(共18张PPT)
Unit 4
Period 3
Listening and Speaking
新 课 导 入
Credit, or the offering of money loans for repayment, has existed since the Bronze Age. For most of this history, lenders relied mainly on their subjective judgement when deciding whether or not a borrower was creditworthy. With the development of information technology and data analysis, more and more countries are building their own credit systems with objective credit rating methods. People’s activities such as credit card payments, loan payments, etc, are recorded and scored, and will affect their future creditworthiness.
Did You Know
Read and answer the questions
1. What is credit
2. How is a peson’s creditworthiness judged in different times
3. What activities will affect a person’s future creditworthiness
1. What is credit
2. How is a peson’s creditworthiness judged in different times
3. What activities will affect a person’s future creditworthiness
Credit means the offering of money loans for repayment, or the status of being trusted to pay back money to the lenders.
In the past, a peson’s creditworthiness mainly relied on the lenders’subjective judgement. At present, it is judged according to objective credit rating methods.
People’s activities such as credit card payments, loan payments, etc, will affect their future creditworthiness.
课 堂 学 习
1
Listen to the conversation and choose the topics discussed.
1 The tips to book a good hotel.
2 The importance of being creditworthy.
3 The origin of the credit system.
4 The benefits of a social credit system.
5 The cost of having a bad social credit record.
2
Listen to Part I and complete the paragraph.
I have been 1 _____________________ on time, returning books to the library 2 ___________________________, and using 3_________________ properly. As a reward, we didn’t have to pay a deposit when 4 _____________________ during our trip to Hangzhou. The hotel is very nice, and it’s quite near the West Lake. This is just one of the many benefits of the social credit system which enables
5 _________________________ to enjoy a more convenient life
6_____________.
paying credit card bills
in good condition without delay
the shared bicycles
we checked in at a hotel
people with good social credit
at a low cost
Listen to Part II and answer the questions.
1. What was the man prohibited from doing and why
He was prohibited from renting an expensive car because the credit system showed that he was a laolai.
2. What restrictions are mentioned that are caused by a bad social credit record
Apart from renting expensive cars, they may also find it hard to buy flight tickets or tickets for high-speed rail services, among other things.
3. What could the social credit system contribute to
The social credit system is an encouragement to those who can be relied upon to do the right thing, and the system is an effective way to build a friendly, honest and safe society.
How did that happen
What’s that
Could you tell me more about it
Let me explain.
It enables...
How is that so
What does that mean
It means...
It’s definitely an encouragement to...
...an effective way to...
3
Complete the boxes with the expressions from the conversation.
Asking for clarification
Clarifying
Stating advantages
How did that happen
What’s that
Could you tell me more about it
How is that so
What does that mean
Let me explain.
It means...
It enables.
It’s definitely an encouragement to...
...an effective way to...
4
Read the leaflet and answer the questions. Pay attention to the words and expressions in bold.
Finance
management
tips for freshmen
Welcome to Winfield University. While you’re doing your degree here, most of you must also handle money on your own for the first time. You will have to pay bills and handle budgets to make ends meet. Here are some tips for you to stay afloat.
Find the banking services that meet your needs and will help you save money, such as accounts with free online banking services.
Building credit is important throughout your life, so be careful when opening your first credit card account. Look for a card with good benefits and no annual fees. Always make payments on time, or your credit score will be affected.
Start saving now. Save a small amount each week, and increase it each month. This is a widely recognised good habit for personal finance management, and you can receive interest on your savings.
1
2
3
Making some extra money is an option. But keep two things in mind: make sure that it doesn’t interfere with your studies, and pay any tax as required by law.
Make rational spending choices and never exceed your agreed credit limit. Avoid luxuries so that you don’t go into debt.
4
5
1. What suggestions are given to help students save money
Find the banking services that meet your needs and will help you save money. Save a small amount of money each week from now on, and increase it each month.
2. What do you need to pay attention to when spending money
Be careful when opening your first credit card account. Look for a card with good benefits and no annual fees. Always make payments on time. Make rational spending choices and never exceed your agreed credit limit. Avoid luxuries so that you don’t go into debt.
3. What do you need to bear in mind when making extra money
Make sure it doesn’t interfere with your studies, and pay any tax as required by law.
Now answer the questions:
5
Match the words and expressions to their meanings.
budget, make ends meet, stay afloat, build credit,
annual fee, interest, tax, agreed credit limit, go into debt
1 ____________: the amount of money needed or available for certain purposes
2 _____________: to have enough money to buy what you need to live
3 ____________: to be out of debt or financial difficulty
4 ____________: money paid to the government, usually a percentage of personal income or of the cost of goods
5 ____________: to accumulate the quality of being creditworthy
budget
make ends meet
stay afloat
tax
build credit
budget, make ends meet, stay afloat, build credit,
annual fee, interest, tax, agreed credit limit, go into debt
6 ________________: the maximum amount of money that may be borrowed under a credit arrangement
7 ____________: to get into the state of owing money
8 ____________: costs automatically charged once a year to your credit card account
9 ____________: the amount of money charged by a bank when you borrow money, or paid to you when you keep money in an account.
agreed credit limit
go into debt
annual fee
interest
Now think about other words and expressions associated with managing personal finances.
Personal finance management
Make rational spending choices
Pay tax
Pay annual fees
Deposit money in the bank
Stay afloat
Over budget
Within budget
Pocket money
Do part-time jobs
Budget
Build credit
Make ends meet
Save money
6
Work in pairs. Give suggestions on how to manage your finances and maintain a good social credit record using the words and expressions in this section.
Now talk about how effectively you and your partner have used the words and expressions in this section and suggest ways to improve.
1. Share your view on building social credit system.
2. Retell the finance management tips for freshmen.(共33张PPT)
Unit 4
Period 1
Starting out & Understanding ideas
How did people make payments in ancient times
课 前 导 入
课 堂 学 习
Watch the video and answer the questions.
1 What is the video about
2 What stages are mentioned in the video What are they like
1
Starting out
1. What is the video about
2. What stages are mentioned in the video What are they like
The video is about the development of currency.
There are different stages in the development of currency. Long before money was invented, people used a barter system to buy and sell things. A barter system is a way to exchange goods and services for other goods and services. Later, some goods became more widely accepted than others. These could be used to calculate the value of other products and services. Around the 11th century BC, Chinese people started to use small pieces of bronze to trade things. In the early stages, coins of different shapes were used. The coins were standardised in the Qin Dynasty and started to take a circular shape with a square hole through the middle. Around the year 1000, the Chinese began to use paper money. The Song Dynasty saw the introduction of jiaozi, which is said to be not only the first example of paper currency used in China, but also in the world. Today, we have a modern system of coins and paper notes, but this is continuing to change and develop to other forms.
1. A barter system
2. small pieces of bronze
3. paper money
4. coin＆paper currency
5. mobile payment
The Development of Currency
Look at the pictures and answer the questions.
2
1 What activities are shown in the pictures
2 What do they have in common
3 What other economic activities are part of your daily life
1. What activities are shown in the pictures
2. What do they have in common
The pictures show some daily activities,namely paying coins for some vegetables, using an ATM card to withdraw money, donating money to people in need, paying through an app on a smart phone.
These pictures all show types of economic behaviors, and they are all related to currency of various forms.
3.What other economic activities are part of your daily life
Online shopping
In-app Purchase, including digital goods or subscriptions
1
Understanding ideas
Look at the charts and answer the questions.
1. What options do college students have after graduation
They can get a full-time job, pursue further education, or start their own business. They may also choose not to have a job.
2. What does the second chart tell you about the trend of college graduates starting their own businesses
1) From 2009 to 2015, the percentage of university graduates who started a business rose.
2) Between 2015 and 2016, the percentage remained almost at the same level, about 3%, while in 2017, the percentage declined.
3. What do you think the trend will look like in five years’ time
I think the trend will rise in five years’ time due to the policy of starting one’s own business as well as the development of social media and Internet economy.
Based on the title Business Blossoms and the picture below, please predict: what would be talked about in the passage
Maybe it is about a young girl who starts a business of flowers.
2
Read the passage and find out what decision did Zhang Yue make to develop her career
Business Blossoms
1As she spoke, Zhang Yue put her hands behind her back to hide that they were shaking. She couldn’t, however, hide the line of sweat running down her forehead, which was caused partly by the heat of the television studio, but more by fear of the four people seated in front of her. They stared back, their blank faces giving no clue as to what they would say next. Feeling dizzy, Zhang Yue took a deep breath as she struggled to finish her presentation, “And that is why I need your help in turning my new and exciting business into a successful one.”
2Now chairwoman of her own company, Zhang Yue is fond of saying, “The early bird catches the worm.” The place where this happens is a valley, a world away from any television studio. Moving carefully through the darkness, she passes row upon row of rose plants. In an hour, these fields will be full of people, working quickly to pick the flowers before sunrise. “It has to be done then,” says Zhang. “These flowers are delicate.”
3Zhang never thought that this was something she would end up doing. Surrounded by roses as she was growing up, she paid them little attention. It was only after graduating from university overseas and returning to visit her parents that Zhang realised the potential. “Conditions are ideal here,” she says. “This is a place where roses grow wild.”
4Zhang therefore decided to return to her home town and grow roses, which surprised many people. “I wanted to experience the freedom of being my own boss,” she said. “But I also wanted to give something back to my home town. As people say, ‘It takes a village to raise a child.’”
5She is not the only young person to have been bitten by the start-up bug. All over the world, an increasing number of enterprising young people are thinking of starting their own businesses, as the growing economy creates more opportunities. Like Zhang, they present their ideas in the hope of getting investment and advice, and they have the same passion and devotion. The majority meet with rejection. A few, like ZhangYue, find themselves lucky enough to get investment and the all-important input and support from more experienced business people. The road to their success is however still a long and difficult one, with many challenges along the way.
6As someone who grew up in the country, Zhang already knew about growing plants. However, like any entrepreneur who was just starting out, she still had a lot to learn. She has overcome a number of obstacles in nursing her business to the success it is today. “The biggest challenge at the initial phase was to persuade people to work for me, which was totally outside my experience. Few in the village believed I could create a multi-million yuan business from flowers,”says Zhang. “After I went on TV, a major Asian manufacturer of cosmetics was willing to purchase my product and help with its distribution. It was only then that the locals began to believe me. Now my product is one of the best in Asia. This year, I can pay all my fellow workers a decent bonus.”
7Seeing her peers who also dream of success and independence, Zhang has mixed feelings. Though she welcomes the new entrepreneurial spirit, she advises that people be realistic and seek guidance from expert consultants before rushing into things.
8I love running my own business, but it’s not for everyone,” says Zhang. “To succeed in business, you need more than a good idea, hard work and determination. What really matters is a sound business plan, access to capital, and good management and negotiating skills. Most of all, don’t be too ambitious. You should know your own limits and those of the people you work with. For young people who have little life experience, that can be a challenge.”
3
Read the passage quickly and finish the two tasks.
1. Choose the type of the passage. Give your reasons.
A. An argumentation.
B. A feature story.
C. An exposition.
Reason: Because the passage mainly talks about a young woman and her business.
2. Choose the main purpose of the passage and give your reasons.
A. To introduce the main reasons why young people choose to start their own businesses.
B. To analyse the pros and cons of young people starting their own businesses.
C. To encourage all young people to start their own businesses after graduation.
D. To help young people think more realistically before starting their own businesses.
E. To teach young people the correct procedures for starting their own businesses.
As it puts in paragraph 7: Though she welcomes the new entrepreneurial spirit, she advises that people be realistic and seek guidance from expert consultants before rushing into things.
Organise information from the passage and complete the interview notes.
4
Interview notes
Programme Young start-ups
Interviewee Zhang Yue
Occupation 1 _____________ of Rose Valley Co., Ltd
Date 26 April
General situation of the company
One of the best rose products in Asia.
A major Asian manufacturer of cosmetics
2 ________________________________________________________________ .
Reasons for starting a business in her home town
3 ________________ for growing roses.
Experiencing the freedom of 4________________________.
5 ____________________________________________________
chairwoman
was willing to purchase the product and help with its distribution
An ideal place
being her own boss
Giving something back to her home town.
4
Challenges
Getting investment.
6_______________________________________
Advice for young entrepreneurs
You need a good idea, hard work, 7 _________________,
8 _____________________________, access to capital, and
9_____________________________________________________.
10 ______________________________________
Know your own limits and those of the people you work with.
Persuading people to work
for her.
determination
a sound business plan
good management and negotiating skills
Don’t be too ambitious.
Now work in pairs. Act out the interview based on the interview notes.
Think & Share
1 What do you think has contributed to Zhang Yue’s success
2 What other difficulties do you think young people encounter when starting their own businesses
3 Have you ever thought about starting your own business
Give your reasons.
4 How well do you understand the characteristics of a feature story How are these characteristics reflected in the reading passage
1.What do you think has contributed to Zhang Yue’s success
There are so many things that contributed to her success, such as her passion and devotion, hard work and determination, sound business plans and good management as well as negotiating skills, luck to get investment and support from experienced business people.
2.What other difficulties do you think young people encounter when starting their own businesses
Some other difficulties may be encountered, such as lack of money, not being understood by parents, misjudgment of the market.
3.Have you ever thought about starting your own business
Give your reasons.
Of course, I have thought about starting my own business. I dream of enjoying the freedom of being my own boss. I wish to earn a lot of money all by myself. I am eager to achieve my value by offering others job chances.
4.How well do you understand the characteristics of a feature story How are these characteristics reflected in the reading passage
Feature stories are human-interest articles that focus on particular people, places and events.
Feature stories are journalistic, researched, descriptive, colorful, thoughtful, reflective, thorough writing about original ideas.
Language points
1. She couldn’t, however, hide the line of sweat running down her forehead, which was caused partly by the heat of the television studio, but more by fear of the four people seated in front of her.
【句型分析】running down her forehead 分词短语作后置定语；which...studio非限制性定语从句，修饰sweat。
2. They stared back, their blank faces giving no clue as to what they would say next.
Paraphrase：They stared back and their faces showed no clue that could help her know what they were going to say next.
在用分词短语做状语时，它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一致。但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为独立结构。本句中的their blank faces giving no clue as to what they would say next 是一个“名词+动词现在分词形式”的独立结构。本句中的独立结构表示伴随的动作，相当于with their blank faces giving no clue as to what they would say next。独立结构除表示伴随动作外，还可以用来表示时间、原因、条件、目的等。
e.g. The shower being over, we continued to march.
阵雨过后，我们继续行进。
3. Feeling dizzy, Zhang Yue took a deep breath as she struggled to finish her presentation.
【词汇拓展】
hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
out of breath 上气不接下气
lose one’s breath 喘不过气来
breathe in 吸气；吸入（气体）
breathe out 呼气；呼出（气体）
e.g. We lifted our heads to breathe in the fresh, clean air.
我们抬起头来呼吸新鲜、干净的空气。
4. The biggest challenge at the initial phase was to persuade people to work for me, which was totally outside my experience.
Paraphrase: I had never tried to talk people into working for me before, and this was the biggest challenge at the beginning of my business.
(1) at the initial phase意为 “在初始阶段”。
e.g. The exploration to the universe is still at the initial phase.
对宇宙的探索还在初始阶段。
(2) outside one’s experience直译是“不在某人的经验之内”，也就是“没有经验”，与此相对的表达是from/in one’s experience。
e.g. From my experience, it may take more than two months for the patients to be fully recovered.
以我的经验来看，这些病人可能需要两个多月才能彻底康复。
(3) which was totally outside my experience是由which 引导的非限制性定语从句，对to persuade people to work for me起补充、说明的作用。
5. It was only then that the locals began to believe me.
【句型分析】本句为强调句型，强调的是时间状语“then”。
基本结构：It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分。当被强调部分是人，且作主语时，可用who或that，其他情况下一律用that。
6. Though she welcomes the new entrepreneurial spirit, she advises that people be realistic and seek guidance from expert consultants before rushing into things.
Paraphrase: She likes young people’s enthusiasm for starting their own businesses. However, she suggests that they should be practical in the face of the reality, and they’d better ask experts for advice before hurrying into anything.
(1) 本句中短语entrepreneurial spirit为the spirit/passion of starting a business.
(2) that引导的从句使用了虚拟语气。在表示“建议、命令、要求”等意思的词后面如果接名词性从句，从句的谓语动词形式为（should）do，本句即为省略了should的虚拟语气用法。
e.g. I suggest that we all(should)learn some knowledge about robotics.
我建议我们都学学关于机器人的知识。
7. What really matters is a sound business plan, access to capital, and good management and negotiating skills.
Paraphrase: There are some very important things: a reasonable business plan, a way to get investment, and good skills to run the business and communicate with people.
(1) 本句中What really matters是一个主语从句，这样的结构可以避免句子“头重脚轻”，也能让语言表达更加简洁、清晰，同时还有强调主语的功能。
(2) business plan 前的形容词 sound意为 good/sensible
e.g. He gave me some very sound advice.
他给了我一些很合理的建议。
access 意为the right/opportunity to use something
e.g. In some African countries people have no access to the Internet.
在一些非洲国家，人们没有机会使用互联网。
1. Retell the development of currency.
2. Share your idea on Zhang Yue’s advice for young entrepreneurs.(共21张PPT)
Unit 4
Period 2
Grammar
课 堂 学 习
attributive clauses
1
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
a This is a place where roses grow wild.
b The biggest challenge at the initial phase was to persuade people to work for me, which was totally outside my experience.
1 What does “where” refer to in sentence (a)
“Where” in sentence (a) refers to “a place”.
2 What does “which” refer to in sentence (b)
“Which” in sentence (b) refers to “to persuade people to work for me”.
3 Which sentence contains a clause with essential information about the subject
4 Which sentence contains a clause with extra information about the subject
Sentence (a).
Sentence (b).
Now look for more sentences with attributive clauses in the reading passage.
She couldn’t, however, hide the line of sweat running down her forehead, which was caused partly by the heat of the television studio, but more by fear of the four people seated in front of her.
Zhang therefore decided to return to her home town and grow roses, which surprised many people.
As someone who grow up in the country, Zhang already knew about growing plants.
However, like any entrepreneur who was just starting out, she still had a lot to learn.
Seeing her peers who also dream of success and independence, Zhang has mixed feelings.
For young people who have little life experience, that can be a challenge.
【语法讲解】
(1) 在复合句中作定语，修饰名词、代词等的从句叫定语从句。
(2) 在复合句中，被定语从句修饰的名词、代词等，叫做先行词。
先行词一般出现在定语从句之前。有时先行词是整个句子。
e.g. They sent my child to the school every morning, which I considered a great help to me.
(3) 引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。
定语从句
分类 关系词 指代对象 在从句中的作用
关系代词 who 指人 作主语、宾语、表语
whom 指人 作宾语
whose 指人或物 作定语
that 指人或物 作主语、表语或宾语
which 指物 作主语、宾语、表语、定语
as 指人或物 作主语、宾语、表语
关系副词 when 指时间 作时间状语
where 指地点 作地点状语
why 指原因 作原因状语
定语从句中的关系词
关系词的作用
引导定语从句
代替先行词
在定语从句中担当一个成分
关系词指代先行词在定语从句中充当成分，因此在定语从句中不能再重复先行词或指先行词的代词。
注意
定语从句的分类
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
和先行词的关系密切，不用逗号分开;
可用关系词 that 引导;
可以省略关系词（关系词作宾语时）
作宾语时，可用 who或that替代whom
只可修饰先行词，不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分
翻译成“……的”
和先行词的关系不密切（是补充说明），一般使用逗号分开
不可用关系词 that 来引导
关系词作宾语不可省略
不可用 who 替代 whom
修饰整个主句或主句的一部分
往往不译为“……的”
e.g. People who take physical exercise live longer.
（限制性）进行锻炼的人活得长些。
（定语从句修饰 people，若把从句去掉，句子就失去意义）
e.g. His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming here.
(非限制性) 他女儿现在在波士顿，她就要来这儿了。
（若把从句去掉句子完整）
that
引导定语从句
引导名词性从句
起引导作用；
指代先行词（人或物），有意义；
在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。
e.g. I showed him the nice car that I rented yesterday.
我向他展示了我昨天租的那辆不错的车。
起引导作用；
没有意义；
在名词性从句中不充当任何成分
e.g. It’s said that he rented a nice car yesterday.
据说他昨天租了一辆不错的车。
when、where、why 引导的定语从句与它们引导的状语从句、名词性从句在表意和功能上的区别。
e.g. I visited Mr and Mrs Smith in New York in 2014, when their first child was born.
我在2014年拜访了住在纽约的 Smith 夫妇，那年他们的第一个孩子出生了。
该句中，when 引导定语从句，指代 in 2014，在定语从句中作时间状语。
e.g. I visited Mr and Mrs Smith in New York when their first child was born.
在 Smith 夫妇第一个孩子出生那年，我在纽约拜访了他们。
该句中，when 引导时间状语从句，整个从句充当时间状语。
注意
e.g. In the museum I saw an old book that was published in the 17th century.
注意定语从句与非谓语动词结构在表意和功能上的异同，以及两者之间的转换。
= In the museum I saw an old book published in the 17th century.
我在博物馆里看见了一本17世纪出版的旧书。
（定语从句修饰先行词 book）
非谓语动词结构修饰名词 book，两者为被动关系
1. He is the consultant, __________ your company is looking for.
2. They live in a house ______________ windows face south.
3. ________ was often the case, the man forgot to bring his keys with him.
4. Henry is not such an intelligent pupil __________ we think.
5. The young tourists went to Qingdao, ___________ they ever swam in the sea.
whom
whose
As
as
where
【牛刀小试】
2
Read the passage and rewrite the underlined sentences using attributive clauses.
Good Deal is a local movement in some countries. It works to help farmers and workers in less developed areas receive a better deal for their produce. Good Deal products may be a little more expensive than regular products, but up to one-third of the sale price will be given back to the producers. This is more than they could get under the conventional trading system.
The movement has proven popular among young people, and they want to help producers get the payment they deserve. They have no problem spending a bit more on Good Deal products, believing that their purchasing of these products will help improve local people’s welfare.
However, some people are less optimistic, and argue that it discriminates against producers not part of the Good Deal movement.
1. Good Deal is a local movement in some countries(,) which works to help farmers and workers in less developed areas receive a better deal for their produce.
2. The movement has proven popular among young people who want to help producers get the payment they deserve.
3. However, some people who are less optimistic argue that it discriminates against producers who are not part of the Good Deal movement.
Answers:
3
Read the profile and write an introduction to a Good Deal product using attributive clauses where appropriate.
Price:
$ 25 per kg
Origin:
grown on the Green Equator Estate
Special features:
100% organic
superior, smooth blend, with mild flavour
less than one calorie per cup
Good Deal guarantee:
one-third of the sale price returned to local producers
Green Equator Coffee is a Good Deal product, which sells at...
Sample:
Green Equator Coffee is a Good Deal product, which sells at the price of $25 per kg. It is grown on the Green Equator Estate, whose coffee is 100% organic. It is a superior, smooth blend with a mild flavour, which has less than one calorie per cup. The product is sold under the Good Deal guarantee, which promises that one-third of the sale price will be returned to local producers.
4
Work in pairs. Write an introduction to something you have bought recently using attributive clauses where appropriate.
Sample:
I bought a coat from the Taobao whose price is 109. It is made of cotton, which is very comfortable. ...
1. Retell the usage of attributive clauses.
2. Make some sentences with attributive clauses.(共33张PPT)
Unit 4
Period 4
Reading
新 课 导 入
Do you know anything about sharing economy
课 堂 学 习
1
Read Leo’s travel notes and answer the questions.
1. What are the differences between Leo’s two trips
1) In 2008, Leo took a taxi to the hostel from the airport and it cost him a fortune! In 2018, the trip from the airport to the city centre was much cheaper because it was a shared ride.
2) In 2008, Leo stayed in a hostel, while in 2018 he stayed in a shared flat.
3) In 2008, Leo didn't know how to get to Houhai, while in 2018 he had a nice trip around Houhai by riding a shared bicycle.
4) In 2008, Leo could only have a mushroom pizza in the hostel alone and he didn't know where to have good Chinese food. In 2018, he shared a delicious meal of Chinese cuisine with some other backpackers at Chef Cui's restaurant.
5) In 2008, Leo had a battery problem withhis camera. He didn't have this problem in 2018, because he could use the shared power banks.
2. Which one do you think was more fun
Give your reasons.
I think the second one is more fun. During his second trip, Leo had a more wonderful experience by sharing so many things. He tasted delicious Chinese food, enjoyed a beautiful view but spent less money. That was brilliant!
2
Look at the title of the passage and talk about your understanding of it.
By sharing, you can be using what belongs to me, and so can I. The resources are used more often due to sharing.
Now read the passage and check your understanding.
What’s mine is yours
1 We’ve been told since we were toddlers that “It’s good to share”. Parents and teachers keep reminding us to share toys, snacks, books, happy memories, and sometimes even sorrows with others. When we grow up, we share photos, life stories and opinions with people around us and with those we don’t know via social media. Taking it as an object of study, psychologists have published various papers stating that the behaviour of sharing is beneficial to setting up positive emotional bonding.
2 Today, the action of sharing takes on extra meaning. It’s not just about sharing sweets or frustration; it has expanded to almost every aspect of our lives-the whole world seems to be into sharing. We are using technology to reduce the money that we spend on goods and services, or to make money out of those that we don’t use ourselves all of the time. These vary from car shares to home shares, and even to pet shares. The sharing economy is taking off in all sorts of areas. It is creating new ways of thinking and is providing services to people when and where they want them.
3 This wealth of ways of sharing is a response to our increasing demand for quality goods and services at competitive prices, all delivered at the click of a button. Whether it’s an online shop where we can hire designer clothes at rock-bottom prices, or a platform from which we can rent out our flats for a couple of days, it’s out there. Whether we’re a lender or borrower, it’s a win-win situation; everyone makes or saves money. We also make connections and sometimes even make new friends. What’s more, sharing encourages us to reuse items, thereby cutting down on waste. And set-ups such as bike and car sharing do a further favour for the environment by reducing the number of polluting vehicles on the road.
4 But the sharing economy is not without its problems. As is often the case all over the world with new areas of economic activity, the sharing economy is developing faster than existing regulations or ongoing supervision. Some companies are taking unfair advantage of this situation to expand their share of the market, often at the expense of more traditional and established companies. In addition, the sharing economy is subject to abuse of trust. Some people have experienced damage to their properties whilst renting out their homes and others have found themselves victims of theft or attack while sharing rides. Finally, personal data, the heart of the sharing economy, is not yet secure. Sharing platforms collect personal information about almost every part of our lives, including our names, locations, bank information, and individual preferences for goods and services. Yet, the technology to prevent such information from leaking or being stolen still needs improvement and the awareness of potential risks is low among both service providers and users.
5 Nonetheless, what is in no doubt is that the sharing economy is increasingly relevant to our daily lives as well as to the global economy. It is expanding at such a rate that we can only imagine what it will comprise in the future. What will we be sharing next Who will be sharing and how And the most interesting question of all-what type of society will all this sharing take us to
Match the paragraphs to their functions and give your reasons.
a To highlight the key benefits of the sharing economy.
b To explain and elaborate on the sharing economy.
c To lead the topic from sharing in childhood to sharing in economic activities.
d To illustrate various drawbacks of the sharing economy.
e To predict the future of the sharing economy.
3
2
1
4
5
3
Read the passage and divide it into three parts.
Parts Para.(s) Main idea
Part 1
Part 2
Para.1~Para.2
Para.5
To introduce and elaborate on sharing economy
The benefits and problems of sharing economy
The future of sharing economy
Para.3~Para.4
Part 3
4
Read the “Learning to learn”, think about the structure of the passage and complete the diagram.
A two-sided argumentative essay investigates a topic by presenting collated information and evaluating evidence from both sides. It should close by wrapping up the argument. It could conclude in favour of the arguments, or simply stay neutral with no particular preference.
Learning to learn
It meets people’s increasing demand for 1____________________________________________.
It allows people to make or save money.
It helps people 2 ______________ and even 3____________________.
It favours the environment by
4 ___________________________
and 5 ______________________.
The sharing economy is developing faster than
6 ____________________________
___________.
The sharing economy is subject to 7______________.
Personal information about 8__________________________ is 9_________________ in the sharing economy.
The sharing economy
Benefits
Problems
quality goods and services at
competitive prices
make connections
make new friends
encouraging people to reuse items
reducing pollution
existing regulations or ongoing supervision
abuse of trust
almost every part of our lives
not yet secure
Think Share
1 What is the author’s attitude towards the sharing economy
2 What do you think are other benefits and problems of the sharing economy How could we address the potential problems
3 What are your experiences of the sharing economy Share these experiences with the class.
4 How do the two reading passages in this unit help deepen your understanding of new economic trends
1.What is the author’s attitude towards the sharing economy
2.What do you think are other benefits and problems of the sharing economy How could we address the potential problems
The author acknowledges the benefits of the sharing economy, but he also takes concern about the problems of it. The author is also curious about the future of the sharing economy.
I think by sharing, we can make better use of the resources. But there are still problems, such as the difficulty with management. The government should put in place strict laws to monitor and punish those who violate the rules of sharing economy.
3.What are your experiences of the sharing economy Share these experiences with the class.
4. How do the two reading passages in this unit help deepen your understanding of new economic trends
Once I made a trip to Yangshuo, in Guilin. I didn’t live in a hotel as usual but shared a house with a local family. The family were friendly and I got warm hospitality. The experience was quite different and I enjoyed it.
From the first reading passage, I realize that it is more than a good idea to start one’s own business. After learning the second reading passage, I know for sure that sharing is the new economic trend.
5
Work in groups. Talk about the future of the sharing economy.
1 Think about what will happen in the next 20 years as the world’s economy becomes ever more global and digital. Consider the following:
What will people be sharing next
How will they be sharing these things
What benefits will people get from sharing these things
What are the potential problems
2 Share your ideas with your group.
3 Present your group’s ideas to the class.
Now think about how the other groups’ ideas were different to your own and whether you agree with them.
Language points
1. Parents and teachers keep reminding us to share toys, snacks, books, happy memories, and sometimes even sorrows with others.
父母和老师不断地提醒我们要与他人分享玩具、零食、书籍以及快乐的回忆，有时甚至与他人分享悲伤。
(1) remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事。
(2) sorrow 令人悲伤的事; 不幸 v. 感到悲伤
【词汇拓展】
share one’s joys and sorrows 与某人同甘共苦
to one’s sorrow 令某人悲伤的是
express one’s sorrow 表达某人的悲伤
e.g. To his sorrow, they were unwilling to cooperate with him.
令他悲伤的是，他们不愿与他合作。
2. When we grow up, we share photos, life stories and opinions with people around us and with those we don’t know via social media.
我们长大后，会与周围的人或者是社交媒体上不认识的人分享照片、人生经历和观点。
【句式分析】
When we grow up, 时间状语从句；
we don’t know定语从句修饰those。
3. Taking it as an object of study, psychologists have published various papers stating that the behaviour of sharing is beneficial to setting up positive emotional bonding.
心理学家们将分享作为研究的对象，发表了各种各样的论文来说明分享行为有助于建立积极的情感纽带。
Paraphrase: Psychologists have done studies into the behaviour of sharing, and their various published papers show that sharing is good for building emotional connections between people.
(1) 本句中的state为动词，意为 to formally say or write a piece of information or your opinion，和say或write相比，更强调正式程度。
(2) be beneficial to 是固定搭配，意为 having a good effect on.
e.g. Cycling is beneficial to both your health and the environment.
骑自行车对你的健康和环境都大有裨益。
4. It’s not just about sharing sweets or frustration; it has expanded to almost every aspect of our lives-the whole world seems to be into sharing.
它不仅仅是分享糖果或沮丧，分享行为几乎已经扩大到生活的方方面面——整个世界似乎都在分享。
(1) frustration n. 懊丧，懊恼，沮丧 a sense of frustration 挫败感
【词汇拓展】
frustrate v. 使懊丧，使懊恼，使沮丧
frustrating adj. 令人懊丧的，令人懊恼的，令人沮丧的
frustrated adj. 懊丧的，懊恼的，沮丧的
e.g. It’s frustrating to have to wait so long.
要等这么长时间，真令人懊恼。
(2) expand v.
① 扩大，增加，增强（尺码、数量等） ② 扩展，发展（业务）
e.g. Student numbers are expanding rapidly.
学生人数在迅速增加。
e.g. We’ve expanded the business by opening two more stores.
我们增开了两个商店以扩展业务。
5. We are using technology to reduce the money that we spend on goods and services, or to make money out of those that we don’t use ourselves all of the time.
我们正在利用科技来减少在商品和服务上的花费，或者用我们一直闲置的物品赚钱。
(1) make money out of 从……赚钱
e.g. She made lots of money out of waste recycling.
她靠废物回收赚了很多钱。
(2)【句式分析】that we spend on goods and services 定语从句修饰the money; that we don’t use ourselves all of the time定语从句修饰those。
6. The sharing economy is taking off in all sorts of areas.
共享经济正在各个领域迅速发展。
take off 突然开始成功；脱下（衣服）；（飞机）起飞；休假
e.g. Her acting career took off after her TV appearance.
她在电视上亮相后，演艺事业迅速发展。
【词汇拓展】
take away 拿走；使消失
take in 吸收；欺骗；收留；理解
take on 呈现；雇用；承担
take up 占据；开始从事（新工作）
7. This wealth of ways of sharing is a response to our increasing demand ... 这种丰富的分享方式是对我们日益增长的需求的一种回应……
a response to 对……的回应
e.g. I received an encouraging response to my advertisement.
我的广告宣传有了令人鼓舞的回应。
【词汇拓展】
in response to 作为……的回应
make a response 作出回应
make no response 没有作出回应
respond to 回答，回复；对……作出反应
e.g. Carl made no response and carried on with his work.
卡尔没有回答，继续他的工作。
8. Whether it’s an online shop where we can hire designer clothes at rock-bottom prices, or a platform from which we can rent out our flats for a couple of days, it’s out there.
无论是以最低价格出租名牌服装的网店，还是可以把自己的公寓短租几天的平台，都已出现。
(1)【句式分析】where we can hire designer clothes at rock-bottom prices定语从句修饰online shop; from which we can rent out our flats for a couple of days定语从句修饰platform。
(2) hire v. （短期的）租用，租借；（短期）雇用；聘任
hire a car/room/video 租汽车 / 房间 / 录像带
e.g. The company hires out machinery by the day.
公司按日计费出租机械设备。
(3) rent v.（租）房；租用，租借 n. 房租；租金
rent out 出租（房屋、房间、土地等）
9. And set-ups such as bike and car sharing do a further favour for the environment by reducing the number of polluting vehicles on the road.
共享单车、共享汽车等计划的实施会进一步保护环境，因为它们减少了行驶在路上的污染排放车辆的数量。
do a favour for 帮……的忙
e.g. Riding every day does a great favour for my recovery.
每天骑单车对我的康复有很大帮助。
【词汇拓展】
do sb a favour 帮某人的忙
in favour (of sb/sth) 赞同，支持；看中，选择
in sb’s favour 有利于某人；有助于某人
10. As is often the case all over the world with new areas of economic activity, the sharing economy is developing faster than existing regulations or ongoing supervision.
世界上新出现的经济领域通常都是如此，共享经济的发展速度过快，而现有法规和持续监管还未跟上。
【句式分析】As is often the case...economic activity非限制性定语从句。
e.g. As is often the case, the fact that something is cheap doesn’t necessarily mean it’s of low quality.
通常情况下，东西便宜并不一定意味着它的质量低。
11. Some companies are taking unfair advantage of this situation to expand their share of the market, often at the expense of more traditional and established companies.
一些公司正在利用这种情况获取不公平的优势，以扩大市场份额，通常以牺牲已有的更为传统的公司为代价。
(1) take advantage of 利用；利用……的机会
例如：We took full advantage of the hotel facilities.
(2) at the expense of 在牺牲（或损害）……的情况下
例如：He built up the business at the expense of his health.
12. In addition, the sharing economy is subject to abuse of trust.
此外，共享经济容易受到信任滥用的影响。
be subject to... 可能受……影响的；易遭受……的
e.g. Smokers are more subject to heart attacks than non-smokers.
吸烟者比不吸烟者更易患心脏病。
12. Yet, the technology to prevent such information from leaking or being stolen still needs improvement, and the awareness of potential risks is low among both service providers and users.
然而，防止信息泄露或被盗的技术仍然有待改进，服务方和用户对潜在风险的防范意识也较低。
Paraphrase：However, the technology is not good enough to stop information from leaking or being stolen, and it must be improved.Neither service providers nor users are alert enough to the possible harmful results.
(1) 本句中的prevent...from为固定搭配，意为to stop...from
e.g. They were prevented from entering the site.
他们被阻止进入现场。
(2) awareness: knowledge or understanding of a particular subject or situation。
e.g. He has no awareness of his mistake.
他没有意识到自己的错误。
13. Nonetheless, what is in no doubt is that the sharing economy is increasingly relevant to our daily lives as well as to the global economy.
尽管如此，共享经济无疑正在与我们的日常生活以及全球经济产生越来越密切的联系。
Paraphrase: Even so, there is no doubt that the sharing economy is becoming more and more connected with not only our daily lives, but also the global economy.
(1) nonetheless意为 however/despite this fact，起到让步、转折的功能。
(2) what is...is that...是两个名词性从句的组合，即what 引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句。这样的结构既可以让表达更加简洁，避免头重脚轻的情况，还可以起到对主语和表语内容的强调作用。
(3) be relevant to 是固定搭配，意be directly related too
e.g. Do not include any information that is not relevant to your topic.
不要包含任何和你的话题不相关的信息。
1. Share your opinions on sharing economy.
2. Use the language points correctly from the passage.(共22张PPT)
Unit 4
Period 5
Writing & Presenting ideas
新 课 导 入
Can you share something about non-cash payments
课 堂 学 习
1
Read the posts from an online plete the table with the corresponding information.
Frank
Non-cash payment is the best way to go. I pay for everything with my smartphone. It only takes a blink of the eye — just scan the barcode and click! And I never have to carry lots of heavy coins or dirty notes, or worry about losing my wallet — for the fourth time! Speaking of “dirty”, do you know that there are more germs on a coin than on a toilet seat !
Betty
It might not be safe as you think, as computers and phones can be stolen or hacked easily. I also worry about over-consumption. If I have $20 in my purse, I can only spend up to that amount. But with electronic payments, I can spend again and again, just as long as my bank account has money in it! And what if you’re in a place without Internet access or your phone battery dies
Yang
I agree that there are problems in electronic payments. Despite their convenience, people who don’t know how to use electronic payments might feel excluded, especially the elderly. Perhaps we could talk about using money less often, rather than replacing it for good
Definition of non-cash payments
Benefits
No cash is involved when people are making their payments. People make their payments with cards, mobile phones and other electronic devices.
Convenient and fast. Do not need to carry lots of heavy coins or dirty notes. No more worries about losing wallets.
Problems
Conclusion
Not safe enough and may lead to over-consumption. Some forms of electronic payments are restricted to the Internet. Potential inconvenience exists if the phone battery dies. Some forms are unfriendly to those who don’t know how to use electronic payments, especially the elderly.
Non-cash payments, or electronic payments, bring us a lot of advantages. However, the disadvantages can’t be ignored. Maybe we could try to use money less often, rather than replacing it with non-cash payments for ever. Meanwhile, we need to think of ways to make non-cash payments better, friendlier and more scientific.
The structure of the essay about non-cash payments
structure
Definition of non-cash payments
Benefits of non-cash payments
Problems of non-cash payments
Conclusion
2
Write an essay about non-cash payments using the information in the above activity and the words and expressions in this section to help you. Do further research if necessary.
Some useful expressions:
Some... Others... 一些人……另一些人……
hold different opinions 持有不同的观点 in favour of 支持
from my point of view/In my opinion 依我看来 In conclusion 总之
Every coin has two sids. 凡事都有利弊。
The topic of ... is becoming more and more popular recently. People hold different opinions about it.
Some people say they are in favour of ...They hold the view that...
What’s more,...
Others think that... Firstly,... Secondly,...
Now write your essay about non-cash payments.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3
Work in pairs. Make improvements to each other’s essays and share them with the class.
Sample:
Nowadays, non-cash payments are becoming more and more popular across the world, especially in China. It refers to the method of making payments with cards, mobile phones and other electronic devices. New ways of supporting non-cash payments are quickly turning up one after another.
Obviously, there are many benefits of non-cash payments. First, they are so convenient and fast that people could make almost all the payments with a single click on their smartphones. In some shopping centres, they can pay by simply standing in front of a camera and let it recognise their face. Second, non-cash payments are safe and hygienic. They free people from carrying heavy coins and dirty notes, or even a wallet. Therefore, the risk of losing money or the wallet is not a threat any more. What is more, non-cash payments eliminate the risk of counterfeit money.
However, as the old saying goes, every coin has two sides, and so does the non-cash payments, even though they don’t require a coin. The problems that accompany non-cash payments should not be ignored. When thinking it further, non-cash payments might not be quite safe as people have assumed, as it is not that hard for hackers to access people’s bank account and steal the money. It is also easier for your personal information to be stolen, which may bring great trouble. Meanwhile, to some degree, non-cash payments encourage over-consumption. They also depend too much on the Internet access or battery capacity — just imagine being at a place with no wi-fi and a flat battery, how can people make payments via their computers or smartphones then Last but not least, non-cash payments aren’t quite friendly with people not knowing how, especially the elderly. It is such a pity to make them feel excluded and left out.
Nonetheless, non-cash payments are increasingly part of our fast-growing modern society. The current trend is for more non-cash payments, and this trend will probably continue in the future. But embracing a new trend doesn’t mean to exclude the “old-fashioned”ways. Perhaps it is more convenient for everyone-young and old, men and women-to have various options, in both cash and non-cash forms, when it comes to making payments, for the better good.
4
Read the headlines and answer the questions.
1 What is each headline about
2 What do the news items have in common concerning economic development
3 What is the current situation regarding economic development in your home town
1. What is each headline about
1) A city is booming as its high-tech sector develops fast, which wins the city a nickname-a new “Silicon Valley”.
2) The local economy has been given new life by traditional crafts.
3) Eco-tourism is now the largest and most valuable sector of the local economy.
4) Sellers of farm products who are located in remote areas are using e-commerce to grow their businesses.
2. What do the news items have in common concerning economic development
They are all about improved local economic conditions.
3. What is the current situation regarding economic development in your home town
Eco-tourism is popular in my hometown.
5
Work in groups. Talk about the current economic development in your home town and make notes. Do further research if necessary.
Current situation of economic development:
Problems demanding prompt solutions:
Potential for further development:
6
Talk about how to promote economic development in your home town. Do further research if necessary. Consider the following:
1 What could be done to help promote economic development
2 Why you propose to take such measures
3 How you plan to implement your suggested measures
4 What your goals are and how you will measure them
7
Prepare a short presentation about your suggestions for better economic development in your town. Consider the following:
1 the structure of your presentation
2 useful words, expressions and structures
8
Give your presentation to the class.
1. Talk about the structure of an essay.
2. Share your opinions on the economic policies in your home town.
