安徽省滁州市九校2023-2024学年高一上学期11月期中考试英语试卷
学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________
一、阅读理解
Cheapest Islands in the World to Visit
Grand Bahama Island, The Bahamas
As the northernmost of the 700 islands of the Bahamas, Grand Bahama dishes up plenty of cheap activities alongside its white-sand beaches. Visiting Lucayan National Park, which is home to both beloved Gold Rock Beach and one of the largest underwater cave(洞穴)systems in the world, is an affordable trip. There are hotel rooms at $80 a night.
Madeira, Portugal
Though closer to mainland Africa, Madeira is a part of Portugal known for its breathtaking natural beauty. Visitors can find hotels starting at $85 a night, and enjoy plenty of low-cost activities, like rowing a boat around the volcanic Porto Moniz natural swimming pools, and admiring the never-ending views around the island. No wonder it's been called the "Hawaii of Europe".
Dominican Republic
Looking for one of the least expensive Caribbean islands The Dominican Republic is full of affordable surprises. In Santo Domingo, walk around Zona Colonial, the historic heart of the country's capital, you'll find castles, cathedrals(教堂), cobblestone streets, and cafés around every corner. During the low season(summer), you can find hotel deals starting at $33 a night.
Sri Lanka
Do you want to spend just $ 25~50 a day Then go to Sri Lanka. Since the South Asian island country is one of the largest tea producers in the world, start with a tea factory tour on a peaceful hike. Taking a train ride through the hills from Kandy to Badulla or from Colombo to Galle is an enjoyable and affordable way to see the countryside.
1.What can you do in Lucayan National Park
A. Visit a huge castle. B. Enjoy the beautiful beach.
C. Swim in Porto Moniz. D. Go on a tea factory tour.
2.What is special about Zona Colonial
A. It requires booking. B. It has historic sites.
C. It is famous for tea. D. It is closed in summer.
3.Which of the following would provide a hotel room at the lowest price
A. Dominica B. The Bahamas. C. Portugal. D. Sri Lanka.
Valentina is 9 years old living in Plano, Texas with her parents. She loves Beatrice, and American Girl doll(洋娃娃)very much. But Valentina left her beloved doll behind by chance during a flight earlier this summer. Rudy and Dominguez, Valentina's parents, tried everything they could to reunite their daughter with her best friend, Beatrice.
"Beatrice means a lot to me. She brings me happiness and she's my best friend," Valentina said. "When she was missing, I felt like my heart was broken."
When finding Beatrice was lost, the Texas family immediately' searched everywhere for the lost doll with brown hair, including their travel bags, without success. They remembered seeing her on the plane so they called the airline(航空公司), and then sent an email to it.
The family also spread the message about the lost doll on the Internet—a message that finally reached pilot James, a first officer for American Airlines who lives not far from Plano.
James said he got the chance to help young Valentina locate(定位)Beatrice, who was last seen on July 20 on a plane in Tokyo, where the family had a stopover(中途停留)on their flight back home from Bali, Indonesia.
James said he got in touch with the Airlines' Lost and Found at Haneda Airport in Tokyo and was able to locate the missing doll after two tries. He then took photos with Beatrice in various airports and on flights as he carried her back home to Valentina in Plano, over 5,800 miles away. One Monday, James drove to the Texas family to return Beatrice to Valentina in person. They were all moved for what James had done.
4.What can we know about Valentina
A. She was sad at losing Beatrice. B. She has brown hair.
C. She loved taking photos with Beatrice. D. She lives in Tokyo.
5.What did the Texas family do first when finding Beatrice lost
A. They sent an email to the airline. B. They got in touch with James.
C. They searched their travel bags. D. They spread the message online.
6.How did Valentina get her doll back
A. She found it at home. B. James sent it back in person.
C. She got it from the waiting room. D. Her parents discovered it on the plane.
7.How did the Texas family feel about James' act
A. Encouraged. B. Confident. C. Calm. D. Thankful.
Sometimes parents wonder if they should really give their children chores(家务活). After all, isn't it the parents' responsibility to manage the household And don't children need an opportunity to "just be children" for now because they have the rest of their lives to worry about chores
Most children have really busy schedules. They rush around from one activity to another with little time to clean the house. Despite those concerns, however, giving your children chores may be one of the most important things you'll ever do.
While giving your children chores can certainly take some of the stress off you, that's not the only reason you should expect your children to do the chores. Studies show chores are good for children. Research from a well-known 75-year Harvard study shows that chores can shape children to be more likely to become happy, healthy and independent adults.
Why are chores like sweeping the floor and clearing the table so important to children's happiness in life One reason is that children feel a sense of achievement when they do their chores. No matter whether they're making their beds or they're sweeping the floor, helping out around the house makes children feel qualified. Doing chores also helps children feel like they're part of the team and learn responsibility. Helping family members is good for them and it encourages them to be good adults.
Children who do chores gain important life skills that will serve them well throughout their lives. Life skills such as meal preparation, mowing the lawn, or doing the laundry will be important after high school, which helps your children live independently.
8.Why does the author raise questions in paragraph 1
A. To express doubts. B. To make a warning.
C. To lead in the topic. D. To provide background information.
9.What helps children grow up healthily according to research from the Harvard study
A. Chores. B. Less homework. C. School activities. D. Learning schedules.
10.What does the underlined word "qualified" mean in paragraph 4
A. Tired. B. Nervous. C. Having no time. D. Having the ability.
11.What does this text focus on
A. Skills to deal with chores. B. Advantages of doing chores.
C. The importance of life skills. D. Ways to balance study and chores.
Spending time outdoors has long been linked(联系)to better health. Gardening goes beyond just beautifying outdoor spaces—it can have a deep effect on our physical and mental(身心上的)health.
Gardening involves physical activity that works all the main muscle(肌肉)groups, which is helpful for overall health. "Activities such as digging, planting, weeding and harvesting require movement and can help to improve strength," said Clayton, CEO of an online lawn care company. "Performing these activities regularly can help burn calories, and keep a healthy weight."
Beyond burning calories and building muscle, lots of studies have shown that gardening can improve the immune system. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)recommends that people get at least 150 minutes of exercise each week, and gardening is listed as a suitable activity. Doing garden work for that time each week can reduce the risk of obesity, high blood pressure and heart disease. Additionally, spending time outdoors makes us get close to natural sunlight, which is important for vitamin D synth.
Gardening provides a chance for social connection, too. It can be a shared activity among family members, friends or neighbors, building relationships and a sense of belonging.
Gardening also offers cognitive(认知的)benefits. It excites the senses, improves focus and encourages problem-solving and creativity. It provides a chance to learn about plants, ecosystems and the environment, developing a deeper understanding and appreciation for nature.
12.What is Clayton's attitude towards gardening
A. Supportive. B. Doubtful. C. Unclear. D. Uncaring.
13.What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about gardening
A. It improves focus. B. It is a waste of time.
C. It can keep a body in shape. D. It helps to reduce the risk of diseases.
14.How does gardening affect social connection according to the text
A. It contributes to creativity. B. It encourages problem-solving.
C. It builds relationships between people. D. It improves people’s awareness of safety.
15.What is the best title for the text
A. How to Start a Garden B. Choose a Garden or Not
C. What Plants Grow Best in a Garden D. Start Gardening and Get the Health Benefits
二、七选五
16.Life can be busy or stressful at times. Usually, we forget how important it is to listen ourselves. ①_______.
Sparing room for good things in your life
Life gets much simpler and more enjoyable when you clear your physical and emotional bad things. And there's so much you can let go of in life without losing a thing. It's called growth. ②_______. You cannot discover new oceans unless you build up enough courage to lose sight of the old.
Putting your purpose and passion(热情)into the things you do
③_______. So learn to believe in your heart that you're meant to live each day full of purpose and passion—that every moment is worthy in its own way. Too often we wait because we think we need to "find" something new or different to be fond of. But that's not true. If you want more passion in your life right now, act accordingly right now. Put your whole heart into the things you do. ④_______, but the chance right in front of you. Not into tomorrow's tasks, but today's tasks. Not into tomorrow's run, but today's run.
⑤_______
All the small things make a big difference. Every step is important. Life isn't about a single moment of great success. It's about the trials and errors(试错)that slowly get you there—the sweat, tears, and all the small things you do on a day-to-day basis. They all matter in the end—every step, every regret and every decision.
A. Choosing to start today
B. Not into tomorrow's chances
C. Remembering that every step matters
D. Letting go of the old makes way for the new
E. So what you need to remember most right now is to share
F. Purpose is the reason you journey and passion is the fire that lights your way
G. Here below are some things in life that you have to keep on doing to change that
三、完形填空(15空)
I grew up around books. I remember opening my parents' 1 book Finnegan's Wake by James Joyce and thinking: They might have never opened the 2 from the sign of the dust, and with so many obscure(晦涩的)words in it, why did they 3 it In spite of this, I could sense the magic of buying it, and I carried that sense of 4 into my life.
In the past, I had hundreds of books in the house. They. 5 my bookshelves, and the books got in the way sometimes. They gathered around the chair where I 6 on to watch TV. They 7 the space on my ottoman(凳子)where my feet were 8 to go. I thought I needed more 9 for my books. Since my work is to write about books, I have some forms of 10 . But there's more to it than that. That is I always had the 11 of holding a book, reading a book, and buying a book.
Though many books I 12 may haven't been read, nothing can stop me from buying them 13 , with many books around me, there will always be an opportunity(机会)for me to pick up a book 14 , and it takes me back to 15 times.
17.A. half-opened B. dust-covered C. children-centered D. picture-filled
18.A. book B. door C. window D. bag
19.A. choose B. revise C. improve D. design
20.A. safety B. direction C. magic D. humor
21.A. protected B. broke C. shook D. lined
22.A. waited B. jumped C. stood D. sat
23.A. kept on B. cleaned up C. took up D. focused on
24.A. addicted B. supposed C. attracted D. locked
25.A. agreement B. ideas C. bookcases D. money
26.A. excuses B. promises C. rules D. answers
27.A. anger B. pleasure C. luck D. patience
28.A. sold B. advised C. borrowed D. collected
29.A. Actually B. Quietly C. Quickly D. Hardly
30.A. in time B. by chance C. on purpose D. at first
31.A. unsuccessful B. sorry C. good D. difficult
四、短文填空
32.Tea comes from China, and Chinese tea culture has a long history. Now, enjoying a nice cup of tea is a habit around the world. Not only is drinking tea a①_________(relax)moment, but tea is an endless drink with so many different types to get, each with②_________(it)own unique flavor(味道). But if you're a tea-time beginner and find yourself just③_________(put)an old tea bag in hot water and steeping(浸泡)④_________(simple)and carelessly, you could be missing out on tons of flavor and the chance to experience the moment of tea-drinking⑤_________(happy). There are a few important⑥_________(thing)that can affect the taste of tea, including the types of tea, the water temperature, and the steeping time. To make a cup of perfect tea, firstly, instead⑦_________tea bags, you'd better prepare loose-leaf tea⑧_________has a strong and lasting flavor. Loose-leaf tea also produces generally⑨_________(little)rubbish than tea bags. Secondly, you should start with fresh water and not let the water get too hot. Remove the water right when it⑩_________(start)boiling for the best flavor. Finally, set a timer and start steeping according to the suggested time on your tea's packaging.
五、书面表达
33.假定你是李华, 本周末你校将组织郊游活动, 请给你的美国朋友 Ashley 写封邮件邀请她参加。内容包括:
1. 活动时间和地点;
2. 活动内容安排;
3. 欢迎 Ashley 参加。
注意: 1. 写作词数应为80个左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Ashley,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
六、读后续写
34.阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I had been going through some difficult times not so long ago dealing with the pressures of growing up and trying to communicate with my parents, particularly my mother. Our relationship had suffered because of this. When I got angry, it seemed like we would end up fighting with each other and not talk about what we were really feeling. Luckily, I have solved those problems now after we had a heart-to-heart "talk".
A while back I ran away from home so that I could be far enough away to cool down. I stayed away for many hours, well into the night, before I finally decided to return home. When I walked through the front door, I immediately saw all the pain, anger and disappointment on my parents' faces, especially my mother's. For days to come, my mom and I experienced a lot of suffering. Everything we did or said was filled with tension until we were unable to control our feelings. We knew we badly needed to have a talk. We agreed to have breakfast together the next morning. That morning will remain fresh in my memory forever. It was a turning point.
We decided to go to a local café. On our way to the table, I noticed that my mother had two notebooks and some pens. I asked her what they were for. She explained to me that sometimes it was easier to write down our feelings rather than try to talk about them. She then handed me one notebook and she kept the other. The rules for that talk were that she would pick a topic, and we would write down our feelings, and then exchange our notebooks. It could be as long or as short as we wanted.
注意: 1. 续写词数应为150个左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Our first topic was: "Why I am so angry.”
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
We exchanged our notebooks and read the words. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1.答案: B
解析:细节理解题。根据Grand Bahama Island, The Bahamas一节“Visiting Lucayan National Park, which is home to both beloved Gold Rock Beach…”可知, 在 Lucayan 国家公园可以欣赏美丽的海滩。
2.答案: B
解析:细节理解题。通读全文, 并根据Dominican Republic一节“In Santo Domingo, walk around Zona Colonial, the historic heart of the country's capital, you'll find castles, cathedrals(教堂), cobblestone streets, and cafés around every corner.”可知, 本文介绍的其他地方都是自然风光为主, 而 Zona Colonial 尤以历史古迹著称。
3.答案: D
解析:细节理解题。对比文中四处旅游景点的酒店价格可知, 在 Sri Lanka可以订购最便宜的客房。
4.答案: A
解析:细节理解题。根据第二段“…Valentina said. ‘When she was missing, I felt like my heart was broken.’”可知, Valentina 丢失洋娃娃后很伤心。
5.答案: C
解析:细节理解题。根据第三段"When finding Beatrice was lost, the Texas family immediately searched everywhere for the lost doll with brown hair, including their travel bags, without success."可知, Valentina一家人得知洋娃娃丢失后, 他们立刻搜查了旅行包。
6.答案: B
解析:细节理解题。根据最后一段“One Monday, James drove to the Texas family to return Beatrice to Valentina in person.”可知, James 亲自把洋娃娃送还给 Valentina。
7.答案: D
解析:细节理解题。根据最后一段"They were all moved for what James had done,"可知, Valentina的家人对James非常感激。
8.答案: C
解析:写作意图题。首段是通过反问的方式来引出话题。
9.答案: A
解析:细节理解题。根据第三段“Research…shows that chores can shape children to be more likely to become happy, healthy and independent adults.”可知, 研究表明, 做家务活有利于孩子们健康成长。
10.答案: D
解析:词义猜测题。根据画线词前“One reason is that children feel a sense of achievement…”可推断, 画线词的意思为Having the ability。
11.答案: B
解析:主旨大意题。通读全文可知, 文章主要讲了做家务活带来的好处。
12.答案: A
解析:观点态度题。根据第二段“‘Activities such as digging, planting, weeding and harvesting require movement and can help to improve strength,’ said Clayton…”可知, Clayton对园艺活动持"支持的"态度。
13.答案: D
解析:段落大意题。根据第三段“…lots of studies have shown that gardening can improve the immune system. Doing garden work. . . can reduce the risk of…disease.”可知, 本段主要讲园艺活动有助于降低患病的风险。
14.答案: C
解析:细节理解题。根据第四段“Gardening provides a chance for social connection, too. It can be…building relationships and a sense of belonging.”可知, 园艺活动对社交的影响是它可以建立人们间的关系。
15.答案: D
解析:标题判断题。通读全文, 尤其是第一段“Gardening goes beyond just beautifying outdoor spaces—it can have a deep effect on our physical and mental(身心上的)health,”可知, 文章主要讲进行园艺活动有利于身心健康。
16.答案:①-⑤GDFBC
解析:
①本空应该选一个总起句, 再根据选项中关键词below可知, G项“要改变这一点, 下面是你在生活中必须坚持做的一些事情”符合。
②根据空后"You cannot discover new oceans unless you build up enough courage to lose sight of the old."及选项中的照应词old和new可知, D项“放下过去, 展望未来”符合。
③根据本段小标题Putting your purpose and passion(热情)into the things you do 及选项中照应词 purpose, passion 可知, F项“怀有梦想是你启程的原因, 而激情是照亮你前行道路的火焰”符合。
④根据空后“but the chance right in front of you”和选项中照应词chances可知, B项“不要等待明天机会的到来”符合。
⑤根据本空下面的内容和提到的关键词every step, matter可知, C项“请记住, 每一步都很重要”适合作本段小标题。
17.答案: B
解析:当打开父母买的已布满灰尘的(dust-covered)书——《芬尼根守灵夜》时, “我”有所思考。
18.答案: A
解析:从书上落满的灰尘来看, 也许他们从来没有打开过这本书(book), 他们为什么要选择(choose)买这么难读的书呢
19.答案: A
解析:见上题解析。
20.答案: C
解析:尽管如此, “我”还是能感觉到买书的魔力, 这种魔力(magic)在“我”的生活中也能得到体现。
21.答案: D
解析:书排列在(lined)“我”的书架上, 有时它们会比较碍事。
22.答案: D
解析:它们被堆放在“我”坐着(sat)看电视的椅子旁。
23.答案: C
解析:它们会占用(took up)“我”习惯放脚的凳子。
24.答案: B
解析:be supposed to意为“应该”。
25.答案: C
解析:“我”想“我”还需要更多的书架(bookcases)呢。
26.答案: A
解析:因为“我”的工作是写书, 所以“我”有理由(excuses)这样做。
27.答案: B
解析:“我”喜欢(pleasure)这种感觉: 拿着一本书, 读一本书或者是买一本书。
28.答案: D
解析:虽然“我”收藏的(collected)很多书可能都没有被读过, 但“我”还是不停地买书。
29.答案: A
解析:事实上(Actually), 当身边有很多书时, 这能让“我”有机会偶然间(by chance)拿起一本书并让自己回想起美好的(good)时光。
30.答案: B
解析:见上题解析。
31.答案: C
解析:事实上(Actually), 当身边有很多书时, 这能让“我”有机会偶然间(by chance)拿起一本书并让自己回想起美好的(good)时光。
32.答案:①relaxing②its③putting④simply⑤happiness⑥things⑦of⑧which/that⑨less⑩starts
解析:
①考查形容词。句意:喝茶不仅是一种令人放松的时刻,而且茶是一种无穷无尽的饮料,有很多不同的类型,每一种都有自己独特的味道。分析句子可知,空处作修饰moment的定语,描述的是事物的特性,因此应用-ing结尾的形容词relaxing,意为“令人放松的”。故填relaxing。
②考查代词。句意:喝茶不仅是一种令人放松的时刻,而且茶是一种无穷无尽的饮料,有很多不同的类型,每一种都有自己独特的味道。分析句子可知,空后是名词短语own unique flavor,因此应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。
③考查非谓语动词。句意:但如果你是一个喝茶的初学者,发现自己只是把一个旧茶包放在热水里,简单而随意地浸泡,你可能会错过大量的味道和体验喝茶快乐的机会。根据“find yourself”可推知,空处应填非谓语动词作宾补,put和“你自己”之间为逻辑主动关系,且表示动作正在发生,因此空处应用put的现在分词形式。故填putting。
④考查副词。句意:但如果你是一个喝茶的初学者,发现自己只是把一个旧茶包放在热水里,简单而随意地浸泡,你可能会错过大量的味道和体验喝茶快乐的机会。分析句子可知,空处和carelessly并列,修饰steeping,因此应用副词simply,意为“简单地”。故填simply。
⑤考查名词。句意:但如果你是一个喝茶的初学者,发现自己只是把一个旧茶包放在热水里,简单而随意地浸泡,你可能会错过大量的味道和体验喝茶快乐的机会。分析句子可知,空处被tea-drinking修饰,作介词of的宾语,因此应用名词happiness,意为“快乐”,为不可数名词。故填happiness。
⑥考查名词的数。句意:有几件重要的事情会影响茶的味道,包括茶的种类、水温和浸泡时间。根据“a few”可知,此处指几件重要的事情,空处应用thing的复数形式。故填things。
⑦考查介词。句意:要做一杯完美的茶,首先,你最好准备散叶茶,而不是茶包,它有浓郁而持久的味道。根据“instead”和“tea bags”可推知,此处用固定短语instead of,意为“而不是”,因此空处应用介词of。故填of。
⑧考查定语从句。句意:要做一杯完美的茶,首先,你最好准备散叶茶,而不是茶包,它有浓郁而持久的味道。分析句子可知,空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词loose-leaf tea,先行词指物,在从句中作主语,因此应用关系代词which或that作引导词。故填which/that。
⑨考查形容词比较级。句意:散叶茶产生的垃圾通常也比茶包少。根据“than tea bags”可知,此处表示比较,因此空处应用little的比较级。故填less。
⑩考查时态和主谓一致。句意:当它开始沸腾时就把水倒掉,以获得最佳的味道。分析句子可知,空处作when引导的时间状语从句的谓语,主句为祈使句,从句应用一般现在时,且主语为it,因此start需用第三人称单数形式。故填starts。
33.答案:
One possible version:
Dear Ashley,
How are you doing Learning that an outing to the National Forest Park will be held in our school, I am writing to invite you to participate.
As scheduled, we’ll meet at the school gate at 6:30 this Saturday morning and then go to the park by bus. In this tour, not only can you enjoy the unique rocks, ancient and precious trees around you, but also you can admire the beautiful scenery on the way. I highly recommend you to participate in this meaningful activity, in which you can enrich your knowledge and make more friends.
I’m looking forward to your arrival.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
解析:1.词汇积累
举办:hold→launch
独特的:unique→ distinctive
参加:participate in→take part in
珍贵的:precious→ valuable
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句:Learning that an outing to the National Forest Park will be held in our school, I am writing to invite you to participate.
拓展句:Because I learn that an outing to the National Forest Park will be held in our school, I am writing to invite you to participate.
【点睛】【高分句型1】In this tour, not only can you enjoy the unique rocks, ancient and precious trees around you, but also you can admire the beautiful scenery on the way. (运用了部分倒装的结构)
【高分句型2】I highly recommend you to participate in this meaningful activity, in which you can enrich your knowledge and make more friends.(运用了介词+关系代词引导的定语从句结构)
34.答案:
One possible version:
Our first topic was: “Why I am so angry.” I wrote a half page, and my mom filled up nearly three pages. I watched tears roll down her face as she wrote. I never realized anyone could hide so much anger. It could have been because I never paid much attention to that, either. Sometimes we think we are the only ones with problems, but I was reminded that morning that other people can be hurting just as much.
We exchanged our notebooks and read the words. As soon as I started reading my mother’s words, I began to cry and so did she. Amazingly enough, it felt like all my anger slowly faded. Our talk helped me realize so many things I had never thought of before, not only about anger but also about love. We knew we loved each other dearly. Since then, our notebooks have been a safe place to express it. Now, we live a healthy life full of peace and love.
解析:1. 续写线索:
由续写第一段首句“我们的第一个话题是:‘为什么我这么生气。’”可知,第一段可以写妈妈和作者二人分别就这个话题写下自己的想法,作者发现了之前从来没有意识到的问题。
由续写第二段首句“我们交换了笔记本,读了话语。”可知,第二段可以写作者和妈妈读对方写的话,他们懂得了对方的愤怒和爱意,从那之后他们把笔记本放在了一个安全的地方,二人的关系恢复如初。
2. 段落续写:分别写作——交换阅读——愤怒消散——双方意识到愤怒和爱——笔记本被放在安全地方——过着平静而有爱的生活
3. 词汇激活
行为类
①意识到:realize/be aware that
②注意:paid attention to/take notice of
③衰弱:fade/die away
情绪类
①愤怒:anger/ rage
②令人惊讶地:amazingly/surprisingly
【点睛】【高分句型1】Sometimes we think we are the only ones with problems, but I was reminded that morning that other people can be hurting just as much.(使用了省略that的宾语从句和that引导的宾语从句、but连接并列句)
【高分句型2】Our talk helped me realize so many things I had never thought of before, not only about anger but also about love. (使用了省略关系词的定语从句、not only…but also…并列结构)