(共18张PPT)
Unit 3
Period 3
Listening and Speaking
新 课 导 入
Can you list anyone who has made great contributions to international cultural exchange in Chinese history
课 堂 学 习
1
Read the timeline and find out what contributions each person made. Pay attention to the expressions in bold.
The second century BC:
Zhang Qian, a diplomat, gave a reliable account of the lands of Central Asia for the Han court.
The first century AD:
Gan Ying, a military envoy, explored the Persian Gulf and became the first Chinese to get information on Europe.
The 7th century:
Xuanzang, a Chinese monk, scholar and traveller, translated volumes of scriptures from Sanskrit to Chinese. He also wrote The Great Tang Dynasty Record of the Western Regions, a description of the countries he visited on his travels.
The 8th century:
After six attempts, over a period of twelve years, Chinese monk Jianzhen arrived in Japan, where he promoted exchange and understanding between China and Japan.
The 13th century:
Marco Polo travelled from Europe to China. The Travels of Marco Polo served to bring knowledge of Asia to the West.
The 15th century:
Zheng He sailed to South-east Asia, South Asia, West Asia, and East Africa. Some of his voyages comprised as many as sixty treasure ships. These voyages led to a legacy of cultural exchange between China and other countries.
Answers:
(1) Zhang Qian gave a reliable account of the lands of Central Asia for the Han court.
(2) Gan Ying became the first Chinese to get information on Europe.
(3) Xuanzang translated volumes of scriptures from Sanskrit to Chinese and wrote The Great Tang Dynasty Record of the Western Regions.
(4) Jianzhen promoted exchange and understanding between China and Japan.
(5) Marco Polo’s The Travels of Marco Polo served to bring knowledge of Asia to the West.
(6) Zheng He’s extensive voyages led to a legacy of cultural exchange between China and other countries.
Work in pairs. Retell the passage according to the timeline.
2
Complete the passage with the correct form of the expressions in Activity 1.
Qian Zhongshu was a renowned literary scholar and writer. Born in 1910 in Jiangsu Province, he showed a strong interest in books at a very young age, earning him the name “Zhongshu”, which means fondness for books. His translations and writings 1____________of cultural exchange between China and the West that continues to this day.
led to a legacy
In 1929, Qian was accepted into the Department of Foreign Languages at Tsinghua University. In 1935. he went to Europe. He spent two years at Oxford University, where he studied and 2_________________ English literature. He also studied in Paris for a year, before returning to China to teach. In addition to studying Western literature, he wrote a number of works on Chinese culture.
Qian was an expert in both Chinese and Western languages and culture. This made him an excellent translator, who 3________________________________ between Western and Chinese academics. Selected and Annotated Song Dynasty Poetry was one of the many works he 4 ________________ Chinese to English. One of Qian’s great achievements was to produce comparative studies of classical Chinese texts, which made these works more accessible to Western readers. These books helped 5__________________Chinese literature to the West.
got information on
promote exchange and understanding
translated from
bring knowledge of
The Confucius Institute is a non-profit educational organisation run by the Chinese Ministry of Education, aiming to promote Chinese language and culture abroad and to encourage cultural exchange.The first institute opened in 2004, and today there are over 500 institutes around the world. In addition to Chinese language courses, the institutes also support activities, such as art exhibitions, concerts and film festivals.
Did You Know
Listen to the conversation and choose the topics covered.
1 The reason why Liang Ran decided to work
for the Confucius Institute.
2 The working environment at the Institute.
3 The troubles he had during teaching.
4 A special moment from his time at the Institute.
5 What he learnt from his students.
6 The friends he made in New York.
3
Listen again and complete the passage.
4
Liang Ran spent 1____________ abroad working as a teacher at 2_______________________________. He said it was a difficult decision, because it would mean 3_____________________________. Finally, he decided to go as he wanted to help foreigners learn Chinese and learn about China. He also wanted to 4______________________
______________________________.
At first, Liang was surprised at 5______________________________, as they were quite varied. They were all interested in Chinese culture, however. One challenge they met was that they 6______________________________________, so Liang had to give them a lot of support.
a whole year
the Confucius Institute in New York
delaying his studies
experience life abroad and learn about Western culture
the different ages of the students
had some difficulty with Chinese characters
Liang’s most memorable experience was at the end of the year when students learnt about traditional Chinese dancing and 7_________________. Liang said their 8__________ was amazing.
Working there made Liang a better person. Through teaching Chinese, he 9________________________________, and through interacting with students, he 10_____________________________.
Chinese costumes
enthusiasm
became even more proud of China
learnt more about the world
Now talk about the role the Confucius Institute plays in promoting intercultural exchange.
5
Complete the boxes with the expressions from the conversation.
The reason why ... is that ...
That was due to ...
On the whole, ...
To sum up, ...
In short, ...
Giving reasons
Drawing conclusions
The reason why ...is that ...
That was due to ...
On the whole, ...
To sum up, ...
In short, ...
6
Work in pairs. Discuss what you can do to spread Chinese culture using the expressions in this section.
Now think about whether you can use the language you have learnt to express your ideas and give explanations, and whether you can understand your partner’s ideas and comment on them.
1. Use the phrases to introduce a cultural exchange envoy in history.
2. Use the expressions to give reasons or draw conclusions.(共36张PPT)
Unit 3
Period 2
Grammar
课 堂 学 习
adverbial clauses
1
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
a You can only imagine how travellers felt when they saw the oasis of Dunhuang ahead of them.
b If you look up, you can see the paintings and other artworks...
c ... Dunhuang was not as prosperous as it used to be.
d Given that the theme of the Expo was to promote cultural exchange ..., Dunbuang was the ideal place.
1 Classify the adverbial clauses in the sentences.
condition comparison reason time
2 What other types of adverbial clause can you think of Give some examples.
Place: Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
Purpose: The teacher raised his voice so that the students in the back could hear him.
Concession: Although we have grown up, our parents still treat us as young children.
Manner: He looks as if he had been hit by lighting.
Result: I’ve had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.
b
c
d
a
Now look for more sentences with adverbial clauses in the reading passage.
1. Come a little bit closer so that you can get a better view.
2. The Apsaras are depicted sailing in the bright blue sky, with their scarves flying, as if they are about to fly down to meet us.
3. The scrolls are so detailed that they describe the vast range of goods that were imported and exported from Dunhuang, such as ceramics, medicine, perfumes and fruit, to name just a few.
4. Gradually, it faded from memory, even though it was once such a green city.
【语法讲解】
状语从句起副词作用，用来修饰句中谓语动词、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。状语从句一般由从属连词引导，也可由连词词组引导。位于句首或句中时常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式、目的和比较等状语从句。
when/ while/ as/ since/ before/ after/ until/ till/ as soon as/ ...
the second/ the minute/ the instant/ every time/...
immediately/ instantly/ directly...
where/ wherever
because/ as/ since/ in that/ now that...
so that/ so...that/ such...that...
if/ unless/ in case/ on condition that/ supposing that...
time
place
reason
result
condition
常用连接词
than/ not so... as..../ as.....as....
although/ though/ as/ even though= even if/ no matter wh-....
so that/ in order that/ lest(以免)/ in case...
as if / as though/ as (按照)
comparison
concession
purpose
manner
一、时间状语从句
1. when, while, as
(1) “主短从长”：主句是短暂性动作，从句是持续性动作，when，while和as都可用。
e.g. I felt quite sorry when Jane refused my invitation to the concert.
Don’t have the water running while you brush your teeth.
As he was reading the newspaper, he fell asleep.
(2) “主长从长”：主、从句表示两个同时进行的动作或存在的状态，此时可以用while和as。
e.g. As I listened, I got confused
(3) “主长从短”：主句是持续性动作，从句是短暂性动作，可用as，when, 不用while。
e.g. It was raining hard when we arrived.
As I entered，he was reading the newspaper.
(4) “主短从短”：主从句表示的是两个同时（或几乎同时）发生的短暂性动作，用as/when
【注意】从属连词while引导的时间状语从句的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。
e.g. I want the girls to experience that while they are young.
(5)从属连词as可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时完成，可译为“一边……，一边……”。
e.g. As time goes on, it’s getting warmer and warmer.
2. till, until, not..until
(1) till与until的意义和用法基本相同，指某一动作或状态一直持续到till/until后面的词语或句子所表示的时间为止，此时主句谓语动词是延续性动词，主、从句都为肯定式。这两个词可以换用，但till不可以置于句首，而until可以。
e.g. Have you heard the meeting will be put off till/until next Tuesday
Continue in this direction till/until you see the sign.
(2) not...until/till 则表示“直到……才”，此时主句动词通常是瞬间动词，表示一直到until/till后面的词语或句子所表示的时间为止某一动作才开始。
e.g. I didn’t go downstairs until the window had to be shut.
3. before, after
before引导的时间状语从句表示主句动作发生在从句动作之前，after引导的时间状语从句表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。
e.g. He was here for only three days before his company sent him to Australia.
After he was here for only three days, his company sent him to Australia.
4. since
(1) since引导的时间状语从句的谓语为非延续性动词用一般过去时，此时从句表示的时间从动作发生之时算起。
e.g. As is reported, it is 100 years since Tsinghua University was founded.
(2) since引导的时间状语从句的谓语为延续性动词或表状态的动词一般过去时，此时从句表示的时间从那个持续性动作或状态结束算起。
e.g. I haven’t written to her since she lived in London.
It is+一段时间+since.这个句型与It has heen+一段时间+since...意思相同，表示“自从……以来有多久”。
e.g. It has been/It is ten years since they last met.
5. 表示“刚……就……”的从属连词：as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment/minute/instant, no sooner...than..., hardly/scarcely...when/once这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生，表示“一……就……”，从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。
e.g. You’ll feel excited the moment the star steps out of the plane.
1. ____________ had I arrived home than it began to rain.
2. ________ John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.
3. ____ she grew older, she gained in confidence.
4. The votes had ________ been counted, _____ the telephone rang.
No sooner
While
As
scarcely
when
【牛刀小试】
二、让步状语从句
引导让步状语从句的连词有：
1. although/though(尽管，虽然), even though/even if(即使)
although与though两者意思相同，一般可互换，都可以与yet，still 或nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。
e.g. Although it was autumn, the snow was already beginning to fall in Tibet.
【注意】though还可用作副词，意为“可是，然而”，置于句末。
e.g. He said he would come, he didn’t, though.
2. as或though 引导让步状语从句的倒装as或though从句一般放在主句之前，常用倒装语序。从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首，若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。
e.g. Child as he is, he knows a lot.
Much as I like it, I won’t buy it.
3. whether...or..（不管……还是……）
e.g. Actually, whoever works hard can be whatever he wants to be, whether it is a pilot, an engineer or a manager.
4. when（本来可以……却）和while（尽管，虽然）
e.g. Suddenly, she stopped when she ought to have continued.
5. whatever, however, whenever, wherever等从属连词引导让步状语从句，表示“无论……”。
e.g. Whatever the weather is like tomorrow, we will set sail for Canada.
这些词引导让步状语从句时，通常可换成no matter...
e.g. No matter what we do.we must carry out our duties.
No matter where we are, we must always keep in contact!
1. __________ I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.
2. ___________ how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.
3. ______________ museums have begged to borrow her collection, she could never split it up.
4. Two people in love are at home ________ they are, ____________ often they move.
【牛刀小试】
Much as
No matter
Even if/though
wherever
no matter how
三、条件状语从句
引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：if, unless(除非), so/as long as(只要), in case(万一), on (the) condition that(条件是), suppose/supposing(假设,如果), assuming(假定), provided/providing that(如果), 这其中有某些动词或其非谓语动词形式和介词短语转化为从属连词。
e.g. Unless you’ve tried it on, you can’t imagine how pleasant the new dress is.
Suppose/Supposing (that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help
【注意】
(1) 条件状语从句的时态：当主句为一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时，从句用一般现在时表将来；主句为过去的某一时态时，从句用过去的某一时态，但状语从句可用情态动词will表示意愿或委婉的请求。
e.g. I shall be pleased to go, if you will accompany me.
(2) suppose/supposing 引导条件状语从句时，主句通常为疑问句。
1. We’ll start our project ___ the president agrees.
2. You will certainly succeed _____________ you keep on trying.
3. ____________ there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.
4. Nothing will change ________ the workers continue to accept these appalling conditions.
【牛刀小试】
if
so long as
Provided that
as long as
四、地点状语从句
(1) 引导地点状语从句的从属连词主要有
where,wherever,everywhere, anywhere等。
e.g. Today, we will begin where we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.
Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.
(2) 有时地点状语从句兼有抽象条件的含义。
e.g. Where there’s a will, there’s a way.
1. Generally, air will be heavily polluted _______ there are factories.
2. _________ you go, you should work hard.
3. _________ she goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her.
4. The house stood _______ there had been a rock.
【牛刀小试】
where
where
Wherever
Wherever
五、原因状语从句
(1) 引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because, as, since, now that, seeing that, considering that, given that, 另外，when还表示“既然；考虑到”；并列连词for加分句也可表示原因，for引导的分句对前面的内容补充说明。
e.g. It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes.
Now (that)/Since it is so hot, I guess we can’t do anything until after dark.
(2) 除了状语从句外，一些介词短语同样可以表示原因，这样的短语有：because of, thanks to, due to, owing to等。
【注意】because是从属连词引导状语从句，so是并列连词引导并列句，因此我们不能用because...so...这种汉语式的表达，就像我们不能说although...but...一样。但because从句可以与because of短语进行转换，
e.g. He can’t come because he is ill. = He can’t come because of his illness.
1. My friends like me _________ I’m handsome and successful.
2. __________ everybody has come, let’s begin our conference.
3. ___________ you are still young, I forgive you.
4. ___________ he has been off sick all week he’s unlikely to come.
【牛刀小试】
because
Now that
Given that
Seeing that
六、目的状语从句
(1) in order that与so that两个连词意为“以便……；为了……”，引导的状语从句中需用情态动词，in order that 比 so that正式，引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后，而so that 引导的从句只能置于主句之后。
e.g. When he goes out, he often wears sunglasses so that/in order that nobody/no one can recognize him.
(2) for fear that, in case 与 lest
e.g. The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father should see him.
Take your raincoat in case/lest it should rain.
【注意】
①目的状语从句可以转换为不定式（短语）作状语，从而简化句子结构；当状语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，直接简化为用不定式作目的状语；当状语从句的主语与主句主语不一致时，要用不定式的复合结构for sb. to do sth.作状语。
e.g. I’ll get up early so as to be ready when you come.
I’ll make out the contract for you to sign tomorrow.
②目的状语从句有时还可以转换为表示目的的介词短语。
如：for fear of, with the purpose of, in the hope of, in hopes of等。
e.g. We are sending out samples in hopes of getting comments.
③in case引导目的状语从句时，从句谓语可用“should/might+动词原形”，其中的should表示“万一，倘使”。
lest所连接的状语从句里常用should或动词原形。
1. The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters ________ he could sign them.
2. The teacher raised his voice for the purpose ____ the students in the black could hear more clearly.
3. I had my camera ready, _______ I saw something that would make a good picture.
【牛刀小试】
so that
that
in case
七、结果状语从句
(1) 引导结果状语从句的从属连词有；so that, so...that..., such...that...,当so或such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。在非正式语体中，由so...that..., such...that...引导的句子中that可以省略。
(2) 注意其结构形式：
so+形容词/副词+that从句
so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数形式+that从句
so+ many/much/few/little（少）+名词+that从句
such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数形式+that从句
such+形容词+可数名词复数形式/不可数名词+that从句
such+a lot of/lots of+名词+that从句
1. He got up ___ early ____ he caught the first bus.
2. It’s ____ a good chance ____ we must not miss it.
3. We started for the peak early, _______ we saw the sunrise.
4. To ____ a degree was he excited _____ he couldn’t sleep last night.
【牛刀小试】
so
that
such
that
so that
such
that
八、比较状语从句
常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)
特殊引导词：the more... the more..., just as..., A is to B what/as X is to Y, no... more than, not A so much as B等
e.g. The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.
九、方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的从属连词有：as, as if, as though,the way等，方式状语从句应放在主句之后，其中as if或as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。
e.g. The situation of unemployment has not been so serious as (is) expected.
1. She is ___ bad-tempered ___ her mother.
2. The house is three times ___ big ___ ours.
3. She behaved _______ she were the boss.
4. Sometimes we teach our children ________ our parents have taught us.
【牛刀小试】
as
as
as if
the way
as
as
2
Complete the passage with the clauses in the box.
no matter what culture it comes from
so that people can learn about different cultures
as if they are neighbours
that over 15,000 people each year attend them
as the traditional is mixed with the modern
Yo-Yo Ma is a French-born Chinese American cellist known for his musical talent. In 1998, Ma founded Silkroad, an organisation that explores musical traditions in countries 1_______________________________________________
so that people can learn about different cultures
The fundamental purpose of Silkroad is to bring people from across the globe together to play and listen to music. Instruments and styles are blended together to create music that is surprising, rich, and completely original, 2___________________________________________. What’s more, 3____________________________________________, people can learn about the development of culture as a whole.
no matter what culture it comes from
as the traditional is mixed with the modern
The events that Silkroad organises are either performances, workshops, or mixed musical-artistic displays. It is so successful 4____________________________________________. People meet as strangers, but they leave 5________________________________, learning that different cultures have more in common than they imagined.
that over 15,000 people each year attend them
as if they are neighbours
so that people can learn about different cultures (purpose)
no matter what culture it comes from (concession)
as the traditional is mixed with the modern (reason)
that over 15,000 people each year attend them (result)
as if they are neighbours (manner)
Now talk about what types of adverbial clause they are.
3
Look at the picture and describe it using adverbial clauses where appropriate. You may use the information to help you.
China’s High Speed Rail (HSR)
In 2008, China’s HSR service started.
In 2015, a major breakthrough in technology was made, using independent R&D.
Now, China cooperates with dozens of countries in the world to develop HSR services overseas.
Since HSR service started in China in 2008, it has undergone rapid growth ...
Since HSR service started in China in 2008, it has undergone rapid growth. The experience of train travel becomes much more efficient and enjoyable than before because journeys are not only much faster but also more comfortable.
China’s HSR had another technological leap when a major breakthrough was made in 2015, using independent R&D. Travellers have become so accustomed to the incredible speed of HSR that many of us have already forgotten the old, slow trains of just a decade ago. Now, China cooperates with dozens of countries around the world in order to share its groundbreaking technology and develop HSR services overseas.
Sample:
4
Work in pairs. Describe another Chinese innovation that has had a great impact both at home and abroad. Use adverbial clauses where appropriate.
1. Talk about the usage of adverbial clauses.
2. Make some sentences with adverbial clauses.(共33张PPT)
Unit 3
Period 4
Reading
新 课 导 入
How much do you know about these works
课 堂 学 习
Work in groups. Look at the list and discuss the questions.
1 What are the Chinese names of these works
2 Why do you think these works are popular outside of China
3 What other Chinese works do you think people outside of China would enjoy Why
1
1 What are the Chinese names of these works
《易经》《论语》《孙子兵法》《西游记》
《茶馆》《射雕英雄传》《三体》
2 Why do you think these works are popular outside of China
Because more and more foreigners want to learn more about Chinese culture and everyday life in China, these works arouse their interest.
3 What other Chinese works do you think people outside of China would enjoy Why
Maybe they enjoy Dream of the Red Chamber because it describes the life of the people in Qing dynasty and reveals social reality at that time ...
Read the passage and write the questions on the lines.
1 Which works by Chinese writers are popular in your country
2 How did you get interested in Chinese literature
3 How do you select works to translate
2
The world of Chinese literature is one that is familiar to us all. But have you ever stopped to wonder what works are read outside of China and how they are received Today, four Sinologists and translators share their experience of Chinese literature with us.
They are:
Petko, aged 43 from Bulgaria
Annelous, aged 34 from the Netherlands
Joachim, aged 25 from France
Mai, aged 28 from Egypt
Q1: ____________________________________________________
Petko: It all started with a movie I watched when I was a boy-The Shaolin Temple. That movie gave me so many reasons to fall in love with China. I was amazed by Chinese kung fu, of course - everyone loves kung fu, don’t they I also thought the Chinese language sounded so beautiful, and I found that I liked Chinese music, too - I just loved the movie’s theme tune, Song of the Shepherd.
Annelous: I became interested in languages at a young age. When I started high school, I began reading books about Chinese history and culture, and this inspired me to choose Chinese Studies as my academic major at university.
Joachim: When I was 15 years old, my mother bought me a copy of the classic Shi Ji, or Records of the Grand Historian. Prior to that, the only great historical works I had been exposed to were Homer’s epic poems. Records of the Grand Historian was my first encounter with Chinese classical literature. After reading it, I realised the true genius of China’s “Grand Historian”, Sima Qian. His writing had a profound effect on me, and I have this to thank for my passion for Chinese literature.
Mai: I gradually fell in love with Chinese literature when I started working as a translator. Most of the translated works of literature in Egypt are from the English-speaking world, so reading Chinese literature was a stimulating and inspiring experience.
Q2:_____________________________________________________
Petko: I particularly like classical Chinese literature, especially works from the Ming and Qing dynasties. I fell in love with Dream of the Red Chamber the first time I read it, and was determined to translate it into Bulgarian. Now that this dream has come true, my next goal is to translate The Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
Amnelous: In the Netherlands, the decision as to which works of Chinese literature get translated is largely influenced by the opinions of respected Sinologists. In addition, publishing houses tend to look to other countries to see which Chinese works have sold well there. I’ve so far translated the writings of Han Han, and I am now working on those of Xu Zechen.
Joachim: I just go with what I like and what I am interested in. I’ve translated several short stories by Mo Yan. Right now, I’m doing research into popular literature in Shanghai at the start of the 20th century.
Mai: I don’t care if a writer is popular or not. What interests me most is the work itself. I’ve translated some works by authors such as Xi Murong and Bi Shumin. I also keep a close eye on what’s being self-published online by new, young authors - they have some good ideas.
Q3: _______________________________________________
Petko: Thirty-six Stratagems has sold more than 1,000 copies in Bulgaria. When you consider that here the best a writer can usually hope for is to sell a few hundred copies of their work, Thirty-six Stratagems is a best-seller in Bulgaria!
Annelous: Each year sees more works by Chinese writers published in the Netherlands, and they are well-received. The people that buy and read these books do so because they want to learn more about Chinese culture and everyday life in China. On the whole, I do have to admit that here, people’s knowledge of Chinese literature is rather limited.
Joachim: The novels of Mo Yan and Yu Hua sell quite well in France. Mo Yan was already hugely popular, but became even more so after receiving the Nobel Prize in Literature. Literature has a lot of significance to the French, and Chinese literary works tend to be highly thought of.
Mai: Egyptians like literature that reflects human nature and experience. A couple of good examples of this are “Fond Memories of Autumn” by Shi Tiesheng and “Street Scene” by Zhou Guoping. I think Egypt and China are closely connected and both have a lot in common. Because of this, Chinese literary works really strike a chord in the hearts of Egyptian readers.
Now write the questions on the lines.
1. Which works by Chinese writers are popular in your country
2. How did you get interested in Chinese literature
3. How do you select works to translate
Q 1: __________________________
Q 2: __________________________
Q 3: __________________________
2
3
1
3
Match people to their opinions. Find evidence to support your choices.
1 Petko a Studying Chinese language was what first got me interested in
its culture. If only there was greater awareness of Chinese
language and literature in my country.
2 Annelous b I feel that my culture has a lot in common with Chinese culture.
I care more about what writers have to say than who they are.
3 Joachim c I wish that people could learn to love Chinese culture as much
as I do, especially stories from classical literature.
4 Mai d It’s important to read what interests you, not just what is
recommended by other people. The same goes for the literature
that I translate.
Evidence:
1. I fell in love with Dream of the Red Chamber the first time I read it, and was determined to translate it into Bulgarian. Now that this dream has come true, my next goal is to translate The Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
2. When I started high school, I …Chinese history and culture, and this inspired me to choose Chinese Studies as …On the whole, I do have to admit that here, people’s knowledge of Chinese literature is rather limited.
3. I just go with what I like and what I am interested in.
4. I don’t care if a writer is popular or not. What interests me most is the work itself.
Find the answers to the questions respectively.
Questions names How did you get interested in Chinese literature How do you select works to translate Which works by Chinese writers are popular in your country
1 Petko
It all started with a movie -The Shaolin Temple when I was a boy, of which Chinese Kung fu, Chinese language and Chinese music made me fall in love with China.
I choose classical Chinese literature especially works from the Ming and Qing dynasties.
Thirty-six stratagems is a best-seller in Bulgaria.
2 Annelous
3 Joachim
4 Mai
I became interested in languages and read books about Chinese history and culture at a young age.
My decision is influenced by the opinions of respected Sinologists and that sold well in other countries.
Works about Chinese culture and every day life in China are popular in my country.
At 15, my mother bought me a copy of the classic Shi Ji, whose writer Sima Qian had a profound effect on me and made me have passion for Chinese literature.
I just go with what I like and what I am interested in.
In France, the novels of Mo Yan and Yu Hua sell quite well.
When I started as a translator, I gradually fell in love with Chinese literature.
What interests me most is the work itself.
Egyptians like literature that reflects human nature and experience.
Think Share
1 If you had a chance to talk with the four Sinologists, what would you like to ask them
2 What work would you recommend as an introduction to Chinese literature Why
3 Which works of Western literature are popular in China What make them popular
4 In what different ways do the two reading passages in this unit improve your understanding of China’s influence on the world
Work in groups. Discuss how to promote Chinese literature throughout the world.
Learning to learn
When faced with answering one big question, start by breaking it down into a series of smaller questions. Then consider how many of these questions you can answer and what evidence you can give to support these answers. Finally, identify what you still need to find out and how you will go about this.
4
1 Break the topic into smaller questions. Consider the following:
What types of literary works do you think should be promoted (eg fiction, drama, poetry) Why
By what different methods could this be done (eg translation, advertising, film adaptation)
2 Do research to find more information to support your ideas.
3 Present your ideas to the class.
Now think about what effective measures you have taken to give an answer to a big question.
Language points
1. The world of Chinese literature is one that is familiar to us all.
我们都对中国文学再熟悉不过了。
familiar adj. 熟悉的
【词汇拓展】
unfamiliar adj. 不熟悉的；
sth. be familiar to sb. 某物对某人来说熟悉的
sb. be familiar with sth. 某人熟知某事物
e.g. I am not familiar with his character.
我不了解他的性格。
His name is familiar to me.
他的名字是我很熟悉的。
2. Prior to that, the only great historical works I had been exposed to were Homer’s epic poems.
在此之前，我唯一接触过的历史巨作是《荷马史诗》。
Paraphrase: Before that, the only great works about history that I had been introduced to were Homer’s epic poems.
(1) prior to 意为“在……前”
e.g. You should have an entire plan ready prior to taking the first move.
第一步行动之前，你应该有一个完整的计划。
(2) be exposed to 意为“暴露于；使接触（新事物）”
e.g. The fisherman has been exposed to the sun for a whole day.
那个渔夫在阳光下晒了一整天。
【词汇拓展1】
prior notice事先通知
prior warning预警
【词汇拓展2】
expose...to...暴露……给……;使……接触……
expose oneself to...使自己面临……;使自己暴露于……
be exposed to遭受到;(使)接触到
exposure n.接触;体验;暴露;揭露
3. I fell in love with Dream of the Red Chamber the first time I read it, and was determined to translate it into Bulgarian.
(1) the first time 在句中引导时间状语从句
(2) determined adj 坚定的；坚决的；果断的
be determined to do sth. 决心做某事（表示状态）
【词汇拓展】
determine v. 决定；确定；（使）下定决心
determine to do sth. 决心做某事（表示动作）
determine on / upon (doing) sth. 决定（做）某事
determination n. 决心；果断
e.g. We are determined to get the work done before New Year’s Day.
我们下定决心，要在元旦前完成这项工作。
4. In the Netherlands, the decision as to which works of Chinese literature get translated is largely influenced by the opinions of respected Sinologists.
在荷兰，声望高的汉学家很大程度上影响翻译作品的选择。
Paraphrase: In the Netherlands, the opinions of respected Sinologists have a great influence on which works of Chinese literature get translated.
(1) as to意为“关于”
e.g. There are different opinions as to what measures we should take.
关于我们应该采取哪些措施有不同的观点。
(2) which works of Chinese literature get translated是一个同位语从句，解释说明decision的内容。
(3) respected意为“受尊敬的”，作定语修饰Sinologists。
5. I don’t care if a writer is popular or not. What interests me most is the work itself.
我不在乎一个作家是否受欢迎。我最感兴趣的是作品本身。
(1) if在句中引导宾语从句
(2) What在句中引导主语从句
6. I also keep a close eye on what’s being self-published online by new, young authors-they have some good ideas.
我还密切关注新的年轻作者自己在网上发表的作品——他们有 一些不错的想法。
Paraphrase: I also closely follow what new, young authors are themselves publishing online. They have some good ideas.
keep a close eye on意为“密切注意”。
e.g. He will have to keep a close eye on the weather and navigate around windy areas.
他将不得不密切注意天气情况，在多风地区周围航行。
【词汇拓展】
have one’s eye on 看中;想得到
before your very eyes 就在你眼前
e.g. I shall make this boy vanish before your very eyes.
我会让这孩子在你眼前消失。
7. When you consider that here the best a writer can usually hope for is to sell a few hundred copies of their work, Thirty-six Stratagems is a best-seller in Bulgaria!
Paraphrase: In Bulgaria, usually a writer’s best hope is to sell a few hundred copies of their work, so Thirty-six Stratagems is a best-seller!
【句式分析】when引导的时间状语从句中包含一个that引导的宾语从句，而宾语从句中还包含一个定语从句，其引导词that本应出现在the best之后，但被省略。这句话想表达《三十六计》在保加利亚的热度很高。
8. Because of this, Chinese literary works really strike a chord in the hearts of Egyptian readers.
正因为如此，中国文学作品才真正引起了埃及读者的共鸣。
Paraphrase: Because of this, Chinese literary works evoke strong and familiar feelings in the hearts of Egyptian readers.
strike a chord 引起共鸣；打动
e.g. The play struck such a responsive chord in the hearts of both the young and the old.
这部戏剧在年轻人和老年人心中都引起了如此强烈的共鸣。
Complete the summary with the correct words or the correct forms of the words in the bracket according to the passage.
Four Sinologists and translators share their experience of Chinese literature with us .
Petko got interested 1_______ Chinese literature after he watched the movie—The Shaolin Temple. He was amazed by Chinese kung fu and found the Chinese language and music so beautiful. He 2___________ (particular) likes classical Chinese literature. The first time he read Dream of the Red Chamber, he was 3___________ (determine) to translate it into Bulgarian.
in
particularly
determined
Annelous was 4____ interested in Chinese history and culture that he chose Chinese Studies as his academic major at university. So far, he 5___________ (translate) the writings of Han Han.
After Joachim’s first encounter with the Chinese classic Shi Ji, he loved Chinese literature. He just goes with 6____ he likes. He thinks literature has a lot of 7__________ (significant) to the French and Chinese literary works tend 8___________ (be) highly thought of .
so
has translated
what
significance
to be
Mai fell in love with Chinese literature when he started working as a translator. 9___________ (read) Chinese literature was a stimulating and 10___________ (inspire) experience. He thinks Egypt and China are closely connected and both have a lot in common.
Reading
inspiring
1. Share your opinions on one of Chinese literary works.
2. Use the language points correctly from the passage.(共18张PPT)
Unit 3
Period 5
Writing & Presenting ideas
新 课 导 入
Do you know where it is
课 堂 学 习
1
Read the email and answer the questions.
From: Selena
To: Jiang
Subject: Visit to the US
Dear Jiang,
Great to hear you’re coming to the US! I hope I can convince you to stop by and visit us in New York. There’re so many things to see and do here in the Big Apple. It would take a lifetime to list them all! But knowing you as I do, I’d suggest walking through Midtown Manhattan. It’s one of the most popular tourist attractions in the US and just can’t be missed!
Broadway district with its cafés, street performers and enormous and colorful signs really captures New York’s loud spirit! As Broadway is the heart of the American theater industry, it’s at night when it truly comes alive.
Broadway is famous for its big theaters, showing Shakespeare, modern drama, dance shows or musicals – take your pick! With your love of singing and interest in amateur dramatics, I’d recommend a musical. It’s a moving and intense experience that I’m sure you would love – a bit like Peking Opera! Quite a few musicals are based on classic stories like Les Misérables or Peter Pan, and they might even inspire you to read the books, too!
My big news is that we’re all thinking about doing a big trip in China in the winter vacation. We’re looking for a combination of fun and traditional culture. Can you recommend a place of cultural highlights
See you soon!
Selena
1 Which place in New York did Selena recommend that Jiang should visit
2 What is special about it
She recommended that Jiang should walk through Midtown Manhattan, where Broadway district is situated.
Broadway district with its cafés, street performers and enormous and colorful signs, is especially famous for its theaters which show shakespeare, modern drama, dance shows or musicals.
What does an email usually include
Pre-writing
an email
Sender & Recipient
Subject
Greeting
Body
Closing
Think about what will be organized in an email.
Pay attention to the structure of an email.
Sender
Recipient
Subject
Greeting
Body Recommended Place:
From: Selena
To: Jiang
Visit to the US
Dear Jiang,
... visit us in New York ...
I’d suggest walking through Midtown Manhattan ...
Broadway district ...
I’d recommend a musical ...
Body What it is like:
Reasons for recommendation:
Closing
Broadway district with its cafés, street performers and enormous and colorful signs really captures New York’s loud spirit! Broadway is famous for its big theaters, showing Shakespeare, modern drama, dance shows or musicals – take your pick!It’s a moving and intense experience that I’m sure you would love – a bit like Peking Opera!
...As Broadway is the heart of the American theater industry, it’s at night when it truly comes alive.... Quite a few musicals are based on classic stories like Les Misérables or Peter Pan, and they might even inspire you to read the books, too!
My big news is that we’re all thinking about doing a big trip in China in the winter vacation ...Can you recommend a place of cultural highlights
See you soon!
Selena
Plan your reply to Selena, suggesting a place she can visit in China and make notes.
Recommended Place:
Chongqing
What it is like:
Chongqing is a hilly city with a unique landscape.
The best way to travel around in Chongqing is by light rail.
Chongqing is also the perfect spot to see the amazingly clear line where the emerald waters of the Jialing River and those of the sandy Yangtze River meet.
The city is beautiful at night with its shining lights reflected on the rivers.
The most spectacular nighttime views are from one of the surrounding mountain tops.
2
While-writing
Reasons for recommendation:
Chongqing will give you an experience of urban China different to that of any other Chinese city.
Most of the light rail is above ground, so it’s a great way to get a feel for the place.
You absolutely mustn’t miss out on Chongqing food – it’s spicy, yes, but I promise that after trying our local hot pot, you’ll be hooked. There are loads of other things to see and I’d be very happy to show you around!
Now write your email.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3
Share your email with the class. Now think about how well you can use the language you have learnt in this section to introduce Chinese culture in international communication.
Post-writing
Sample:
Dear Selena,
Thank you for all your recommendations, which have definitely inspired me to include New York in my trip. I can’t wait to see you there!
I’m so excited to hear that you’re coming to China! I can easily suggest places for you to visit because there are so many interesting ones. First of all, I must recommend my own city, Chongqing. Located in the south-west, it would give you an experience of urban China different to that of any other Chinese city.
Chongqing is a hilly city with a unique landscape, so the best way to travel around is by light rail. Most of the light rail is above ground, so it’s a great way to get a feel for the place. Chongqing is also the perfect spot to see the amazingly clear line where the emerald waters of the Jialing River and those of the sandy Yangtze River meet. The city is beautiful at night, with its shining lights reflected on the rivers. The most spectacular nighttime views are from one of the surrounding mountain tops.
Last but not least, you absolutely mustn’t miss out on Chongqing food – it’s spicy, yes, but I promise that after trying our local hot pot, you’ll be hooked. There are loads of other things to see and I’d be very happy to show you around!
See you soon in New York!
Yours,
Jiang
4
Work in groups. Read the notice and brainstorm events for the opening ceremony.
5
Create a programme of events for the opening ceremony.
Order Events Descriptions Purposes
1
2
3
4
6
Prepare a short presentation about the opening ceremony events. Consider the following:
1 the structure of your presentation
2 useful words, expressions and structures
7
Present your opening ceremony plan to the class. Vote for the best plan.
1. What will be organized in an email
2. Can you describe a highlight event in short for the opening ceremony (共39张PPT)
Unit 3
Period 1
Starting out & Understanding ideas
课 堂 学 习
Watch the video and answer the questions.
1 What is the video about How did it get its name
2 What is remarkable about the road
1
Starting out
1 What is the video about How did it get its name
2 What is remarkable about the road
The video is about the historical importance of the ancient Silk Road and its revival through China’s Belt and Road Initiative. It got its name because a lot of the trade along the road was in Chinese silk.
The road is remarkable firstly because it lasted around 1,700 years, from the Han Dynasty until the Ming Dynasty. Secondly, it was a unique and important cultural crossroads between the East and West.
2
1 What can you see in these pictures
2 What message do these pictures convey
3 In what other areas is China attracting attention around the world
Look at the pictures and answer the questions.
1 What can you see in these pictures
These pictures show Chinese and foreigners are studying, exercising and doing business together, and a group of foreign tourists are exploring Cnina. The first picture is of a foreign student and two Chinese students walking through their school; in the second picture, a foreign boy and a Chinese boy are doing tai chi, a traditional Chinese sport; in the third picture a group of tourists are walking on the Great Wall; the last picture shows a foreign businessman is shaking hands with a Chinese one.
2 What message do these pictures convey
a. Overseas students come to China to study.
b. Foreigners are learning about traditional Chinese culture.
c. Foreign tourists are interested in travelling to China to explore its famous heritage sites.
d. Business is being done between Chinese and overseas companies.
3 In what other areas is China attracting attention around the world
Let’s go to Gansu and visit Dunhuang
Question: How much do you know about Dunhuang and the Mogao Grottoes Share with your partners.
1
Look at the pictures and answer the questions.
Understanding ideas
1 What makes Dunhuang unique
2 What else do you know about Dunhuang
Mogao Grottoes
murals
Mingsha Mountain
1 What makes Dunhuang unique
Dunhuang is unique because of the Mogao Grottoes, its incredibly detailed, colourful murals and the Mingsha Mountain.
2 What else do you know about Dunhuang
Dunhuang lies on the old Silk Road, which was a place where East met West, with a long and glorious history.
Dunhuang is a world-class tourist destination, attracting thousands of tourists from home and abroad.
Dunhuang is a temple of art. The murals and sculptures give people a very powerful artistic experience.
Read the passage and decide where it is most probably from. Give your reasons.
1. A travel brochure.
2. A tour commentary.
3. A blog.
4. A lecture.
2
Fast reading
Now read the passage and check your answer.
WELCOME TO DUNHUANG!
1Welcome to Dunhuang! On the old Silk Road, this city was the gateway to and from Ancient China, a place where East met West, and a green island in the middle of the desert. You can only imagine how travellers felt when they saw the oasis of Dunhuang ahead of them.
2 Dunhuang’s long and glorious history represents its significance as a centre of cultural and commercial exchange.Today, Dunhuang is a world-class tourist destination boasting sites with UNESCO-protected heritage status. Now, we are going to enter some of the city’s famous caves, of which there are more than 700. Known as the Mogao Grottoes, these ancient caves were carved out of the rock over a period of 1,000 years. If you look up, you can see the paintings and other artworks that are testimony to how the Silk Road brought East and West together Look at these statues! You can see elements from Ancient Greece, India and Iran. Now look around the walls of the e a little bit closer so that you can get a better view. Look at them! The murals cover an astonishing area of 45,000 square metres.
3 The subjects of the Dunhuang murals vary from religious stories to scenes of everyday life. But one type of mural that is unique to Dunhuang shows the Apsaras, or“Flying Immortals”. Representations of these heavenly musicians, singers and dancers decorate the walls of many caves. Take a look at this mural. The Apsaras are depicted sailing in the bright blue sky with their scarves flying, as if they are about to fly down to meet us. And here is another one. Move over here where you can see it in more detail. The Apsaras are holding lotuses, playing musical instruments, dancing and throwing flowers. The painting of Apsaras reached a peak during the Tang Dynasty; these images are full of life, reflecting the confidence and optimism of people from that time.
4 Now, something really extraordinary happened in 1900, when a Taoist priest made one of the most important finds of the 20th century. In a sealed cave, now known as the famous Library Cave, were hidden thousands of manuscripts, paintings and scrolls, as well as silk embroideries. We’ll have a chance to see some of them shortly-the Library Cave is only a stone’s throw from here. Dating from 405 AD to 1002 AD, these hidden treasures give us a picture of Dunhuang when it was at the very centre of the Silk Road trade. Thanks to this ancient library, we now know that goods arrived in Dunhuang from as far away as North-east Europe, and that goods were also exported from Dunhuang across Asia and Europe. The scrolls are so detailed that they describe the vast range of goods that were imported and exported from Dunhuang, such as ceramics, medicine perfumes and fruit, to name just a few. The scrolls also reveal how many different communities lived side-by-side within this great city. However, the reason why the Library Cave was sealed up all those years ago remains a mystery.
5 In the Ming Dynasty, trade routes changed and Dunhuang was not as prosperous as it used to be. Gradually, it faded from memory, even though it was once such a great city.
6 This century is bringing the Silk Road to life once more through the Belt and Road Initiative. Dunhuang has once again become a global crossroads since it hosted hundreds of representatives from over 51 countries for the Silk Road International Cultural Expo in 2017. Given that the theme of the Expo was to promote cultural exchange and strengthen mutual cooperation between the countries along the Silk Road, Dunhuang was the ideal place.
7 Now lets move on to the next cave....
1. A travel brochure.
2. A tour commentary.
3. A blog.
4. A lecture.
Welcome to Dunhuang ! ...
Now, we are going to enter some of the city’s famous caves ...
If you look up, you can see ... Look at these statues! You can see ...
Now look around the walls of the cave ...
More over here where you can see it in more detail.
Answer:
Reason:
Choose the best summary of the passage and give your reasons.
1. The Silk Road was an ancient trade route between East and West, which passed through Dunhuang.
2. The Silk Road city of Dunhuang has a splendid history and is once again a meeting place for people from around the world.
3. In Dunhuang there are grottoes, murals and other sights that attract tourists from all over the world.
3
Fast reading
Match the main ideas to the paragraphs and give your reasons.
Careful reading
Dunhuang faded from memory in the Ming Dynasty.
Dunhuang was the gateway to and from Ancient China.
The Library Cave was found in 1900s.
Dunhuang has once again become a global crossroads.
The Apsaras are unique to Dunhuang.
Dunhuang is a tourist destination boasting sites with UNESCO-protected heritage status.
5
1
6
3
2
4
Careful reading
Organise information from the passage and complete the travel webpage.
4
Location:
Gansu Province
Significance:
UNESCO-protected heritage sites
1_______________________________________________
2_______________________________________________
Caves in Mogao Grottoes:
The caves were carved out of the rock 3_________________________.
the gateway to and from Ancient China
a centre of cultural and commercial exchange in history
over a period of 1,000 years
Statues
The statues include elements from 4__________________________.
Murals
Coverage: 5_____________________
Topics: 6_______________________________________________
Apsaras
Also called 7_____________________, they represent 8_______________________________________.
Apsaras painted during the Tang Dynasty are a reflection of the
9 ___________________________________ during that time.
Ancient Greece, India and Iran
45,000 square metres
varying from religious stories to scenes of everyday life
“Flying Immortals”
heavenly musicians, singers and dancers
confidence and optimism of people
Library Cave
Discovered inside were 10______________________________________________________________________
These give us 11_______________________________________
_______________________________________
Dunhuang has once again become 12________________________.
thousands of manuscripts, paintings and scrolls, as well as silk embroideries .
a picture of Dunhuang when it was at the very centre of the Silk Road trade .
a global crossroads
Now think about what information you would add to the webpage.
Do further research if necessary.
Imagine you are a tour guide, introduce Dunhuang to your tourists.
Useful expressions
Welcome to ... Now, we are going to enter...
If you look up, you can see... Look at these statues!
Come a little bit closer so that... Take a look at...
We’ll have a chance to see... Now let’s move on to...
1 What is your understanding of “Dunhuang has once again become a global crossroads”
2 In what ways is present-day Dunhuang influenced by its past
3 What would you most like to see in Dunhuang Why
4 What methods can you use to find out information effectively
Think & Share
1. What is your understanding of “Dunhuang has once again become a global crossroads”
Through the Belt and Road Initiative, hundreds of representatives from 51 countries came to Dunhuang for the Silk Road International Cultural Expo in 2017, thus making it once again a global crossroads.
2. In what ways is present-day Dunhuang influenced by its past
Present-day Dunhuang is influenced by its past such as its long and glorious history, its cultural and commercial value and a flourishing trade in goods...
3. What would you most like to see in Dunhuang Why
The famous Library Cave, which has mysterious cultural history ...
4. What methods can you use to find out information effectively
We can surf the Internet or visit Dunhuang in person ...
1. On the old Silk Road, this city was the gateway to and from Ancient China, a place where East met West, and a green island in the middle of the desert.
这座城市坐落在古丝绸之路上，曾经是古代中国的门户、东西方交汇的地方，也是沙海中的绿岛。
Paraphrase：In ancient times, Dunhuang’s location on the Silk Road meant that it was an important place for people travelling in and out of China. It was a meeting point for Chinese and Western cultures, and its greenness made it stand out in the middle of the desert.
本句中a place where East met West 和 a green island in the middle of the desert与the gateway to and from Ancient China是并列结构。
Language points
2. Dunhuang’s long and glorious history represents its significance as a centre of cultural and commercial exchange.
敦煌悠久而辉煌的历史体现了它作为文化和商业交流中心的重要性。
glorious adj. 辉煌的，光荣的
【词汇拓展】
a glorious victory 光荣的胜利
glorious traditions 光荣的传统
die a glorious death 死得光荣
glory n.［U］光荣，荣誉；［C］辉煌的成就，值得骄傲的事
win glory for 为……赢得荣誉
for the glory of 为了……的荣誉
e.g. Our country has a glorious past.
我们的国家有一段辉煌的历史。
3. Today, Dunhuang is a world-class tourist destination boasting sites with UNESCO-protected heritage status.
如今，敦煌是世界一流的旅游胜地，拥有联合国教科文组织保护的遗产。
boast v.（地方、机构等）自豪地拥有（好的事物）；夸耀，吹嘘
e.g. The hotel also boasts two swimming pools and a golf course.
那家宾馆还拥有两个游泳池和一个高尔夫球场。
【词汇拓展】
boast about 夸耀……
boast that... 吹嘘说……
e.g. They boasted that they had never lost a single game.
他们吹嘘说从来没有输过一场比赛。
4. If you look up，you can see the paintings and other artworks that are testimony to how the Silk Road brought East and West together.
如果你向上看，你可以看到绘画和其他艺术作品，它们是丝绸之路如何把东方和西方连接在一起的证据。
(1) 本句包括if引导的条件状语从句，that引导的定语从句和how引导的宾语从句。句中主句为you can see the paintings and other artworks，that...together为定语从句修饰paintings and other artworks，其中that在从句中作主语，而定语从句中又含一个由how引导的宾语从句作介词to的宾语。
(2) testimony n. 证据；证明；证词
【词汇拓展】
be (a) testimony to是……的证明
e.g. The reports are testimony to the many hours of research completed by this committee.
这些报告证明该委员会花了很多时间进行研究。
5. The subjects of the Dunhuang murals vary from religious stories to scenes of everyday life.
敦煌壁画的主题从宗教故事到日常生活场景各不相同。
vary from...to... 在……到……之间变化
e.g. Office hours vary from company to company and country to country.
因公司、国家不同，办公时间也有所不同。
【词汇拓展】
vary from person to person因人而异
vary in 在……方面不同
vary with 随……而变化
vary according to 根据……而变化
6. The Apsaras are depicted sailing in the bright blue sky, with their scarves flying, as if they are about to fly down to meet us.
上面画的是飞天在蔚蓝的天空中飞行,他们帔巾飘飘,好像要飞下来迎接我们。
(1) 句子主干是 The Apsaras are depicted sailing in the bright blue sky。
(2) as if引导的是状语从句。
(3) with their scarves flying是with复合结构,宾补fly与scarves 构成逻辑主动关系。with复合结构：with +n/pron +doing/done/to do/adj/adv/介词短语。
7. The painting of Apsaras reached a peak during the Tang Dynasty...
飞天画在唐代达到了顶峰……
peak n. 高峰，顶点，顶峰；山顶，山峰 v. 达到高峰，达到最高值
【词汇拓展】
reach a peak 达到顶峰
at a/the/one’s peak 处于顶峰
climb to a peak 攀到顶峰
e.g. Sales this month have reached a new peak.
本月的销售额创了新高。
We saw a victory by an athlete at the very peak of her fitness and career.
我们目睹了一位运动员在她的体能和运动生涯的顶峰时期在比赛中取得胜利。
8. In a sealed cave, now known as the famous Library Cave, were hidden thousands of manuscripts, paintings and scrolls, as well as silk embroideries.
在一个封闭的洞窟，也就是现在著名的藏经洞中，藏了成千上万的 手稿、绘画、卷轴以及丝绸刺绣。
Paraphrase：Thousands of manuscripts, paintings, scrolls and silk embroideries were hidden in a sealed cave, which is now known as the Library Cave.
本句为倒装句。当表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词或名词短语时，句子需用完全倒装，其形式为：介词短语+谓语+主语。
e.g. Under the table sleeps a white cat.
一只白猫在桌子下面睡觉。
当主语是人称代词时，主语和谓语通常不倒装。
e.g. Under the tree he slept soundly.
他在树下酣睡。
9. Dating from 405 AD to 1002 AD, these hidden treasures give us a picture of Dunhuang when it was at the very centre of the Silk Road trade.
这些隐藏的宝藏可追溯到公元405年至公元1002年间，为我们展现了 敦煌作为丝绸之路贸易中心时的画面。
date from追溯到……（=date back to）
date from/date back to 常用于一般现在时，没有进行时态和被动语态。常用现在分词作定语或状语。
e.g. The musical instrument dating back to the Tang Dynasty is still in good condition.
追溯到唐朝的这件乐器仍旧保存完好。
【辨析】
date back 后接表示一段时间的名词，而date back to/date from 后接表示具体时间的名词。
10. The scrolls are ①so detailed that they describe the vast range of goods ②that were imported and exported from Dunhuang, such as ceramics, medicine, perfumes and fruit, to name just a few.
这些卷轴内容非常详细，描述了敦煌进出口的各种商品，例如 陶瓷、药品、香料和水果。
Paraphrase：The scrolls are written in such detail that they describe the huge variety of goods that were brought into and out of Ancient China from Dunhuang, Ceramics, medicine, perfumes and fruit are just a few examples of these goods.
(1) 本句中①处为so...that..引导的结果状语从句，②处为that引导的定语从句
(2) to name just a few这个短语意为“仅举几例”，可用于写作中。
e.g. I play a lot of sports, like football, basketball and baseball, to name just a few.
我做很多运动，比如足球、篮球和棒球，仅举几例。
11. Gradually, it faded from memory, even though it was once such a great city.
渐渐地，它从人们的记忆中消失了，尽管它曾经是一座如此伟大的城市。
fade from从……逐渐消失
e.g. All memory of the childhood faded from her mind.
儿时的所有记忆都从她脑海中逐渐消失。
【词汇拓展】
fade away 逐渐消失；（身体）变得虚弱
fade in（使）（画面）淡入；（使）（声音）渐强
fade out（使）（画面）淡出；（使）（声音）渐弱
【误区警示】
表示声音渐渐消失时，fade out, fade away 以及die away, die down 有时可换用。
12. This century is bringing the Silk Road to life once more through the Belt and Road Initiative.
本世纪，通过“一带一路”倡议，丝绸之路再次焕发生机。
(1)本句用表示时间的名词作主语，与上一段的开头In the Ming Dynasty相呼应，更突出了在新时代丝绸之路焕发出新生机的含义。
(2) bring...(back) to life 使……焕发生机/ 复活
e.g. The new teacher really brought French to life for us.
这位新来的老师把我们的法语课教得生动活泼。
【误区警示】
bring...（back）to life 是及物动词短语，可用于被动语态。
come（back）to life 意为“苏醒”，是不及物动词短语，不可用于 被动语态。
13. Given that the theme of the Expo was to promote cultural exchange and strengthen mutual cooperation between the countries along the Silk Road, Dunhuang was the ideal place.
鉴于博览会的主题是促进文化交流和加强丝绸之路沿线国家的相互合作，敦煌正是理想的会址。
(1) given that-从句，given 为介词, 意为 “考虑到……，鉴于……” ,常常用来引导原因状语从句。
(2) strengthen v. 加强；（使）变强
e.g. Our friendship has steadily strengthened over the years.
我们的友谊逐年加深。
【词汇拓展】
strength n.［U］力量，力气；［C］长处，优势，优点
with all one’s strength 用尽全力
build up one’s strength 增强体质
strengths and weaknesses 长处和短处
1. Introduce the Silk Road to your friends.
2. Say something about Dunhuang.
