惠州市综合高级中学2023-2024学年第一学期期中考试
高二英语试卷（A）
第一部分 阅读 (共两节，满分60分)
第一节 （共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
It goes without saying that sitting at a desk for a majority of the day will hurt our health. But don't worry because there is a solution! After spending much time investigating the different offers when it comes to exercise equipment suitable for the office, I'd like to reveal some of my top recommendations.
☆ Stability Cushion These cushions are excellent to relieve back pain and shoulder aches, stabilize joints and strengthen muscles. Pros & Cons ·Small and lightweight ·Works well for lower back and posture ·Inflating (充气) isn't easy for some ☆ Under-desk Elliptical Keeping your feet in motion while seated can go a long way to keep you happier, reduce stress, and increase your productivity Pros & Cons ·Easy to carry like a briefcase ·Whisper quiet and easy to use ·The rubber around the metal bar can wear out over time
☆ Fitness Tracker What gets measured gets managed, and one great way to keep track of your fitness data is a fitness tracker. A fitness tracker records your energy levels, steps, distance, hourly activity and more Pros & Cons ·Very comfortable to wear ·Lots of apps can be operated together ·Various customized options ·Sometimes there are connectivity issues ☆ Balance Ball Chair Sitting on a balance ball leads to increased energy and productivity.In that way, it's perfect for completing tasks at home or in the office. This chair promotes micro-movements, core strength, and stimulation Pros & Cons ·Straightforward to build ·A great solution if you experience back pain ·Needs to be reinflated often
1.Who are the intended readers of the text
A. Fitness trainers. B. Recovering patients. C. Office workers. D. Furniture designers.
2. Which equipment promises to improve work efficiency
A. Stability Cushion and Fitness Tracker.
B. Stability Cushion and Balance Ball Chair.
C. Under-desk Elliptical and Fitness Tracker.
D. Under-desk Elliptical and Balance Ball Chair.
3. What may be the problem of Fitness Tracker
A. It wears out easily over time.
B. It may fail to get linked at times.
C. It offers few personalized choices.
D. It doesn't allow the use of other apps.
B
The idea of climbing Everest disgusted me. The mountain came to represent the opposite of everything that I loved and respected about climbing. What had once been the final mountain climbing goal became the focus of a commercial guiding industry. Over the years, the crowds at Base Camp grew, leaving behind tons of trash. Whenever I was asked whether I’d climb Everest, my answer was always the same: not interested.
That’s probably where my personal Everest story would have ended, were it not for an old friend and his obsession (执念) with one of the greatest mysteries. In 1999, Thom Pollard began to explore and found the remains of George Mallory, the celebrated British climber who disappeared while attempting to be the first to climb Everest. But Mallory’s partner, Sandy Irvine, and the camera he had likely carried, were not found. The mountain climbing world has been wondering whether they might have reached the top in 1924.
Pollard’s story moved me. I began to pack for the climb and expected that our advanced equipment would make it manageable, perhaps easy. I was wrong. On the highest point on the planet, I was more tired than I’d ever been in any climbing. Along the way, I continuously tipped my hat, not just to Mallory and Irvine but to anyone who has the drive to push himself or herself up this route. My search was in vain, but I began to reconsider Everest.
I witnessed many climbers, who were much more than just self-centered tourists. We shared route information, weather forecasts, and family photos-all united around common goals.
I went to Everest to seek Irvine. But in the end, I found something more difficult to get: the spirit that Irvine and Mallory shared. It was hiding in plain sight, right where it has always been: inside the brave souls who risk so much to follow in storied adventurers’ footsteps up Everest.
4. What is the main reason why the author hated climbing Everest
A. He changed his climbing goal.
B. Everest was seriously polluted by trash.
C. Everest became an industry to make money.
D. The mountain was too crowded with climbers.
5. Why did the author climb Everest later
A. Because he desired to challenge himself.
B. Because he got motivated by Thom Pollard.
C. Because his old friend persuaded him to climb again.
D. Because he wanted to follow the footsteps of Mallory and Irvine.
6. What does the underlined phrase “tipped my hat” in Paragraph 3 mean
A. Expressed my gratitude.
B. Proved my determination.
C. Relieved the tiredness.
D. Showed my respect.
7. What is the last paragraph mainly about
A. Admiration for the climbers.
B. Concern about the risk.
C. Confidence about the journey.
D. Hope for Everest’s future.
C
Every year thousands of people come to the city of Pamplona, in north-eastern Spain, for the opportunity to run for their lives as six fighting bulls are released to charge through the town. There are injuries and deaths every year, but the event is of interest to many people. A paper just published in Science describes the insight the event offers into the psychology of panicked crowds.
That is a useful topic to explore. Architects, civil engineers and urban planners must try to work out how people will behave in the event of a disaster like a fire, a flood or a terrorist attack so they can design their creations to avoid potentially deadly collisions (碰撞). Unfortunately, solid information is hard to come by. Daniel Parisi, the paper’s lead author, realised that the Pamplona bull-runs offered the perfect natural experiment.
Dr Parisi and his team went to two different rooftop locations in Pamplona in July 2019, and filmed the runners as the animals were released, Later in the lab, they calculated the speed of the runners, the density (密度) of the crowd, the probability of a runner tripping and falling and the relationship between runner-group density and speed.
Perhaps unsurprisingly, the researchers found that runners picked up speed when the bulls drew near. Less expected was the finding that the speed of individual runners increased with the density of the crowd, which was contrary to a long-held assumption in architectural and urban-design circles that people will slow their pace as group density goes up, in order to lower the risk of a collision, which could lead to a fall and, perhaps, injury or death.
Yet it seems that, in the heat of the moment, people pay little attention to the danger of colliding with each other, and do not slow down. The responsibility therefore falls upon urban designers to work out how best to plan the construction of future tunnels, bridges and other passages that restrict flow. The only option may well be to make them wider.
8. What did Dr Parisi and his team do in Pamplona
A. They proved his theory.
B. They recorded a bull-run.
C. They watched a thrilling bull-fight.
D. They designed a psychological experiment.
9. What was the unexpected finding in the study
A. People slowed down in crowded areas.
B. Tripping posed a danger to bull-runners.
C. Bulls coming near made people running faster.
D. People tended to speed up in high-density crowds.
10. What is implied in the last paragraph
A. People lose their mind in disasters.
B. Future tunnels and bridges may be wider.
C. Panicked crowds are aware of the danger of collision.
D. Restricting flow helps to prevent people colliding each other.
11. Which is the best title for the text
A. How crowds react to panic
B. Bull-runs caught on in Spain
C. Dr Parisi’s finding shocks the world
D. What architects can learn from bull-running
D
On January 1st, 2018, “gaming disorder”- in which games are played uncontrollably, despite causing harm-gained recognition from the World Health Organization (WHO). Last year, China, the world’s biggest gaming market, announced new rules limiting children to just a single hour of play a day. Clinics are appearing around the world, promising to cure patients of their habit.
Are games really addictive Psychologists have different opinions. The case for the defence is that this is just another moral panic. Similar warnings have been given about television, rock ‘n’ roll, jazz, comic books, and even novels. As the newest form of mass media, gaming is merely enduring (忍受) its own time before it finally stops being controversial.
However, some argue that unlike rock bands or novelists, games developers have both the motive and the means to engineer their products to make them addictive. For one thing, the business-model has changed. In the old days games were bought once and for all. But these days, games are free and money is earned from purchases of in-game goods, which ties playtime directly to developers’ income. For another, games makers combine psychological theory and data, which helps them maximize the playtime. Smartphones and modern video game machines use their permanent Internet connections to send gameplay data back to developers. That allows products to be constantly adjusted to increase spending on games.
The gaming industry should realize that, in the real world, it has a problem, and that problem is growing. Now that gaming addiction comes with an official WHO recognition, diagnoses (诊断) become more common. Clinics are already reporting booming business, as lockdowns have given gamers more time to spend with their hobby. And being put together in the public mind, fairly or not, with gambling will not do the industry any favors.
12. What is the function of Paragraph 1
A. To arouse the readers’ interest about the topic.
B. To inform the readers of the harmful effects of games.
C. To discuss whether it is necessary to panic about games.
D. To show growing public concern about the problem of games.
13. Why is television, together with other media forms, mentioned in Paragraph 2
A. To prove that the panic over games will fade away.
B. To show that they are as highly addictive as games.
C. To compare the differences among these media forms.
D. To argue that these media forms are not harmful at all.
14. How do games developers make games addictive
A. They don’t charge players for in-game goods.
B. They adjust products based on received data.
C. They reward top players with more playtime.
D. They keep players’ video game machines updated.
15. In the last paragraph, the author aims to ______.
A. offer a suggestion B. make a prediction C. give a warning D.put forward a solution
第二节 （共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Science shows that stretching (拉伸) is essential after exercise. Stretching lengthens and mobilizes the connective tissue around your muscle. What’s more, stretching helps your blood flow and even relieves your stress. 16
You could feel sick. You won’t be surprised to know that when you exercise, you raise your heart rate for a period of time. While it’s great to get that blood flowing, it’s just as important to get your heart rate back to a normal level after the workout is over. 17 As your heart is beating faster and your body temperature is higher, you could pass out or feel sick if you stop too fast. Stretching after physical activity allows a gradual decrease at the end of the episode.
Your muscles will likely become stiffer and more sore. When you exercise your muscles, it produces lactic acid (乳酸), which is actually what causes your muscles to become sore. When you rest between periods of exercise, your body naturally breaks down that lactic acid. One thing that helps your body get rid of that lactic acid 18 . Stretching helps you distribute oxygen throughout your body, which can reduce lactic acid production and rid your muscles of any accumulation of lactic acid.
19 Flexibility is closely related to injury risk. Poor flexibility will cause you to have muscles that get tired quicker and joints that are more likely to suffer from injury. Besides，your weakened range of motion will lead to less blood and nutrients to your joints. 20 Sticking to stretching exercise after physical activity can hopefully improve your flexibility.
A. You’ll be at risk of injury.
B. You guessed it: Stretching.
C. You’ll improve your flexibility by stretching.
D. It does wonders for both your physical and mental health.
E. This is also known in the fitness world as “cooling down”.
F. There are harmful side effects if you don’t stretch after exercise.
G. That’s why people often feel pain in their “weight bearing” joints like knees and hips.
第二部分 语言运用（共四节，满分40分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给A、B、C、D的四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Ida Nelson was showering in her sister’s bathroom when she heard the noise of a small airplane 21 the nearby airport. It was 11:30 at night in the Alaskan village of Igiugig, population 70 and, as she later told the reporters, “Any time a plane flies over that 22 , you know something is wrong.”
Nelson and her sister ran to the window,and saw the 23 : the airport’s runway lights were out.
Nelson 24 some clothes, jumped into her ATV, and floored it to the airport,where she found an airport attendant trying to turn on the lights manually.
“ 25 , if you push the button 10 or 15 times, the lights will just light up,” Nelson said.Not this time. Meanwhile, she and the attendant 26 of the plane’s urgent mission:It was there to transport a seriously ill local 27 to the nearest hospital, 280 miles away in Anchorage.
Nelson had a(n) 28 . Driving her ATV to the end of the run way, she 29 her headlights on the way for the plane to follow. Great idea, but it wasn’t 30 . More light was needed, so a neighbor 31 nearly every home in the village — 32 of them.
Within twenty minutes, twenty 32 arrived at the airport, many of the drives still in nightclothes. Following directions from the pilot,the cars 33 up on one side of the runway.
The plane made its final approach and, guided by the headlights, landed safely.The young patient was 34 onto the aircraft, and the plane immediately took off again. Soon she was released from the hospital, completely recovered.
In a world filled with uncertainty,the little community’s positive activism was a(n) 35 deal, just as people like Nelson did.
21．A．leaving B．reaching C．attacking D．circling
22．A．late B．low C．fast D．loudly
23．A．reason B．secret C．problem D．result
24．A．threw on B．tried on C．put up D．picked up
25．A．Immediately B．Consequently C．Normally D．Temporarily
26．A．thought B．dreamed C．talked D．learned
27．A．girl B．boy C．doctor D．pilot
28．A．laughter B．plan C．aim D．suggestion
29．A．turned B．shone C．had D．gave
30．A．enough B．available C．active D．much
31．A．begged B．searched C．called D．met
32．A．villagers B．planes C．vehicles D．policemen
33．A．took B．went C．showed D．lined
34．A．invited B．loaded C．made D．charged
35．A．honest B．easy C．brave D．big
第二节 (共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The youth version of The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) successfully entered the stage of the Spring for Chinese Arts at the Beijing Tianqiao Performing Arts Center.
The Peony Pavilion, 36 cultural treasure of the world, was written by China’s Ming Dynasty playwright and writer Tang Xianzu, who is compared to William Shakespeare. And Kunqu Opera, 37 (combine) songs performed in the Suzhou dialect, graceful body movements, martial arts and dance, was 38 (origin) born in the region of Kunshan, Jiangsu Province. It was listed as one of the representative 39 (work) of the oral and intangible heritage of humanity by UNESCO in 2001.
Kunqu Opera uses a seemingly endless 40 (vary) of gestures to express specific emotions and has distinguished itself by its rhythmic patterns. It also has a major impact 41 all the more recent forms of opera in China, such as Peking Opera.
42 excites the organizing committee is that The Peony Pavilion 43 (attract) a growing young audience since its first performance in Beijing. Up to now, Beijing Tianqiao Performing Arts Center, 44 aim is to emphasize the inheritance, promotion, development and popularization of traditional Chinese culture and arts, has also held many exhibitions related to traditional drama, and established the Peking Opera inheritance class 45 (popularize) the traditional art to children.
第三节 (共5小题；每小题 1 分, 满分 5 分)
阅读下面句子，在空白处填入括号内单词的适当形式。
She is (commit) to promoting her project.
Tom was __________ (absence) from the meeting again and we were all used to it.
The （real） is that no one will invest in this project.
The company has ______ (steady) increased its market share in the past ten years.
Trains are___________(rely), cheap and best for long distance journeys.
第四节 (共5小题；每小题 1 分, 满分 5 分)
阅读下面句子，根据中文提示从方框内选择合适的单词，在空白处填入其适当形式。
appeal to, break out, have a good command of, in addition, be comprised of
The teacher chooses some more films that ___________us teenagers.
The house_____________five rooms, which are very large.
Practice benefits our confidence. , it can make us have a better understanding of what we have learned.
A fierce conflict between Palestine and Israel , resulting in thousands of deaths and many injuries.
Applicants will be expected to computer skills and English.
第三部分 写作（满分30分）
第一节 应用文写作（满分15分）
科技的发展给我们的工作和生活带来了很多改变，未来科技的发展对于当代青少年最大的影响就是职业的变化，如出现了新兴产业，或者工作方式发生了改变。设想一下10年后的自己，给现在2023年的自己写一封信，内容包括：
写信目的；
你未来的职业和工作内容（与未来科技相关），如机器人设计师、发明家或新时代医生等；
简短地给现在的自己建议与寄语。
注意：1.人称用You或者I均可；2.写作词数应为80左右；3.请在答题卡相应位置作答。
(
Dear Me,
I'm YOU in 10 years!
Best regards!
Me in 10 years
)
第二节 读后续写（满分15分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A little boy selling magazines for school walked up to a house that people rarely visited. The house was very old and the owner hardly ever came out. When he did come out, he would not say hello to his neighbors but simply glare at them.
The boy knocked on the door and waited, sweating from fear of the old man. The boy’s parents told him to stay away from the house, and a lot of the other neighborhood children were told the same thing from their parents.
As he was ready to walk away, the door slowly opened. “What do you want ” the old man said impatiently. The little boy was very afraid but he had a quota (份额) to meet for school with selling the magazines. So he got up the courage and said, “Uh, sir, I am selling these magazines and uh, I was wondering if you would like to buy one from me.”
The old man just stared at the boy without a word. The boy could see inside the old man’s house and saw that he had some dog figurines (小雕像). “Do you collect dogs ” The little boy asked. “Yes, I have many collections in my house. They are my family here and they are all I have.” The boy then felt sorry for the man, as it seemed that he was a very lonely soul.
“Well, I do have a magazine here for collectors. It is perfect for you. I also have one about dogs since you like dogs so much.” The old man was ready to close the door on the boy and said, “No, boy. I don’t need any magazines of any kind, now goodbye.”
The little boy was sad that he was not going to make his quota with the sale. He was also sad for the old man being so alone in the house. The boy went home and then had an idea. He had a little dog figurine that he got some years ago from an aunt. The figurine did not mean nearly as much to him since he had a real live dog and a large family.
The boy headed back to the old man’s house. ______________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________惠州市综合高级中学2023-2024学年第一学期期中考试
高二英语试卷（A）（参考答案）
阅读：
1.C 2. D 3.B
4.C 5. B 6. D 7. A
8. B 9. D 10. B 11. D
12. D 13. A 14. B 15. C
七选五：
16. F 17. E 18. B 19. A 20. G
完形填空：
21-25 DACAC 26-30 DABBA 31-35 CCDBD
语法填空：
36.a bining 38．originally 39．works 40．variety 41．on 42．What 43．has attracted/has been attracting 44．whose 45．to popularize
词形变化：mitted 47.absent 48. reality 49. steadily 50.reliable
选词填空：
51.appeal to 52.is comprised of 53.In addition 54. broke out 55.have a good command of
应用文写作(15分)
Possible version 1
Dear ME,
I’m YOU in 10 years!
Knowing that you are curious about what your future job will be like, I’m writing to help you picture it.
In 10 years, you’ll become a psychological consultant. With the advanced technology, there’s no need for patients to consult a doctor in person. Seeing a doctor will be convenient, especially for the disabled or those exposed to autism (孤独症). What they need to do is to put a “headpad” on their heads, and the device will read their mind. By the way, you are the one who will invent the chip of the “headpad”. Thousands of patients have fully recovered thanks to your invention.
Please be confident and work hard to equip yourself with extensive knowledge. Trust me. Hard work will eventually pay off.
Best wishes,
ME in 10 years
Possible version2
Dear ME,
I'm YOU in 10 years!
I know you’re really curious about your future career at the moment, so I’m writing this letter to put your mind at rest.
In 10 years, you’ll be a farmer. You’ll give instructions on a heads-up display while a robot does all the real work for you. With the assistance of integrated sensors, the amount of fertilizers can be controlled automatically and the production and quality can be improved efficiently.
What you can do now is to equip yourself with knowledge on farming so as to get well prepared for it. Don’t worry! The future will be great. Just remember that a bright future is waiting for you.
Best regards!
Me in 10 years
第二节 读后续写 (满分15分)
The boy headed back to the old man's house. He knocked on the door again and this time the old man came right to the door. “Boy, I thought I told you no magazines!” The old man shouted at him angrily. “Sir, I am not selling magazines. I just want to bring you a gift.” With a smile, the little boy presented his dog figurine to the old man. Looking at the boy, the old man was surprised and moved, as no one had ever shown him so much kindness. And he bought a magazine happily. From that day on something changed inside the old man. He started coming out of the house and talking to his neighbors warmly and pleasantly. Soon, he and the boy became friends. The boy was proud of the old man. He visited the old man frequently and even brought his real live dog to his house once in a while. With the boy’s company, the old man was no longer a lonely soul.
【阅读&完形的详解】
A篇【解析】
第1题 C 细节理解题。由文章第一段第一句“It goes without saying that siting at a desk for a majority of the day will hurt our health. ”和最后一句“…when it comes to exercise equipment suitable for the office…”可知本文主要针对的对象是一天中大部分时间坐在办公桌前的人群，结合常识每天大部分时间都在办公桌前的人一般都是办公族，故选C。
第2题 D 细节理解题。由Under-desk Elliptical小标题下第一句最后“and increase your productivity”可知Under-desk Elliptical可以提高工作效率，由Balance Ball chair小标题下第一句开头“Sitting on a balance ball leads to increased energy and productivity in that way”可知坐在平衡球上可以提高生产力，efficiency对应productivity，故选D。
第3题 B 细节理解题。由题干定位到Fitness Tracker的Cons中“Sometimes there are connectivity issues”有时会出现连接问题，get linked对应connectivity，故选B。
B篇【答案】4. C 5. B 6. D 7. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。在Thom Pollard的激励下，作者开始攀登珠峰，但他发现这比他想象得要难很多，作者对那些冒着巨大风险追随传奇探险家的脚步攀登珠穆朗玛峰的勇敢灵魂表达了钦佩之情。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“What had once been the final mountain climbing goal became the focus of a commercial guiding industry.”（曾经的最终登山目标成为了商业向导行业的焦点。）可知，作者讨厌攀登珠峰是因为它变成了一个赚钱的行业。故选C。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Pollard’s story moved me.”（波拉德的故事打动了我。）可知，作者后来攀登珠峰是因为被Thom Pollard打动了。故选B。
【26题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段第四句“On the highest point on the planet, I was more tired than I'd ever been in any climbing.”（在这个星球的最高点，我比以往任何一次攀登都要累。）和第五句中的“not just to Mallory and Irvine but to anyone who has the drive to push himself or herself up this route”（不只是对马洛里和欧文，还有所有有动力推动自己走上这条路的人）可知，此处是指向这些人致敬。故选D。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段最后一句“It was hiding in plain sight, right where it has always been: inside the brave souls who risk so much to follow in storied adventurers' footsteps up Everest.”（它隐藏在显而易见的地方，就在它一直存在的地方：在那些冒着巨大风险追随传奇探险家的脚步攀登珠穆朗玛峰的勇敢灵魂的内心里。）可知，作者在最后一段中表达了他的钦佩之情。故选A。
C篇【答案】8. B 9. D 10. B 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。在Pamplona，每年有很多人来看“奔牛”，科学家通过研究“奔牛”过程中人们奔跑速度的快慢，发现跑步者的速度随着人群密度的增加而增加，这给了建筑设计师关于城市建设的很多启示。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Dr Parisi and his team went to two different rooftop locations in Pamplona in July 2019, and filmed the runners as the animals were released. (2019年7月，Parisi博士和他的团队前往Pamplona的两个不同的屋顶，拍摄了这些动物被释放出来时人们奔跑的景象)”可知，Parisi和他的团队拍摄了牛被放出来时的场景。故选B项。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Less expected was the finding that the speed of individual runners increased with the density of the crowd, which was contrary to a long-held assumption in architectural and urban-design circles that people will slow their pace as group density goes up, in order to lower the risk of a collision, which could lead to a fall and, perhaps, injury or death. (有些出人意料的是，研究发现，跑步者的速度随着人群密度的增加而增加。这与建筑和城市设计界长期以来的假设相反，即随着人群密度的增加，人们会放慢速度，以降低发生碰撞的风险，因为碰撞可能导致摔倒，甚至受伤或死亡)”可知，研究意外发现，人群密度越大，人们跑得越快。故选D项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“The responsibility therefore falls upon urban designers to work out how best to plan the construction of future tunnels, bridges and other passages that restrict flow. The only option may well be to make them wider. (因此，城市设计师的责任在于研究如何最好地规划未来隧道、桥梁和其他通道的建设去限制流量。唯一的选择很可能是把它们加宽)”可知，未来的桥梁和隧道可能会更宽阔。故选B项。
D篇【31题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段 “A paper just published in Science describes the insight the event offers into the psychology of panicked crowds. (一篇刚刚发表在《科学》上的论文描述了对这次活动恐慌人群的心理洞察)”以及最后一段“The responsibility therefore falls upon urban designers to work out how best to plan the construction of future tunnels, bridges and other passages that restrict flow. (因此，城市设计师的责任在于研究如何最好地规划未来隧道、桥梁和其他通道的建设去限制流量)”可知，本篇章不仅是谈论奔牛，而是讨论“奔牛作为观察人们在危险中如何表现的自然实验场景”给建筑设计师的启示。故选D项。
【答案】12. D 13. A 14. B 15. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。“游戏障碍”被世界卫生组织列为疾病。不同心理学家就游戏是否真的让人上瘾这一问题展开讨论。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。由第一段“On January 1st, 2018, “gaming disorder” — in which games are played uncontrollably, despite causing harm — gained recognition from the World ealth Organization (WHO). (2018年1月1日，世界卫生组织认证了“游戏障碍”——它指的是人们不受控制地玩游戏，尽管会造成伤害)”和“Clinics are appearing around the world, promising to cure patients of their habit. (世界各地都出现了承诺治愈患者习惯的诊所，)”可知，“游戏障碍”已经被官方列为疾病，甚至于出现了很多诊所来治疗此问题。这些现象都说明了大众对游戏问题越来越关注。故选D。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。由第二段“The case for the defence is that this is just another moral panic. Similar warnings have been given about television, rock’ n’ roll, jazz, comic books, and even novels. (辩方认为这仅仅是另一种道德恐慌，电视、摇滚乐、爵士乐、漫画书甚至小说也发出了类似的警告)”可知，辩方认为游戏上瘾和电视、摇滚乐等其它都只是道德恐慌。结合段尾“As the newest form of mass media, gaming is merely enduring (忍受) its own time before it finally stops being controversial. (作为一种新型的大众媒体，游戏在它最终停止争议之前，只是在经历它自己的时代)”可推断出，引用电视等其它媒体形式目的是为了强调游戏并没有那么恐慌，它和其它媒体方式一样，都有自己存在的时间，最终这种恐慌会消失。故选A。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。由第三段“Smartphones and modern video game machines use their permanent Internet connections to send gameplay data back to developers. That allows products to be constantly adjusted to increase spending on games. (智能手机和现代电子游戏机利用自身永久性的互联网连接将游戏数据传回开发者。这可以让产品能够不断调整来增加游戏支出)”可之，游戏开发者是通过接收到的数据不断调整产品，让产品越来越受吸引欢迎。故选B。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“The gaming industry should realize that, in the real world, it has a problem, and that problem is growing. (游戏行业应该意识到在现实世界中，游戏存在一个问题，而且这个问题还在不断恶化)”和“And being put together in the public mind, fairly or not, with gambling will not do the industry any favours. (而在大众心中，无论公平与否，与赌博放在一起都不会给游戏行业带来任何好处)”可知，作者对游戏呈负面态度，是在给游戏行业提出警告，大众不会认同和赌博挂钩的行业。故选C。
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
【答案】36. F 37. E 38. B 39. A 40. G
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了运动结束后不做拉伸会带来一些不好的结果。
【36题详解】
根据前文“Science shows that stretching (拉伸) is essential after exercise. Stretching lengthens and mobilizes the connective tissue around your muscle. What’s more, stretching helps your blood flow and even relieves your stress.”（科学研究表明，运动后的伸展运动是必不可少的。拉伸可以延长和调动你肌肉周围的结缔组织。更重要的是，伸展运动可以帮助你的血液流动，甚至减轻你的压力。）讲述了运动结束后的拉伸运动的好处。下文“You could feel sick. ”（你会觉得恶心。）描述了不做拉伸带来的结果。所以作为本段的结尾可以描述，运动结束不做拉伸会带来一些不好的结果。F项“运动后不做伸展运动会有副作用。”，符合题意，故选F。
【37题详解】
根据前文“You won’t be surprised to know that when you exercise, you raise your heart rate for a period of time. While it’s great to get that blood flowing, it’s just as important to get your heart rate back to a normal level after the workout is over. ”（当你锻炼的时候，你会在一段时间内提高你的心率，你不会感到惊讶。虽然让血液流动是很好的，但是在锻炼结束后让你的心率恢复到正常水平也同样重要。）讲到运动结束后要让心率恢复到正常的水平是重要的。E项“这在健身界也被称为“降温”。this指代前文“to get your heart rate back to a normal level ”，符合题意，故选E。
【38题详解】
根据前文“One thing that helps your body get rid of that lactic acid ”（有什么东西能帮助你身体摆脱乳酸？）可知，空处应讲述这种东西是什么。B项“你猜对了，（就是）伸展运动。”符合题意，故选B。
【39题详解】
根据下文“Flexibility is closely related to injury risk.”（柔韧性与受伤风险密切相关。）提到了身体的柔韧程度关系到受伤风险的大小。结合第一段最后一句内容，可知接下来的内容讲述了运动结束后不做拉伸会带来不好的结果，所以空白处应该描述你会经历受伤的风险。A项“你会有受伤的危险。”符合题意，故选A。
【40题详解】
根据前文“Poor flexibility will cause you to have muscles that get tired quicker and joints that are more likely to suffer from injury. Besides, your weakened range of motion will lead to less blood and nutrients to your joints. ”（柔韧性差会导致你的肌肉更容易疲劳，关节更容易受伤。此外，你活动范围的减弱会导致你的关节血液和营养物质的减少。）提到了柔韧性差会让肌肉更容易疲劳，关节更容易受伤，同时活动范围的减弱会导致关节血液和营养物质的减少，所以空处应承接前文，讲述这种情况的具体表现。G项“这就是为什么人们经常感到膝盖和臀部等“承重”关节疼痛的原因。”语义上承接前文，符合题意，故选G。
第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
41-45 DACAC 46-50 DABBA 51-55 CCDBD
【解析】
41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：艾达·尼尔森(Ida Nelson)当时正在姐姐的浴室里洗澡，突然听到一架小型飞机在附近机场盘旋的声音。A. leaving离开；B. reaching到达；C. attacking攻击；D. circling圈出；盘旋。根据“something is wrong”可知，飞机场跑道出问题了，飞机只能在空中“盘旋”等待。故选D项。
42．考查副词词义辨析。句意：飞机这么晚飞过，你就知道出事了。A. late迟地；B. low低地；C. fast快速地；D. loudly吵闹地。根据“It was 11:30 at night ”可知，时间是夜里11:30，而飞机在这么“晚”的时候来这个小镇，你就可以知道，一定出问题了。故选A项。
43．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尼尔森和她的妹妹跑到窗口，发现了问题:机场的跑道灯熄灭了。A. reason原因；B. secret秘密；C. problem问题； D. result结果。根据“the airport’s runway lights were out.”机场跑道灯光不亮可知，这是个“问题”。故选C项。
44．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：尼尔森穿上衣服，跳上她的沙滩车，把车开到机场。A. threw on匆匆穿上；B. tried on试穿；C. put up举起；D. picked up捡起。根据“Ida Nelson was showering in her sister’s bathroom ”Nelson正在洗澡，可知此处是“匆忙穿上”一些衣服。故选A项。
45．考查副词词义辨析。句意：正常情况下，如果你按10次或15次按钮，灯就会亮起来。A. Immediately立刻；B. Consequently结果；C. Normally通常地；D. Temporarily暂时地。根据下文“the lights will just light up，”可知，按了按钮灯光就亮了起来，这是“正常地”。故选C。故选C项。
46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，她和乘务员得知了飞机的紧急任务。A. thought思考；B. dreamed梦想；C. talked讨论；D. learned学习；了解。根据冒号后面的内容，可知她和那个机务人员“了解到”飞机前来救人的紧急任务。故选D项。
47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它在那里将一名重病当地女孩送往280英里外的安克雷奇最近的医院。A. girl女孩；B. boy男孩；C. doctor医生；D. pilot飞行员。下文54空前后提示这是一个“年轻的”、“she”，故应该是个“女孩”。故选A项。
48．考查名词词义辨析。句意: 尼尔森有个计划。A. laughter笑声；B. plan计划；C. aim目标；D. suggestion建议。下文提到Nelson她的具体做法，故此处是她有了“打算”。故选B项。
49．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她在路上照了照前灯，让后面的飞机过来。A. turned转向；B. shone照射；C. had有；D. gave给。她“打开”她的汽车灯让飞机可以“跟从”注意on和 the runway是一个短语，而不是和 turn组成短语，就不会误选了。故选B项。
50．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很棒的主意，但这是不够的。A. enough足够的；B. available可获得的；C. active积极的；D. much太多的。从下文More light was needed，需要更多的灯，把村里所有的人家都通知开车过来照亮可知，一辆车的灯光是“不够的”。故选A项。
51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：于是，一个邻居给村里几乎每户人家都打了电话—32户人家。A. begged；B. searched搜寻；C. called打电话；D. met遇见。根据“More light was needed, so”可知，事情紧急，故此时应该是“打电话”通知每一家人。故选C项。
52．考查名词词义辨析。句意：20分钟内，20辆车到达了机场。A. villagers村民；B. planes飞机；C. vehicles车辆；D. policemen警察。从下文the cars，可知到来的是“车辆”。故选C项。
53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据飞行员的指示，汽车在跑道的一侧排成一行。A. took拿；B. went走；C. showed展示；D. lined排队。根据“ up on one side of the runway”得知，汽车“排列”在跑道的一侧。故选D项。
54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位年轻的病人被送上了飞机。A. invited邀请；B. loaded装载；C. made制造；D. charged收费。这个年轻的病人病情危重，故只能被“装载”入飞机，而不可能是其他动作。故选B项。
55．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在一个充满不确定性的世界里，这个小社区的积极行动是一件大事。A. honest诚实的；B. easy简单的；C. brave勇敢的；D. big大的。在这个充满不确定性的世界里，这个小小社区的积极的行动是“了不起”的大事。故选D项。
