北京市丰台区2023-2024学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题（含答案）

丰台区2023~2024学年度第一学期期末练习
高三英语
2024. 01
本试卷共12页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
笔试（共三部分100分）
第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
All my friends had made the football cheerleading team except me. My name was 1 from the list. I still sat with them at lunch, still laughed at their jokes, 2 I felt as if I didn't belong. I fought back tears, wanting to be strong.
Knowing that next year would bring a new round of try-outs, I started practicing and was determined to see my name on the list. However, my dad suggested that I get involved in a school-sport- 3 as anyone could sign up with no try-outs. I had no idea what I was getting myself into. I only 4 I might participate in it until I made the cheerleading team again.
On the track team, running pushed me to work harder than I ever knew I could. Race after race, I continued to feel my lungs burning from the 5 . I guessed that I wanted to 6 myself to see if I could improve my running time.
The next year when spring came around, I was thrilled to make the football cheerleading team, when, incredibly, I received a letter from a new cross-country coach, 7 me to join his running team. I didn't have a reason for choosing running over cheerleading, 8 the fact that I followed my heart.
When I called the coach and told him I would give it a try, I never realized that one simple 9 would change the direction of my life. Within one year, I became one of the fastest female cross-country runners.
We can be who we were born to be or we can just follow the crowd. And when I chose to be a runner, I chose to be 10 to myself.
1. A. coming B. missing C. turning D. changing
2. A. but B. so C. or D. for
3. A. throwing B. cheerleading C. football D. running
4. A. recorded B. heard C. figured D. concluded
5. A. effort B. diseases C. needs D. interest
6. A. accept B. challenge C. express D. treat
7. A. sending B. asking C. teaching D. reminding
8. A. in case of B. in spite of C. rather than D. other than
9. A. decision B. complaint C. evaluation D. expectation
10. A. friendly B. tolerant C. true D. respectful
第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
The turtle dove is the UK's fastest-declining bird species, according to a recent study. The data, 11 （record） by almost 1, 000 volunteers, farmers and county bird clubs, shows there are now nearly 2, 100 pairs left, down from some 125, 000 pairs in 1970. Loss of habitats and shooting in southern Europe 12 （think）to be driving the decline. There is hope, however, as the government 13 （work） with landowners to allow more food supplies in the habitats now.
B
In May, the COMA C919, China's first domestically designed passenger plane, 14 （successful）completed its first flight, marking a milestone in China's space history. So far, China has solved 15 （difficulty）in more than 100 key technologies and applied for more than 10, 000 patents. In the past, China mainly depended 16 the technologies from other countries, but it is applying its own today, helping to promote the high-quality 17 （develop） of the country's economy.
C
Anna Jones is a journalist, 18 first book, Divide-The Relationship Crisis Between Town and Country, was longlisted for the 2022 James Cropper Wainwright Prize. 19 （grow） up on a farm and working in the city have given Anna a rare insight into rural life. Anna started the non-profit communications project "Just Farmers" in 2018. She also runs a media education program to help farmers find confidence to share 20 they have experienced with the wider world.
第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
If you would like to volunteer abroad, you've come to the right place. Here are a variety of volunteering opportunities, including medical, sports, and wildlife conservation in Africa, which can help gain hands-on international work experience and learn things you'll never get out of a textbook.
Medical and Healthcare Projects
If you're a medical student hoping to gain some valuable experience, we have suitable placements for you. We have projects, which can really use the skills of qualified volunteers, such as doctors, nurses, dentists and a whole range of professions. If you are unskilled, but have an interest and would like to assist in this field then you can also help in many project areas.
Sports Coaching Projects
Our sports volunteer projects involve children of different ages and abilities, or sometimes adults as well. Therefore, anyone with sports coaching skills will be put to very good use, trying to bring on the African sports stars of the future. You'll be able to help organize sporting activities, teach new sports to the children, coach them in their sports sessions and even play football against the local team-don't expect to win!
Wildlife and Conservation Projects
Wildlife conservation volunteering in Africa can be hard work at times as you have to deal with the human-wildlife conflicts and ensure local communities benefit from conservation. However, there are some major positives, generally based in some of the most amazing natural areas. They get you behind the scenes of places that tourists will often pay large amounts of money to visit on holiday. If you have relevant conservation experience or qualifications, or as part of your studies, then please get in touch.
21. In Wildlife and Conservation Projects, you will ______.
A. pay for the holiday visits
B. organize community activities
C. provide medical services
D. handle the human-wildlife conflicts
22. What benefits can you get from the three projects
A. Professional trainings.
B. Qualification promotion.
C. Work experience.
D. Historical adventures.
23. The passage is intended to ______.
A. describe life in Africa
B. share traveling memories
C. introduce volunteering projects
D. explain the importance of working abroad
B
Mouth open in wonder and horror, Laurent Pelletier stares at the bush cricket that has landed in front of him on the picnic table. "Can we eat it " he asks his mum. "Can I take it as a travel companion "
In early 2022, Laurent's parents decided to quit their jobs. They took their four children, Mia, Léo, Colin, and Laurent, travelled over 52, 000 miles and visited 13 countries. Over the months, the world constantly unveiled（显露） itself. The kids played pat-a-cake with uniformed schoolchildren in Botswana, and while in Tanzania they tried African traditional dances with locals and stayed on a banana farm. In Thailand, they touched an elephant, calling out in surprise at how rough it felt. Rarely did they talk about why they were abroad in the first place, with one exception. While travelling along a dusty Mongolian highway last summer, Laurent, who had seemed unaware of what was to come, asked, "What does it mean to be blind How will I cross the street Will I be able to drive a car "
"It's like when you have your eyes closed, "his mother said. "It won't happen overnight, but slowly, over years. "Being blind, she continued, didn't mean the end of the world. Rather, the world would be different. Nothing would prevent them from doing most things, including skiing, swimming or even becoming scientists who worked on cures for their disease. Laurent nodded, then went back to making up his own games to pass the time.
The four kids will become blind, likely in adulthood. They have a disease called retinitis pigmentosa （RP）, a group of related eye disorders that cause progressive eyesight loss. By far, it has no effective treatment, and it will gradually take away their eyesight. However, their parents still want their kids to lead full lives, whether they're blind or not. The trip has reinforced（增强） what they believe all these years-the kids will find their way.
Each day, their parents watch the kids change, physically and emotionally. Laurent grows taller and needs more independence. Both Léo and Colin become more confident and outgoing, unafraid to engage with strangers. "Today, my eyesight is good and I'm going to make the most of it, "says Mia. "Tomorrow, we will rise to the challenge. "
24. According to the passage, what did the family experience on their trip
A. They did the farm work.
B. They took elephant rides.
C. They completed zoo tours.
D. They enjoyed the folk dance.
25. What made Laurent's parents decide to quit their jobs
A. Their kids' health.
B. Their work challenges.
C. Their family dreams.
D. Their passion for nature.
26. What did the trip mainly bring to the kids
A. Strong bodies.
B. Social skills.
C. Positive mindset.
D. Language ability.
27. What can we mainly conclude from this passage
A. Travelling is to seek for an interesting life.
B. Nothing is impossible to a determined heart.
C. One's potential cannot always be underrated.
D. Treasure what you have and live life to the fullest.
C
Too Much Information
Computer hackers, in order to get more secret information, constantly improve at breaking into cyberdefenses （网络防御系统） to steal valuable documents. So some researchers propose using an artificial-intelligence algorithm （算法） to hopelessly confuse them, once they break in, by hiding the real deal in a mountain of misleading documents and information.
The algorithm, called Word Embedding-based Fake Online Repository Generation Engine （WE-FORGE）, creates decoys of patents under development. If hackers were after, say, the recipe for a new drug, they would have to find the relevant needle in a sea of false documents. This could mean checking each recipe in detail--and perhaps investing in a few dead-end ones. "The name of the game here is, 'Make it harder, " explains V. S Subrahmanian, its developer, Dartmouth College Cyber Security researcher. "Pain those stealing from you. "
Subrahmanian says he tackled this project after reading that companies are unaware of new kinds of cyberattacks for an average of 312 days after they begin. "Hackers have almost a year to decamp with all our documents, patents and intellectual property, "he says. "They have stolen almost everything. It's not just the crown jewels-it's the crown jewels, and the jewels of the cleaning lady, and the watch of the secretary!"
The documents produced by WE-FORGE could also act as hidden traps to confuse hackers, says Rachel Tobac, CEO of SocialProof Security. These documents might alert security when panies have typically used human-created false copies for this strategy. But now the algorithm is able to do that for us.
The system produces convincing traps by searching through a document for key words. For each one it finds, it calculates a list of related concepts and replaces the original term with one chosen at random. The process can produce dozens of documents that contain no patent information but still look credible. Subrahmanian and his team asked computer science and chemistry graduates to evaluate real and false patents from their respective fields. And the humans found the WE-FORGE-created documents highly believable.
WE-FORGE might eventually expand its boundary. Both Subrahmanian and Tobac think this research will attract commercial interest. "I could definitely see an organization investing in this type of product, " Tobac says. "If this creates believable decoys without releasing sensitive details within those traps, then I think you've got a huge with there. "
28. What does the underlined word "decoys" in Paragraph 2 refer to
A. Misleading documents.
B. Original terms.
C. Computer operating systems.
D. Cyber securities.
29. In Paragraph 3, what Subrahmanian says indicates ______.
A. the greediness of hackers
B. the wealth of the companies
C. the unreliability of the network
D. the variety of intellectual property
30. What can we learn about WE-FORGE
A. It will sound alarm upon being operated.
B. It is profitable for the users by avoiding their loss.
C. It has attracted investors for its application in many fields.
D. It can compose irrelevant concepts in the false documents.
D
The scientists behind a new database of more than 400 extreme weather attribution（归因） studies have performed an essential service. This piece of work, drawing together every study of this type, ought to create a greater sense of urgency around policymaking and campaigning. It shows that intense heatwaves, hurricanes, and floods have all been made far more likely by greenhouse gas emissions. And it spells out the alarming unpredictability as well as the extent of global heating's consequences.
Until the early 2000s, when the first attribution studies were published, it was harder to link CO2 in the atmosphere with global heating's sensible effects. Thanks to a growing body of research, now we know. The last summer's record-breaking “heat dome"（热穹顶） across the globe would have been almost impossible without human-caused climate change.
"Beauty is truth, truth beauty, " wrote the poet John Keats just over 200 years ago. When it comes to climate, truth can feel closer to terror these days. But scientists are right to insist that the reality must be faced. Indeed, this is the only way to avoid the most disastrous outcomes. In a new book, Hothouse Earth, Prof Bill McGuire argues that we have reached a stage when minimising dangers should be regarded as "climate appeasement".
Like the historical responsibility for carbon emissions, attitudes and experiences in the present crisis are unevenly and unjustly shared out. Billions of people around the world, and above all in the global south, are caught up day-to-day in a struggle for survival. This doesn't mean they don't recognise global heating; subsistence （勉强维持生活） farmers and fishers are more directly exposed to environmental damage than anyone else. But western governments, businesses and people who are relatively sheltered from global heating's worst effects should recognise this as the privilege that it is. With this year's Climate Change Conference fast approaching, western governments must follow through on their promises of climate finance to enable a green transition in the developing world.
The purpose of attribution science is not simply to warn the world about what is happening, but to aid preparations for what has not happened yet. The most alarming global trend, apart from still-rising emissions that mean we are on course for 2. 5°C of heating, is the unexpected speed with which it is already causing chaos. Given what we now know about the impact of 1°C of warming, it is no exaggeration to say that this trend is disastrous.
But alternatives exist, and insisting on this point has never been more important. The alarming findings of attribution scientists can give rise to desperation-but must not be allowed to end determination and hope.
31. The attribution studies imply that ____.
A. policies addressing climate issues are ineffective
B. it is hard to link CO2 with the effects of global heating
C. the extent of global heating's consequences is unpredictable
D. humans are to blame for the increased occurrence of disasters
32. How does Prof Bill McGuire feel about the present climate crisis
A. Worried.
B. Doubtful.
C. Optimistic.
D. Puzzled.
33. What can we learn from this passage
A. The global south is in urgent need of financial support.
B. The speeding up of global warming has spelled trouble.
C. Global heating affects western countries to a larger extent.
D. The effort to reduce greenhouse gas emission has worked.
34. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To urge the public to follow the science.
B. To persuade the scientists to further their study.
C. To assess the current policy on the climate crisis.
D. To confirm the public's concern for global heating.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Power of "Like"
Like it or love it, social media is a major part of life. Teens spend more than half of their waking hours online. And most of what they do is read and respond to posts by friends and family. Clicking on a thumbs-up or a heart icon is an easy way to stay in touch. 35
Clicking "like" on a post can increase the number of people who see it. If other people have liked a post, new viewers will be more likely to like it too. Many social media sites share more of the higher-ranked posts. 36
According to recent studies, viewing one's own posts with a lot of likes activates the reward system in their brains, especially for teens. Positive responses to teens' own photos （in the form of many likes）tell them that their friends appreciate the material they're posting. 37 Seeing someone else's popular photo, however, doesn't necessarily turn it on. More likely, it may affect behavioral attitudes.
38 In one 2011 study, in which teens doing driving task in a lab took more risks when their friends were around, suggests that teens were changing their behavior to try to get social approval. Last year, researchers recruited （招募） 32 teens to check whether they make similar changes when using social media. They found that popular photos might signal to them that what's in those photos is socially acceptable. 39 That means that what you like online has the power to influence not just what others like, but even what they do.
A like is a social cue. Teens use it to learn how to navigate their social world. Clicking"like" is a simple act that can have complex results. All tech users will be thoughtful about social media.
A. As a result, that popularity can feed on itself.
B. It's no surprise that feedback from peers affects how teens behave.
C. Joining social media can give people a sense of being in the know.
D. Their brains respond to those likes by turning on the reward center.
E. For example, images related to alcohol may encourage teens to drink.
F. And that can, inappropriately, make us feel less successful than them.
G. But those "likes" can have power that goes beyond a simple connection.
第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
The idiom "No I' in Team" is based on a pun （双关语）-The word "team" does not contain the letter "i", which highlights the idea that instead of focusing on themselves as individuals, team members should work together to achieve their common goals.
When it comes to achieving success, there's no denying that teamwork plays a crucial role. We've all been there-group projects at school, working with colleagues at the office or playing sports with teammates. A successful team agrees and sets goals based on outcomes and results to complete its tasks. It's important that each member knows the direction the team is working toward, their responsibilities, and how they aim to achieve the team's collective goals. It's essential that group members within the team share workloads and help each other to succeed.
Mostly, in typical workplace culture, being focus on individual pursuits is considered plain selfish, but is supporting individuals in their own pursuits really anti-team Evidence suggests that putting the "I" back into team can improve workplace productivity and employee engagement. In the 1990s the Harvard Business School did research, demonstrating the benefits of giving employees paid time to follow their own individual pursuits. Since then, some notable companies have introduced unstructured time into their workplaces.
Globally, 85% of employees are disengaged in their work. In Daniel Pink's book Drive, he argues that the best way to motivate employees is not through the carrot and stick approach but rather through allowing and enabling them to direct their own lives. When teams understand what matters to the individuals within them, they are able to better empathise with each other and have each others' backs.
There is an "I" in team and when we start to implement programs that support individuals in their pursuits, we may just find they are more creative, more engaged and more productive.
40. What idea does the idiom "No 'I' in Team" highlight
41. Why is it important to put "I" back into team
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
According to Danile Pink, the effective way to motivate the 85% employees is to set the goal the company would like their employees to achieve.
43. As an individual, how can you play your role in a team
第二节（20分）
假设你是李华。你的英国笔友Chris第一次去中国同学家中做客。他给你发来邮件，询问去中国家庭做客的社交礼仪。请你用英文给他回邮件，内容
包括：
1. 社交礼仪；
2. 提出建议。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Chris,
Yours,
Li Hua
丰台区2023~2024学年度第一学期期末练习
高三英语参考答案
2024. 01
第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1. 5，共15分）
1. B
2. A
3. D
4. C
5. A
6. B
7. B
8. D
9. A
10. C
第二节语法填空（共10小题；每题1. 5分，共15分）
11. recorded
12. are thought
13. is working
14. successfully
15. difficulties
16. on
17. development
18. whose
19. Growing
20. what
第二部分阅读理解
（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
21. D
22. C
23. C
24. D
25. A
26. C
27. D
28. A
29. A
30. B
31. D
32. A
33. B
34. A
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
35. G
36. A
37. D
38. B
39. E
第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
40. Instead of focusing on themselves as individuals, team members should work together to achieve their common goals.
41. It can improve workplace productivity and employee engagement.
42. According to Danile Pink, the effective way to motivate the 85% employees is to set the goal the company would like their employees to achieve.
According to Daniel Pink, the best way to motivate employees is not through the carrot and stick approach but rather through allowing and enabling them to direct their own lives.
43. As an individual in a team, I should firstly understand my role within the team and work to achieve my duties to the best of my ability. Working well with others is also important because it shows that I'm committed to achieving both personal and organizational goals. （47w）
第二节（共20分）
Possible version
Dear Chris,
How's everything going I'm delighted to learn that you are having dinner with a Chinese family. Chinese culture values certain customs during social gatherings, so I'd like to share some tips on how to behave properly during your stay here.
First, like English people, the Chinese attach great importance to being punctual. So, please arrive on time. It's also customary to bring a small gift to show your appreciation. Presents like flowers or a bottle of wine will be much welcomed. When at the dinner table, you're advised to participate in the conversation. But remember not to talk with your mouth full. It will be quite embarrassing and impolite. Finally, don't forget to compliment the host on the delicious food. It's considered polite to express your enjoyment of the meal.
I hope my tips might be helpful for you. Enjoy the gathering with your friends. （145w）
Yours,
Li Hua