.courage B．aid
C．patience D．advice
47．A.went away B．stood up
C．stepped aside D．bent down
48．A.medical B．public
C．constant D．equal
49．A.interrupted B．assessed
C．identified D．appreciated
50．A.hunger B．pain
C．cold D．tiredness
51．A.worried B．ashamed
C．confused D．discouraged
52．A.game B．problem
C．lesson D．deal
53．A.leave B．cure
C．bother D．understand
54．A.ride B．test
C．meet D．show
55．A.secret B．display
C．benefit D．exchange
文本分析
中心思想 文章讲述了在明尼苏达州举行的一次越野赛跑中，Melanie Bailey背着另一名参赛者Danielle Lenoue冲过终点线并接受医疗检查的善行义举。
写作要素 When：On Oct.11 Where：a cross-country race in Minnesota Who：Melanie Bailey & Danielle Lenoue What：Bailey helped injured Lenoue in a cross-country race. Why：She was just crying.I couldn’t leave her. How：Bailey carried Lenoue all the way to the finish line.
写作目的 文章体现了“人与社会”的主题语境，赞扬了团结互助的体育精神。
重首句，易入题
完形填空的题眼往往出现在文章的开头。通过把握首句，可以确定文章的主题、背景、人物、时间、地点、事件等，从而把握文章的发展方向，达到顺利“入题”的目的。本文第一句交代了故事发生的时间“On Oct.11”、人物“hundreds of runners”、地点“in Minnesota”和事件“a cross-country race”，由此可推知下文可能要讲述主人公在越野赛跑中的经历。
真题体验 (2021·新课标Ⅰ)
My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.
My best friend Betsy’s father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time, 41.made little bunny(兔子) cakes for all its 42.stores throughout Cleveland.It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for 43 help during our spring break，for which I had no 44.plans beyond listening to my favorite records.I’d 45 minimum wage.I’d see how a factory 46 .My parents thought all of this was a grand idea and called Betsy’s dad with their 47.permission.
43．A.generous B．financial
C．technical D．temporary
45．A.offer B．earn
C．set D．suggest
46．A.worked B．closed
C．developed D．survived
寻复现，找答案
在高考完形填空中，命题人往往通过原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、同源词复现、反义词复现、上下词复现等方式重现已经出现过的词汇。做题时，在把握语篇、透析语境的前提下，应留心选项中是否有与上下文相对应的词汇，运用词汇复现技巧快速锁定答案。常见的词汇复现方式如下：
(1)原词复现——在上下文中同一词汇重复出现
原词复现是指一个单词在一个语义场中以同样的词形反复出现，有时兼有词形变化。如上文中44题的race是文章第一句中的race的原词复现。
真题体验1 (2023·全国乙)
“I’m going to inspire so many people，” she said.“I’m ready to 60 .” And shine she did.
60．A.shine B．fly
C．dance D．score
(2)同根词复现——词形变化的词汇复现
同根词复现是指文中的某个句子中复现了所填词的派生词。这类题首先要求考生在平时的学习中掌握基本的构词法和基本词缀，其次是要能在上下文中找出相应的线索。如上文中43题的competitor是上文中compete的同根词复现。
真题体验2 (2023·新课标Ⅱ)
It just 44.happened that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot，Karen，who 45.offered to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia.What I was to do was fly to Topeka to 46.pick up Tiffy.
...
The flight was 53.uneventful，and Tiffy was a great passenger.The next day，she 54 with Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days.He was so 55.thankful and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures.It felt great to know that I had helped bring this family together again.
54．A.returned B．fought
C．flew D．agreed
(3)同/近义词复现——意思相同、相近的表达方式或者解释性的词汇复现
同/近义词复现是指上下文中的某个甚至是多个句子出现了所填词的同/近义词，对所填词所在的句子起到了诠释或照应的作用。
真题体验3 (2023·全国乙)
To become the Olympic champion in the individual(个人) all-around event，Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she 41.knew best...Even at 14，Douglas knew that.So she 47 about 1,200 miles away from home，to 48.train with a coach from China.
47．A.dropped out B．moved on
C．pulled over D．went off
真题体验4 (2022·浙江1月)
Eventually，Ms Burdeyney learned about plans for an eye research 43 at Tel Aviv University in Israel...Ms Burdeyney began raising 46.money for the project with a friend，Toronto businessman Meyer Zeifman.
43．A.course B．program
C．paper D．conference
(4)反义词复现——意思相反或对比性解释的词汇复现
反义词复现是指上下文中的某个句子与所填词所在的句子表达了相反的意思，在原句和复现句之间常有but，however，or，while等词进行连接，表达相反或相对的含义。
真题体验5 (2023·新课标Ⅱ)
When I met Tiffy’s owners，they seemed very 47 .George，the husband，was trying to be calm，but I could tell this was 48.hard for him，having to leave his dog to a 49.stranger and trust that everything would 50.work out.
47．A.confused B．nervous
C．annoyed D．curious
(5)同场词汇复现——意义相关的词汇复现
意义相关的词汇复现在同一语篇中，构成以某一话题为中心的词汇链，因其共同出现的倾向性，被称为“同场”词汇。比如：ears与hear/listen to；ill，pale，nurse，doctor和operation等。
真题体验6 (2022·全国乙)
We brought young children aged 2－4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.Each 47.child sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 48 .We then asked the child if she could 49 or hear the adult.Surprisingly，children replied that they couldn’t.The same 50.thing happened when the adult covered her own mouth：51.Now children said that they couldn’t 52 to her.
48．A.feet B．nose
C．hands D．ears
49．A.see B．help
C．reach D．fool
52．A.speak B．listen
C．turn D．wave
看语境，辨词义
语境就是指文章的上下文，着重考查考生根据上下文提供的信息进行分析、推理、判断的能力。考生要通过上下文的提示或暗示，对文章进行整体把握。因此，在做题时要有全局观念，开头的题目要从下文找答案，中间或最后的题目要从上下文查找信息。即使考查词组，也是在理解语境前提下的词义复现。近几年的高考真题更侧重于考生对具体语境的把握，尤其是对整篇文章语义的理解能力。所设选项中，三个干扰项不一定是错误的，而是不符合所在语篇语言环境的特点，因此突出了语境化和整体性，主要涉及时间、地点、方向、情感、动作等。如上文的第41、42、45、46、47、48、49、50、51、52、53、54、55题是通过分析上下文语境得知答案的。
(1)根据上文提示
真题体验1 (2023·新课标Ⅰ)
As reported by a local newspaper，Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her 44.race when a runner in front of her began crying in pain.She 45.stopped to help her fellow runner，Danielle Lenoue.Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with 46 .She couldn’t.
46．A.courage B．aid
C．patience D．advice
(2)根据下文提示
真题体验2 (2023·新课标Ⅱ)
They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight 41 .They could not afford to pay for 42.transportation for their dog，Tiffy，and 43.desperately wanted to take her with them.
41．A.turn B．budget
C．schedule D．connection
(2023·广东二模)
Every August，teams with players about 10 years old play baseball across the US.Their aim is to become Little League 1 .In this year’s game，Isaiah Jarvis，a Little League batter(击球手)， 2 the pitcher(投球手)，Kaiden Shelton，who threw a baseball that hit him in the head.The 3 scene brought tears to the eyes of the crowd in the stadium.
On August 7th，Kaiden Shelton，from Texas， 4 Isaiah Jarvis，from Oklahoma，at the plate.With two strikes against Isaiah，Kaiden 5 lost control of his pitch.The ball hit Isaiah in his helmet，sending him to the ground.The field staff immediately 6 him and found him to be OK.He decided to remain in the 7 .Yet Kaiden，the pitcher，appeared to be 8 .
Isaiah called a timeout upon seeing his 9 battling emotions.He calmly walked toward Kaiden and gave him a big hug，trying to 10 him.“Hey，you’re doing just great.” Kaiden later shared with NBC News，“These 11 words from him really helped me.”
A video of the moment was posted online and attracted more than 6.5 million views.Danny Graves，a sports announcer，said Isaiah’ s 12 was the best thing he had ever seen in Little League baseball.
The Texas team won the game 9-4 to 13 to the Little League World Series.And Isaiah was also 14 to the game to celebrate its 75th anniversary.The pair told NBC News they think their newfound 15 will last beyond any tournament.
1．A.candidates B．volunteers
C．champions D．reporters
2．A.replaced B．hugged
C．challenged D．identified
3．A.embarrassing B．confusing
C．amusing D．touching
4．A.faced B．saved
C．assisted D．needed
5．A.possibly B．suddenly
C．gradually D．nearly
6．A.attended to B．appealed to
C．referred to D．objected to
7．A.video B．celebration
C．game D．tournament
8．A.disappointed B．annoyed
C．surprised D．panicked
9．A.partner B．opponent
C．coach D．fan
10．A.protect B．rescue
C．comfort D．instruct
11．A.powerful B．typical
C．familiar D．contradictory
12．A.strength B．sportsmanship
C．generosity D．politeness
13．A.apply B．return
C．connect D．head
14．A.linked B．admitted
C．invited D．selected
15．A.friendship B．popularity
C．wealth D．freedom第2讲 夹叙夹议文
常用以下方法来解此类型试题：
解题要领 要领解读
分析结构，抓住作者的观点 借助文章结构，即事例→观点，观点→事例，观点→事例→观点，体会记叙和议论的关系，抓住作者的观点，明确文章的组织方式。看文章属于上述哪种结构，从而明白作者的写作思路。
重视首句，把握文章主题 首句往往是文章的关键句、引题句或主题句。通过首句可以初步判断文章的写作中心，为全面理解文章打开一扇“窗户”。
叙议兼顾，理解议论内涵 夹叙夹议文中叙与议是一个有机的整体，叙是议的基础，而议是叙的升华。在读这类文章时，掌握议论部分的内容是关键，因为叙述是为作者的议论而服务的。所以只有把故事和哲理联系起来，再结合对人物心理和行为的描述，全面把握文章才能正确解题。
抓住转换，理清逻辑关系 抓住记叙与议论的转换，及时调整思维方式，理清上下文之间的逻辑关系，在充分把握语境的基础上，辨析词语，进一步把握作者的观点、态度，找到正确答案。
典例导入 (2020·天津5月改编)
For the past ten years，my dad and I have attended the same school—he as an administrator and I as a student.Our relationship，in and out of school，has been totally unpredictable.
When I was younger，all that my dad said was doctrine(信条) and anything he did I， 1 ，copied.As I grew older，we were not as 2 as we used to be.He wasn’t cool anymore.He listened to 3 country music and laughed too loudly in front of my friends.He became a total embarrassment.
However，the 4 that occurred in school were even worse.This 5 continued into high school，but we somehow began to find a balance.Things started to 6 around the time of my 10th-grade physics project.The 7 was to build a wood bridge with the best strength-to-weight ratio(比率)．All the students and physics teachers 8 .So did my dad，the only administrator! Embarrassed，as usual，I 9 the scene. 10 ，later when I learned from my friends that my dad defeated all competitors and won everyone’s admiration，I found that mixed in with my 11 was a touch of pride.
I had needed someone else to show me what I 12 in my dad.It wasn’t the fact that he’d won；it was more than that.I began to 13 many of the same values and sometimes the same opinions that we have.
I feel 14 to have such an unusual father.The 15 I have developed with my dad over the years has enabled me to look back and see how I’ve grown.
1．A.temporarily B．naturally
C．originally D．passively
2．A.close B．reliable
C．generous D．confident
3．A.creative B．familiar
C．horrible D．live
4．A.failures B．coincidences
C．competitions D．disasters
5．A.debate B．party
C．progress D．struggle
6．A.happen B．change
C．grow D．disappear
7．A.issue B．task
C．lesson D．procedure
8．A.participated B．protested
C．hesitated D．explored
9．A.fled B．investigated
C．pictured D．made
10．A.Instead B．Otherwise
C．Therefore D．However
11．A.confusion B．encouragement
C．embarrassment D．fascination
12．A.recommended B．tolerated
C．doubted D．appreciated
13．A.be aware of B．call for
C．argue for D．bring about
14．A.puzzled B．fortunate
C．concerned D．awkward
15．A.strategy B．habit
C．relationship D．potential
文本分析
中心思想 作者与父亲的关系的演变见证了作者的成长。
叙述角度 第一人称
语篇结构 事例→观点
写作要素 my dad；I；younger；grew older；high school；10th-grade physics project；a touch of pride；an unusual father
写作目的 体现了“人与自我——积极的生活态度”的主题
析逻辑，索答案
语篇是由一些意义相关的句子根据一定的逻辑关系组织起来的语义整体。逻辑关系隐藏在句子中、句与句之间以及段落间的衔接中，体现作者的写作思路和篇章意义，是贯穿整篇文章的主线。完形填空中的任何一道题该选哪个选项，在文中必有依据。因此，解答完形填空最基本的方法就是根据空格前后所提供的信息或上下文之间的逻辑关系，由已知部分推断出未知部分，做出符合逻辑的判断。上文第10题可根据对立关系解题。
下面是完形填空中主要考查的七大逻辑关系：
(1)对立关系
对立关系包括让步、对比和转折关系，常见的标志词和短语有：but，however，yet(然而，但是)，on the contrary(相反)，by contrast(相比之下)，unfortunately，although，even though，while(虽然，然而)，nevertheless(然而，不过)，whereas(然而)，in spite of(尽管)，regardless of(不管，不顾)，anyhow(不管怎样)，after all(毕竟)，instead of(而不是)，rather than(而不是)，not...but...，otherwise(否则)，or else，to the opposite(相反)，compared with等。
真题体验1 (2023·新课标Ⅱ)
When I met Tiffy’s owners，they seemed very 47.nervous.George，the husband，was trying to be calm，but I could tell this was 48 for him，having to leave his dog to a 49.stranger and trust that everything would 50.work out.
48．A.hard B．fine
C．common D．lucky
真题体验2 (2023·全国甲)
Mario’s wine may have been cloudy and come out of an old bottle，but it was 57 .
57．A.perfect B．useful
C．convenient D．familiar
(2)并列和递进关系
并列和递进关系常用的标志词和短语有：and，even，or，neither...nor...，not only...but (also)．..，similarly等。
真题体验3 (2019·北京)
The students who he’s 15.driven have gone on to become physicians，teachers and engineers，but what they’ve also got out of their time in school is finding a role model and a friend in Wilson.Some students 16 call him “Grandpa”．
16．A.even B．ever
C．once D．already
真题体验4 (2022·全国甲)
A year later，much to my 58.delight，this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me.He did not kneel(跪) down，nor did I 59 him to.That’s only for giving 60.water to the dogs that brought us together.
59．A.beg B．trust
C．need D．aid
(3)目的和因果关系
目的和因果关系常用的标志词和短语有：because，for，since，as(因为)，thus(因此)，hence(因此)，therefore，so，so...that，such...that，in order that，in case，consequently(因此)，accordingly，due to，thanks to，on account of(由于，因为)，because of，seeing that(由于，因为)，in that(因为)，now that，as a result，for this reason等。
真题体验5 (2021·浙江)
My mother was so 51.touched by her gesture that she decided to go back to the store and give the cashier(收银员) a five-dollar bill to keep on hand 52 the same happened to someone else if they didn’t have enough 53.money for all of their groceries.
52．A.in case B．even if
C．as though D．so that
(4)条件关系
条件关系常用的标志词和短语有：if，unless，whether，supposing，on condition that，provided that，depending on等。
经典体验6
As you mark off another “Earth Day” in your calendars，content that for at least 24 hours I remained in your thoughts，I wanted to remind you that I am sick.I’m frightened that 1 I can’t soon receive the appropriate medicine and care I need，my illness will become terminal beyond all cures.
1．A.when B．though
C．if D．unless
(5)时间关系
时间关系常用的标志词和短语有：before，since，as(随着)，until，meanwhile，at the moment，when，whenever，as soon as等。
真题体验7 (2020·江苏)
For him，it was one thing to 49.accept his own fate of being blind and quite another to allow something to continue 50 it could be fixed so easily.This moved him to action.
50．A.until B．when
C．unless D．before
(6)层次和顺序关系
层次和顺序关系常用的标志词和短语有：besides，finally，first，firstly，further，eventually，in the first place，last，next，second，secondly，third，thirdly，to begin with，to start with，on the one hand...on the other (hand)．..等。
真题体验8 (2023·浙江1月)
I 44.followed beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle.Ziyad began preparations.He 45.gathered handfuls of damp tree leaves，wrapped them with string，and 46.lit the bunch to create a torch(火把)．Then，with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree，Ziyad began 47.climbing.He stopped every few minutes to move the 48.rope higher up the tree trunk.
49 ，Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground.
49．A.Finally B．Surprisingly
C．Naturally D．Immediately
(7)例证关系
例证关系常用的标志词和短语有：all in all，altogether，in brief，in sum，in conclusion，in short，in summary，on the whole，to sum up，to summarize，as a proof，as an example，for example，for instance，to name but a few，in particular，just as，namely，such as，that is，as to，say(比方说)等。
经典体验9
“I hope this method would be put into practice in the near future， 1 in the next 10 years，” he says.
1．A.imagine B．say
C．suppose D．consider
据搭配，知答案
完形填空中，有时会涉及短语，以动词短语为主，偶见介词短语等。解题时，可以通过仔细观察和回忆所学知识，进行有效推断，选择正确答案。上文第13题便是依据搭配确定答案的。
真题体验1 (2023·新课标 Ⅰ)
Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with 46.aid.She couldn’t.Bailey then 47 to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line，then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get 48.medical attention.
47．A.went away B．stood up
C．stepped aside D．bent down
真题体验2 (2023·全国乙)
To become the Olympic champion in the individual(个人) all-around event，Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she 41.knew best.She had to 42 her bedroom in Virginia.
42．A.take up B．pack up
C．clean up D．do up
重平行，觅逻辑
文章中的意群总是通过一定的逻辑关系连在一起，特别是并列平行的结构。这些结构要么通过标点符号体现，要么通过并列连词连接。一般来说，这些平行结构所表达的语境是一致的，考生解题时要特别注意这一点。
真题体验 (2023·浙江1月)
I 44.followed beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle.Ziyad began preparations.He 45 handfuls of damp tree leaves，wrapped them with string，and 46 the bunch to create a torch(火把)．
45．A.gathered B．cleaned
C．dropped D．checked
46．A.shook B．lit
C．measured D．decorated
(2023·山东济宁二模 )
One summer night in a seaside cottage，a small boy was in bed，sound asleep.Suddenly，he felt himself 1 from bed and carried in his father’s arms onto the beach.Overhead was the clear starry sky.“Watch！” As his father spoke， 2 ，one of the stars moved.It 3 across the sky like a golden fire.And before the 4 of this could fade，another star leapt from its place，then another...
“What is it？” the child asked in 5 .
“Shooting stars.They 6 every year on a certain night in August.”
That was all：just an 7 encounter of something magic and beautiful.But，back in bed，the child stared into the dark，with mind full of the falling stars.
I was the 8 seven-year-old boy whose father believed that a new experience 9 more for a small boy than an unbroken night’s sleep.
That night，my father opened a door for his child，leading him into an area of splendid 10 .Children are naturally curious，but they need someone to 11 them.This art of adding new dimensions to a child’s world doesn’t 12 require a great deal of time.It simply 13 doing things more often with children instead of for them or to them.Good parents know this：The most precious gift they can give a child is to spark their flame of 14 .
That night is still deeply 15 in my memory.Next year，when August comes with its shooting stars，my son will be seven.
1．A.hidden B．robbed
C．lifted D．kicked
2．A.incredibly B．sadly
C．apparently D．actually
3．A.exploded B．circled
C．spread D．flashed
4．A.success B．wonder
C．exhibition D．discovery
5．A.amazement B．horror
C．relief D．delight
6．A.blow up B．turn up
C．show off D．give out
7．A.uncomfortable B．unbearable
C．undetected D．unexpected
8．A.good B．fortunate
C．determined D．chosen
9．A.worked B．mattered
C．deserved D．proved
10．A.newness B．emptiness
C．freedom D．innovation
11．A.protect B．challenge
C．guide D．believe
12．A.absolutely B．basically
C．possibly D．necessarily
13．A.involves B．risks
C．admits D．resists
14．A.hope B．curiosity
C．faith D．wisdom
15．A.trapped B．set
C．lost D．rooted微技能二 归纳巧记完形填空中的熟词生义
历年高考英语试卷中，“熟词生义”现象经常出现。很多考生由于不懂这些熟词的“生义”而出现思维堵塞，造成了不应有的失分。下面精选了近三年高考完形填空和各地模拟题中一些具有代表性的熟词生义，以帮助考生熟悉其命题特点，从而跳出命题人设置的词汇“陷阱”。
经典例句 熟义 生义
1 (2023·新课标Ⅰ)On Oct.11，hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota.Melanie Bailey should have finished the course earlier than she did. 课程 赛道
2 (2023·新课标Ⅰ)Although the two young women were strangers before the meet，they’ve since become friends. 遇见 体育比赛
3 (2023·新课标Ⅰ)Neither won the race，but the display of human kindness won the day. 陈列，展览 (特性、情感或能力的)显示；表露
4 (2023·新课标Ⅱ)George，the husband，was trying to be calm，but I could tell this was hard for him，having to leave his dog to a stranger and trust that everything would work out. 告诉 看出；确切地判断
5 (2023·全国乙)The Chinese coach transformed Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the world，helping her skyrocket from an average member of the national team to the top of the sport. 平均的 普通的，平常的
6 (2023·全国乙)As time went by，she thought more and more that she could make the London Games—and win. 做，制造 成功获得或达到(某一位置、速度等)
7 (2023·全国乙)“I’m going to inspire so many people，” she said.“I’m ready to shine.” And shine she did. 照耀，发光 出色；出类拔萃
8 (2023·全国甲)And the wine was cloudy，in a funny old bottle with no label(标签) on it. 多云的 (液体)不透明的，浑浊的
9 (2022·新课标Ⅰ)So instead of tying him up，I just kept a close eye on him.It worked—he didn’t end up in the creek.My three-year-old，however，did. 工作 奏效，起作用
10 (2022·浙江1月)Ms Burdeyney added that she was hoping to do more for the research project.“I just want to bring light into people’s eyes and this is just the beginning.There is still a long way to go.” 增加 补充说
11 (2021·全国乙)And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different grades of gratitude. 年级 等级；品级
12 (2021·全国甲)The seagulls immediately went wild. 野生的 疯狂的
13 (2021·浙江1月)Needless to say，I suffered a lot.But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I survived. 幸存 熬过；挺过
14 (2021·浙江6月)Unless I have to be out of town，each week I take my mother to do her shopping and visit the doctor，providing company and transportation. 公司 陪伴
15 (2021·浙江6月)Last week she walked up to the store，but when she went to pay for her groceries，she was short about three dollars. 短的 不足的；缺乏的
16 (2021·浙江6月)My mother was so touched by her gesture that she decided to go back to the store and give the cashier(收银员) a five-dollar bill to keep on hand... 触摸 使感动
17 (2021·天津3月)Beyond simply satisfying a material need，he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes. 在……的那边；超过 除……以外
18 (2020·北京)I believe this was a perfect lesson for a child in losing something important... 功课 教训
19 (2020·天津7月)Then he hung a colorful sign on each of the benches that read：“HAPPY TO CHAT”． 阅读；朗读 写着
20 She had returned to offer me a lift to the hospital. 电梯 搭便车
21 Days later，we made an offer—far below the asking price.Surprisingly，they didn’t laugh at us.They renewed their offer instead. 提供 报价；出价
22 He paused for just a second，walked into the water to set the table and take their order，and then walked back to the loud cheers of the rest of his customers. 命令；顺序 (客人所写的) 点菜单
23 I was just going to call the police for help when I saw a strange figure dressed in strange orange clothes. 数字；图形 人影
24 To voice his views on modern art. 嗓音 表达；吐露
25 The language use is good and the main points are covered. 覆盖 包括
26 Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year. 进入 参赛作品
27 Suddenly，he sprang to his feet and cried，“I have a great idea！” 春天 跳；跃
28 Then came my tweens and teens，and mean girls and cool kids. 意思是 不善良的，刻薄的
29 Now I donate any change I have to charity tins and enjoy the feeling of giving. 变化 零钱第3讲 说明文
说明文是对事物的特征、本质、性能、状态、用途、原理或事物的发生、发展、结果等进行介绍、解释、说明的一种文体。与记叙文相比，说明文类完形填空的时态多用一般现在时，其语言简练、平实、准确，常采用客观描述，其主题明确，层次分明。高考说明文类完形填空往往在文章的开头就点明说明对象，从而为同学们把握文章主题提供了有利条件。而且，作者借助合理的说明顺序展开文章，使文章结构清晰，层次分明。
解题要领 内容解读
明确说明对象，理清段落关系。 通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面对其加以说明的。在阅读过程中要概括、总结每一段说明的侧重点，理清各段之间的关系，加深对说明对象的理解。
弄清说明顺序，把握作者态度。 在说明的过程中作者会选择合理的说明顺序对说明对象进行解释说明。把握了说明顺序就能准确把握文章的脉络，加深对整篇文章的理解。常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序(如因果关系、果因关系、先主后次等)和认识顺序(如由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质等)。另外，在理清作者思路的基础上，还要注意反映作者态度的关键词或关键句，把握作者的写作情感和意图。
典例导入 (2022·全国乙改编)
Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.For them，there’s something highly exciting about 1 someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be seen.
But we witness preschool children are remarkably 2 at hiding.They often cover only their eyes with their hands，leaving the rest of their bodies 3 .
For a long time，this ineffective hiding method was 4 as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric”(自我中心的) creatures.But our surprising research results in child developmental psychology 5 that idea.
We brought children aged 2－4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.Each 6 sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 7 .We then asked the child if she could 8 or hear the adult.Surprisingly，children replied they couldn’t.
A number of 9 ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked.The results were clear：Our young subjects 10 the questions and knew exactly what was asked of them.Their 11 to the questions reflected their true 12 that “I can see you only if you can see me，too.” They simply 13 mutual(相互的) recognition and regard.Our 14 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head，it’s not a result of egocentrism.Actually children consider this method 15 when others use it.
1．A.following B．taking
C．escaping D．directing
2．A.clever B．bad
C．scared D．quick
3．A.exposed B．examined
C．untouched D．imbalanced
4．A.supported B．guaranteed
C．imagined D．interpreted
5．A.explained B．confirmed
C．contradicted D．tested
6．A.parent B．child
C．researcher D．doctor
7．A.feet B．nose
C．hands D．ears
8．A.see B．help
C．reach D．fool
9．A.instructions B．descriptions
C．experiments D．assumptions
10．A.comprehended B．predicted
C．explored D．ignored
11．A.responses B．approaches
C．contribution D．sensitivity
12．A.ability B．belief
C．identity D．purpose
13．A.hold back B．relate to
C．insist on D．make up
14．A.limitations B．requirements
C．theories D．findings
15．A.tentative B．impressive
C．creative D．effective
文本分析
中心思想 通过实验证明孩子们玩捉迷藏时只遮住自己的眼睛并不是自我中心主义的结果，而是孩子们坚持相互承认与尊重。
写作要素 young children，hide and seek，cover，exposed，contradict that idea，experiments，results，mutual recognition，effective
写作目的 文章展现的主题语境为“人与自我”，主题语境内容为“认识自我”。
依常识，定答案
完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己掌握的生活常识和文化背景知识，巧妙地加以运用，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地做出正确判断。
(1)生活常识
真题体验1 (2023·浙江1月)
Here，in south-east Ethiopia，hand-carved beehives(蜂箱)are placed in the 42.treetops.Reaching them to get the honey is difficult—and often 43 .
43．A.urgent B．dangerous
C．expensive D．pointless
真题体验2 (2023·全国甲)
It’s good to eat things at the correct time，when they’re 58 ，and as close as possible to where they were 59 .
58．A.on view B．on sale
C．in season D．in need
59．A.finished B．stored
C．found D．grown
(2)文化背景
真题体验3 (天津)
Roberta appeared on the stage.She took a deep breath and began to 16.speak.Now she was Portia，a strong-willed 17 in Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice.The theatre was filled with people.She was speaking with a power she had never before experienced，the words flowing 18.smoothly from her.
17．A.member B．actress
C．player D．character
破难句，解句意
完形填空的说明文中会出现一些长句或难句，而它们往往会影响一些答案的选择。这时就要在理解上下文逻辑关系的基础上有针对性地对句子结构、句子特点进行分析，准确理解句意，明确所填选项在句中的语法功能，从而做出正确判断。第1、4、14题便是长难句。
真题体验 (2023·新课标Ⅱ)
George，the husband，was trying to be calm，but I could tell this was 48 for him，having to leave his dog to a 49 and trust that everything would 50 .
48．A.hard B．fine
C．common D．lucky
49．A.co-worker B．passenger
C．stranger D．neighbor
50．A.speed up B．work out
C．come back D．take off
(2023·河北邯郸一模)
The term “the imaginary audience” was invented by American child psychologist David Elkind in 1967.It is defined as an adolescent’s psychological state 1 by the belief that people around are eagerly watching or listening to him or her.This is because 2 are aware of the physical changes occurring in their bodies.And they are 3 concerned with how everyone is 4 these changes.
The 5 of the imaginary audience are common.Teens would repeatedly change their clothes to look 6 to others.Or they would follow different ongoing 7 that may help them fit into society.If wearing checkered shirts and jeans is the current fashion，teens would dress like that just to give a good 8 on their imaginary audiences.Teens also worry about the 9 mistakes they make in social settings.A blackhead could make an adolescent girl 10 all day as she feels that she is being watched and judged.However，in reality，there are only a small percentage of people who are actually interested in how somebody else 11 .
Though “the imaginary audience” is considered to be a 12 ，it is a natural process in which an adolescent tries to better understand his or her association with the world.As an individual’s perception of the world 13 ，he or she will gain more 14 viewpoints on his or her roles among people，rather than imaginary ones.Thus，the effects of imaginary audiences will gradually 15 .
1．A.misled B．held
C．driven D．characterize
2．A.adults B．teenagers
C．elders D．professors
3．A.suddenly B．gradually
C．strongly D．randomly
4．A.viewing B．facing
C．accepting D．making
5．A.causes B．requirements
C．examples D．results
6．A.strange B．plain
C．sweet D．smart
7．A.events B．trends
C．tips D．principles
8．A.comment B．assessment
C．instruction D．impression
9．A.severest B．biggest
C．fastest D．slightest
10．A.sleep B．relax
C．sweat D．laugh
11．A.sounds B．feels
C．smells D．looks
12．A.disorder B．relief
C．pity D．blessing
13．A.reduces B．shows
C．works D．matures
14．A.narrow B．permanent
C．realistic D．personal
15．A.run out B．fade away
C．set in D．come back第4讲 议论文
议论文是高考完形填空较难的一种文体，一般由三个要素组成：论点、论据、结论。论点和论据形成一体，相互印证。有时作者为了使文章脉络清晰、行文流畅，会使用一些过渡词，如：on the contrary，all in all，in short，generally speaking，worse still，on the other hand，in conclusion，as a consequence等。做题时要注意以下几点：
解题要领 内容解读
首句制胜，论点明确 议论文完形填空的首句常常是文章的主旨句。作者一般在文章的首段提出论点，然后在各段的首句提出分论点。
不同的论点提出方式 ①开门见山地提出论点，然后再通过具体的论据去证明论点，论据有时候既有正面的论据，也有反面的论据，最后总结全文。②导入式提出论点。先通过叙述生活中的一件具体的事情或描述生活中的现象，然后根据事情或现象所反映的问题提出自己的论点，再用具体的论据去证明自己的论点。③最后提出论点。有些议论文一开始作者仅仅是列举生活中的现象，不表明自己的观点，而是通过对具体现象的分析，最后得出一个结论。
关注尾段 尾段通常照应论点。
典例导入 (2022·浙江6月改编)
Small children are easy to throw up in the air and catch—and they love it.“Again，Daddy，again！”Jacky shouts as I throw him skywards and catch him on the way back down again.His trust in me is 1 ，which is quite a nice feeling，but at the same time gives me a huge sense of 2 .
I hope Jacky will always trust me fully，but I know that，as he gets 3 ，it will need more effort and sound judgment on my part.Trust is such an important part of a 4 relationship that it’s something that can’t 5 to lose.Every time I introduce Jacky to something new，he’ll do it only because he trusts me and feels 6 in the knowledge that he won’t get hurt. 7 ，teaching Jacky to swim means he has to 8 that，when he’s swimming in the big pool，I’ll come to his rescue if his doggy paddle lets him down.
9 in the workplace，trust is important for strong 10 .It is something that every manager should work hard to 11 among their team.If people don’t trust you，they’re unlikely to 12 your directions and willingly become a loyal(忠诚) team member.A 13 of trust can make people work against you rather than for you.At the very least，it means that people are not going to be 14 you their best.Good 15 ，like good parenting，is a long-term commitment.
1．A.reasonable B．limited
C．absolute D．important
2．A.relief B．satisfaction
C．achievement D．responsibility
3．A.older B．busier
C．quieter D．healthier
4．A.long-distance B．high-risk
C．parent-child D．teacher-student
5．A.afford B．choose
C．wait D．expect
6．A.safe B．happy
C．proud D．grateful
7．A.Above all B．In addition
C．At first D．For example
8．A.admit B．believe
C．suggest D．imagine
9．A.However B．Therefore
C．Similarly D．Fortunately
10．A.affection B．determination
C．friendship D．leadership
11．A.assess B．organize
C．develop D．understand
12．A.repeat B．follow
C．change D．forget
13．A.gesture B．measure
C．bond D．lack
14．A.telling B．giving
C．selling D．sending
15．A.management B．personality
C．communication D．education
文本分析
中心思想 信任在亲子关系中和在工作管理方面的重要性。
论点 信任是最重要的
论据 1.信任是亲子关系中非常重要的一部分，是不能失去的。(Paras.1&2) 2.同样地，在工作场所，信任对强大的领导能力也很重要。(Para.3)
结论 良好的管理和良好的育儿方式一样，是一项长期的投入。
写作目的 告诉读者，信任在亲子关系和工作管理中都很重要。
巧排除，降难度
在掌握文章大意和细节的前提下，考生可以通过试填试题中的各个选项选出最吻合语境、最衔接语义的选项，这种解题方法被称为“排除错项”。
真题体验 (2023·新课标 Ⅰ)
Once there，Lenoue was 49 and later taken to a hospital，where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees.She would have struggled with extreme 50.pain to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help.
49．A.interrupted B．assessed
C．identified D．appreciated
由熟词，知生义
一词多义和熟词生义是近几年高考中不断出现的词汇活用现象。备考时应注意单词本义以及根据词根推断单词生僻意义。
真题体验1 (2023·浙江1月)
Reaching them to get the honey is difficult—and often 43.dangerous...Sitting on a branch，he 50 towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive.
50．A.backed B．dived
C．shouted D．inched
真题体验2 (2022·新课标 Ⅰ)
So 45. instead of tying him up，I just kept a close eye on him.It 46 —he didn’t end up in the creek.My three-year-old，however，did.
46．A.worked B．happened
C．mattered D．changed
(2023·安徽淮南一模)
“Whenever I am in a group of people，I feel like everyone knows what to say except me.When I try to join in，I get anxious and have a struggle 1 words.This happens at parties or meetings and I feel 2 —as if I were being interviewed for a job.”
Individuals experiencing this type of social 3 often avoid eye contact，because it makes them feel 4 and judged.These feelings are often frustrating，which prevents these individuals from defending and 5 for themselves in social environments，though they may be 6 at holding on to their opinions in environments that are focused on a task rather than 7 .
Fitting into groups of people requires 8 .You need to be interested in the topics that others in the group are interested in.Becoming a part of these groups requires that you 9 some of your individuality to accept others’ 10 and values.
Some individuals are like chameleon(变色龙)in that they 11 pick up the patterns of different groups and 12 themselves accordingly.For them，this is automatic and they don’t even come to the 13 that they are changing themselves to fit into groups.If you are one of those people who feels 14 in most social group settings，it may be because you 15 changing the way you think to feel part of a group and this shouldn’t be a weakness or a failure.
1．A.reading B．pronouncing
C．seeing D．writing
2．A.exposed B．ignored
C．considered D．judged
3．A.status B．discomfort
C．event D．response
4．A.transparent B．urgent
C．frustrated D．disappointed
5．A.turning up B．breaking down
C．sticking up D．taking over
6．A.creative B．effective
C．attractive D．tentative
7．A.contribution B．requirement
C．assignment D．socialization
8．A.attention B．honesty
C．affection D．agreement
9．A.sacrifice B．give
C．examine D．present
10．A.hobbies B．approaches
C．views D．promises
11．A.naturally B．partly
C．hardly D．merely
12．A.explain B．support
C．help D．accommodate
13．A.conclusion B．awareness
C．decision D．point
14．A.attached B．respected
C．disconnected D．accepted
15．A.resist B．allow
C．miss D．suggest专题三
第1讲
典例导入
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是在明尼苏达州举行的一次越野赛跑中，Melanie Bailey背着另一名参赛者Danielle Lenoue冲过终点线并接受医疗检查的善行义举。
41．D [design设计；follow跟随；change改变；finish完成。根据下一段的“carried her all the way to the finish line，then another 300 feet”可知，Bailey在比赛中背着另一名参赛者，所以完成比赛晚了，因此句子表示“Melanie Bailey本应该更早完成比赛”。故选D。]
42．A [delay延误；chance机会；trouble麻烦；excuse借口。根据上文“Melanie Bailey should have the course earlier than she did.”和上一题的解析可知，Melanie Bailey本应该更早完成比赛，她的延误是因为她背着另一名参赛者冲过终点线。故选A。]
43．D [judge裁判；volunteer志愿者；classmate同学；competitor参赛者。根据第一段的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”可知，她是背着另一名参赛者冲过终点线。故选D。]
44．A [race比赛；school学校；town城镇；training训练。根据第一段的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”可知，此处是说“当Bailey跑到比赛的三分之二多的时候”。故选A。]
45．C [agree同意；return回来；stop停止；promise答应。根据下文“to help her fellow runner”可知，她停下来去帮助另一名参赛者。故选C。]
46．B [courage勇气；aid帮助；patience耐心；advice建议。根据上文“Bailey took her arm”可知，此处表示看Lenoue是否能在她的帮助下向前走。故选B。]
47．D [go away离开； stand up站起来；step aside让路；bend down弯腰。根据下文“let Lenoue climb onto her back”可知，Bailey弯下腰，让Lenoue爬到她的背上。故选D。]
48．A [medical医疗的；public公众的；constant持续不断的；equal平等的。根据上文的“began crying in pain”可知，Lenoue感到疼痛，所以是要接受治疗，medical attention意为“医疗处理”。故选A。]
49．B [interrupt打断；assess评估；identify识别；appreciate感激。根据下文“later taken to a hospital”可知，她是先接受了检查，再被送往医院，也就是先接受评估。故选B。]
50．B [hunger饥饿；pain疼痛；cold感冒；tiredness疲劳。根据上文的“began crying in pain”可知，如果没有Bailey的帮助，她会在极度的痛苦中挣扎着到达那个援助检查站。故选B。]
51．C [worried担心的；ashamed惭愧的；confused困惑的；discouraged泄气的。根据下文“I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”可知，Bailey觉得自己只是做了正确的事情，所以她对她的行为被别人认为是一件大事感到困惑。故选C。]
52．D [game游戏；problem问题；lesson课；deal交易，局面。参见上题解析。a big deal意为“非常重要的事”。故选D。]
53．A [leave离开，丢下；cure治愈；bother打扰；understand理解。根据上文“She was just crying.”以及Bailey一路背着Lenoue走到终点线后又走了300英尺可知，Bailey看见Lenoue哭喊，所以觉得不能丢下她。故选A。]
54．C [ride短途旅程；test测试；meet体育比赛；show展示。根据第一段的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”及空前的“the two young women were strangers before”可知，当时是一场比赛，此处表示“这两个年轻女子在那场体育比赛之前是陌生人”。故选C。]
55．B [secret秘密；display展示；benefit益处；exchange交换。根据第二段的“let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line，then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get attention”可知，Bailey背着另一名参赛者冲过终点，并背她去接受检查，这展示了人类的善良，故选B。]
技法一 真题体验
43．D [根据上文中的“in middle school”和“for three whole days”可推知，作者是短期打工，再结合空后的“during our spring break”可知，此处表示春假期间，市中心的工厂临时需要八个孩子来帮忙。]
45．B [根据上文中的“as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school”和空后的“minimum wage”可知，作者当时还是中学生，要做的是临时工的工作，挣的是最低工资。]
46．A [由上文中的“I worked in a baking factory.”可知，作者去工厂打工，在那里她可以获知工厂是如何运转的。]
技法二 真题体验1
60．A [shine照耀，发光；fly飞行；dance跳舞；score得分。由上文“I’m going to inspire so many people”和下文“And shine she did.”可知，她认为自己将会激励很多人，即自己会发光，影响到很多人。空格处的shine是空后shine 的原词复现。故选A。]
真题体验2
54．C [return返回；fight打仗；fly飞；agree同意。根据上文中“I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot，Karen，who 45.offered to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia”和空前的“The flight was 53.uneventful，and Tiffy was a great passenger.”可知，Karen带着Tiffy飞往弗吉尼亚州。本空中的flew与前文的flight是同根词复现。故选C。]
真题体验3
47．D [drop out退出；move on继续；pull over靠边停车；go off离开。由下文“about 1,200 miles away from home”可知，Gabby Douglas到了一个离家1 200英里的地方。空中的 went off与第41空前的leave是同义词复现。故选D。]
真题体验4
43．B [program项目。由46空后的the project可知，此处指一个眼睛研究项目。故选B。program与project是同义词复现。]
真题体验5
47．B [confused困惑的；nervous紧张的；annoyed恼怒的；curious好奇的。由but可知，此处与空后的calm(平静的)构成反义关系，也就是要表示“紧张的，不安的”。]
真题体验6
48．D [foot脚；nose鼻子；hand手；ear耳朵。根据下文“or hear the adult”可知，实验中，儿童被询问是否能听到成年人的声音，所以此处表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。此处ears与下文中的hear是同场词汇复现。]
49．A [see看见；help帮助；reach到达；fool欺骗。根据上文“an adult who covered her own eyes”可知，成年人遮住了自己的眼睛，所以此处儿童被询问是否能看见成年人。此处see与上文中的eyes是同场词汇复现。]
52．A [speak说；listen听；turn转；wave挥手。根据语境，此处表示当成年人捂住自己的嘴，此时孩子们说他们不能和成年人说话了。此处speak与上文中的mouth是同场词汇复现。]
技法三 真题体验1
46．B [courage勇气；aid帮助；patience耐心；advice建议。根据上文语境“She 45.stopped to help her fellow runner”可知，此处表示看Lenoue是否能在她的帮助下向前走。故选B。]
真题体验2
41．B [turn转折点；budget预算；schedule时间表；connection联系。根据下文语境“They could not afford to pay for 42.transportation for their dog，Tiffy”可知，这个家庭的预算非常紧张。故选B。]
随堂演练
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。在少年棒球联盟比赛中，Kaiden Shelton不小心砸中了对方击球手Isaiah Jarvis，虽然Isaiah没事，但Kaiden吓坏了，于是Isaiah主动拥抱了他，并给他安慰，这一幕感动了许多人，而他们也收获了珍贵的友谊。
1．C [candidate候选人；volunteer志愿者；champion冠军；reporter记者。根据上文“play baseball across the US”和“Their aim”以及常识可知，参加棒球比赛的目的是成为冠军。故选C。]
2．B [replace代替；hug拥抱；challenge挑战；identify认出。根据第三段中的“He calmly walked toward Kaiden and gave him a big hug”可知，此处为hug原词复现，表示Isaiah Jarvis拥抱了Kaiden Shelton。故选B。]
3．D [embarrassing令人尴尬的；confusing令人困惑的；amusing好笑的；touching感人的。根据空后的“brought tears”可知，这个场景非常感人。故选D。]
4．A [face面对；save拯救；assist援助；need需要。根据上文中的“Isaiah Jarvis，a Little League batter(击球手)”和“the pitcher(投球手)，Kaiden Shelton”及常识可知，在棒球比赛中，一方的击球手和对方的投球手处于面对面防守和进攻的位置。故选A。]
5．B [possibly可能；suddenly突然；gradually逐渐；nearly差不多。根据下文的“The ball hit Isaiah in his helmet，sending him to the ground.”可知，这次投球出现了一个意外，这说明Kaiden突然失去了对投球力度的控制。故选B。]
6．A [attend to处理，照料；appeal to对……有吸引力；refer to指的是；object to反对。根据空后的“found him to be OK”和常识可知，现场工作人员在有人受伤的情况下应立即赶去处理。故选A。]
7．C [video视频；celebration庆祝活动；game比赛；tournament锦标赛。根据上文中的“found him to be OK”和空前的“decided to remain”可知，发现自己没事后，他决定继续比赛。故选C。]
8．D [disappointed失望的；annoyed生气的；surprised惊讶的；panicked惊慌失措的。根据下文中的“battling emotions”可知，Kaiden因为这种意外的发生而变得惊慌失措。故选D。]
9．B [partner伙伴；opponent对手；coach教练；fan狂热爱好者。由第二段首句可知，Isaiah和Kaiden是对手。故选B。]
10．C [protect保护；rescue救援；comfort安慰；instruct指示。根据下文中的“Hey，you’re doing just great.”可知，Isaiah想要安慰Kaiden。故选C。]
11．A [powerful强有力的；typical典型的；familiar熟悉的；contradictory相互矛盾的。根据空后的“really helped me”可知，Isaiah说的话非常有力，帮助到了Kaiden。故选A。]
12．B [strength体力；sportsmanship体育精神；generosity慷慨；politeness礼貌。根据第三段中的“He calmly walked toward Kaiden and gave him a big hug”可知，在看到对手情绪激动后，Isaiah主动安慰对手，这是体育精神的体现。故选B。]
13．D [apply运用；return返回；connect联系；head朝(某方向)行进。根据空前的“won the game”和空后的“the Little League World Series”可知，此处是说朝着少年棒球联盟世界大赛前进，即晋级。故选D。]
14．C [link连接；admit承认；invite邀请；select挑选。根据第二段的“Kaiden Shelton，from Texas， Isaiah Jarvis，from Oklahoma”和最后一段中的“The Texas team won the game”可知，Kaiden所在的得克萨斯州球队赢得比赛，并顺利晋级，所以Isaiah没有参加接下来的比赛，而是被邀请来观看。故选C。]
15．A [friendship友谊；popularity流行；wealth财富；freedom自由。通读全文并结合空前的newfound可知，Kaiden和Isaiah经过这次比赛后建立了友谊。故选A。]
第2讲
典例导入
1．B [temporarily暂时地；naturally自然地；originally起初；passively被动地。根据“all that my dad said was doctrine(信条)”可知，既然父亲说的都是信条，那父亲所做的事作者自然要照做。]
2．A [close亲密的；reliable可靠的，值得信赖的；generous大方的；confident自信的。下一句“He wasn’t cool anymore.”表明作者和父亲没有那么亲密无间了。]
3．C [creative创造性的；familiar熟悉的；horrible极讨厌的；live鲜活的。根据“He became a total embarrassment.”可知，作者认为父亲听的乡村音乐令人生厌。]
4．D [failure失败；coincidence巧合；competition竞赛；disaster灾难。根据“even worse”可知，作者认为在学校里发生的事是“灾难”。]
5．D [debate争论；party聚会，党派；progress进步；struggle斗争，挣扎。作者多年来的经历告诉我们作者内心是挣扎的，纠结于与父亲的关系。]
6．B [happen发生；change改变；grow生长；disappear消失。根据下文“I found that mixed in with my was a touch of pride”可知，在作者十年级物理课项目上，事情开始发生变化。]
7．B [issue问题；task任务；lesson教训；procedure程序，步骤。根据下文“to build a wood bridge”可知，建造木桥是此次项目的任务。]
8．A [participate参加；protest抗议；hesitate犹豫；explore探索。根据下文“my dad defeated all competitors”可知，此处表示所有的同学和物理老师都参与进来了。]
9．A [flee逃离；investigate调查；picture想象；make制造。根据上文“Embarrassed，as usual”可知，作者像往常一样感到尴尬，所以逃离了现场。]
10．D [instead相反，取而代之；otherwise要不然的话；therefore因此；however然而。根据下文“a touch of pride”可知，这与之前作者认为的父亲的行为令人尴尬形成一个意义上的转折。]
11．C [confusion困惑；encouragement鼓励；embarrassment尴尬；fascination魅力。根据上文“He became a total embarrassment.”可知，作者发现自己的尴尬中混杂了一丝自豪。]
12．D [recommend推荐；tolerate忍受，忍耐；doubt怀疑；appreciate欣赏，感激。上句说作者有一丝的自豪感，也就是对父亲有欣赏。]
13．A [be aware of知道，意识到；call for要求，需要；argue for为……辩论；bring about导致。根据下文“many of the same values and sometimes the same opinions”可知，作者开始意识到和父亲有很多相同的价值观甚至相同的观点。]
14．B [puzzled困惑的；fortunate幸运的；concerned关心的，担忧的；awkward尴尬的，令人难堪的。根据“such an unusual father”可知，有这样不同寻常的父亲当然是幸运的。]
15．C [strategy方法，策略；habit习惯；relationship关系；potential潜力。根据文章首段的“Our relationship，in and out of school，has been totally unpredictable.”可知，此处是原词复现，指作者多年以来和父亲的关系。]
技法四 真题体验1
48．A [hard困难的；fine好的；common常见的；lucky幸运的。根据上文“was trying to be calm”和转折连词but可知，虽然他试图保持冷静，但把狗留给一个陌生人对主人来说很难。故选A。]
真题体验2
57．A [perfect完美的；useful有用的；convenient便利的；familiar熟悉的。根据前文“Mario’s wine may have been cloudy and come out of an old bottle”以及空前的but可知，此处表转折，即马里奥的酒可能是混浊的，而且是从一个旧瓶子里被倒出来的，但它是完美的。故选A。]
真题体验3
16．A [根据语境，此处表示这些大学生视威尔逊为楷模和朋友，甚至(even)亲切地叫他“爷爷”。]
真题体验4
59．C [beg乞求；trust信任；need需要；aid帮助。由下文“That’s only for giving 60.water to the dogs”可知，之前史蒂夫给作者的爱犬喂水这一举动就足以拉近他们两人的关系，因此作者也不需要他下跪。此处nor表示递进关系，意为“也不”。]
真题体验5
52．A [in case以防万一；even if即使；as though好像；so that以便。根据语境可知，受到陌生女士的启发，作者的母亲决定在收银台放5美元，以防别人也遇到类似的情况。]
经典体验6
1．C [句意：我担心如果我不能很快地得到我所需要的适当的药物和护理，我的病就会变成不治之症。if引导条件状语从句。]
真题体验7
50．B [根据下文“This moved him to action.”可知，对他来说，接受自己失明的命运是一回事，而在事情还容易解决的情况下却放任不管就完全是另一回事了。when“当……的时候”，符合此处语境。]
真题体验8
49．A [finally最终；surprisingly令人意外地；naturally自然地；immediately立刻。根据上文的表顺序关系的关键词“began preparations”和“Then”可知，本空填“Finally”能与上文形成顺承关系。故选A。]
经典体验9
1．B [say在此处用作举例，意为“譬如，比方说”。]
技法五 真题体验1
47．D [go away离开；stand up站起来；step aside让路；bend down弯腰。根据下文“let Lenoue climb onto her back”可知，Bailey弯下腰，让Lenoue爬到她的背上。故选D。]
真题体验2
42．B [take up从事；pack up整理，收拾行李；clean up清理；do up装修。由上文“Gabby Douglas had to leave everything”和下文“her bedroom in Virginia”可知，Gabby Douglas整理好她的卧室，打包好行李，准备离开这里。故选B。]
技法六 真题体验
45．A [gather收集，采集；clean清除；drop掉落；check检查。根据下文“to create a torch(火把)”可知，本句是在讲制作火把的过程，第一步应该是收集一些树叶。故选A。]
46．B [shake摇晃；light点燃，点亮；measure测量；decorate装饰。本句是在讲制作火把的过程，根据空前提到的“收集树叶、用绳捆好”可知，空格处指“点燃用细绳捆扎好的树叶”。故选B。]
随堂演练
语篇解读 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者七岁的时候被父亲在八月份的一个夜晚拽起来去看流星，这次经历激发了作者探索世界的好奇心，对作者影响很大。
1．C [根据前文的“a small boy was in bed，sound asleep”及后文的“carried in his father’s arms onto the beach”可知，小男孩感到自己被父亲从床上抱起来。故选C。]
2．A [根据后文的“one of the stars moved”可知，星星坠落的场景应是令人难以置信。故选A。]
3．D [根据后文的“Shooting stars”可知，此时流星闪过天空。故选D。]
4．B [根据前文提到“It across the sky like a golden fire.”可推知，在孩子的眼里，这样的场面是奇观。“wonder”在此处意为“奇观，奇迹”。故选B。]
5．A [结合前文的“As his father spoke... then another...”来理解，男孩以前没看过流星，故“惊讶地问”符合语境。故选A。]
6．B [根据常识，“它们(流星)在每年八月的某个晚上出现”符合语境。“turn up”意为“出现，发生”。故选B。]
7．D [根据前文“...a small boy was in bed，sound asleep.Suddenly，he felt himself from bed and carried in his father’s arms onto the beach.”可知，这场与流星的邂逅是“出乎意料的”。故选D。]
8．B [根据后文“That night，my father opened a door for his child，leading him into an area of splendid .”可推知，作者认为自己是幸运的。故选B。]
9．B [根据前文可知，父亲夜里带孩子去看流星，应该是因为他认为新的体验比一夜不间断的睡眠更重要。故选B。]
10．A [利用词汇复现，根据前文“a new experience more for a small boy than an unbroken night’s sleep”可知，“newness”符合语境。故选A。]
11．C [根据前文“Children are naturally curious”并结合上文作者的父亲带他看流星雨可知，此处表示“他们需要有人来引导他们”。故选C。]
12．D [根据后文“It simply doing things more often with children instead of for them or to them.”可知，此处表示“未必需要大量时间”。故选D。]
13．A [根据前文“This art of adding new dimensions to a child’s world doesn’t require a great deal of time.”可知，此处表示“它只是涉及更多地和孩子们一起做事，而不是为他们或对他们做事”。故选A。]
14．B [利用词汇复现，根据前文的“Children are naturally curious”可知，此处表示“激发他们的好奇心”。故选B。]
15．D [根据后文提到的“Next year，when August comes with its shooting stars，my son will be seven.”可知，那个夜晚仍然深植于作者的记忆中，所以他将给自己的儿子类似的体验。故选D。]
第3讲
典例导入
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过实验证明孩子们玩捉迷藏时，只遮住自己的眼睛并不是自我中心主义的结果，而是孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重。
1．C [follow跟随；take取走；escape避开；direct指导。根据下文“making oneself unable to be seen”可知，此处表示儿童喜欢玩捉迷藏，避开别人的目光。故选C项。]
2．B [clever聪明的；bad不擅长的；scared害怕的；quick快的。根据下文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands，leaving the rest of their bodies .”可知，他们经常只是用手捂住眼睛，而其余身体部分无遮蔽，因此儿童不擅长隐藏。be bad at sth表示“不擅长某事”。故选B项。]
3．A [exposed无遮蔽的；examined已检查过的；untouched未受影响的；imbalanced失衡的。根据上文可知，儿童只是用手遮住了眼睛，身体的其余部分无遮蔽，是暴露在外的。故选A项。]
4．D [support支持；guarantee保证；imagine想象；interpret解释。根据下文“as evidence that children are hopelessly ‘egocentric’(自我中心的) creatures”可知，此处表示这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为一种证据，证明儿童是以自我为中心的。故选D项。]
5．C [explain解释；confirm证实；contradict相矛盾；test测试。根据前面的But可知，研究结果与之前的观点相矛盾。故选C项。]
6．B [parent父(母)亲；child儿童；researcher研究员；doctor医生。根据上文“We brought children aged 2－4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知，此处表示每个儿童和一个成年人坐在一起。故选B项。]
7．D [foot脚；nose鼻子；hand手；ear耳朵。根据下文“or hear the adult”可知，实验中，儿童被询问是否能听到成年人的声音，所以此处表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。故选D项。]
8．A [see看见；help帮助；reach到达；fool欺骗。根据上文“an adult who covered her own eyes”可知，成年人遮住了自己的眼睛，所以此处指儿童被询问是否能看见成年人。故选A项。]
9．C [句意：许多实验排除了孩子们误解了他们被问到的问题。instruction指令；description说明；experiment实验；assumption假设。故选C项。]
10．A [comprehend理解；predict预测；explore探索；ignore忽略。根据下文“and knew exactly what was asked of them”可知，儿童理解了问题，并确切知道自己被问了什么。故选A项。]
11．A [response回答；approach方法；contribution贡献；sensitivity敏感性。根据上文“We then asked the child if she could or hear the adult.Surprisingly，children replied they couldn’t.”可知，此处表示孩子们对于问题的回答。故选A项。]
12．B [ability能力；belief看法；identity身份；purpose目的。根据下文“I can see you only if you can see me，too.”可知，此处表示孩子们真正的看法。故选B项。]
13．C [hold back阻止；relate to与……有关联；insist on坚持；make up弥补。根据上文“I can see you only if you can see me，too.”可知，孩子们的看法体现了他们坚持相互的承认和尊重。故选C项。]
14．D [limitation限制；requirement必要条件；theory理论；finding调查发现。根据上文“We brought children aged 2－4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知，此处指实验的研究结果。故选D项。]
15．D [tentative不确定的；impressive令人印象深刻的；creative创造性的；effective有效的。根据上文“They simply mutual(相互的) recognition and regard.”可知，孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重，所以当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子会认为它是有效的。故选D项。]
技法七 真题体验1
43．B [urgent紧急的；dangerous危险的；expensive昂贵的；pointless毫无意义的。根据常识可知，手工雕刻的蜂箱被放置在树顶上，采摘蜂蜜很难并且经常也很危险。故选B。]
真题体验2
58．C [on view在展出；on sale出售；in season应季的；in need在困难中。根据生活常识可知，“吃应季的和尽可能靠近产地的东西”是正确的做法。故选C。]
59．D [finish完成；store贮存；find找到；grow种植，生长。根据生活常识可知，“吃应季的和尽可能靠近原产地的东西”是正确的做法。故选D。]
真题体验3
17．D [表示小说或戏剧中的“人物”或“角色”，用character。故选D。]
技法八 真题体验
48．A [hard困难的；fine好的；common常见的；lucky幸运的。本句句式较为复杂，“but”连接转折并列句，“having to leave...”为现在分词短语作原因状语。根据上文“was trying to be calm”以及下文“having to leave his dog to a and trust that everything would ”可推知，此处指把狗留给一个陌生人对主人来说很难。故选A。]
49．C [co-worker合作者；passenger乘客；stranger陌生人；neighbor邻居。本句句式较为复杂，“but”连接转折并列句，“having to leave...”为现在分词短语作原因状语。根据“George，the husband，was trying to be calm，but I could tell this was for him”可知，此处指把狗留给一个陌生人。故选C。]
50．B [speed up加速；work out解决；come back回来；take off起飞。本句句式较为复杂，“but”连接转折并列句，“having to leave...”为现在分词短语作原因状语。根据上文可知，让狗的主人George把狗留给一个陌生人并相信一切都会解决好，对他来说很难。故选B。]
随堂演练
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在“假想观众”的误导下，青少年的一些反应和做法。
1．A [mislead误导；hold握住，持有；drive驱使；characterize描述，刻画，成为……的特征。根据“It is defined as an adolescent’s psychological state by the belief that people around are eagerly watching or listening to him or her.”可知，青少年认为周围的人都在热切地注视着或听着他们，实际上这只是一种假想，是被“误导”了，misled符合语境。故选A。]
2．B [adult成年人；teenager青少年；elders长辈；professor教授。根据上文的“It is defined as an adolescent’s psychological state”可知，此处指青少年，teenager与adolescent是同义词复现。故选B。]
3．C [suddenly突然间；gradually渐渐地；strongly强烈地；randomly随机地。根据上文“This is because are aware of the physical changes occurring in their bodies.”可知，青少年意识到自己身体发生了变化，所以非常关心大家如何看待这些变化，strongly符合语境。故选C。]
4．A [view观察，看待；face面对；accept接受；make使得。此处表示非常关心别人如何“看待”这些变化，viewing符合语境。故选A。]
5．C [cause原因；requirement要求；example例子；result结果。根据后文“Teens would repeatedly change their clothes to look to others.Or they would follow different ongoing that may help them fit into society.”可知，是在举假想观众的例子，此处examples符合语境。故选C。]
6．A [strange奇怪的，不寻常的；plain朴素的；sweet甜的；smart聪明的。根据“Teens would repeatedly change their clothes to look to others.”可知，不断换衣服是为了与众不同，此处strange符合语境。故选A。]
7．B [event事件；trend趋势；tip秘诀，技巧；principle原则。根据“Or they would follow different ongoing that may help them fit into society.”可知，此处指追随不同的潮流和趋势，trends符合语境。故选B。]
8．D [comment评论，意见；assessment评估，估价；instruction指示；impression印象。根据“If wearing checkered shirts and jeans is the current fashion，teens would dress like that just to give a good on their imaginary audiences.”可知，如果格子衬衫和牛仔裤流行，青少年就会这么穿，因为想给别人留下好印象，impression符合语境。故选D。]
9．D [severest最严重的；biggest最大的；fastest最快的；slightest最少的，最细微的。根据常识可知，青少年由于步入青春期，比较敏感，所以哪怕“最微小的”错误也会担心，slightest符合语境。故选D。]
10．C [sleep睡觉；relax放松；sweat流汗，焦虑，紧张；laugh大笑。根据“A blackhead could make an adolescent girl all day as she feels that she is being watched and judged.”可知，觉得自己被关注和评判，所以会“焦虑”，sweat符合语境。故选C。]
11．D [sound听起来；feel摸起来；smell闻起来；look看起来。上文提到的穿格子衣和牛仔裤、长黑头粉刺等都属于外在方面的东西，由此可知，此处指很少有人关心别人“看起来”如何，looks符合语境。故选D。]
12．A [disorder混乱，紊乱，疾病；relief放松，缓解；pity可惜，遗憾；blessing幸事，福祉。根据“Though ‘the imaginary audience’ is considered to be a ，it is a natural process...”可知，此处指虽然“假想观众”被认为是一种“紊乱”，但它却是青少年成长的自然过程，disorder符合语境。故选A。]
13．D [reduce减少；show展示；work工作，起作用；mature成熟。根据“As an individual’s perception of the world ，he or she will gain more viewpoints on his or her roles among people，rather than imaginary ones.”可知，此处指当一个人对世界的认知“成熟”时，就会对自己在人群中的角色有更现实的看法，matures符合语境。故选D。]
14．C [narrow狭窄的；permanent永久的；realistic现实的；personal个人的。根据“As an individual’s perception of the world ，he or she will gain more viewpoints on his or her roles among people，rather than imaginary ones.”可知，此处指当一个人对世界的认知成熟时，就会对自己在人群中的角色有更“现实的”看法，realistic与后文的imaginary为反义词复现。故选C。]
15．B [run out用完，耗尽；fade away逐渐消失；set in开始，到来；come back回来，记起。根据“Thus，the effects of imaginary audiences will gradually .”可知，当一个人对世界的认知成熟时，这种假想观众的影响也会“逐渐消失”，fade away符合语境。故选B。]
第4讲
典例导入
1．C [reasonable合理的；limited有限的；absolute完全的，绝对的；important重要的。根据上文“Again，Daddy，again！”可知，孩子要求一次次被扔向空中，由此可知，他对父亲是完全信任的。故选C。]
2．D [relief宽慰；satisfaction满意；achievement成就；responsibility责任。结合语境，此处指孩子对父亲的信任也成了父亲的责任，即孩子的信任给了父亲一种责任感。故选D。]
3．A [older年龄较大的；busier比较忙的；quieter较安静的；healthier较健康的。根据下文“it will need more effort and sound judgment on my part”可知，随着他长大，这需要作者付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。故选A。]
4．C [long-distance长途的；high-risk高风险的；parent-child父母子女的；teacher-student师生的。本段在探讨作者与儿子之间的关系，所以是一种亲子关系。故选C。]
5．A [afford能做，支付得起，承担得起；choose选择；wait等待；expect期望。根据上文“Trust is such an important part of a relationship”可知，它是一种不能失去的东西。afford to do sth“能够做某事”。故选A。]
6．A [safe安全的；happy快乐的；proud自豪的；grateful感激的。 根据上文“he trusts me”和下文“in the knowledge that he won’t get hurt”可知，只是因为他相信作者，知道自己不会受伤，所以觉得自己会很安全。故选A。]
7．D [above all首先，最重要的是；in addition除此之外；at first首先；for example例如。根据上文内容以及下文“teaching Jacky to swim means he has to ”可知，作者在举例子。故选D。]
8．B [admit承认；believe相信；suggest建议；imagine想象。根据上文“because he trusts me”可知，教儿子游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时，如果他溺水，作者会去救他。故选B。]
9．C [however然而；therefore因此；similarly相似地；fortunately幸运地。作者从父子之间的信任转移到职场，所以同样，在工作场所，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。故选C。]
10．D [affection感情；determination决定；friendship友谊；leadership领导力。根据下文“It is something that every manager”可知，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。故选D。]
11．C [assess评估；organize组织；develop发展，培养；understand理解。根据常识可知，获得别人的信任需要培养。故选C。]
12．B [repeat重复；follow跟随，听从；change改变；forget忘记。根据上文“If people don’t trust you”可知，人们不信任你，他们就不太可能听从你的指示。故选B。]
13．D [gesture姿势；measure测量；bond纽带；lack缺少。根据下文“make people work against you rather than for you”可知，缺乏信任会让人们与你作对而不是支持你。故选D。]
14．B [tell告诉；give给；sell卖；send发送。其他人不信任你，所以不会给你展现他们最好的水平。故选B。]
15．A [management管理；personality个性；communication交流；education教育。根据上文“in the workplace”以及“manager”可知，作者在说管理。故选A。]
技法九 真题体验
49．B [interrupt打断；assess评估；identify识别；appreciate感激。根据下文“later taken to a hospital”可知，她是先接受了检查，再被送往医院，也就是先接受“评估”，因此B项最吻合语境，这样就能排除另外三个选项。故选B。]
技法十 真题体验1
50．D [back支持；dive跳水；shout对……大声喊叫；inch缓慢移动。根据上文“Reaching them to get the honey is difficult—and often 43.dangerous.”可知，采集蜂蜜是困难且危险的工作，此处指Ziyad小心翼翼地凑近蜂箱，将烟吹入蜂箱中。故选D。inch熟义为“英寸”，此处为生义“(使)缓慢移动”。]
真题体验2
46．A [work起作用；happen发生；matter事关紧要；change改变。根据下文“he didn’t end up in the creek”可推知，此处指作者的办法起作用了，孩子没有掉进小溪里。work熟义为“工作”，此处为生义“起作用，奏效”。]
随堂演练
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。文章解释了为什么在社交场合中，有些人会感觉自己无法融入。
1．B [根据前文“I feel like everyone knows what to say except me”可知，当和一群人在一起的时候，我不知道要说些什么，所以此处指很难说出话来，pronounce意为“说出”，符合题意。故选B。]
2．D [根据后文“as if I were being interviewed for a job”可知，当聚会或者和开会的时候，我感觉好像在面试求职，觉得自己像被评判一样。下文中“because it makes them feel and judged”也是提示。故选D。]
3．B [status地位；discomfort不安；event事件；response回复。根据前文“When I try to join in，I get anxious and have a struggle words.”可知，这是一种社交不安，会让人避免和别人有眼神交流。故选B。]
4．A [transparent透明的，易识破的；urgent紧急的；frustrated沮丧的；disappointed失望的。根据前文“Individuals experiencing this type of social often avoid eye contact”可知，这类人经常避免眼神交流，因为这让他们觉得被看穿和受到评判。故选A。]
5．C [turn up出现，露面；break down崩溃，垮掉；stick up支持，捍卫；take over接管，取代。根据后文的“for themselves in social environments”可知，社交不适感会阻止一些不擅长社交的人在社会环境中保护和捍卫自己。故选C。]
6．B [creative有创造力的；effective有效的；attractive有吸引力的；tentative不确定的。根据后文“holding on to their opinions in environments that are focused on a task rather than ”可知，在专注于任务而不是社会化的环境中不擅长社交的人会有效地坚持自己的观点。故选B。]
7．D [contribution贡献；requirement条件，要求；assignment任务；socialization社会化。根据前文“they may be at holding on to their opinions in environments that are focused on a task”可知，不擅长社交的人他们会专注于自己的任务，而不是进行社交活动，因为他们在社交活动的过程中会产生不适。故选D。]
8．D [attention注意力；honesty诚实；affection喜爱；agreement协议，(想法、看法)一致。根据后文“You need to be interested in the topics that others in the group are interested in.”可知，要想融入大多数群体需要从众，即与别人的想法要一致。故选D。]
9．A [sacrifice牺牲；give给；examine检查；present呈现，出席。根据前文“Becoming a part of these groups”可知，成为群体的一部分要牺牲自己的一些个性，以接受他人的价值和观点。故选A。]
10．C [hobby嗜好；approach途径；view观点，景色；promise承诺。根据后文的“and values”可知，要成为群体的一员，必须牺牲自己的一些个性，以接受他人的观点和价值观。故选C。]
11．A [根据前文“Some individuals are like chameleon(变色龙)”可知，有些人就像变色龙，他们自然地接受不同群体的模式。故选A。]
12．D [根据前文“they pick up the patterns of different groups”可知，有些人就像变色龙，他们自然地接受不同群体的模式，并相应地使自己适应。accommodate熟词生义，在本空意为“适应”。故选D。]
13．B [conclusion结论；awareness意识；decision决定；point观点。根据前文“this is automatic”可知，对于这些擅长社交的人来说，他们并没有意识到自己正在改变自己以融入整个群体。故选B。]
14．C [attached附属的，喜爱的；removed被移除的；disconnected分离的，隔绝的；accepted被接受的。根据后文“it may be because you changing the way you think to feel part of a group and this shouldn’t be a weakness or a failure”可知，因为你拒绝改变自己的思维方式以成为群体的一部分，因此在社交场合中你是那种在大多数社会群体环境中感到被疏远的人。故选C。]
15．A [resist抵制；allow允许；miss错过；suggest建议。根据前文“If you are one of those people who feels in most social group settings”可知，如果你是那种在大多数社会群体环境中感到被疏远的人，这可能是因为你拒绝为了融入集体而改变自己的思维方式。故选A。]
微技能一
层次一 真题体验1
51．D [feed喂养；follow跟随；change改变；load装载。load...into“把……装入……”。根据空格后“Tiffy into the plane”可知，作者让George和他的妻子帮忙把Tiffy装入飞机。故选D。]
真题体验2
46．A [worried担心的；moved感动的；thrilled兴奋的；bored感到厌倦的。根据后文“because they were so misshapen”可知，西红柿是畸形的，所以作者一家很担心是否能吃。故选A。]
真题体验3
41.C [根据空格后的“when our children were little”可知，“memory(记忆)”符合语境。]
真题体验4
44．C [根据空格后的“his crying”可知，“uncomfortable”符合语境。]
真题体验5
49．A [根据空格后的“thunder rolled”可知，此处是在描述天气，“wind”符合语境。句意：狂风大作，雷声隆隆。]
真题体验6
43．D [根据空格前的“It might sound like one long，expensive”和转折连词“but”可知，本空与空前为相反关系。“affordable”与空前的“expensive”相对应。]
真题体验7
43．A [根据空格前的“They often cover only their eyes with their hands”可知，身体的其余部分无遮蔽，是暴露在外的。exposed符合语境。]
层次二 真题体验1
42．B [take up从事；pack up整理，收拾行李；clean up清理；do up装修。由上文“Gabby Douglas had to leave everything”和下文“her bedroom in Virginia”可知，Gabby Douglas整理好她的卧室，准备离开这里。故选B。]
43．A [goodbye再见；hello你好；thanks感谢；no没有，不。由上文“Gabby Douglas had to leave everything”可知，Gabby Douglas要离开自己的家，所以与家里的狗说再见。故选A。]
真题体验2
41．D [根据前文的“Like”与本句中的“Unlike”构成对比关系，再根据空后的“She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world”可知，这个25岁的年轻人是全职(full-time)从事这项工作。]
真题体验3
49．B [根据空后的“It’s like 50.staying at a friend’s house”可知，照看房子也能提供一种在酒店里找不到的舒适感(comfort)。]
真题体验4
41．C [根据空前的“I enjoyed living with my dogs”可知，它们的陪伴(companionship)几乎足以让作者远离孤独。]
真题体验5
46．A [本空四个选项都是名字，根据前文“When I first dated Steve，I 43.learned he had a dog，Molly，and a cat，Flora.”可知，猫的名字为“Flora”。]
真题体验6
50．D [根据空后的“every manager”可知，此处指信任对于强大的领导力(leadership)也很重要。]
层次三 真题体验1
55．B [本题无法根据设空所在句子直接找到答案。分析语篇可知，第一段“My husband，our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.”为总括；第二段分讲“Some of our 41.memories are funny”，分享了有趣的经历；第三段分讲“Another time，we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake”，分享了一个有惊无险的例子；最后一段总结，根据语篇结构“总－分－总”可知，作者一家的露营经历既有有趣的，也有冒险的，故本空是表示“想知道接下来我们会经历什么样的露营乐趣和冒险(adventure)”。]
真题体验2
55．A [本题无法根据设空所在句子直接找到答案，根据本段段首“49.Similarly in the workplace，trust is important for strong 50.leadership.It is something that every manager should work hard to 51.develop among their team.”可知，作者在谈管理(management)；再根据上文“Trust is such an important part of a 43.parent-child relationship that it’s something that can’t 44.afford to lose.”谈到的“亲子关系”和空后的“like”可知，设空处与“good parenting”是类比关系。]
