(共16张PPT)
Unit 6
Period 5
Writing & Presenting ideas
新 课 导 入
What do you know think about living in space
课 堂 学 习
1
Read the passage and answer the questions.
In space, even the most straightforward, everyday tasks can be quite difficult for astronauts who are spending months on board a spacecraft. In this zero gravity world, there is no up or down, and while sleeping on the ceiling might sound like fun, astronauts need to be strapped to sleeping compartments to protect themselves from injury.
Although not many people enjoy doing housework, astronauts need to find the self-discipline to keep the small interior of their spacecraft clean; even using a vacuum cleaner to stop dust from getting into the air filters. A vacuum cleaner also comes in handy for fetching items that are floating around out-of-reach!
Astronauts also need to keep themselves clean. To do this, they use special soap and shampoo which do not need to be rinsed off with water. After brushing their teeth, they spit into a towel.
With no gravity to push against, astronauts’ bones and muscles can become weak. In order to stay fit, astronauts have to exercise on a regular basis.
And while some food items, such as cakes and fruit can be eaten in more or less the same way that they are on Earth, water needs to be added to much of the food that is eaten in space. Nonetheless, a menu for a hungry astronaut can still be varied and balanced, often including soup, prawn sandwiches, as well as fruit yoghurt. And as salt and pepper would simply float away, astronauts are provided with these in liquid form.
Carrying out these everyday tasks effectively helps the astronauts stay healthy and focus on their work in space — after all, imagine what would happen if they caught a cold and started to sneeze!
1 What is the main reason why everyday tasks are less simple in space
2 Why is it important for astronauts to exercise regularly
3 What else do you know about life on a spacecraft
Everyday tasks are less simple mainly because of the zero gravity in space.
It’s important for astronauts to exercise regularly because with no gravity to push against, astronauts’ bones and muscles can become weak in space. Exercising regularly can help them stay fit.
What does a journal entry usually include
a journal entry
What you did
Time
What you enjoyed most / least
How you felt
2
Imagine you have spent 24 hours on board a spacecraft. Use the notes to organise your journal entry.
What you did on the spacecraft:
How you felt:
What you enjoyed most / least:
Now write your journal entry. Do further research if necessary.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3
Work in pairs. Make improvements to each other’s journal entries and share them with the class.
Sample:
Sunday 12 April
I was lucky enough to be chosen as a visitor to the space station! After an exciting blast into orbit, I couldn’t wait to look through the space station windows into deep space! You can imagine my disappointment when I didn’t see many stars. The astronauts laughed and explained to me that we were still in the sunlight, so of course we couldn’t see much, because the light was too bright.
Shortly after, we passed into Earth’s shadow, and I looked out of the window to see the most amazing number of stars! I felt very excited! This is the most unforgettable experience on the station. Soon after that, it was time for dinner. The thing I noticed most was not the zero gravity measures for eating, but the fact that the food didn’t have much taste. And my nose felt blocked. It turns out these things are related, because in zero gravity, your face swells up more. After that, it was time to get strapped into bed. It was a bit hard to sleep in zero gravity--my arms kept floating away, and I woke up to see them right in front of my face, instead of lying on the bed like they would on Earth. Despite even simple things being harder to do, I really enjoyed being in zero gravity, and I loved being able to float around instead of having to walk. It’s a pity my stay on the station was so short. It would have been great to stay longer and learn more about life in space!
4
Read the news report and find out what the Voyager 1 spacecraft took into space.
Voyager 1 is the spacecraft most distant from Earth. It contains a record called Sounds of Earth, which has recordings of greetings, music and sounds from Earth, as well as many photographs of our world. It is hoped that the record will be found by other civilisations on distant planets and help them learn about us.
Answer:
Voyager 1 took a record called Sounds of Earth, which has recordings of greetings, music and sounds from Earth, as well as many photographs of our world.
5
Decide which three things you would put on a disc to be set up on the next Voyager mission and complete the table.
Contents on disc Reasons for your choice
A
B
C
6
Work in groups. Share your ideas with your group and decide on a final list.
7
Prepare a short presentation. Consider the following:
1 the structure of your presentation
2 useful words, expressions and structures
8
Give your presentation to the class. Vote for the three things your class would most like to put on the disc.
1. How can we write a journal entry about living in space
2. Talk about what the Voyager 1 spacecraft took into space and the three things you would put on a disc to be set up on the next Voyager mission.(共26张PPT)
Unit 6
Period 4
Reading
新 课 导 入
1
Match the images taken by the Hubble Space Telescope to their nicknames. Do research online to find out more information about them.
1 The Pillars of Creation
2 The Horsehead
3 The Cat’s Eye
b
c
a
课 堂 学 习
2
Look at the title of the passage and predict what “eyes” refers to.
EYES UPON THE NIGHT
1 The night sky has been an endless source of fascination since the start of human history. For example, the mysterious large-eyed, bronze statues of the ancient Shu Kingdom, discovered at the Chinese archeological site at Sanxingdui, were believed to have been able to look across great distances into the stars. In reality, humans can see very little of the night sky with the naked eye. And, for a long while, people were unable to understand what they could see. Not knowing what the stars were, people in ancient times used their imaginations to create a world in the sky.
Now read the passage and check your prediction.
2 Our power to investigate and thus understand space changed dramatically when the first telescope was angled at the night sky, increasing as it did the power of the human eye and enabling us to understand that the universe is far larger than was previously imaginable. The planets were seen to be worlds similar to our own, many of them even having their own moons. Soon, it was understood that the Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy we call the Milky Way. Some 300 years later, we learnt that the Milky Way itself was just one galaxy among billions of others, spread across the blackness of space like great islands of light and matter floating in a vast cosmic ocean.
3 Almost 400 years after the first Earth-based telescope was invented, the Hubble Space Telescope was launched into orbit, giving astronomers - indeed all of us - the first breathtakingly beautiful images of our universe taken from beyond Earth. Nothing in history has allowed us to see so much over such great distances, from enormous clouds of gas where stars are being born, to huge black holes, and even to new planets where we might conceivably find life. Not only that - it has also helped us to work out the age and nature of the universe, and discover the incredible fact that the universe is expanding at an ever-increasing speed.
4 To see even further into the universe, many countries are now engaged in building ever more advanced telescopes. Currently, China operates the world's largest and most powerful radio telescope, the FAST telescope, completed in 2016. The 500-metre dish of the "Eye of Heaven", as it is known, is being used in the search for dark matter, thought to be composed of subatomic particles invisible to ordinary telescopes. This vast dish also has the ability to explore regions of space billions of light years away, right at the edge of the visible universe.
5 The Hubble and the space telescopes constructed after it will allow us to see further and further into space. We will view stars and galaxies billions of light years away and look back at a past that was billions of years ago. Using ever-larger radio telescopes as our eyes, we will one day be able to look back to a time in the very early universe, before the existence of light. But the human quest for knowledge reaches even beyond that. So much of the universe remains unexplored that we are still close to the start of this incredible journey of discovery.
What does “eyes” refer to
The “eyes” not only refer to the mysterious large-eyed, bronze statues of the ancient Shu Kingdom, the Hubble Space Telescope and the FAST telescope, but also refer to the great human spirit of exploration.
Read the passage and divide it into parts, then summarise the main idea of each part.
Part 1 Paragraph 1
The way of understanding the night sky in ancient times.
Part 2 Paragraphs 2~4
The development of the telescope and the development of understanding the space.
Part 3 Paragraph 5
There will be a long and incredible journey of space exploration.
The order in which a series of ideas is conveyed in an essay is called “sequencing”. Time sequencing is a common method to explain how events change and develop with time. It is often used to discuss changes and developments.
Learning to learn
3
Think about how the author organised the passage and complete the timeline with information from the passage.
Thousands of years ago, people already regarded the night sky as an 1_________. It was believed that the huge eyes of the large-eyed bronze statues from the Chinese archeological site at Sanxingdui were able to 2_________.
Our power to see the sky changed dramatically when 3_________. It extended 4_________ and caused us to realise that the universe is a far larger place than we ever imagined.
In 1990, the Hubble Space Telescope was launched into orbit. For the first time, people could 5_________. These ranged from 6_________ , and even to new planets.
In 2016, 7_________ was built in China. It is used in the search for dark matter, which cannot be observed by ordinary telescopes. Its 8_________ has the ability to make discoveries beyond our imaginations.
Answers:
1 endless source of fascination
2 look across great distances into the stars
3 the first telescope was angled at the night sky
4 the power of the human eye
5 see breathtakingly beautiful images of our universe taken from beyond Earth
6 enormous clouds of gas to huge black holes
7 the FAST telescope
8 vast dish
Think Share
1 Why do you think people have always been interested in the stars
2 Which development in astronomy mentioned in the passage has made the greatest impression on you
3 In what different ways do the two reading passages in this unit reflect the spirit of exploration
4 Have you ever used a telescope or been to a planetarium Share your experience with the class.
3 The first passage is about the Challenger disaster. Although it was a tragedy, people did not stop exploring space. This shows that people will always seek to explore, even if some lose their lives in doing so. The second passage is about the development of the telescope, and how it reflects our desire to explore the unknown. Unlike the exploration conducted by astronauts such as those in the Challenger, the exploration in the second passage was conducted by people located on Earth, at no personal risk. Nonetheless, the knowledge gained from telescopes is immense. The passages show that there are different ways of exploring the universe and gaining knowledge.
4
Work in groups. Give a talk about the quote.
1 Talk about the meaning of Humphry Davy’s quote and whether you agree with it.
2 Organise your ideas by completing the notes.
The more we know, the more we feel our ignorance; the more we feel how much remains unknown.
Humphry Davy
Point of view:
Arguments:
Supporting examples:
3 Share your ideas with the class.
Now think about how well you contributed to the group discussion and what you could do to improve.
Language points
1. Not knowing what the stars were, people in ancient times used their imaginations to create a world in the sky.
古时的人们并不知道星星到底是什么，所以他们便凭着想象去创造了一个空中世界。
Not knowing what the stars were是现在分词结构作原因状语，置于句首。
e.g. Believing the story, he kept on searching for further proof.
因为相信这个故事，他继续寻找进一步的证据。
2. Our power to investigate and thus understand space changed dramatically when the first telescope was angled at the night sky, increasing as it did the power of the human eye and enabling us to understand that the universe is far larger than was previously imaginable.
当第一台望远镜对准夜空时, 我们探索进而理解太空的能力发生了巨大的变化, 它不仅增强了人类肉眼观测的能力, 而且也让我们明白宇宙要比之前想象的大得多。
(1) when引导时间状语从句，increasing和enabling为现在分词短语作伴随状语，as it did为as引导的方式状语从句，that引导宾语从句，比较级than后面为省略的比较状语从句，省略了主语the universe，其完全形式为 “the universe was previously imaginable”。
(2) v. 斜移，斜置
angle for sth. 转弯抹角地打听；博取
e.g. He angled his chair so that he could sit and watch her.
他斜移了椅子，以便坐着观察她。
She was angling for sympathy. 她有意博取同情。
n. 角；角度；立场
at an angle 倾斜地，成一定角度地
from a(n)... angle 从……角度
e.g. The picture was hanging at an angle. 画斜挂着。
The rising sun is especially beautiful to look at from this angle.
正在升起的太阳从这个角度看特别美。
3. Soon, it was understood that the Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy we call the Milky Way.
很快，我们明白太阳只不过是银河系中数十亿计的恒星中的一个。
(1) 本句中的it是形式主语，而that the Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy we call the Milky Way是真正的主语。这种语法现象在英语中很常见。
e.g. It is widely known that Earth goes round the Sun.
众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。
(2) we call the Milky Way为定语从句，修饰先行词galaxy。
4. Nothing in history has allowed us to see so much over such great distances, from enormous clouds of gas where stars are being born, to huge black holes, and even to new planets where we might conceivably find life.它让我们史无前例地看到了如此 遥远的景观——从星体诞生的巨大气体云团，到巨型黑洞，甚至到可能会发现生命迹象的新行星。
本句中的两个where引导的从句均为定语从句，分别修饰gas和planets。
5. Not only that - it has also helped us to work out the age and nature of the universe, and discover the incredible fact that the universe is expanding at an ever-increasing speed. 不仅如此，它还帮助我们测算宇宙的年龄并分析宇宙的本质，且发现了惊人的事实——宇宙正在以不断增加的速度扩大。
(1) that引导同位语从句，作fact的同位语。
(2) at a(an) ... speed 以……的速度
e.g. His money was running out at an alarming speed.
他的钱用得很快，速度惊人。
6. To see even further into the universe, many countries are now engaged in building ever more advanced telescopes. 为了能更深入地观察宇宙，很多国家开始投入研发更先进的望远镜。
(1) To see even further into the universe为不定式短语作目的状语。
(2) be engaged in (doing) sth. 从事于……，忙于……
=engage oneself in (doing) sth.
e.g. He wants to be engaged in foreign trade. = He wants to engage (himself) in foreign trade. 他想要从事外贸工作。
【归纳拓展】
be engaged to sb. 和……订婚
engage in 参与……，参加……
engage sb. to do sth. 雇用某人做某事
engagement n. 订婚；约会；雇用
7. The 500-metre dish of the "Eye of Heaven", as it is known, is being used in the search for dark matter, thought to be composed of subatomic particles invisible to ordinary telescopes. 众所周知，这个被称为“天眼”的500米口径巨盘用于探寻暗物质。暗物质被认为由亚原子粒子组成，一般望远镜是观测不到的。
(1) as it is known为as引导的非限制性定语从句，thought to be composed of subatomic particles invisible to ordinary telescopes为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰dark matter。
(2) be composed of 由……组成。
e.g. All living things are composed of cells.
所有的生物都由细胞组成。
8. But the human quest for knowledge reaches even beyond that.
但人类对知识的追求远不止于此。
the/one’s quest for 对……的追求/ 探索
e.g. the quest for happiness/knowledge/truth
对幸福/知识/真理的追求
My quest for a better bank continues.
我继续在搜寻一家更好的银行。
【归纳拓展】
in quest of sth. 寻找某物
e.g. He went off in quest of food. 他外出寻找食物去了。
9. So much of the universe remains unexplored that we are still close to the start of this incredible journey of discovery.
宇宙还有很多未知领域，我们才刚刚接近这段奇幻发现之旅的起点。
本句中含有由so...that引导的结果状语从句。
so...that和such...that都可以引导结果状语从句，二者的不同之处在于so修饰形容词或副词，such修饰名词或名词短语。
e.g. So amazing was his voice that the singer attracted many passers-by.
那位歌手的声音如此美妙，以至于他吸引了许多路人。
The teacher gave the children such wonderful picture books that they got wild with joy.
老师给了孩子们这么棒的图画书，他们高兴得不得了。
Retelling EYES UPON THE NIGHT
Part 1 Paragraph 1
The way of understanding the night sky in ancient times.
Part 2 Paragraphs 2~4
The development of the telescope and the development of understanding the space.
Part 3 Paragraph 5
There will be a long and incredible journey of space exploration.(共32张PPT)
Unit 6
Period 1
Starting out & Understanding ideas
课 堂 学 习
Watch the video and answer the questions.
1 How was the Sun formed
2 Where are the Asteroid Belt and the Kuiper Belt in the solar system
3 What else do you know about the solar system
Share what you know with the class.
1
Starting out
1 How was the Sun formed
2 Where are the Asteroid Belt and the Kuiper Belt in the solar system
3 What else do you know about the solar system Share what you know with the class.
First, enough gas and dust pulled together to make a disc where the planets formed. Then, building pressure heated up the center of the disc to one million degrees, and a nuclear reaction began, which formed the Sun.
The Asteroid Belt lies between Mars and Jupiter. The Kuiper Belt exists just beyond the orbit of Neptune.
Look at the timeline and answer the questions.
2
1 Which of these spacecraft had a human on board when launched
2 What are the recent events in China's space programme Add them to the timeline.
3 What do you know about China's future plans for space exploration
1 Which of these spacecraft had a human on board when launched
2 What are the recent events in China's space programme Add them to the timeline.
3 What do you know about China's future plans for space exploration
Shenzhou V.
For example, on July 4, 2021, the Shenzhou-12 crew successfully completed all the scheduled tasks during the exit activity, which lasted about seven hours.
1
Complete the quiz and find out how much you know about space exploration. Try to guess if you are not sure of the answers.
Understanding ideas
1 The first satellite was launched by the USSR in _______.
a 1945 b 1962 c 1957
2 The first person in space was _______.
a Robert Crippen b Yuri Gagarin c Neil Armstrong
3 The first person to walk in space was _______.
a Alexei Leonov b William McCool c Yang Liwei
4 The first space station was Salyut 1, which was launched by _______.
a the USA b the USSR c the European Space Agency
5 The first spacecraft to leave the solar system was _______.
a Vostok 1 b Discovery c Voyager 1
2
Look at the title of the passage and the picture. Predict what the passage is about.
Now read the passage and check your prediction.
The Call of the Challenger
1 Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 20 July 1969, people have become accustomed to the notion of space travel. Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets, their hearts in their mouths, aware of how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was, and of the many things that could go wrong. With Armstrong's now famous words "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind", what had once been considered impossible had now been achieved. Guided by a computer that was much less powerful than the ones used by today's average school students, all three astronauts of the Apollo 11 mission made it safely back to Earth.
2 Following the Moon landings, space travel rapidly became unexceptional to the public, as innovations succeeded each other. By the early 1980s, the great rockets previously used in the American space programme had been replaced by the space shuttle. When the Challenger space shuttle took off on 28 January 1986, the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved. But this was going to be no ordinary excursion, and millions of people tuned in to witness the take-off on TV. It was special because Christa McAuliffe aged 37, an ordinary teacher and mother, was about to become the first civilian in space. She planned to give two 15-minute lessons from orbit: the first to demonstrate the controls of the spacecraft and explain how gravity worked, and the second to describe the objectives of the Challenger programme. Christa hoped to communicate a sense of excitement and rekindle interest in the space programme. With the eyes of students across the nation upon her, she might have inspired an entirely new generation of astronauts and space scientists.
3 Tragically, she never returned to her classroom as the shuttle exploded just over a minute after taking off in Florida, and all seven astronauts on board were killed. The world went into shock, most people having assumed that this space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane. How wrong they had been! Instantaneously, excitement and optimism turned into terror and failure. It was the most disastrous space accident ever, and it cast a shadow on people's hearts.
4 "I can remember that day so clearly, watching the take-off on TV at school," said one student. "There was an ordinary teacher on the Challenger, and we were all very excited. We didn't have much patience waiting for the launch. We had seen the smiling faces of the astronauts waving to the world as they stepped into the shuttle. Then, little more than a minute after take-off, we saw a strange red and orange light in the sky, followed by a cloud of white smoke. The Challenger had exploded in mid-air and we all started screaming."
5 Following the shock of the Challenger disaster, space shuttle flights were suspended for nearly three years while the cause of the disaster was investigated, and some of the shuttle's components were redesigned. But there was never any doubt that manned flights would continue, and on 29 September 1988, the space shuttle programme resumed with the successful launch of Discovery.
6 It has now been over 30 years since the loss of Challenger and although the lives of its crew were cut tragically short, they take their place alongside the other heroes of space exploration, such as Gagarin, Tereshkova, Armstrong and Yang Liwei. The memory of those seven will live forever, written in the stars, inspiring us to join them in humanity's greatest journey of exploration and discovery. The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us, reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars, no matter how distant they might seem.
Read the passage and divide it into parts, then summarise the main idea of each part.
Part 1 Paragraphs 1~2
That the Challenger successfully launched had a positive effect on people.
Part 2 Paragraphs 3~5
The disaster of the Challenger cast a shadow on space exploration.
Part 3 Paragraph 6
The space program will continue despite the disaster of the Challenger.
Choose the ideas mentioned in the passage and find the evidence.
3
1 People thought space travel was no longer dangerous.
2 Christa would have inspired lots of people if she hadn’t lost her life on board the Challenger.
3 People were determined to continue with the space programme after the disaster.
4 The disaster proved we should use robots to explore space instead of people.
5 The shuttle was not reliable and should not have been used.
EVIDENCE
1 Para. 2: Following the Moon landings, space travel rapidly became unexceptional to the public, as innovations succeeded each other.
2 Para. 2: Christa hoped to communicate a sense of excitement and rekindle interest in the space programme. With the eyes of students across the nation upon her, she might have inspired an entirely new generation of astronauts and space scientists.
3 Para. 5: But there was never any doubt that manned flights would continue, and on 29 September 1988, the space shuttle programme resumed with the successful launch of Discovery.
Para. 6: The memory of those seven will live forever, written in the stars, inspiring us to join them in humanity's greatest journey of exploration and discovery. The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us, reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars, no matter how distant they might seem.
Organise information from the passage and complete the fact file.
4
Answers:
1 28 January 1986
2 seven astronauts
It was special because Christa McAuliffe aged 37, an ordinary teacher and mother, was about to become the first civilian in space.
She planned to give two 15-minute lessons from orbit: the first to demonstrate the controls of the spacecraft and explain how gravity worked, and the second to describe the objectives of the Challenger programme.
Space shuttle flights were suspended for nearly three years while the cause of the disaster was investigated, and some of the shuttle’s components were redesigned.
Discovery followed the Challenger, and was launched on 29 September 1988.
Now talk about what you can learn from the Challenger disaster.
1 What were people’s feelings before and after the Challenger disaster Find evidence in the passage to support your answer.
2 Do you know of any other disasters that have occurred while exploring space Share one with the class. Why do you think people continue to explore space despite the risks
3 Would you like to go into space Give your reasons.
4 What language in the passage could you use to describe other events in space exploration
Think & Share
1 What were people’s feelings before and after the Challenger disaster Find evidence in the passage to support your answer.
2 Do you know of any other disasters that have occurred while exploring space Share one with the class. Why do you think people continue to explore space despite the risks
3 Would you like to go into space Give your reasons.
4 What language in the passage could you use to describe other events in space exploration
Before the Challenger disaster, people felt optimistic and were very excited to watch the take-off on TV. They became shocked and scared after the disaster.
1. Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 20 July 1969, people have become accustomed to the notion of space travel.
自从1969年7月20日尼尔·阿姆斯特朗首次登月以来，人们已习惯于太空旅行这个概念。
(1) Ever since引导时间状语从句。
(2) set foot on 进入，到达
e.g. The explorers failed to set foot on the land of Antarctica due to extreme weather. 由于极端天气，探险者未能踏上南极大陆。
Language points
【词语辨析】
set foot in和set foot on用法类似，只不过介词in 强调进入某个空间，介词on 强调踏上某个物体的表面。
e.g. She said she would never set foot in that house again.
她说她再也不会踏入那所房子了。
(3) become accustomed to 习惯于；对……变得习以为常
e.g. We have become accustomed to his way of speaking.
我们已经习惯了他说话的方式。
2. Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets, their hearts in their mouths, aware of how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was, and of the many things that could go wrong.
数百万人在黑白电视机前观看了首次登月，为此激动得心都跳到了嗓子眼儿，因为大家都明白这是一项多么艰巨、多么危险的任务，许多地方都可能出错。
本句的主干部分是Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets，their hearts in their mouths是独立主格结构，aware of how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was, and of the many things that could go wrong这部分是形容词短语作状语，来说明主语的状态。and 是表示并列关系，而且后面省略了形容词aware。
3. With Armstrong's now famous words "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind", what had once been considered impossible had now been achieved.
伴随着阿姆斯特朗说出那句名言——“这是个人的一小步，却是人类的一大步”，曾被认为是不可能的事情如今已经实现了。
(1)"That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind"为famous words的同位语从句；
(2)what引导主语从句。
4. Guided by a computer that was much less powerful than the ones used by today's average school students, all three astronauts of the Apollo 11 mission made it safely back to Earth.
执行“阿波罗11”号任务的三位宇航员在一台计算机的指导下都安全返回地球，这台计算机远不如当今普通学校的学生使用的计算机功能强大。
Guided by a computer ... school students为过去分词短语作伴随状语；that was much less ... school students为定语从句，修饰先行词computer；used by today's average school students为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰the ones。
5. Following the Moon landings, space travel rapidly became unexceptional to the public, as innovations succeeded each other. 登月后，随着新事物接连出现，宇宙航行迅速成为公众眼中的寻常之事。
(1) following the Moon landings置于句首，是现在分词短语作状语。
(2) 本句中的unexceptional意为“平常的”，与ordinary是近义词。
e.g. Nowadays, travelling abroad is unexceptional to some people as the transport has become more convenient. 如今，出国旅行对于一些人来说很平常，因为交通变得更加便捷了。）
(3) as意为“因为，由于”，引导原因状语从句。
e.g. As it is raining, you’d better take a taxi.
外面在下雨，你最好坐出租车。
6. Christa hoped to communicate a sense of excitement and rekindle interest in the space programme. 克里斯塔希望借此传达她的激动之情，重新燃起人们对太空计划的兴趣。
(1) 本句中的communicate为及物动词，意为“表达，传达（思想和感情）”。
e.g. As an actor, he could communicate a whole range of emotions.
作为一名演员，他能表达各种情感。
(2) rekindle 意为“重新激起，重新唤起”。
e.g. The pictures on the wall rekindled many memories.
墙上的这些画重新唤起许多记忆。
7. The world went into shock, most people having assumed that this space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane. 全世界都震惊了，大多数人本以为这次太空航行不会比乘飞机旅行更加危险。
本句中的most people having assumed that..为独立主格结构，独立主格结构在句子中常用来表示时间、原因、条件、伴随的动作或情况等。
e.g. The meeting being over, all of us went home.
开完会后，我们都回家了。
Weather permitting, we will go outside tomorrow.
如果天气允许的话，我们明天就出去。
8. It was the most disastrous space accident ever, and it cast a shadow on people's hearts.
这是有史以来最惨烈的航天事故，给人们心里蒙上了阴影。
cast a shadow on/over... 给……蒙上阴影；在……上投下影子
e.g. The ship's sail cast a shadow on the water.
船帆在水面上投下一片影子。
9. Following the shock of the Challenger disaster, space shuttle flights were suspended for nearly three years while the cause of the disaster was investigated, and some of the shuttle's components were redesigned. “挑战者”号令人震惊的灾难发生后，航天飞机航行中止了近三年时间，同时调查事故原因，重新设计飞行器的部分零件。
suspend v. 暂停，中止；使……暂时停学/停职；悬，挂，吊
搭配：suspend sb. from sth. 使某人暂时停学/停职
e.g. He’s been suspended from his duties. 他已被勒令停职。
10. The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us, reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars, no matter how distant they might seem.
“挑战者”号的牺牲召唤着、提醒着我们，不管星空看起来多么遥不可及，我们都要持之以恒地去探索。
(1) call to 号召；向……喊叫
e.g. Conclude with a quote or call to action.
以一个引证结束，或者号召大家去行动。
(2) reminding us that...是现在分词结构作状语，表示“提醒我们……”。
e.g. He stands at the crossing and waves the flag，reminding passers-by to watch out.
他站在十字路口挥着旗子。提醒行人小心。
(3) reach for the stars 追求难以实现的东西；心比天高；雄心勃勃
e.g. She decided very early that she was going to reach for the stars and get to the top of her profession.
她很早就决定，她要雄心勃勃，达到自己职业的顶峰。
Retelling The Call of the Challenger
Part 1 Paragraphs 1~2
That the Challenger successfully launched had a positive effect on people.
Part 2 Paragraphs 3~5
The disaster of the Challenger cast a shadow on space exploration.
Part 3 Paragraph 6
The space program will continue despite the disaster of the Challenger.(共19张PPT)
Unit 6
Period 2
Grammar
课 堂 学 习
1
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
a Millions watched that first lunar landing ... aware ... of the many things that could go wrong.
b The world went into shock, most people having assumed that this space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane.
c I can remember that day so clearly, watching the take-off on TV at school, ...
d The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us, reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars, ...
Review: modals
1 Which sentence talks about ability
c
2 Which sentence talks about possibility
a
3 Which sentence talks about necessity
d
4 Which sentence talks about prediction
b
5 What other modals do you know What do they indicate
Will, may, might, have to, shall, should, ought to, need, dare...
Now look for more sentences with modals in the reading passage.
1. With the eyes of students across the nation upon her, she might have inspired an entirely new generation of astronauts and space scientists.
2. But there was never any doubt that manned flights would continue, and on 29 September 1988, the space shuttle programme resumed with the successful launch of Discovery.
3. The memory of those seven will live forever, written in the stars, inspiring us to join them in humanity's greatest journey of exploration and discovery.
4. The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us, reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars, no matter how distant they might seem.
【语法讲解】
情态动词
情态动词本身有一定的词义，表示语气的单词。但是不能独立作谓语，只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词用在行为动词前，表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法或主观设想。 情态动词虽然数量不多，但用途广泛，主要包括下列单词和短语：can (could)、may (might)、must、have to、will (would)、need、ought to、dare (dared)、shall (should)。
1. can, could
(1) 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。
Can you skate 你会溜冰吗
此时可用be able to代替。can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而be able to则有更多的时态。
I’ll not be able to come this afternoon. 今天下午我不能来了。
当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to，不能用can。
He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain. 尽管下着大雨，他昨天晚上还是去参加了聚会。
(2) 表示请求和允许。
—Can I go now 我现在可以走了吗
—Yes, you can. / No, you can’t. 是的，可以/不，你不可以。
此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could、might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。
—Could I come to see you tomorrow 明天我能来见你吗
—Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not.)可以。(我恐怕不能。)
(3) 表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。
This hall can hold 500 people at least. 这个大厅至少能容纳500人。
(4) 表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度)，用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。
Can this be true 这能是真的吗
2. may, might
(1) 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t或mustn’t，表示“不可以，禁止”。
—Might/May I smoke in this room 我能在这屋里抽烟吗
—No, you mustn’t. 不可以。
用May I... 征询对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can I... 在口语中更常见。
(2) 用于祈使句，表示祝愿。
May both the bride and groom have long and happy lives.
祝新郎新娘白头偕老，幸福美满。
(3) 表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句）。might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。
He may/might be very busy now. 他现在可能很忙。
3. must, have to
(1) 表示必须、必要。
You must come in time. 你必须按时来。
在回答引出的问句时, 如果是否定的, 不能用mustn’t (禁止，不准)，而用needn’t、don’t have to(不必).
—Must we hand in our exercise books today
我们必须今天交练习本吗
—Yes, you must.
—No, you don’t have to/you needn’t.
(2) must是说话人的主观看法, 而have to则强调客观需要。must只有一般现在时, have to 有更多的时态形式。
His play isn’t interesting, I really must go now.
他的比赛没意思, 我现在必须走了。
I had to work when I was your age.
当我是你这个年龄时我不得不工作。
(3) 表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)
You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best. 你是汤姆的好朋友, 所以你一定知道他最喜欢什么。
4. will, would
(1) 表示请求、建议等, would更委婉。
Will/Would you pass me the ball, please
请把球传给我好吗
(2) 表示意志、愿望或决心。
I will never do that again.
我再也不会这样做了。
They asked him if he would go abroad.
他们问他是否会出国。
(3) will表示某种倾向或习惯性动作，意为“总是会；老是；就是”；否定结构意为“不肯；不能”。
Some birds will fly south when winter comes.
冬天来临时，有些鸟会飞往南方。
(4) would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式，且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。
During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.
放假期间，他每隔一天就会来看我。
(5) 表示估计或猜想。
It would be about ten o’clock when she left home.
她离开家大约要十点钟。
5. should, ought to
(1) should, ought to表示“应该”，ought to表示义务或责任，比should语气重。
I should help her because she is in trouble.
我应该帮助她，因为她有麻烦。
You ought to take care of the baby. 你应该照顾婴儿。
(2) 表示劝告、建议或命令。should、ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。
You should/ought to go to class right away.
您应该/应该马上去上课。
Should I open the window 我应该打开窗户吗
(3) 表示推测
should, ought to (客观推测), must(主观推测)。
He must be home by now. (断定他已到家)
他现在一定在家。
He ought to/should be home by now. (不太肯定)
他现在应该在家。
(4) should(表示可能)假如, 万一
If you should change your mind, do let me know.
如果你改变主意, 一定要告诉我。
6. shall
(1) shall 用于第一人称, 征求对方的意见。
What shall we do this evening 今晚我们做什么
(2) shall 用于第二、三人称, 表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
You shall fail if you don’t work hard. (警告)
如果你不努力工作, 你就会失败。
He shall have the book when I finish it. (允诺)
我读完这本书后, 他就可以拿到了。
He shall be punished. (威胁)
他将受到惩罚。
2
Read the passage and choose the correct modals.
On 15 October 1997，the Cassini spacecraft set out on a mission to explore the planet Saturn. So great was the distance from Earth that it would / shall need to travel for almost six years to reach its destination. When it reached Saturn, it sent back amazing images of the planet’s famous rings viewed in ultraviolet light. Cassini made numerous trips around Saturn so it could / must collect data. Over the following years, Cassini took some 450,000 images of the planet and its moons. Finally, on 15 September 2017, Cassini was pointed towards Saturn so that it should / would meet a fiery end. Scientists had decided that Cassini could / must be destroyed this way, so it must / would not collide with any of Saturn’s moons. In its nearly 20-year mission, Cassini provided so much information that scientists could / would not process it all. No wonder so many people took to social media to bid it goodbye, saying, “Farewell, dear Cassini! We shall / should never forget you!”
3
Look at the picture and tell a story using modals where appropriate.
I couldn’t believe it when I looked into the Martian sky ...
4
Work in pairs. Take it in turns to draw a picture of space exploration and ask your partner to tell a story based on it. Use modals where appropriate.
1. Talk about the use of modals.
2. Make some sentences with modals.(共17张PPT)
Unit 6
Period 3
Listening and Speaking
新 课 导 入
What do you know about the Fermi Paradox
The Fermi Paradox: according to some calculations, there should be many other civilisations out there, but there is no evidence of these at all. No spacecraft, no radio transmissions, nothing. So, as Fermi said, “Where is everybody ”
Did You Know
课 堂 学 习
1
Listen to the interview and choose the questions discussed.
1 Is there life on other planets
2 What would life on other planets look like
3 Should we use robots to explore space
4 What is the Fermi Paradox
5 Will people ever make contact with life on other planets
2
Listen again and complete the table.
Answers
Q1 Sophie: There must be millions of planets like ours, and some could have life 1__________.
Eric: You would think it likely that 2__________. But that’s 3__________ the Fermi Paradox.
Q2 Sophie: Life on other planets won’t look like us because 4__________.
Eric: Because evolution 5__________, life on other planets is likely to look like us.
Q3 Eric: We cannot 6__________, which means it would take more than a lifetime to reach planets where there might be life.
Sophie: Maybe we don’t need to travel in straight lines. Perhaps we will be able to 7__________ to make contact with life on other planets.
Answers:
1 similar to our own
2 there are forms of life somewhere
3 without considering
4 conditions on other planets won’t be like those on Earth
5 would work the same way everywhere
6 travel faster than light
7 take short cuts, through a “wormhole” in space, for example
Now work in groups of three and act out the interview.
3
Complete the boxes with the expressions from the interview.
I think there definitely is. Since..., it isn’t reasonable to...
There’s evidence that... It would be wonderful if...
The fact that... means... Let’s hope that...
Expressing hopes
Expressing opinions
I think there definitely is. Since..., it isn’t reasonable to...
There’s evidence that... The fact that... means...
It would be wonderful if... Let’s hope that...
4
Work in pairs. Read the passage and answer the questions.
The dramatic scientific developments of recent years have brought space exploration back to public attention. As getting into space is however, still not an easy task, more and more space camps and other places are providing simulated space adventures.The Space Camp, founded in 1982 under NASA, is an educational camp, where children can learn about space travel and astronomy, and even have the chance to have lunch with an astronaut! So far, the camp has inspired hundreds of thousands of young people from the US and from elsewhere around the world. What's more, some of its ex-students have even grown up to become astronauts!
1 What is the passage mainly about
2 Would you like to take part in a space camp
Why or why not
1 What is the passage mainly about
The passage is mainly about the Space Camp.
2 Would you like to take part in a space camp
Why or why not
Yes, of course. Because I can learn about space travel and astronomy, and even have the chance to have lunch with an astronaut.
5
Read the advertisement for the space camp and find out what students can do there. Pay attention to the words and expressions in bold.
Sign up for our space programme now and give your knowledge of aviation and space a boost! Here at the observatory, you can learn about astronomy and take in a lunar eclipse.You will also have the chance to design and launch a model rocket.Then, join your mission teammates in our modern flight simulators. Put on a spacesuit, exit the capsule and go on your incredibly lifelike spacewalk in a world with zero gravity. Scared of being space sick Don't worry! Your special training will take care of this. Make the most of your lunar exploration adventure before re-entering into the atmosphere on your way back to Earth.
Answers:
At the observatory, you can learn about astronomy and take in a lunar eclipse. You will also have the chance to design and launch a model rocket. Then in modern flight simulators, you could put on a spacesuit, exit the capsule and go on your incredibly lifelike spacewalk in a world with zero gravity.
observatory天文台 lunar eclipse月食
launch a model rocket发射火箭模型 put on a spacesuit穿上航天服
capsule太空舱 spacewalk太空行走
zero gravity零重力 space sick太空病
6
Complete the email with the correct form of the words and expressions.
Dear Ted,
Remember when I told you I’d signed up for the space programme Well I just got back from a week of simulated manned flight activities, and it was awesome!
We started out with some theory, learning about astronomy in the 1__________ and then 2__________ model rockets. After that we tried the simulator. I put on a 3__________ and went for a walk in 4__________. It’s strange to float around like that - in fact, a lot of people get 5__________! Luckily, I felt fine. Then I returned to the 6__________ and travelled to the “Moon” for some lunar exploration. You should join the programme too - you’d love it!
Write soon!
Yours,
Kim
observatory, lunar eclipse, launch a model rocket, put on a spacesuit,
capsule, spacewalk, zero gravity, space sick
Answers:
1 observatory
2 launched
3 spacesuit
4 a world with zero gravity
5 space sick
6 capsule
7
Imagine you are going to apply for the programme. Organize your ideas for the short video by answering the questions.
1 Why do you want to take part in the programme
2 What activities would you like to experience
3 What is it about space that most interests you
What have you learnt about it
8
Present your ideas for the short video in class using the words and expressions in this section.
Now think about how well you structured your introduction and what you could do to improve.
1. Talk about the Fermi Paradox using expressions about expressing opinions and hopes.
2. Talk about the Space Camp using the words and expressions in this section.
