牛津译林版八年级英语上册寒假预习培优讲义（一）（含答案）

牛津译林版八年级上册寒假预习培优讲义（一）
固基础：音标
打根基：8BU1词汇预习
学语法：形容词比较级
抓题型：阅读理解A篇阅读技巧及练习
长元音 /ɑ / / / / / /i / /u /
爆破音 /p/ /t/ /k/ /b/ /d/ /g/
/pɑ / /bɑ / /tɑ / /dɑ / /kɑ / /gɑ /
/p / /b / /t / /d / /k / /g /
/p / /b / /t / /d / /k / /g /
/pi / /bi / /ti / /di / /ki / /gi /
/pu / /bu / /tu / /du / /ku / /gu /
辅音+长元音拼读挑战（30s内读完）
发音感知：尝试拼读音标并根据音标写单词,并学习单词的基本用法。
单词 含义 发音 用法
n. 现在，目前 ['preznt] at ~
adv.刚才 [d st] ~ now
conj.自…以来 [s ns] ~+时间点
adv.曾经，永远，这以前 ['ev ]
adj. 北方的，北部的 ['n n] in the ~ part of
adj. 已婚的，结婚的 [ m r d] get ~
(pl. wives) 妻子 [wa f] husband
n. 街区 [bl k] one~away
conj.自…以来 [s ns]
prep.在…期间 [' v ] ~+时间点
n.污染；污染物 [p lu ( )n] 不可数名词
n.工厂 ['f kt ri] ~
n.废料；废品 [we st] a ~ of time/energy
意识到；实现 ['r la z] ~the problem
vt.& vi.改进，改善 [ m'pru v] ~ sth
n.形势，情况 [s tj e ( )n]
adv.然而 [ha 'ev ]
adj. 不可能的 [ m p s bl] It is~for sb to do
adv.以前，过去，已经 [b 'f ]
adj. 孤独的，寂寞的 ['l nli] ~和alone的区别
不时，有时，偶尔 [fr m//ta m//tu //ta m] Time用法
adv.尽管，即使这样 [ en we ]
n.丈夫 ['h zb nd]
n.采访；会见 [ nt vju ] have an ~
adv.还，仍 [jet]
adv.近来，最近 ['ri sntli]
n.过去 [pɑ st] In the ~
n. 环境 [ n'va r nm nt]
n.交通车辆，运输工具 [tr ns p t] ~
n.环境，条件，状况 [k n d ( )n] ~
vi.返回 [r 't n] ~ the book
adv.最近，上一次；最后 [lɑ st] ~
adv.到（在）国外 [ 'br d] go~
adj. 小学教育的；初级的 [ pra m ri] ~ school
vi.&vt.交流，交际 [k mju n ke t] ~ with
n.交流，交际 [k mju n ke ( )n]
adv.（答语）正是，没错 [ g'z ktli]
adj. 狭窄的 [ n r ]
形容词比较级和最高级
1.含义：大多数的形容词都有三个级别：原级、比较级、最高级。
其中比较级表示“更……”，用于两者之间的比较，用来说明“前者比后者更……”。
最高级表示“最……”，用于三者及三者以上之间的比较，用来说明“某人或某物在某个范围内最……
2.变化规则：
1）形容词比较级和最高级的构成
构成方式 原级 比较级 最高级
（直）单音节词在词尾加er,est high higher highest
strong stronger strongest
（去）以e结尾的单音节词，只加r或st wide wider widest
large larger largest
（双）以重读闭音节结尾的词，如果词尾只有一个辅音字母，双写辅音字母，再加er,est big ※bigger ※biggest
thin ※thinner ※thinnest
hot ※hotter ※hottest
（改）以辅音字母加y结尾的词，把y变成i，再加er,est heavy heavier heaviest
easy easier easiest
happy happier happiest
（多）一般双音节词 active ※more active ※most active
exact more exact most exact
（多）三音节及三音节以上的词 difficult more difficult most difficult
important more important most important
beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
不规则变化 good(好的), well(健康的) better best
bad(坏的) ill(有病的) ※worse ※worst
many,much more most
little less least
far farther(时间,距离), further(程度) father(时间,距离), further（程度）
old ※older, elder ※oldest, eldest
3.形容词比较级最高级常考点：
1.在比较级前加上far、a little、much、even、still等词来表示程度。
注意：此处可以用英文单词father速记修饰形容词比较级的单词，因为father的每个首字母都对应了修饰形容词比较级的单词，比如f-far,a-a little,a bit,t-still,h-much,e-even,r-rather.）
例：China is much larger than Japan．
中国比日本大得多。
2.the+形容词比较级，the+形容词比较级句型
用“the+比较级(+主+谓)，the+比较级(+主+谓)”来表示“越……，越……”。
例：The busier I am，the happier feel．
我越忙就越高兴。
3.比较级+than+any other+名词单数/比较级+than+the other+名词复数
“比较级+than any other+单数名词”/“比较级+the other+复数名词的结构表示“比任何其他的……都……”来表达最高级含义。
例：This camera is more expensive than any other camera in the shop．
在这家店里，这个相机比其他任何一个都贵。
The boy is taller than the other boys in his class.
这个男孩比班级里的任何一个男孩都要高。
【例题详解】
1．（2022上·江苏苏州·八年级校联考期中）— We hope we will have ________ lessons every day.
— That’s what I think. Then we can have_______ free time.
A．fewer; less B．more; more C．fewer; more D．fewer; much
2．（2022上·江苏苏州·八年级苏州高新区第二中学校考期中）— Do you know China is larger than ________ in Asia (亚洲)
— Yes, our country is also becoming stronger and stronger.
A．any country B．any other country C．the other country D．another country
3．（2022上·江苏苏州·八年级统考期中）—What do you think of the songs by Taylor Swift
—Beautiful, and she is my favourite singer. No one has a ________ voice.
A．good B．bad C．worse D．better
4．（2022上·江苏苏州·八年级统考期末）— How beautifully Betty sings! Does she often win the singing competitions
— Yes, she does. I cannot think of anyone with ________.
A．the best voice B．the worst voice C．a better voice D．a worse voice
5．（2021上·江苏苏州·八年级统考期中）There will be ________ space for wild animals because the number of people is getting ________.
A．fewer and fewer; more and more B．less and less; more and more
C．fewer and fewer; larger and larger D．less and less; larger and larger
6．（2021上·江苏苏州·八年级统考期中）—The film The Battle at Lake Changjin is ________ film I’ve seen this year.
—Can’t agree more. I think Wu Jing acts ________ in this film.
A．a better; better than the other actors
B．the best; better than any other actor
C．the best; better than any actor
D．a better; worse than other actors
7．（2021上·江苏苏州·八年级统考期中）—________ is the number of the students in your school
—Over 2000. And the number is gtting ________
A．How many；more and more
B．What；more and more
C．What；larger and lager
D．How much；larger and larger
8．（2021上·江苏苏州·八年级星海实验中学校考期中）—________ is the height of Daniel
—Sorry, I’m not sure. But I know he is ________ taller than Jim.
A．How tall; a little B．What; little C．How much; more D．What; a little
9．（2021上·江苏苏州·八年级校联考期中）Shanghai is bigger than ________ in Jiangsu and bigger than ________ in China.
A．any city; any other city B．any cities; any cities
C．any other city; the other cities D．any other city; any city
10．（2011上·江苏苏州·八年级阶段练习）Shanghai is bigger than ________ in Jiangsu and bigger than ________ in China.
A．any city; any city B．any city; any other city
C．any other city; the other cities D．any other city; any city
11．（2020上·江苏苏州·八年级常熟市第一中学校考阶段练习）—How about the dishes
— Wonderful ! Nothing tastes _________.
A．nice B．better C．terrible D．worse
12．（2019上·江苏苏州·八年级统考期中）—China is over 5000 years old. It’s one of ________ countries in the world.
—Yes. It has much ________ history than the USA．
A．old; long B．older; longer C．older; the longest D．the oldest; longer
13．（2020上·江苏苏州·八年级统考期中）—How was your school trip to the new place of interest in the World Park
—It couldn’t be ________. We lost our way and there was ________ traffic on the way.
A．nicer; too many B．worse; too much
C．worst; too much D．good; too many
14．（2020上·江苏苏州·八年级统考期中）Our Geography teacher tells us that the Changjiang River is ________ than any other river in China, but it is the third ________ river all over the world.
A．long; longer B．longer; longer C．longer; longest D．long; longest
15．（2021上·江苏苏州·八年级校考阶段练习）—________ great fun we have ________ English!
—Yes. I can be ________ at it this way.
A．How; to learn; good B．How; learning; well
C．What; to learn; better D．What; learning; better
16．（2019上·江苏苏州·八年级校考期中）Mary writes ________ than ________ student in her class. She is a hard-working girl.
A．more careful; any other B．more carefully; any other
C．more carefully; any D．more careful; any
17．（2019上·江苏苏州·八年级统考期中）—Jimmy was very ________ last year, but now he is much ________ .
—Don’t you know he has changed his unhealthy diet and lifestyle
A．fatter; thin B．fat; thinner C．fat; fatter D．fatter; thinner
18．（2019上·江苏苏州·八年级统考期中）—Why don’t you keep long hair, Mary
—The short hair looks fresh and cool. I also have ________ time to sleep in the morning ________ doing my long hair.
A．more; instead B．more; instead of C．much; instead D．less; instead of
19．（2019上·江苏苏州·八年级统考期中）After my trip to Heilongjiang, I must say it’s ________ there than in Suzhou.
A．much cold B．much colder C．more cold D．more colder
20．（2019上·江苏苏州·八年级统考期中）Why not choose to live here According to the police, it’s far_______ than other areas.
A．dangerous B．more dangerous
C．less dangerous D．much dangerous
21．（2019上·江苏苏州·八年级统考期中）The more you read the book, the _______ you will feel in it.
A．more interesting B．more interests C．more interested D．less interesting
22．（2018上·江苏苏州·八年级校考期中）My best friend David is 1. 97 meters. He is 20 centimeters ______ than me.
A．tall B．taller C．tallest D．the tallest
23．（2018上·江苏苏州·八年级统考期中）Which subject do you think is ________, James, Maths or Physics
A．more difficult B．difficult C．the more difficult D．the most difficult
24．（2018上·江苏苏州·八年级统考期中）Daniel’s English is better than ________ in his class.
A．any boy’s B．any other girl’s C．any other students’ D．any girl’s
25．（2018上·江苏苏州·八年级统考期中）— What do you think of the piano, Anna
—Oh, no other piano is _________in this store. It’s _________ one.
A．better; a better B．the best; the best C．better; the best D．the best; a better
26．（2022下·江苏苏州·八年级校考期中）—What do you think of the film
— It’s great. I have ________ seen a ________ one before.
A．never; good B．never; better C．ever; better D．ever; best
27．（2020上·江苏苏州·八年级校考阶段练习）______ you are, ______ mistakes you’ll make.
A．The more careful；the fewer B．More careful；the less
C．The more careless；the less D．More careless；fewer
28．（2020上·江苏苏州·八年级校考阶段练习）Lily’s math is much better than ______ in her class.
A．the other boys’ B．any boy’s C．other boys’ D．any other boy’s
29．（2020上·江苏苏州·八年级校考阶段练习）— What do you think of the dress
— Wonderful. I don’t think I can get a ______ one.
A．good B．better C．bad D．worst
30．（2020上·江苏苏州·八年级苏州工业园区星湾学校校考阶段练习）Chongqing is hotter than ______ in Sichuan and ______ in China.
A．any city; any city B．any city; any other city C．any other city; the other cities D．any other city; any city
31．（2020上·江苏苏州·八年级苏州市振华中学校校考阶段练习）Which city do you think is ________ from Nanjing, Beijing or Dalian
A．farthest B．far C．farther D．the farthest
32．（2020上·江苏苏州·八年级校考期中）The more you read the book, the ________ you will feel in it.
A．more interesting B．more interests C．more interested D．less interesting
33．（2020上·江苏苏州·八年级苏州市振华中学校校考阶段练习）Daniel is a great manager. He can do work better with ________ people and ________ money.
A．fewer; less B．more; less C．fewer; more D．less; fewer
34．（2020上·江苏苏州·八年级苏州市振华中学校校考阶段练习）—How can I get a high mark in the coming exam
—The ________ you write, ________ mistakes you will make.
A．more careful; the fewer B．more careful; the less
C．more carefully; the fewer D．more carefully; the less
35．（2020上·江苏苏州·八年级校考阶段练习）Shanghai is bigger than ________ in Shandong.
A．any other city B．the other cities C．another city D．any city
【解题技巧】
阅读理解A篇一般以图表分析为主，主要按照三步骤走，即找定推原则。
找：找题干中的关键词，关键词特点：大特重的单词（大：大写字母开头，特：特殊的符号，如数字或者书名号等，重：重要的实词如名词形容词动词副词等）
定：带着从题干中找到的关键词回到原文中去定位具体段落
推：根据题目找出具体答案
【例题详解】
A
（2023上·江苏徐州·八年级校考期末）March 12 marks China’s National Tree-Planting Day. On this day, lots of people across the country will put their work aside for a while and plant trees. What do you usually do on Tree-Planting Day Have you ever planted a tree And do you know how to plant a tree correctly
The first and most important thing to remember is that you must choose the right tree and the right location(地点). In other words, you must choose the tree that is best suited to your location. After that, take a look at the following picture. The picture will help you find out more about planting trees correctly.
1．By writing this article, the writer mainly wanted to ________.
A．teach people how to plant trees B．encourage people to plant more trees
C．share a useful picture he recently saw D．show people how to choose the right trees
2．According to the article, the very first step of planting a tree is to ________.
A．remove all the tying ropes B．cut off all the crossing branches
C．protect the trunk with a tree guard D．choose the right tree and the right location
3．If the root ball of a tree is 50 centimetres deep, the planting hole should be ________deep.
A．25 centimetres B．50 centimetres C．100 centimetres D．150 centimetres
B
（2022上·江苏镇江·八年级统考期末）Learn English in New Zealand
Learn English in New Zealand at Language Schools New Zealand (LSNZ). Our Christchurch and Queenstown schools in the South Island of NZ are the perfect places to learn English.
What is your dream
Do you dream of speaking English very well
Do you dream of travel, making friends, a lifestyle using English
LSNZ will help you to achieve your dream.
Language Schools New Zealand Christchurch and Queenstown are in the fascinating South Island of New Zealand. Both English schools are fully recognized (认证) by NZQA and are in beautiful NZ places. LSNZ offers many kinds of English courses including General English, Exam Preparation, Study & Ski and more. Our friendly hard-working staff have helped many students from all over the world achieve their dream of using English in their lives. We invite you to become a member of the LSNZ family.
LSNZ English Courses.
Enroll (注册) now for a LSNZ English course—we promise your English will improve and offer 2 NZ schools with excellent teachers and small class sizes.
● General English
● IELTS
● Study & Ski
● Combo Course
Cambridge, Toeic & Pitmans Exam preparation courses are offered at both schools.
4．Christchurch and Queenstown schools ________.
A．only offer four English courses B．are in the North Island of New Zealand
C．are the perfect places to travel D．have students all over the world
5．What may students mainly do in Christchurch and Queenstown schools
A．Improve their English. B．Make many friends from New Zealand.
C．Travel around New Zealand. D．Find some interesting jobs.
6．The text above may be ________.
A．a news report B．a life story C．a notice D．an advertisement
C
（2022上·江苏南京·八年级校考期末）The great sale is coming this e on! Choose some interesting books from our online bookstore.
One day, Mr popper receives a box with a penguin （企鹅）inside! He names it Cook and helps him find a wife. When the Cooks have ten cute baby penguins, Mr popper starts to worry about raising them.
Are you interested in fine art This book can help you understand art in an easy way. It shows different art styles. Also, you can enjoy many great artworks and learn about the life stories of forty artists.
Little Nutbrown Hare is very cute in the book. He shows his father how much he loves him. Then the father also shows that he loves Little Nutbrown Hare much more.
7．How many penguins does Mr popper have in the book
A．One. B．Two. C．Ten. D．Twelve.
8．Which book is about family love
A．The New Way Things Work B．Mr Popper’s Penguins
C．A Child’s Introduction to Art D．Guess How Much I Love You
9．Where can we see the advertisement
A．On the Internet. B．In a magazine. C．In a newspaper. D．In a storybook.
D
（2022上·江苏扬州·八年级统考期末）
The three astronauts on the Shenzhou XIV mission returned to Earth on Sunday evening after a six-month mission that completed the in-orbit assembly (在轨组装) of the Tiangong space station. A capsule carrying Chen Dong, Liu Yang and Cai Xuzhe, touched down on Earth at the Dongfeng Landing Site in northwestern China’s Gobi Desert at 8:09 pm after flying nine hours. This has become the first time that Chinese astronauts have returned to Earth at night.
Argentina won the 2022 FIFA World Cup on Sunday, beating France in penalty kicks (点球) in one of the most dramatic matches in the history of the sport. After a 3-3 tie through extra time, Argentina won 4-2 in penalty kicks. Lionel Messi is a man on a mission at the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar.
The travel code, a We Chat-based lite app that records people’s movements to know they had not been to any dangerous area in the last 14 days, is being officially dropped from midnight on Tuesday, December 13, 2022. It will make travel easier.
The Chinese capital Beijing has reported a rise in the number of flights recently after the country changed its COVID-19 rule. The total number of flights rose by 169 percent on Sunday from the beginning of December at the Beijing Capital International Airport and the Beijing Daxing International Airport.
10．How long did the three Chinese stay in the Tiangong space station
A．For a year. B．For five months. C．For half a year. D．For eight months.
11．Which of the following is true according to the passage
A．France beat Argentina in the final match in Qatar.
B．The travel code will be dropped from December 14, 2022.
C．The Chinese astronauts have returned to Earth at night twice.
D．The number of flights rose before the country changed its COVID-19 rule.
12．We can read the information above in ________.
A．a newspaper B．an advertisement C．a guidebook D．a fashion magazine
参考答案：
present n. 现在，目前 ['preznt]
just adv.刚才 [d st]
used to (过去持续或常发生)曾经
since conj.自…以来 [s ns]
ever adv.曾经，永远，这以前 ['ev ]
northern adj. 北方的，北部的 ['n n]
married adj. 已婚的，结婚的 [ m r d]
wife (pl. wives) 妻子 [wa f]
block n. 街区 [bl k]
since conj.自…以来 [s ns]
over prep.在…期间 [' v ]
turn ... Into ... 把…变成…
pollution n.污染；污染物 [p lu ( )n]
factory n.工厂 ['f kt ri]
waste n.废料；废品 [we st]
realize 意识到；实现 ['r la z]
improve vt.& vi.改进，改善 [ m'pru v]
situation n.形势，情况 [s tj e ( )n]
in some ways 在某种程度上
however adv.然而 [ha 'ev ]
impossible adj. 不可能的 [ m p s bl]
before adv.以前，过去，已经 [b 'f ]
lonely adj. 孤独的，寂寞的 ['l nli]
from time to time 不时，有时，偶尔 [fr m//ta m//tu //ta m]
anyway adv.尽管，即使这样 [ en we ]
husband n.丈夫 ['h zb nd]
interview n.采访；会见 [ nt vju ]
all one's life 一生
yet adv.还，仍 [jet]
recently adv.近来，最近 ['ri sntli]
past n.过去 [pɑ st]
environment n. 环境 [ n'va r nm nt]
transport n.交通车辆，运输工具 [tr ns p t]
condition n.环境，条件，状况 [k n d ( )n]
return vi.返回 [r 't n]
last adv.最近，上一次；最后 [lɑ st]
abroad adv.到（在）国外 [ 'br d]
primary adj. 小学教育的；初级的 [ pra m ri]
keep in touch 保持联系
communicate vi.&vt.交流，交际 [k mju n ke t]
communication n.交流，交际 [k mju n ke ( )n]
exactly adv.（答语）正是，没错 [ g'z ktli]
be/get used to 习惯于，适应于
narrow adj. 狭窄的 [ n r ]
open space 开阔的空地
【例题详解】
1．C
2．B
3．D
4．C
5．D
6．B
7．C
8．D
9．A
10．B
11．B
12．D
13．B
14．C
15．D
16．B
17．B
18．B
19．B
20．C
21．C
22．B
23．A
24．D
25．C
26．B
27．A
28．B
29．B
30．B
31．C
32．C
33．A
34．C
35．D
1．A 2．D 3．B
4．D 5．A 6．D
7．D 8．D 9．A
10．C 11．B 12．A