北京市朝阳区2023~2024学年度第一学期期末质量检测
高三英语试卷
2024. 1
(考试时间90分钟满分100分)
本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答, 在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分知识运用(共两节, 30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分, 共15分)
阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Gardening changed how I see myself as a disabled woman. When I started gardening in 2018, I didn’t know anything about plants, let alone how to grow things we can eat. I thought gardening required a lot of ____1____tasks. As I have a genetic (遗传的) condition that causes my bones to ____2____easily, I didn’t believe I could complete them. The thought of taking care of plants in a wheelchair every day made me feel____3____ . But just like how I gradually learnt everything else as a disabled person, I had to ____4____how to garden my way.
That first season, I visited my garden as much as I could. Noticing my interest in gardening, my neighbors in the community____5____offered me advice and support. Under their careful____6____, I managed to pull up the weeds and watered my plants on my own. Finally, I was so proud to eat the tomatoes I grew and even shared some with neighbors. They tasted like summertime.
Gardening has ____7____ how I see other parts of my life. As a disabled woman, I fear being seen as a ____8____ and struggle to ask for the things I need. Gardening helped me normalize the fact that I have needs. I don’t think my plant is a heavy load because it needs more nutrition. I don’t ____9____ it for getting insects and not being able to fight against them. Gardening also helped me expand my social circle and grow close to people in our community.
Over the years, gardening has made me feel more confident in every aspect of my life. I’m planting what I want to grow, and I have gained a lot of _____10_____from that.
1. A. simple B. physical C. pleasant D. urgent
2. A. change B. rest C. break D. move
3. A. anxious B. expectant C. motivated D. bored
4. A. look over B. show off C. bring back D. figure out
5. A. suddenly B. readily C. hesitantly D. casually
6. A. observation B. check C. discussion D. guidance
7. A. impacted B. ruined C. controlled D. recorded
8. A. support B. comfort C. burden D. threat
9. A. appreciate B. fault C. challenge D. forgive
10. A. justice B. access C. weight D. power
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. D 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。这篇文章讲述了作者作为一个残疾女性在园艺方面的经历，她一开始觉得园艺需要许多费力的任务，因为她有遗传疾病导致骨骼易碎，所以她认为自己无法完成这些任务。但是经过自己努力和邻居的帮助，她成功地种植了蔬菜，并且园艺让她改变了对自己的看法，并且帮助她更加自信和拓宽社交圈。
【1题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我认为园艺需要很多体力劳动。A. simple简单的；B. physical身体的；C. pleasant愉快的；D. urgent紧急的。根据“gardening”以及后文的“I didn’t believe I could complete them.”可知，因为作者有着遗传性疾病，作者认为自己不能完成园艺，因为作者认为园艺需要很多体力劳动。故选B。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于我有一种遗传疾病，导致我的骨头容易骨折，我不相信我能完成它们。A. change改变；B. rest休息；C. break破损；D. move移动。根据“As I have a genetic (遗传的) condition”可知，作者有着天生的一种遗传疾病即骨头容易骨折。故选C。
【3题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每天坐在轮椅上照顾植物的想法让我感到焦虑。A. anxious焦虑的；B. expectant期待的；C. motivated有动力的；D. bored无聊的。根据前文“As I have a genetic (遗传的) condition that causes my bones to ____2____ easily, I didn’t believe I could complete them”以及“The thought of taking care of plants in a wheelchair every day”可知，因为作者有先天性的疾病，作者认为自己不能从事园艺工作，因此每天坐在轮椅上去照顾植物的想法让作者感到非常焦虑。故选A。
【4题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：但就像我作为一个残疾人逐渐学会了其他一切一样，我必须弄清楚如何以自己的方式打理花园。A. look over查看；B. show off炫耀；C. bring back带回去；D. figure out弄明白。根据“how to garden my way.”可知，作者必须要弄明白自己如何去打理一个花园。故选D。
【5题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：注意到我对园艺的兴趣，社区里的邻居们很乐意给我提供建议和支持。A. suddenly突然地；B. readily乐意地；C. hesitantly犹豫地；D. casually随便地。根据“ Under their careful____6___ , I managed to pull up the weeds and watered my plants on my own.”可知，作者社区中的邻居们很乐意地给作者提供建议和支持。故选B。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他们的悉心指导下，我自己拔掉了杂草，给植物浇水。A. observation观察；B. check检查；C. discussion讨论；D. guidance指导。根据“my neighbors in the community ____5____ offered me advice and support.”可知邻居乐意帮助作者，作者应是在邻居们的悉心指导下照顾花园。故选D。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：园艺影响了我对生活其他部分的看法。A. impacted影响；B. ruined毁坏；C. controlled控制；D. recorded记录。根据“As a disabled woman, I fear being seen as a ____8____ and struggle to ask for the things I need. Gardening helped me normalize the fact that I have needs.”可知，作者之前认为作为一名残疾女性，自己害怕被视为一种负担，并努力要求自己需要的东西。园艺帮助作者使我有需求这个事实正常化，由此可知园艺影响了作者对生活其他部分的看法。故选A。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一名残疾女性，我害怕被视为一种负担，并努力要求我需要的东西。园艺帮助我使我有需求这个事实正常化。A. support支持；B. comfort安慰；C. burden负担；D. threat威胁。根据“struggle to ask for the things I need”可知，作为一名残疾女性，作者害怕被视为一种负担，所以努力要求自己需要的东西。故选C。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不会因为它吸引昆虫并无法与它们作斗争而责怪它。A. appreciate欣赏；B. fault挑刺，指责；C. challenge挑战；D. forgive原谅。根据“for getting insects and not being able to fight against them.”可知，作者不会因为花园中有昆虫而挑剔花园的不当之处（不对之处）。故选B。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在种我想种的东西，我从中获得了很多力量。A. justice公正；B. access获取；C. weight重量；D. power权力。根据“gardening has made me feel more confident in every aspect of my life.”可知，园艺使作者对生活的各个方面都更有信心，因此作者获得了很多力量。故选D。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分, 共15分)
阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
语法填空
I was born with a pronounced facial problem. Because of that, I have undergone many cruel comments. One day, while ____11____ (shop), I was approached by a woman I didn’t know. Standing still, I was ready for a rude remark. But the lady smiled and said, “This gift card is for you, beautiful girl, so you can buy something special for____12____ (you). ” I am so thankful to that woman for reminding me beauty____13____ (come) in all forms.
【答案】11. shopping
12. yourself
es
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个人因为面部畸形而遭受残酷言论的经历。主人公本以为陌生女人会嘲笑他，但出乎意料的是那位女士并没有嘲笑他而是赠送了礼品卡给他并告诉他美丽存在于各种形式中。
【11题详解】
考查状语从句的省略。句意：一天，我在购物的时候，一个我不认识的女人走过来。分析句子，句中构成状语从句的省略结构，还原后为：while I was shopping,省略了 I was。故填shopping。
【12题详解】
考查代词。句意：这张礼品卡是给你的，漂亮的姑娘，这样你就可以给自己买些特别的东西了。分析句子，此处主语为you，表示“为自己”故使用you的反身代词yourself作宾语。故填yourself。
【13题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：我非常感谢那位女士，她提醒我美丽是多种多样的。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，根据前文的am可知，句子表述客观事实故使用一般现在时。句子的主语beauty为第三人称单数。故填comes。
B
语法填空
China has a large number of global cultural heritage(遗产) sites ____14____ (recognize) by UNESCO. Over the past decades, great efforts____15____ (make) by the country to preserve them. These cultural heritage sites enrich our daily lives in countless ways, ____16____we experience them directly or through the medium of a connected device. We believe that China____17____ (apply) modern technologies to the restoration and preservation of more cultural heritage sites in the years to come.
【答案】14 recognized
15. have been made
16. whether
17. will apply
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是中国有许多被联合国教科文组织认可的全球文化遗产，中国过去几十年为保护这些遗产做出了巨大努力。
【14题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：中国有大量被联合国教科文组织认定的世界文化遗产。分析句子，句中has为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，此处heritage sites与recognize之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词作定语，表示被动关系。故填recognized。
【15题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意：在过去的几十年里，国家做出了巨大的努力来保护它们。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句中over the past decades为现在完成时时间标志，此处efforts与make之间是被动关系，故使用现在完成时的被动语态。故填have been made。
【16题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：这些文化遗产以无数的方式丰富了我们的日常生活，无论是我们直接体验它们还是通过连接设备的媒介。分析句子，句中引导状语从句，句中whether…or…为固定句型，意为“无论是……还是……”。故填whether。
【17题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：我们相信，在未来的岁月里，中国将运用现代技术修复和保护更多的文化遗产。分析句子，设空处使用动词作that引导宾语从句的谓语，句中in the years to come表示动作发生在将来，故使用一般将来时。故填will apply。
C
语法填空
Psychological processes and mental wellbeing are vital to consistently high degrees of sporting performance for athletes at all levels. Sports psychology is the study of ____18____ psychological factors influence athletic performance. Although it is a ____19____ (relative) new discipline, sports psychology is now widely accepted as offering an important advantage ____20____opponents. To provide athletes with the mental support they need, a sports psychologist needs to consider their feelings, behavior and lives beyond.
【答案】18. how
19. relatively
20. over
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了体育心理学与运动表现之间的关系。
【18题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：运动心理学是研究心理因素如何影响运动成绩的学科。分析句子，设空处引导的是宾语从句，引导词在从句中作状语，意为“如何”用how。故填how。
【19题详解】
考查副词。句意：尽管这是一门相对较新的学科，但运动心理学现在已被广泛接受，因为它提供了战胜对手的重要优势。分析句子，设空处使用relative的副词relatively作状语，修饰形容词new，意为“相对地”。故填relatively。
【20题详解】
考查介词。句意：同上。句中an advantage over…为固定短语，意为“胜过……；优于……”故填over。
第二部分阅读理解(共两节, 38 分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分, 共28分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
World Learning (WL) Youth Programs bring international high school age youth to the US for short-term leadership programs and exchanges to develop their meaningful and memorable learning experiences. We have more than 1, 000 youth participants on over 20 programs each year.
WL Youth Programs seek leaders who are responsible for working with young people and leading high school exchange programs. Leaders deliver educational content and are knowledgeable in the design and delivery of active workshops. Leaders also represent WL in US domestic host communities, and at times overseas, and manage partner relationships with integrity and professionalism.
Qualifications for the Applicants
You are flexible, energetic, and pro-active team players.
You enjoy spending time with high school students.
You are willing to put the participants’ learning and development ahead of your own experience.
You are ready for an intense, challenging, and rewarding programming experience.
You have a high level of social and emotional intelligence.
You demonstrate cross-cultural sensitivity and skills in communication.
You bring a wide variety of backgrounds and social identities.
You are an educator.
Apply to become a WL Youth Program Leader
If interested, you can contact groupleaders@worldlearning.org for questions about our 2024 application process.
21. What is the aim of WL Youth Programs
A. To develop the leadership of high school students.
B. To offer young people an opportunity to work in US.
C. To train participants to be WL Youth Programs leaders.
D. To seek individuals to contribute to WL Youth Programs.
22. If selected as a WL Youth Programs leader, one will
A. host community events representing WL
B. be devoted to the field of youth development
C. help participants learn knowledge about designing workshops
D. manage WL Youth Programs with integrity and professionalism
23. According to the passage, applicants are required to
A. have overseas work experience
B. value the development of participants
C. major in cross-cultural communication
D. tell the participants’ different social identities
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了WL青年项目，该项目旨在为国际高中生提供短期领导力项目和交流机会。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“World Learning (WL) Youth Programs bring international high school age youth to the US for short-term leadership programs and exchanges to develop their meaningful and memorable learning experiences. (世界学习(WL)青年计划将国际高中年龄的青少年带到美国进行短期领导力项目和交流，以发展他们有意义和难忘的学习经历。)”可知，WL青年项目的目标是为国际高中生提供短期领导力项目和交流机会。因此，WL青年项目的目标是发展高中学生的领导力。故选A。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Leaders deliver educational content and are knowledgeable in the design and delivery of active workshops. Leaders also represent WL in US domestic host communities, and at times overseas, and manage partner relationships with integrity and professionalism.( WL青年项目寻找负责与年轻人一起工作和领导高中交换项目的领导者。领导者提供教育内容，并且在设计和交付活跃的研讨会方面知识渊博。领袖们还代表WL在美国国内的接待社区，有时在海外，以诚信和专业的态度管理合作伙伴关系。)”可知，作为一个WL青年项目的领导者，他们代表WL在美国国内的东道国社区以及海外，以诚信和专业的方式管理合作伙伴关系即如果被选为WL青年项目负责人，将有一人致力于青年发展领域。故选B。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三部分中“Qualifications for the Applicants——You are willing to put the participants’ learning and development ahead of your own experience.( 申请者的条件——你愿意把参与者的学习和发展放在你自己的经历之前。)”可知，申请人要愿意把参与者的学习和发展放在自己的经验之前即申请人必须重视自己的发展。故选B。
B
Working at a bank in New York City in the mid-2010s, Anna Sacks was living the life-just not the life she wanted. Sure, she was happy. But she wanted to do something that felt important.
Some people seeking meaning might read a self-help book or perhaps volunteer a few hours a week. Sacks packed up her life and moved to Connecticut to participate in Adamah, a farming program that focuses on sustainable living and growing sustainable food. When she returned to New York, her life was with a new purpose and a variety of new skills to make her dreams a reality.
“One of the things that really stuck with me from Adamah was how little waste they produced and how they handled the waste they did have, primarily through composting (堆肥), ” she says. “And I just thought, ‘Why aren’t we doing that here ”“ The Adamah program opened Sacks’ eyes to the damage consumer culture is doing on a local, national, and global level, and the need to find solutions. So in 2017, she began what she calls “trash walking”.
During tours around her community, Sacks picks through garbage to look for reusable items. Soon, her “trash walking” expanded to include corporate trash along with residential trash. Surprisingly, she discovered a wide range of really great stuff-like clothing, decorations, and food-all of which she documents on TikTok.
Under the name The Trash Walker, Sacks quickly gained popularity for her videos that highlight the problems with consumerism. “The root issue is overproduction, which leads to overconsumption, which leads to a large amount of waste,” she says.
The fact is, companies often choose to trash items rather than give them away to people who might need them. A big reason for this waste is the way our current tax laws are structured, Sacks says. Sellers who destroy goods can claim the cost as a loss on their taxes and be refunded. If they give away goods, they can claim only a small amount as a charitable reduction on their taxes.
Sacks’ main focus is simply getting people to pay attention to how many unnecessary things they buy and then throw away. “Once you become aware of the way you consume, you can see ways you improve,” she says.
24. Anna Sacks packed up her life and left New York to________.
A. lead a healthy lifestyle
B. observe how to grow food
C. pursue a meaningful life
D. volunteer to work in a bank
25. What impressed Anna Sacks most about the Adamah program
A. The importance of trash walking.
B. The sustainable food people produced.
C. The hard truth about consumer culture.
D. The way people there dealt with the waste.
26. What makes companies prefer to throw out goods as trash
A. The tax reduction.
B The quality of goods.
C. The tax refund.
D. The overproduction.
27. What can we learn from Anna Sacks’ story
A Consumer culture accounts for wasting.
B. Corporate trash outweighs residential trash.
C. Trash walking is the key to becoming wealthy.
D. Turning to farming leads to sustainable living.
【答案】24. C 25. D 26. C 27. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了Anna Sacks的个人生活故事。她曾在纽约一家银行工作，虽然生活幸福但感觉缺乏重要性。她参加了农业项目Adamah，学习可持续生活和种植可持续食物，这改变了她的生活目标和技能，同时她开始关注消费文化带来的损害，并通过拣选垃圾来展示这个问题。她希望引起人们对于过度购买和浪费的关注，从而引发改变。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Working at a bank in New York City in the mid-2010s, Anna Sacks was living the life-just not the life she wanted. Sure, she was happy. But she wanted to do something that felt important.( 2010年代中期 ，Anna Sacks在纽约市的一家银行工作，她过的生活不是她想要的生活。当然，她很高兴。但她想做点有意义的事。)”根据第二段“Sacks packed up her life and moved to Connecticut to participate in Adamah, a farming program that focuses on sustainable living and growing sustainable food.”（萨克斯结束了她的生活，搬到了康涅狄格州，参加了一个专注于可持续生活和种植可持续食物的农业项目Adamah。）可知，Anna Sacks离开纽约、参加Adamah农业项目是因为她想过有意义的生活。故选C。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中““One of the things that really stuck with me from Adamah was how little waste they produced and how they handled the waste they did have, primarily through composting (堆肥), ” she says.( 她说：“Adamah让我印象深刻的是，他们产生的废物很少，而且他们是如何处理废物的，主要是通过堆肥。”)”可知，那里的人们处理废物的方式给Anna Sacks留下了最深的印象。故选D。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The fact is, companies often choose to trash items rather than give them away to people who might need them. A big reason for this waste is the way our current tax laws are structured, Sacks says.(事实是，公司经常选择丢弃物品而不是把它们送给可能需要它们的人。Sacks说，造成这种浪费的一个重要原因是我们现行税法的结构方式。)”以及“Sellers who destroy goods can claim the cost as a loss on their taxes and be refunded.(损坏货物的卖家可以将损失作为税收损失，并获得退款。)”可知，公司选择将商品当做垃圾丢弃而不是赠送给有需要的人，其中一个主要原因是当前税法结构。销售者可以将销毁商品的成本作为税务减免，并获得退款。故选C。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Sacks’ main focus is simply getting people to pay attention to how many unnecessary things they buy and then throw away. “Once you become aware of the way you consume, you can see ways you improve,” she says.( Sacks的主要重点是让人们注意到他们买了多少不必要的东西，然后扔掉了。她说：“一旦你意识到自己的消费方式，你就能看到自己改善的方法。”)”以及通读全文可知，Anna Sacks的故事告诉我们，消费文化导致了过度生产、过度消费和大量的浪费。A选项“Consumer culture accounts for wasting.(消费文化造成了浪费。)”符合题意。故选A。
C
We often think of fingerprints as the tiny arched patterns on the tip of each finger. They are regarded as special markers of human identity, even more individualized than DNA. But new research suggests our brains have “fingerprints” that are equally unchanging and unique to each person.
With modern neuroimaging (神经影像) techniques, scientists can track your brain’s distinct signature composed of tens of thousands of electrical signals that communicate across the brain. The final product is a picture of brain’s electrical activity that is detailed, distinct and difficult to change. According to Zack Y. Shan, head of the neuroimaging platform at the Thompson Institute, “The brain is a symphony orchestra (交响乐团).” Each region plays a unique instrument and adapts to work with nearby tunes at the same time. This cooperation leads to our thoughts and actions. “And no two symphonies sound exactly alike,” Shan adds.
A recent study published in Sleep maps the extent of this neurodiversity through EEG snapshots (脑电图快照) which describe the sleeping brain’s electrical activity as wavy lines. Led by Michael Prerau, a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School, the researchers analyzed brainwave data of sleep spindles, one to two seconds evident neural activity associated with our ability to turn short-term memories into long-term memories.
For Dara S. Manoach, a co-author of the Sleep study and professor of psychology at Harvard Medical School, the sleeping brain is a “new frontier” for studying the treatment of memory problems in neurological disorders. She notes that lack of sleep spindle activities has been linked to different mental diseases like epilepsy and Alzheimer’s disease. So, the researchers compared two nights of sleep recordings from healthy participants to those with Alzheimer’s disease. Their analysis revealed that their broadened approach to analyzing sleep spindles also could unearth new biological indicators for Alzheimer’s disease. “It’s a first step to better understanding how the disorder operates and developing targeted treatments,” Manoach says.
Moreover, brain fingerprints may offer inspirations that traditional therapeutic (治疗性的) observation can’t. Patients with different diseases can have similar symptoms. “That’s where neuroimaging comes into play. Brain fingerprints are windows into distinguishing between two patients who seem identical,” explains Dan Hermens, a professor of neurobiology at the Thompson Institute.
In the wake of increasing reports of mental disorders, there is therapeutic promise. Brain fingerprinting could offer a potential way out of the dark chapter and provide new possibilities for the mental health crisis using best evidence-based practices to overcome it.
28. What can we learn about the brain’s “fingerprint”
A. It can track electrical signals in the brain.
B. It refers to the pattern of the surface of the brain.
C. It constructs an individualized map of brain structure.
D. It shows the unique image of the brain’s electrical activity.
29. According to the passage, the sleeping brain is a “new frontier” because________.
A. recording brain fingerprints enhances memory
B. brainwave data can identify specific mental illnesses
C. EEG can form biological indicators for human identity
D. neuroimaging prevents the development of mental disorders
30. Which would be the best title for the passage
A. Sleep Fingerprints Predict Disease Occurrence
B. Sleeping Brains: Ideas and Actions Controlled
C. Sleep Fingerprints: Brain Identity Revealed
D. Sleeping Brains Uncover Memory Codes
【答案】28. D 29. B 30. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。我们通常认为指纹被认为人类身份的特殊标记，甚至比DNA更加个性化。但是新的研究表明，我们的大脑具有同样不变的“指纹”，并且每个人都是独一无二的。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“With modern neuroimaging (神经影像) techniques, scientists can track your brain’s distinct signature composed of tens of thousands of electrical signals that communicate across the brain. The final product is a picture of brain’s electrical activity that is detailed, distinct and difficult to change.(借助现代神经影像技术，科学家可以追踪大脑的独特特征，该特征由数万个在大脑中通信的电信号组成。最终的产品是一张详细、清晰且难以改变的大脑电活动图)”可知，大脑的“指纹”显示了大脑电活动的独特图像。故选D。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“For Dara S. Manoach, a co-author of the Sleep study and professor of psychology at Harvard Medical School, the sleeping brain is a “new frontier” for studying the treatment of memory problems in neurological disorders. She notes that lack of sleep spindle activities has been linked to different mental diseases like epilepsy and Alzheimer’s disease. So, the researchers compared two nights of sleep recordings from healthy participants to those with Alzheimer’s disease. Their analysis revealed that their broadened approach to analyzing sleep spindles also could unearth new biological indicators for Alzheimer’s disease.(睡眠研究的合著者、哈佛医学院心理学教授达拉·S·马诺奇 (Dara S. Manoach) 认为，睡眠中的大脑是研究神经系统疾病记忆问题治疗的“新领域”。她指出，缺乏睡眠纺锤波活动与癫痫和阿尔茨海默病等不同的精神疾病有关。因此，研究人员比较了健康参与者和患有阿尔茨海默病的参与者两晚的睡眠记录。他们的分析表明，他们分析睡眠纺锤波的扩展方法还可以发现阿尔茨海默病的新生物指标。)”可知，缺乏睡眠纺锤波活动与癫痫和阿尔茨海默病等不同的精神疾病有关，且分析睡眠纺锤波的扩展方法还可以发现阿尔茨海默病的新生物指标，由此可推知，文章说睡眠大脑是一个“新领域”，这是因为脑电波数据可以识别特定的精神疾病，故选B。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“But new research suggests our brains have “fingerprints” that are equally unchanging and unique to each person.(但是新的研究表明，我们的大脑拥有“指纹”，这些指纹对于每个人来说都是一样不变和独一无二的)”和第二段中“With modern neuroimaging (神经影像) techniques, scientists can track your brain’s distinct signature composed of tens of thousands of electrical signals that communicate across the brain. The final product is a picture of brain’s electrical activity that is detailed, distinct and difficult to change.(利用现代神经影像技术，科学家可以追踪你大脑的独特信号，这些信号由成千上万的电子信号组成，在大脑中传递。最终的产品是一幅大脑电活动的图片，这是详细的，独特的，难以改变)”可知，我们通常认为指纹被认为人类身份的特殊标记，甚至比DNA更加个性化。但是新的研究表明，我们的大脑具有同样不变的“指纹”，并且每个人都是独一无二的。文章主要介绍了睡眠指纹可以揭示大脑身份，C项“睡眠指纹：揭示大脑身份”适合作文章标题，故选C。
D
The Age of Information is mushrooming, perhaps even bulging. If you tried to download all the data available today, you’d need more than 180 million years to do so. But you are wrong to assume that all this information would stimulate a boost of innovation to match the output of data. Indeed, the last time we found ourselves in a period of significant innovation, pursuing the ideas with the biggest spark, was more than 120 years ago, in a period called the Age of Insight.
Innovations, both big and small, start with a new idea. Often, these ideas occur as a moment of insight-the result of a novel connection in our brains made between existing and new information. Studies show insights involve quiet signals deep in the brain, just under the surface of awareness. Anything that helps us notice quiet signals, such as taking breaks between meetings, only adopting necessary learning approaches or avoiding distractions like social media, can increase the chance of insights. However, it’s becoming more challenging to find those quiet signals with the increasing use of technology, filling every moment with emergencies and an endless supply of content.
Besides, we also want to increase the quality of them-to be able to sort through big new ideas and find the ones that have real value, which can be hard to measure. Launched in 2015, the Eureka Scale(尤里卡量表) allows us to assess the strength of our insight experiences on a five-point scale, which is marked by intense emotions, motivation, memory advantage, aftershocks, and following ideas. The Scale combines these five variables into a single value and allows us to define the importance of a new idea. The level-5 insight, involving the richest emotion, motivation, and lasting impact, holds the greatest significance.
Because insights are one of the best ways to drive engagement, innovation, and behavior change, the Eureka Scale has broad applications for measuring and improving individual and organizational performance. More importantly, it can be used to measure the impact of different kinds of work environments and learning approaches on participants’ growth-both in the moment or afterward.
In order for organizations to benefit from another age of insight, it’s not enough to try to access more data or increase the number of insights we generate. Instead, it’s about making space for the biggest ideas to emerge from all the information. Using the shared language of the Eureka Scale as a way to measure how important ideas are, relative to each other, will enable better decision-making toward practical and competitive outcomes. And if we’re to enter a new age of insight, we must design our environments to allow for the best insight possible to surface.
31. What does the underlined word “bulging” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A. Stabilizing.
B. Exploding.
C. Shifting.
D. Collapsing.
32. According to the passage, how can the possibility of insights be increased
A. By engaging in ongoing social media interactions.
B. By relying on technology to receive regular notices.
C. By stepping away from computers between meetings.
D. By participating in additional training and coaching sessions.
33. What can be inferred from the passage
A. The Eureka Scale controls the influence of our insights.
B. Possessing minimal emotional responses is a level-5 insight.
C. Both the quantity and quality of insights are essential to innovation.
D. A breakthrough has been made in innovation due to a wealth of information.
34. What is the author’s attitude towards the current environment for innovations
A. Uncertain.
B. Optimistic.
C. Unconcerned.
D. Dissatisfied.
【答案】31. B 32. C 33. C 34. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。这篇文章主要讲述了信息时代的到来以及洞察力对创新的重要性。信息的数量不断增加，但并不一定能刺激创新的提升。洞察力是创新的基础，通过Eureka量表可以评估洞察力的强度和重要性。为了进入新的洞察力时代，需要找到那些重要想法的空间，以使它们能够浮出水面。
【31题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词前面的句子“The Age of Information is mushrooming,(信息时代如雨后春笋般出现，)”以及“even(甚至)”可知，后文与前文构成递进关系，即信息时代如雨后春笋般生长，甚至可能膨胀。B选项“Exploding.(爆发)”与划线词为同义词。故选B。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Studies show insights involve quiet signals deep in the brain, just under the surface of awareness. Anything that helps us notice quiet signals, such as taking breaks between meetings, only adopting necessary learning approaches or avoiding distractions like social media, can increase the chance of insights. (研究表明，洞察力涉及大脑深处的安静信号，就在意识的表面之下。任何有助于我们注意到安静信号的方法，比如在会议间隙休息，只采用必要的学习方法，或者避免社交媒体等干扰，都可以增加洞察的机会。)”可知，静默的信号是产生洞察力的一种方式，因此需要避免一些干扰，比如社交媒体，并且需要适当的间隔来让大脑有机会产生新的想法，即在会议间隙远离电脑可以增加获得洞察力的可能性。故选C。
33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Innovations, both big and small, start with a new idea. Often, these ideas occur as a moment of insight-the result of a novel connection in our brains made between existing and new information.(创新，无论大小，都始于一个新的想法。通常，这些想法都是在灵光一现的瞬间产生的——这是我们大脑中在现有信息和新信息之间建立的一种新联系的结果。)”以及第三段中“Besides, we also want to increase the quality of them-to be able to sort through big new ideas and find the ones that have real value, which can be hard to measure.( 此外，我们还希望提高它们（洞察力）的质量——能够对重大的新想法进行分类，并找到那些具有难以衡量的真正价值的想法。)”以及“Launched in 2015, the Eureka Scale(尤里卡量表) allows us to assess the strength of our insight experiences on a five-point scale(2015年推出的“尤里卡量表”(Eureka Scale)允许我们用五分制来评估我们的洞察力体验的强度)”可知，对于创新不论大小，都需要很多灵光一现的瞬间产生的想法（洞察力）；同时也需要提高洞察力的质量，从而才能对重大想法进行分类，确定出有真正价值的想法，尤里卡量表以对洞察力的强度进行评估进行确定。因此洞察的数量和质量对创新都至关重要。故选C。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“In order for organizations to benefit from another age of insight, it’s not enough to try to access more data or increase the number of insights we generate. Instead, it’s about making space for the biggest ideas to emerge from all the information. (为了让组织从另一个洞察时代中受益，仅仅尝试访问更多数据或增加我们产生的洞察数量是不够的。相反，它是为从所有信息中脱颖而出的最伟大的想法腾出空间。)”以及第二段中“However, it’s becoming more challenging to find those quiet signals with the increasing use of technology, filling every moment with emergencies and an endless supply of content.(然而，随着科技的日益普及，找到这些安静的信号变得越来越有挑战性，因为每时每刻都充斥着紧急情况和无穷无尽的内容。)”以及最后一段中“And if we’re to enter a new age of insight, we must design our environments to allow for the best insight possible to surface.(如果我们要进入一个洞察的新时代，我们必须设计我们的环境，以允许最好的洞察浮出水面。)”可知，对于创新，仅仅尝试访问更多数据或增加我们产生的洞察数量是不够的，而是应该为从所有信息中脱颖而出的最伟大的想法腾出空间，可是当下随着科技的日益普及，找到这些安静的信号变得越来越有挑战性，故作者对于当下的创新环境是感到不满意的，因此作者呼吁我们必须设计我们的环境，以允许最好的洞察浮出水面。故选D。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分, 共10分)
根据短文内容, 从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When you go to concerts, you expect your favorite musician to perform amazingly on stage. But you may have noticed something curious that most musicians don’t just play with their fingers. They also involve body movements that fit the song’s beat or dance following the music. ____35____ The facial expressions musicians show when playing may seem strange or crazy to an outsider, but all that pulling faces might actually serve a purpose.
Firstly, playing a musical instrument usually requires intense focus and concentration. ____36____ Their facial expressions can be a demonstration of the intense emotions and physical effort that go hand-in-hand with musical performance. They’re often subconscious-in fact, many of us will pull strange faces when we’re deeply involved in an activity we care about.
____37____Musicians have a strong emotional connection with the music they perform. They often use their facial expressions to express the mood and interpretation of the music, which creates a more engaging musical experience. While facial expressions may not directly make someone a better musician, they might contribute to the overall artistry of the music.
Performing live music is a rather stressful experience, so it could be that the performer is expressing those nerves through their face-biting the bottom lip, for example. Luckily, nerves will often go away soon after a musician starts performing. ____38____
The facial expressions obviously to some extent express the performer’s inner world. Another interesting thing is that making facial expressions can have a physiological impact on the musician’s performance. Some research suggests that certain facial movements can activate specific muscles and improve muscle harmonization. ____39____However, it’s important to note that this relationship is still not well understood, and the extent to which facial expressions directly impact musical competence is a subject of ongoing investigation.
A. When you’re really focused, you don’t care about the outside world.
B. Among them the part of the body that best exhibits this is obviously the face.
C. They likely won’t be the main cause for those strange faces throughout a performance.
D. Such effects are particularly helpful in controlling muscles when playing an instrument.
E. Facial expressions can also help musicians communicate emotions and artistic expression.
F. Musicians are often overcome with emotion from the music itself or the reaction of the crowd.
G. Musicians often enter a state of “flow”, where they become completely absorbed in the music they’re creating.
【答案】35. B 36. G 37. E 38. C 39. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。音乐家演奏时不只是用手指演奏还会有身体动作，其中一个身体动作就是面部表情。文章主要介绍了音乐家演奏时使用面部表情给他们带来的好处。
【35题详解】
上文“But you may have noticed something curious that most musicians don’t just play with their fingers. They also involve body movements that fit the song’s beat or dance following the music. (但您可能已经注意到一些奇怪的事情，大多数音乐家不只是用手指演奏。还包括适应歌曲节奏或舞蹈音乐的身体动作。)”可知，音乐家不仅用手指演奏，还会用身体动作，下文“The facial expressions musicians show when playing may seem strange or crazy to an outsider, but all that pulling faces might actually serve a purpose.(音乐家在演奏时表现出的面部表情对于局外人来说可能看起来很奇怪或疯狂，但所有这些表情实际上可能都是有目的的。)”指出了音乐家在演奏时的面部表情是什么样的，由此可知，空处应指出音乐家的身体动作之一就是面部表情，B项“其中最能体现这一点的身体部位显然就是脸部。”承上启下，them代指上文“body movements”，故选B。
【36题详解】
上文“Firstly, playing a musical instrument usually requires intense focus and concentration.(首先，演奏乐器通常需要高度集中注意力)”指出演奏乐器通常需要高度集中注意力，所以音乐家会在演奏时完全沉浸于表演中，G项“音乐家经常进入一种“心流”状态，他们完全沉浸在他们正在创作的音乐中。”承接上文，故选G。
【37题详解】
上文“Their facial expressions can be a demonstration of the intense emotions and physical effort that go hand-in-hand with musical performance.(他们的面部表情可以表现出与音乐表演密切相关的强烈情感和体力。)”指出面部表情的好处之一是可以表现出与音乐表演密切相关的强烈情感和体力，下文“Musicians have a strong emotional connection with the music they perform. They often use their facial expressions to express the mood and interpretation of the music, which creates a more engaging musical experience. (音乐家与他们演奏的音乐有着强烈的情感联系。他们经常用面部表情来表达音乐的情绪和诠释，从而创造出更具吸引力的音乐体验。)”指出音乐家用面部表情来表达音乐的情绪，E项“面部表情还可以帮助音乐家交流情感和艺术表达。”介绍了面部表情的其他好处，故选E。
【38题详解】
上文“Performing live music is a rather stressful experience, so it could be that the performer is expressing those nerves through their face-biting the bottom lip, for example. Luckily, nerves will often go away soon after a musician starts performing.(表演现场音乐是一种相当紧张的体验，因此表演者可能会通过咬下嘴唇等方式来表达这些紧张情绪。幸运的是，音乐家开始表演后，紧张往往很快就会消失)”指出表演者可能会通过咬下嘴唇等方式来表达紧张情绪，但是音乐家在表演的时候不会出现紧张情绪，所以紧张情绪不是音乐家出现这些奇怪面部表情的原因，C项“它们可能不会成为整个表演过程中出现这些奇怪面孔的主要原因。”承接上文，they代指上文的nerves，故选C。
【39题详解】
上文“Another interesting thing is that making facial expressions can have a physiological impact on the musician’s performance. Some research suggests that certain facial movements can activate specific muscles and improve muscle harmonization.(另一件有趣的事情是，面部表情会对音乐家的表演产生生理影响。一些研究表明，某些面部动作可以激活特定的肌肉并改善肌肉的协调性)”指出面部表情会对音乐家的表演产生生理影响——可以激活特定的肌肉并改善肌肉的协调性，空处承接上文，指出这种生理影响对音乐家表演时所带来的好处，D项“这种效果对于演奏乐器时控制肌肉特别有帮助。”符合语境，Such effects呼应上文的activate specific muscles and improve muscle harmonization，故选D。
第三部分书面表达(共两节, 32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分, 第42题3分, 第43题5分, 共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Jokes and humor are often considered unimportant. This is understandable: they are, by definition, not serious. Yet jokes and humor are beneficial for health through their stress-relieving properties. For example, they can stimulate blood circulation and aid muscle relaxation, both of which can help reduce stress.
But why do we respond, in powerful and rewarding ways, to things that are objectively meaningless Scientists have spent years studying how humor works in the brain and on the various types of jokes that produce it.
Puns, the most familiar type of jokes, are where specific elements of language convey different meanings at once. For example, “Why did the golfer wear two pairs of trousers In case he got a hole in one.” “Here” hole in one has two possible interpretations: one pair is damaged or someone’s ball goes into the hole the first time he hit it. We may not actually laugh at them, but their simplicity and familiarity make most people recognize the humor in puns. Therefore, the brain’s humor processes are still engaged.
How does humor arise from the brain Our brains have developed a system to recognize when things don’t match expectations. If normality is overturned, it means we don’t know what’s going to happen, which creates tension. However, the system that recognizes incongruity (不一致) also resolves it, by providing an explanation, or at least a confirmation that the incongruity has no negative consequences. This removes the uncertainty, easing the tension. After that, we learn something new and expand our mental model, experiencing a rewarding feeling.
Basically, thanks to these complex systems in our brains, humor comes from something being surprising, unexpected or wrong in some way, as long as the incongruity is resolved without negative consequences. If the incongruity is not resolved, humor is absent. If the answer to “Why did the golfer wear two pairs of trousers ” is “in case the metal eagle that lives in his gold bag attacks him”, that’s not funny. This would explain why unreal humor is often hard to get right.
40. What is the benefit of jokes and humor
___________________________________________________________________________________________
41. Why can people recognize the humor in puns
___________________________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
>People can work out humor from something being surprising, unexpected or wrong in some way, as long as the incongruity remains unsolved.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
43. Apart from the benefit mentioned in the passage, what other benefit(s)can you get from humor (In about 40 words)
___________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. Jokes and humor are beneficial for health through their stress-relieving properties.
41. Because of puns’ simplicity and familiarity.
42. People can work out humor from something being surprising, unexpected or wrong in some way, as long as the incongruity remains unsolved.
43. Having a good sense of humor can improve my communication skills. It can help me express myself more effectively and connect with others. Besides, using humor requires me to take sudden shifts in perspective or thinking patterns, which helps boost my creativity.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了笑话和幽默对健康有益处，能缓解压力。同时，文章还解释了幽默是如何在大脑中产生的。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段中“Yet jokes and humor are beneficial for health through their stress-relieving properties.( 然而，笑话和幽默通过它们缓解压力的特性对健康有益)”可知，笑话和幽默通过它们缓解压力的特性对健康有益。故答案为Jokes and humor are beneficial for health through their stress-relieving properties.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段中“We may not actually laugh at them, but their simplicity and familiarity make most people recognize the humor in puns. (我们可能不会真的嘲笑它们，但它们的简单和熟悉使大多数人认识到双关语中的幽默)”可知，人们能认出双关语中的幽默是因为双关语的简单和熟悉。故答案为Because of puns’ simplicity and familiarity.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“Basically, thanks to these complex systems in our brains, humor comes from something being surprising, unexpected or wrong in some way, as long as the incongruity is resolved without negative consequences.(基本上，多亏了我们大脑中这些复杂的系统，幽默来自于某种出人意料、意外或错误的事物，只要不一致之处得到了解决而不会带来负面后果)”可知，只要不一致之处得到了解决而不会带来负面后果，某些令人惊讶、意想不到或错误的事情则会产生幽默。原句题干“People can work out humor from something being surprising, unexpected or wrong in some way, as long as the incongruity remains unsolved.(人们可以从一些令人惊讶的、意想不到的或错误的事情中找到幽默，只要不协调的地方没有被解决)”中的后半句as long as the incongruity remains unsolved与原文表达信息不一致，文章中指出只要不一致之处得到了解决而不会带来负面后果，某些令人惊讶、意想不到或错误的事情则会产生幽默，而此处强调的是故是只要不协调的地方没有被解决。故答案为：People can work out humor from something being surprising, unexpected or wrong in some way, as long as the incongruity remains unsolved.
【43题详解】
开放性题目。根据题干“Apart from the benefit mentioned in the passage, what other benefit(s)can you get from humor ( 除了文中提到的好处，你还能从幽默中得到什么好处？)”可知，本人认为有良好的幽默感可以提高我的沟通能力。它可以帮助我更有效地表达自己，并与他人联系。此外，运用幽默需要我突然转变观点或思维模式，这有助于提高我的创造力。故答案为Having a good sense of humor can improve my communication skills. It can help me express myself more effectively and connect with others. Besides, using humor requires me to take sudden shifts in perspective or thinking patterns, which helps boost my creativity.
第二节(20分)
44. 假如你是红星中学高三学生李华。你班将在寒假组织一次以“北京城里看中国”为主题的文化研学活动，为期一天。请你用英文写一封信邀请你校国际部交换生Jim来参加。内容包括：1. 活动目的；
2. 活动安排。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出, 不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
How is everything going recently Our class is going to organize a one-day cultural tour themed “Reading China in Beijing” during this winter vacation in order to explore the traditional Chinese culture, so I am very excited to invite you in.
Our first stop will be the Chinese Traditional Culture Museum. Rebuilt in 2022, the museum provides rare chances for visitors to appreciate highly skilled traditional arts and crafts up close, such as delicate woodcarvings and porcelain. After that, we will have a city walk around the Beijing Hutongs, where we can be immersed into the real tradition of Chinese culture.
I am sure this cultural tour will not let you down. If you have any questions, don’t hesitate to ask me.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假如你是红星中学高三学生李华。你班将在寒假组织一次以“北京城里看中国”为主题的文化研学活动，为期一天。请你用英文写一封信邀请你校国际部交换生Jim来参加。。
【详解】1.词汇积累
传统：tradition→convention
为了：in order to→so as to
欣赏：appreciate→admire
精致的：delicate→exquisite
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Our class is going to organize a one-day cultural tour themed “Reading China in Beijing” during this winter vacation in order to explore the traditional Chinese culture, so I am very excited to invite you in.
拓展句：Our class is going to organize a one-day cultural tour, whose theme is “Reading China in Beijing” during this winter vacation in order to explore the traditional Chinese culture, so I am very excited to invite you in.
【点睛】[高分句型1] After that, we will have a city walk around the Beijing Hutongs, where we can be immersed into the real tradition of Chinese culture. (运用了where引导非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] If you have any questions, don’t hesitate to ask me. (运用了if引导条件状语从句)北京市朝阳区2023~2024学年度第一学期期末质量检测
高三英语试卷
2024. 1
(考试时间90分钟满分100分)
本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答, 在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分知识运用(共两节, 30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分, 共15分)
阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Gardening changed how I see myself as a disabled woman. When I started gardening in 2018, I didn’t know anything about plants, let alone how to grow things we can eat. I thought gardening required a lot of ____1____tasks. As I have a genetic (遗传的) condition that causes my bones to ____2____easily, I didn’t believe I could complete them. The thought of taking care of plants in a wheelchair every day made me feel____3____ . But just like how I gradually learnt everything else as a disabled person, I had to ____4____how to garden my way.
That first season, I visited my garden as much as I could. Noticing my interest in gardening, my neighbors in the community____5____offered me advice and support. Under their careful____6____, I managed to pull up the weeds and watered my plants on my own. Finally, I was so proud to eat the tomatoes I grew and even shared some with neighbors. They tasted like summertime.
Gardening has ____7____ how I see other parts of my life. As a disabled woman, I fear being seen as a ____8____ and struggle to ask for the things I need. Gardening helped me normalize the fact that I have needs. I don’t think my plant is a heavy load because it needs more nutrition. I don’t ____9____ it for getting insects and not being able to fight against them. Gardening also helped me expand my social circle and grow close to people in our community.
Over the years, gardening has made me feel more confident in every aspect of my life. I’m planting what I want to grow, and I have gained a lot of _____10_____from that.
1. A. simple B. physical C. pleasant D. urgent
2. A. change B. rest C. break D. move
3. A. anxious B. expectant C. motivated D. bored
4. A. look over B. show off C. bring back D. figure out
5. A. suddenly B. readily C. hesitantly D. casually
6. A. observation B. check C. discussion D. guidance
7. A. impacted B. ruined C. controlled D. recorded
8. A. support B. comfort C. burden D. threat
9. A. appreciate B. fault C. challenge D. forgive
10. A. justice B. access C. weight D. power
第二节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分, 共15分)
阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
语法填空
I was born with a pronounced facial problem. Because of that, I have undergone many cruel comments. One day, while ____11____ (shop), I was approached by a woman I didn’t know. Standing still, I was ready for a rude remark. But the lady smiled and said, “This gift card is for you, beautiful girl, so you can buy something special for____12____ (you). ” I am so thankful to that woman for reminding me beauty____13____ (come) in all forms.
B
语法填空
China has a large number of global cultural heritage(遗产) sites ____14____ (recognize) by UNESCO. Over the past decades, great efforts____15____ (make) by the country to preserve them. These cultural heritage sites enrich our daily lives in countless ways, ____16____we experience them directly or through the medium of a connected device. We believe that China____17____ (apply) modern technologies to the restoration and preservation of more cultural heritage sites in the years to come.
C
语法填空
Psychological processes and mental wellbeing are vital to consistently high degrees of sporting performance for athletes at all levels. Sports psychology is the study of ____18____ psychological factors influence athletic performance. Although it is a ____19____ (relative) new discipline, sports psychology is now widely accepted as offering an important advantage ____20____opponents. To provide athletes with the mental support they need, a sports psychologist needs to consider their feelings, behavior and lives beyond.
第二部分阅读理解(共两节, 38 分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分, 共28分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
World Learning (WL) Youth Programs bring international high school age youth to the US for short-term leadership programs and exchanges to develop their meaningful and memorable learning experiences. We have more than 1, 000 youth participants on over 20 programs each year.
WL Youth Programs seek leaders who are responsible for working with young people and leading high school exchange programs. Leaders deliver educational content and are knowledgeable in the design and delivery of active workshops. Leaders also represent WL in US domestic host communities, and at times overseas, and manage partner relationships with integrity and professionalism.
Qualifications for the Applicants
You are flexible, energetic, and pro-active team players.
You enjoy spending time with high school students.
You are willing to put the participants’ learning and development ahead of your own experience.
You are ready for an intense, challenging, and rewarding programming experience.
You have a high level of social and emotional intelligence
You demonstrate cross-cultural sensitivity and skills in communication.
You bring a wide variety of backgrounds and social identities.
You are an educator.
Apply to become a WL Youth Program Leader
If interested, you can contact groupleaders@worldlearning.org for questions about our 2024 application process.
21. What is the aim of WL Youth Programs
A. To develop the leadership of high school students.
B. To offer young people an opportunity to work in US.
C. To train participants to be WL Youth Programs leaders.
D. To seek individuals to contribute to WL Youth Programs.
22. If selected as a WL Youth Programs leader, one will
A. host community events representing WL
B. be devoted to the field of youth development
C. help participants learn knowledge about designing workshops
D. manage WL Youth Programs with integrity and professionalism
23. According to the passage, applicants are required to
A. have overseas work experience
B. value the development of participants
C. major in cross-cultural communication
D. tell the participants’ different social identities
B
Working at a bank in New York City in the mid-2010s, Anna Sacks was living the life-just not the life she wanted. Sure, she was happy. But she wanted to do something that felt important.
Some people seeking meaning might read a self-help book or perhaps volunteer a few hours a week. Sacks packed up her life and moved to Connecticut to participate in Adamah, a farming program that focuses on sustainable living and growing sustainable food. When she returned to New York, her life was with a new purpose and a variety of new skills to make her dreams a reality.
“One of the things that really stuck with me from Adamah was how little waste they produced and how they handled the waste they did have, primarily through composting (堆肥), ” she says. “And I just thought, ‘Why aren’t we doing that here ”“ The Adamah program opened Sacks’ eyes to the damage consumer culture is doing on a local, national, and global level, and the need to find solutions. So in 2017, she began what she calls “trash walking”.
During tours around her community, Sacks picks through garbage to look for reusable items. Soon, her “trash walking” expanded to include corporate trash along with residential trash. Surprisingly, she discovered a wide range of really great stuff-like clothing, decorations, and food-all of which she documents on TikTok.
Under the name The Trash Walker, Sacks quickly gained popularity for her videos that highlight the problems with consumerism. “The root issue is overproduction, which leads to overconsumption, which leads to a large amount of waste,” she says.
The fact is, companies often choose to trash items rather than give them away to people who might need them. A big reason for this waste is the way our current tax laws are structured, Sacks says. Sellers who destroy goods can claim the cost as a loss on their taxes and be refunded. If they give away goods, they can claim only a small amount as a charitable reduction on their taxes.
Sacks’ main focus is simply getting people to pay attention to how many unnecessary things they buy and then throw away. “Once you become aware of the way you consume, you can see ways you improve,” she says.
24. Anna Sacks packed up her life and left New York to________.
A. lead a healthy lifestyle
B. observe how to grow food
C. pursue a meaningful life
D. volunteer to work in a bank
25. What impressed Anna Sacks most about the Adamah program
A. The importance of trash walking.
B The sustainable food people produced.
C. The hard truth about consumer culture.
D. The way people there dealt with the waste.
26. What makes companies prefer to throw out goods as trash
A. The tax reduction.
B. The quality of goods.
C. The tax refund.
D. The overproduction.
27. What can we learn from Anna Sacks’ story
A. Consumer culture accounts for wasting.
B. Corporate trash outweighs residential trash.
C. Trash walking is the key to becoming wealthy.
D. Turning to farming leads to sustainable living.
C
We often think of fingerprints as the tiny arched patterns on the tip of each finger. They are regarded as special markers of human identity, even more individualized than DNA. But new research suggests our brains have “fingerprints” that are equally unchanging and unique to each person.
With modern neuroimaging (神经影像) techniques, scientists can track your brain’s distinct signature composed of tens of thousands of electrical signals that communicate across the brain. The final product is a picture of brain’s electrical activity that is detailed, distinct and difficult to change. According to Zack Y. Shan, head of the neuroimaging platform at the Thompson Institute, “The brain is a symphony orchestra (交响乐团).” Each region plays a unique instrument and adapts to work with nearby tunes at the same time. This cooperation leads to our thoughts and actions. “And no two symphonies sound exactly alike,” Shan adds.
A recent study published in Sleep maps the extent of this neurodiversity through EEG snapshots (脑电图快照), which describe the sleeping brain’s electrical activity as wavy lines. Led by Michael Prerau, a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School, the researchers analyzed brainwave data of sleep spindles, one to two seconds evident neural activity associated with our ability to turn short-term memories into long-term memories.
For Dara S. Manoach, a co-author of the Sleep study and professor of psychology at Harvard Medical School, the sleeping brain is a “new frontier” for studying the treatment of memory problems in neurological disorders. She notes that lack of sleep spindle activities has been linked to different mental diseases like epilepsy and Alzheimer’s disease. So, the researchers compared two nights of sleep recordings from healthy participants to those with Alzheimer’s disease. Their analysis revealed that their broadened approach to analyzing sleep spindles also could unearth new biological indicators for Alzheimer’s disease. “It’s a first step to better understanding how the disorder operates and developing targeted treatments,” Manoach says.
Moreover, brain fingerprints may offer inspirations that traditional therapeutic (治疗性的) observation can’t. Patients with different diseases can have similar symptoms. “That’s where neuroimaging comes into play. Brain fingerprints are windows into distinguishing between two patients who seem identical,” explains Dan Hermens, a professor of neurobiology at the Thompson Institute.
In the wake of increasing reports of mental disorders, there is therapeutic promise. Brain fingerprinting could offer a potential way out of the dark chapter and provide new possibilities for the mental health crisis using best evidence-based practices to overcome it.
28. What can we learn about the brain’s “fingerprint”
A. It can track electrical signals in the brain.
B. It refers to the pattern of the surface of the brain.
C. It constructs an individualized map of brain structure.
D. It shows the unique image of the brain’s electrical activity.
29. According to the passage, the sleeping brain is a “new frontier” because________.
A. recording brain fingerprints enhances memory
B. brainwave data can identify specific mental illnesses
C. EEG can form biological indicators for human identity
D neuroimaging prevents the development of mental disorders
30. Which would be the best title for the passage
A. Sleep Fingerprints Predict Disease Occurrence
B. Sleeping Brains: Ideas and Actions Controlled
C. Sleep Fingerprints: Brain Identity Revealed
D. Sleeping Brains Uncover Memory Codes
D
The Age of Information is mushrooming, perhaps even bulging. If you tried to download all the data available today, you’d need more than 180 million years to do so. But you are wrong to assume that all this information would stimulate a boost of innovation to match the output of data. Indeed, the last time we found ourselves in a period of significant innovation, pursuing the ideas with the biggest spark, was more than 120 years ago, in a period called the Age of Insight.
Innovations, both big and small, start with a new idea. Often, these ideas occur as a moment of insight-the result of a novel connection in our brains made between existing and new information. Studies show insights involve quiet signals deep in the brain, just under the surface of awareness. Anything that helps us notice quiet signals, such as taking breaks between meetings, only adopting necessary learning approaches or avoiding distractions like social media, can increase the chance of insights. However, it’s becoming more challenging to find those quiet signals with the increasing use of technology, filling every moment with emergencies and an endless supply of content.
Besides, we also want to increase the quality of them-to be able to sort through big new ideas and find the ones that have real value, which can be hard to measure. Launched in 2015, the Eureka Scale(尤里卡量表) allows us to assess the strength of our insight experiences on a five-point scale, which is marked by intense emotions, motivation, memory advantage, aftershocks, and following ideas. The Scale combines these five variables into a single value and allows us to define the importance of a new idea. The level-5 insight, involving the richest emotion, motivation, and lasting impact, holds the greatest significance.
Because insights are one of the best ways to drive engagement, innovation, and behavior change, the Eureka Scale has broad applications for measuring and improving individual and organizational performance. More importantly, it can be used to measure the impact of different kinds of work environments and learning approaches on participants’ growth-both in the moment or afterward.
In order for organizations to benefit from another age of insight, it’s not enough to try to access more data or increase the number of insights we generate. Instead, it’s about making space for the biggest ideas to emerge from all the information. Using the shared language of the Eureka Scale as a way to measure how important ideas are, relative to each other, will enable better decision-making toward practical and competitive outcomes. And if we’re to enter a new age of insight, we must design our environments to allow for the best insight possible to surface.
31. What does the underlined word “bulging” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A. Stabilizing.
B. Exploding.
C. Shifting.
D. Collapsing.
32. According to the passage, how can the possibility of insights be increased
A. By engaging in ongoing social media interactions.
B. By relying on technology to receive regular notices.
C. By stepping away from computers between meetings.
D. By participating in additional training and coaching sessions.
33. What can be inferred from the passage
A. The Eureka Scale controls the influence of our insights.
B. Possessing minimal emotional responses is a level-5 insight.
C. Both the quantity and quality of insights are essential to innovation.
D A breakthrough has been made in innovation due to a wealth of information.
34. What is the author’s attitude towards the current environment for innovations
A. Uncertain.
B. Optimistic.
C. Unconcerned.
D. Dissatisfied.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分, 共10分)
根据短文内容, 从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When you go to concerts, you expect your favorite musician to perform amazingly on stage. But you may have noticed something curious that most musicians don’t just play with their fingers. They also involve body movements that fit the song’s beat or dance following the music. ____35____ The facial expressions musicians show when playing may seem strange or crazy to an outsider, but all that pulling faces might actually serve a purpose.
Firstly, playing a musical instrument usually requires intense focus and concentration. ____36____ Their facial expressions can be a demonstration of the intense emotions and physical effort that go hand-in-hand with musical performance. They’re often subconscious-in fact, many of us will pull strange faces when we’re deeply involved in an activity we care about.
____37____Musicians have a strong emotional connection with the music they perform. They often use their facial expressions to express the mood and interpretation of the music, which creates a more engaging musical experience. While facial expressions may not directly make someone a better musician, they might contribute to the overall artistry of the music.
Performing live music is a rather stressful experience, so it could be that the performer is expressing those nerves through their face-biting the bottom lip, for example. Luckily, nerves will often go away soon after a musician starts performing. ____38____
The facial expressions obviously to some extent express the performer’s inner world. Another interesting thing is that making facial expressions can have a physiological impact on the musician’s performance. Some research suggests that certain facial movements can activate specific muscles and improve muscle harmonization. ____39____However, it’s important to note that this relationship is still not well understood, and the extent to which facial expressions directly impact musical competence is a subject of ongoing investigation.
A. When you’re really focused, you don’t care about the outside world.
B. Among them the part of the body that best exhibits this is obviously the face.
C. They likely won’t be the main cause for those strange faces throughout a performance.
D. Such effects are particularly helpful in controlling muscles when playing an instrument.
E. Facial expressions can also help musicians communicate emotions and artistic expression.
F. Musicians are often overcome with emotion from the music itself or the reaction of the crowd.
G. Musicians often enter a state of “flow”, where they become completely absorbed in the music they’re creating.
第三部分书面表达(共两节, 32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分, 第42题3分, 第43题5分, 共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Jokes and humor are often considered unimportant. This is understandable: they are, by definition, not serious. Yet jokes and humor are beneficial for health through their stress-relieving properties. For example, they can stimulate blood circulation and aid muscle relaxation, both of which can help reduce stress.
But why do we respond, in powerful and rewarding ways, to things that are objectively meaningless Scientists have spent years studying how humor works in the brain and on the various types of jokes that produce it.
Puns, the most familiar type of jokes, are where specific elements of language convey different meanings at once. For example, “Why did the golfer wear two pairs of trousers In case he got a hole in one.” “Here” hole in one has two possible interpretations: one pair is damaged or someone’s ball goes into the hole the first time he hit it. We may not actually laugh at them, but their simplicity and familiarity make most people recognize the humor in puns. Therefore, the brain’s humor processes are still engaged.
How does humor arise from the brain Our brains have developed a system to recognize when things don’t match expectations. If normality is overturned it means we don’t know what’s going to happen, which creates tension. However, the system that recognizes incongruity (不一致) also resolves it, by providing an explanation, or at least a confirmation that the incongruity has no negative consequences. This removes the uncertainty, easing the tension. After that, we learn something new and expand our mental model, experiencing a rewarding feeling.
Basically, thanks to these complex systems in our brains, humor comes from something being surprising, unexpected or wrong in some way, as long as the incongruity is resolved without negative consequences. If the incongruity is not resolved, humor is absent. If the answer to “Why did the golfer wear two pairs of trousers ” is “in case the metal eagle that lives in his gold bag attacks him”, that’s not funny. This would explain why unreal humor is often hard to get right.
40. What is the benefit of jokes and humor
___________________________________________________________________________________________
41. Why can people recognize the humor in puns
___________________________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
>People can work out humor from something being surprising, unexpected or wrong in some way, as long as the incongruity remains unsolved.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
43. Apart from the benefit mentioned in the passage, what other benefit(s)can you get from humor (In about 40 words)
___________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节(20分)
44. 假如你是红星中学高三学生李华。你班将在寒假组织一次以“北京城里看中国”为主题的文化研学活动，为期一天。请你用英文写一封信邀请你校国际部交换生Jim来参加。内容包括：1. 活动目的；
2. 活动安排。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出, 不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
