龙岗区2023-2024学年第一学期高三期末质量监测
英语试卷
注意事项：
1.本试卷共8页，满分 120分，折算成130分计入总分。 考试用时 120分钟。
2.答题前，请将学校、班级、姓名和考号用规定的笔写在答题卡指定的位置上， 并将条形码粘贴在答题卡的贴条形码区。请保持条形码整洁、不污损。
3.本卷试题，考生必须在答题卡上按规定作答; 凡在试卷、草稿纸上作答的，其答案一律无效。答题卡必须保持清洁，不能折叠。
4.选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔将答题卡选择题答题区内对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案; 非选择题答案必须用规定的笔，按作答题目的序号，写在答题卡非选择题答题区内。
5.考试结束，请将答题卡交回。
第二部分阅读(共两节，满分 50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Calling All Science Lovers
PacSci is always seeking exceptionally talented people who believe deeply in our mission and reflect our diverse community. PacSci offers a variety of job opportunities, from entry-level positions to management roles, all with opportunities to learn, and grow.
Is this you
·Intensely curious and motivated
·Passion for science and science education
·Team player
·Service-oriented
You might find yourself
·Interpreting exhibits
·Running planetarium(天文馆)shows
·Rowing down River Mercer Slough with summer campers
·Tending to the tropical tree leaves in our Butterfly House
·Managing details for private event sales
·Making things run smoothly behind the scenes
Benefits and bonus
·Exciting location in Seattle Center
·Easy access to public transportation(take the Monorail to work!)
·100% employer paid medical, dental, and vision benefit options
·Approximately 4 weeks of paid vacation plus 12 paid holidays annually
·Annual membership including unlimited admission and other great benefits
·Regular opportunities to learn, grow, and develop new skills across departments and projects
Each PacSci team member plays a vital role in fulfilling our mission: to stimulate curiosity in every child and fuel a passion for discovery, experimentation, and critical thinking in all of us. Join our team to help expand access to science, in the Pacific Northwest and beyond!
1. What is required of a PacSci member
A. Prior experience. B. Language skills.
C. Cooperative spirit. D. Academic background.
2. Which of the following may be included in the job responsibilities at PacSci
A. Hosting talent shows.
B. Holding science exhibitions.
C. Planting tropical trees.
D. Accompanying summer campers.
3. When working at PacSci, you can have ________.
A. unlimited vacation days
B. self-improvement opportunities
C. free public transportation
D. discounted annual membership
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇应用文。文章是一则关于PacSci公司的招聘广告，主要介绍了公司提供的各种工作机会和福利，以及公司对员工的期望和要求。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章“Is this you ”部分中的“Team player(团队精神)”可知，拥有团队合作精神是成为PacSci会员需要具备的条件。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章“You might find yourself”部分中的“Rowing down River Mercer Slough with summer campers(与夏令营者一起划船沿着默瑟斯劳河而下)”可知，选项D“Accompanying summer campers(陪同夏令营者)”是在PacSci的工作中可能需要承担的职责。故选D。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章“Benefits and bonus”部分中的“Regular opportunities to learn, grow, and develop new skills across(定期有机会跨部门和跨项目学习、成长和发展新技能)”可知，在PacSci工作时可以有自我提升的机会。故选B。
B
After the death of her nature-loving mother, Margaret Renkl tenderly placed in an antique jar the “soft white hair” left behind in her mother’s hairbrush. Years passed. When it no longer carried the scent (气味) she treasured, Renkl laid the hair across a tree branch in her yard. This act was meant as a direct invitation to the birds in her yard, and it was accepted: A bird used the hair for the nest it was building.
Renkl devotes only a half-page to this story, but it conveys the beautiful interaction of human and other animal lives at the heart of The Comfort of Crows. Starting in winter and continuing through the seasonal round, Renkl brings alive in 52 chapters her love for the animals and plants in her half-acre (半英亩) yard in Tennessee and in nearby parks. Equally moving, she admits her desperation at the human-caused crisis the natural world faces, and her determination not to back off.
Her determination is more than lip service. She cures a neighborhood fox against a skin disease, with the help of a trap, a bit of bacon, and advice from an animal doctor; ensures that leaves from the trees in her yard are not gathered so that insects overwinter and hungry birds can dine there; fills a garden with milkweed in support of monarch butterflies.
With these steps, Renkl refuses to give up in the face of human-caused global warming that is changing our environment and harming other species. In these days of climate crisis, the phenomenon of ecological anxiety is real. In order to seize opportunities to help, many of us do require fuel to restore our spirits. Find that fuel in Renkl’s chapters of The Comfort of Crows. The animals and plants so cherished by Renkl need us now more than ever.
4. What is the central theme of Renkl’s The Comfort of Crows
A. Personal preference towards country life. B. Fond memories of close family members.
C. Profound disappointment at climate crisis. D. Amazing interactions between man and nature.
5. What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A Renkl’s efforts in protecting animals. B. Renkl’s service in the neighborhood.
C. Renkl’s attempts to treat an injured fox. D. Renkl’s determination to preserve the yard.
6. What is Renkl’s attitude towards global warming
A. Indifferent yet realistic. B. Concerned yet active.
C. Pessimistic yet tolerant. D. Regretful yet hopeful.
7. What is the purpose of this text
A. To introduce the beauty of rural life. B. To present the daily routine of Renkl.
C. To recommend an inspirational book. D. To provide advice on nature protection.
【答案】4. D 5. A 6. B 7. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Margaret Renkl写的《乌鸦的安慰》一书，传达了人类和其他动物生活的美好互动。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Renkl devotes only a half-page to this story, but it conveys the beautiful interaction of human and other animal lives at the heart of The Comfort of Crows.(Renkl只用了半页纸来讲述这个故事，但它传达了人类和其他动物生活的美好互动，这是《乌鸦的安慰》的核心)”可知，Renkl的the Comfort of Crows的中心主题是人与自然的惊人互动。故选D。
【5题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“Her determination is more than lip service. She cures a neighborhood fox against a skin disease, with the help of a trap, a bit of bacon, and advice from an animal doctor; ensures that leaves from the trees in her yard are not gathered so that insects overwinter and hungry birds can dine there; fills a garden with milkweed in support of monarch butterflies.(她的决心不只是说说而已。她用一个陷阱、一点熏肉和一位动物医生的建议，治好了邻居家一只狐狸的皮肤病；确保她院子里的树叶不会被收集起来，这样越冬的昆虫和饥饿的鸟儿就可以在那里吃饭了;在花园里种满马利筋，以支持帝王蝶)”可知，第三段的主要内容是Renkl在保护动物方面的努力。故选A。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“With these steps, Renkl refuses to give up in the face of human-caused global warming that is changing our environment and harming other species. In these days of climate crisis, the phenomenon of ecological anxiety is real. In order to seize opportunities to help, many of us do require fuel to restore our spirits. Find that fuel in Renkl’s chapters of The Comfort of Crows. The animals and plants so cherished by Renkl need us now more than ever.(面对人类造成的全球变暖正在改变我们的环境并伤害其他物种，Renkl拒绝放弃这些步骤。在气候危机的今天，生态焦虑的现象是真实的。为了抓住机会提供帮助，我们中的许多人确实需要动力来恢复我们的精神。在Renkl的《乌鸦的安慰》章节中找到动力。Renkl珍惜的动物和植物现在比以往任何时候都更需要我们)”可推知，Renkl对全球变暖的态度是担忧的，但是Renkl也指出应该找到动力来保护动植物，体现了积极的一面。故选B。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Renkl devotes only a half-page to this story, but it conveys the beautiful interaction of human and other animal lives at the heart of The Comfort of Crows.(Renkl只用了半页纸来讲述这个故事，但它传达了人类和其他动物生活的美好互动，这是《乌鸦的安慰》的核心)”结合文章主要介绍了Margaret Renkl写的《乌鸦的安慰》一书，传达了人类和其他动物生活的美好互动。可推知，这篇文章的目的是推荐一本励志书。故选C。
C
Imagine that you’ve just finished taking a multiple-choice test, and you start to second-guess one of your answers. You have some extra time — should you stick to your first instinct (直觉) or change it About three quarters of students are convinced that changing their answers will hurt their scores. Experience indicates that many who change answers change to the wrong answer.
Despite the lessons of experience, what does evidence say In a review of thirty-three studies, three psychologists found that the majority of answer changes were from wrong to right. Teachers have also found that students’ final exams have few eraser marks, but those who do rethink their first answers rather than sticking to them end up improving their scores. This phenomenon is known as the first instinct fallacy (谬误).
We don’t just hesitate to rethink our answers. We hesitate at the very idea of rethinking. Take an experiment where hundreds of college students learned about the first instinct fallacy for example. Researchers taught them about the value of changing their minds and gave them advice on when it makes sense to do so. In their next two tests, they were still unlikely to change their answers.
Part of the problem is cognitive (认知的) laziness. Psychologists point out that we favor the comfort of firmly-held beliefs over the discomfort of doubt. Questioning ourselves makes the world more unpredictable. It requires us to admit that the facts may have changed, and that what was once right may now be wrong.
We’ve all heard about the popular story where a frog would immediately escape if dropped into boiling hot water, but it would stay if the water was gradually heated. However, it isn’t true.
The frog will escape as soon as the water gets uncomfortably warm. It is just once we hear the story and accept it as true, we rarely bother to question it. So, it’s not so much changing your answer that improves your score as considering whether you should change it.
8. What is a common belief among students when they take tests
A. Changing answers is a risk.
B. First instinct harms their scores.
C. Reviewing answers is a must.
D. Second-guessing improves their scores.
9 What might college students be taught concerning the first instinct fallacy
A. Changing one’s mind hurts.
B. First instinct should be ignored.
C. Seeking others’ advice helps.
D. First answers can be challenged.
10. Why does the author mention the story of a frog
A. To raise questions about the story.
B. To stress the importance of escaping.
C. To convey the frog’s lesson of survival.
D. To illustrate our resistance to questioning.
11. What is a suitable title for the text
A. Rethinking: the Art of Doubt
B. First Instinct is Not to Be Trusted
C Changing: From Right to Wrong
D. Changing Answers Improves Scores
【答案】8. A 9. D 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，尽管许多人认为改变答案会降低分数，但研究表明，重新思考答案往往能提高成绩。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Imagine that you’ve just finished taking a multiple-choice test, and you start to second-guess one of your answers. You have some extra time — should you stick to your first instinct (直觉) or change it About three quarters of students are convinced that changing their answers will hurt their scores. Experience indicates that many who change answers change to the wrong answer.(想象一下，你刚刚完成了一次多项选择题测试，你开始猜测其中一个答案。你有一些额外的时间——你应该坚持你的第一直觉还是改变它？大约四分之三的学生相信改变答案会影响他们的分数。经验表明，许多改变答案的人得到的是错误的答案。)”可知，当学生参加考试时，大多数学生都认为改变答案会影响他们的分数，而且许多改变答案的人得到的是错误的答案。由此可推测，学生认为改变答案是有风险的。故选A。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Teachers have also found that students’ final exams have few eraser marks, but those who do rethink their first answers rather than sticking to them end up improving their scores. This phenomenon is known as the first instinct fallacy (谬误).(老师们还发现，学生的期末考试很少有橡皮擦标记，但那些重新思考自己的第一个答案而不是坚持的学生最终会提高他们的分数。这种现象被称为第一本能谬论。)”可知，重新思考自己的第一个答案而不是坚持的学生最终会提高他们的分数，也就是说第一个答案未必就是正确的，是可以质疑的。故选D。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The frog will escape as soon as the water gets uncomfortably warm. It is just once we hear the story and accept it as true, we rarely bother to question it.(一旦水变暖，青蛙就会逃跑。只是一旦我们听到这个故事并接受它是真的，我们就很少费心去质疑它。)”可知，作者提到青蛙的故事是为了说明我们从心理上就抵抗质疑。故选D。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“We don’t just hesitate to rethink our answers. We hesitate at the very idea of rethinking.(我们在重新思考答案时不会犹豫。我们对重新思考的想法犹豫不决。)”以及文章第四段“Part of the problem is cognitive (认知的) laziness. Psychologists point out that we favor the comfort of firmly-held beliefs over the discomfort of doubt. Questioning ourselves makes the world more unpredictable. It requires us to admit that the facts may have changed, and that what was once right may now be wrong.(部分问题在于认知上的懒惰。心理学家指出，我们更喜欢坚定信念带来的舒适感，而不是怀疑带来的不适。质疑自己会让世界变得更加不可预测。它要求我们承认事实可能已经改变，曾经正确的东西现在可能是错误的。)”可知，文章主要讲述的是重新思考是有意义的，故A选项（反思:怀疑的艺术）适合作为标题。故选A。
D
When you eagerly dig into a long-awaited dinner, it’s traditionally believed that signals from your stomach to your brain stop you eating so much. However, a research team recently discovered that it’s our sense of taste that immediately pulls us back from eating food overly on a hungry day. Stimulated by the perception of flavor, a set of brain cells become active to quickly curtail food intake.
Previous studies have suggested that the food taste may control how fast we eat, but it’s been impossible to study relevant brain activities during eating because brain cells that control this process are located deep in our brains, making them hard to access or record in an awake animal. New techniques developed by the team allowed for the first-ever imaging and recording of a brainstem structure critical for feeling full, called NTS, in an active mouse.
The new study found that when researchers put food directly into the mouse’s stomach, brain cells called PRLH were activated by signals from the gut (消化道), in line with traditional thinking. However, when they allowed the mice to eat the food as they normally would, those signals from the gut didn’t show up. Instead, the PRLH brain cells switched to a new activity pattern that was entirely controlled by signals from the mouth. “It’s astonishing that these cells were activated by the perception of taste,” said researchers. “It shows that there are other components of the appetite-control system that deserves our attention.”
The PRLH-activated slowdown also makes sense in terms of timing. The taste of food allows PRLH to switch their activity in seconds. In contrast, another group of brain cells, called CGC, takes several minutes to respond to signals from the gut. The good thing is that CGC can hold back hunger for a much longer time. These two sets of brain cells interact to work together: one uses taste to slow down eating, while the other signals that you are full.
Understanding how body signals regulate appetite could improve weight-loss programs for the overweight by making use of interactions between signals from different brain cell sets.
12. What does the underline word “curtail” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A. Activate. B. Limit. C. Expand. D. Assist.
13. What is the limitation of previous studies according to paragraph 2
A. Inadequate technologies.
B. Inefficient funds.
C. Unqualified professionals.
D. Improper methods.
14. What did the new study find about PRLH brain cells when the mice normally ate
A. They helped stimulate the mice’s appetite.
B They encouraged the mice to speed up eating.
C. They were activated by signals from the mouth.
D. They were controlled by signals from the stomach.
15. What is the function of CGC brain cells
A. To slow down eating speed.
B. To improve the digestion system.
C. To extend the feeling of fullness.
D. To interact with signals from taste.
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. C 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现，该研究表明，脑细胞PRLH在接收到来自口腔的信号时会迅速改变其活动模式，而另一组脑细胞CGC则需要几分钟才能对来自肠道的信号作出反应。这两种脑细胞相互作用，共同调节食欲。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线单词上一句“a research team recently discovered that it’s our sense of taste that immediately pulls us back from eating food overly on a hungry day.(一个研究小组最近发现，在饥饿的日子里，我们的味觉会立即把我们从过度进食中拉回来。)”可知，味觉可以阻止我们过度进食。由此可推测，划线单词指的是“减少”食物的摄入。选项A“Activate (激活)”；选项B“Limit (限制)”；选项C“Expand (扩展)”；选项D“Assist (协助)”。故选B。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Previous studies have suggested that the food taste may control how fast we eat, but it’s been impossible to study relevant brain activities during eating because brain cells that control this process are located deep in our brains, making them hard to access or record in an awake animal. New techniques developed by the team allowed for the first-ever imaging and recording of a brainstem structure critical for feeling full, called NTS, in an active mouse.(之前的研究表明，食物的味道可能会控制我们吃东西的速度，但研究进食过程中相关的大脑活动是不可能的，因为控制这一过程的脑细胞位于我们大脑的深处，很难在清醒的动物身上获得或记录它们。研究小组开发的新技术首次对活动小鼠的脑干结构NTS进行了成像和记录，该结构对饱腹感至关重要。)”中的“new techniques”可推测，以前的研究的局限性是因为技术不足。故选A。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“However, when they allowed the mice to eat the food as they normally would, those signals from the gut didn’t show up. Instead, the PRLH brain cells switched to a new activity pattern that was entirely controlled by signals from the mouth. “It’s astonishing that these cells were activated by the perception of taste,” said researchers. “It shows that there are other components of the appetite-control system that deserves our attention.”(然而，当他们让老鼠像往常一样吃这些食物时，这些来自肠道的信号就没有出现。相反，PRLH脑细胞切换到一种完全由口腔信号控制的新活动模式。研究人员说：“令人惊讶的是，这些细胞被味觉激活了。”“这表明食欲控制系统中还有其他组成部分值得我们关注。”)”可知，当老鼠正常进食时，PRLH脑细胞切换到一种完全由口腔信号控制的新活动模式，也就是说这些细胞被味觉激活了。故选C。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The good thing is that CGC can hold back hunger for a much longer time.(好消息是，CGC可以在更长的时间内抑制饥饿。)”可知，CGC脑细胞可以长时间抑制饥饿，也就是可以延长饱腹感。故选C。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
You know the scene: A child runs downstairs in pajamas to unwrap her holiday presents and sheds joyful tears as she hugs a new puppy rescued from a shelter. The music builds up, hearts double in size and faith in humanity is restored. ____16____ Before taking that step, there are a few things to consider.
First is the element of surprise. The timing could be a surprise, but the animal should absolutely not be a surprise. The decision should be based on many conversations. Everyone involved should understand the long term consequences, children included.____17____
Next, you’ll choose whether to adopt from a shelter or rescue. ____18____ The y are across the country flooded with lovable animals. They also offer physical locations where you can meet a lot of animals at once. On the other hand, rescues are smaller and funded by donations. They often rely on fosters to house animals.
____19____Applications and their processing times vary and can include tasks like proving that your landlord allows pets. Check to see if applying online is possible. If you’re applying in person, make sure you know what to bring.
If you’re worried about the huge responsibility of choosing the pet for your child, you can wrap a leash (牵引绳)or a pet bag as the gift, and then take the future pet owner to the shelter. ____20____ This step will be more meaningful and memorable than just having an animal show up at your door.
A. Now, you can welcome the lovely one with open arms.
B. Nothing is more beautiful than seeing your child smile.
C. Shelters tend to be larger and quicker to process applications.
D. Whichever you choose, apply and become approved as an adopter first.
E. While it is sweet, giving a living creature as a gift isn’t a light decision.
F. Involving your child in the selection process adds to the whole experience.
G. Responsibilities can be assigned to them even before their new pet arrives.
【答案】16. E 17. G 18. C 19. D 20. F
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在收养宠物的时候我们需要考虑的几件事。
【16题详解】
根据空前内容“You know the scene: A child runs downstairs in pajamas to unwrap her holiday presents and sheds joyful tears as she hugs a new puppy rescued from a shelter. The music builds up, hearts double in size and faith in humanity is restored.(你一定见过这样的场景：一个孩子穿着睡衣跑下楼打开节日礼物的包装，抱着一只从收容所救出来的小狗，流下了快乐的眼泪。音乐响起，人心倍增，对人性的信心得以恢复。)”可知，上文描述了收养一只小狗的美好场景。选项E“While it is sweet, giving a living creature as a gift isn’t a light decision.(虽然这很甜蜜，但送一个生物作为礼物并不是一个轻松的决定。)”延续上文内容，指出这一场景非常的甜蜜，同时引出下文指出收养小狗并不轻松。故选E。
【17题详解】
根据上文内容“The timing could be a surprise, but the animal should absolutely not be a surprise. The decision should be based on many conversations. Everyone involved should understand the long term consequences, children included.(时机可能会让人感到意外，但动物绝对不应该让人感到意外。这个决定应该建立在多次谈话的基础上。包括儿童在内的所有相关人员都应该了解长期后果。)”可知，在领养动物前，家庭成员都应该了解领养动物的责任所在。选项G“Responsibilities can be assigned to them even before their new pet arrives.(甚至在他们的新宠物到来之前，责任就已经分配给他们了。)”延续上文内容，指的是在动物到家之前，每个人都已经了解了自己的责任。故选G。
【18题详解】
根据空前“Next, you’ll choose whether to adopt from a shelter or rescue.(接下来，你要选择从收容所收养还是从救援机构收养。)”可知，我们需要确定收容所收养还是从救援机构收养。而下文“On the other hand, rescues are smaller and funded by donations. They often rely on fosters to house animals.(另一方面，救援机构规模较小，资金来自捐赠。他们经常依靠饲养员来饲养动物。)”介绍的是救援机构的动物。由此可知，空处指的是收容所的情况。选项C“Shelters tend to be larger and quicker to process applications.(收容所往往更大，处理申请的速度也更快。)”与上下文内容相符。故选C。
【19题详解】
空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文内容“Applications and their processing times vary and can include tasks like proving that your landlord allows pets. Check to see if applying online is possible. If you’re applying in person, make sure you know what to bring.(申请及其处理时间各不相同，可能包括证明房东允许养宠物之类的任务。检查一下是否可以在网上申请。如果你是亲自申请，确保你知道要带什么。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是我们要申请成为收养人。选项D“Whichever you choose, apply and become approved as an adopter first.(无论你选择哪一种，首先申请并被批准为收养人。)”与下文内容相一致，指的是我们应该申请成为收养人。故选D。
【20题详解】
根据上文“If you’re worried about the huge responsibility of choosing the pet for your child, you can wrap a leash (牵引绳)or a pet bag as the gift, and then take the future pet owner to the shelter.(如果你担心为孩子选择宠物的责任巨大，你可以用牵引绳或宠物袋作为礼物，然后带未来的宠物主人去收容所。)”可知，作者建议可以让孩子参与收养动物的过程。选项F“Involving your child in the selection process adds to the whole experience.(让你的孩子参与到选择过程中会增加整个体验。)”与上文内容相符，指的是让孩子参与收养动物的过程。故选F。
第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
City walk gains popularity among young Chinese. Different from the fast-paced “special forces style” (特种部队式) tourism, city walk is ____21____ and not very purposeful.
To a certain extent, “special forces style” tourism is just a(n) ____22____ of regular travel, where young people spend 24 hours in a city with the same travel guides and check-in list. By comparison, city walk allows people to explore a city ____23____ without deliberately joining the ____24____ at popular tourist spots or waiting in ____25____ lines outside popular restaurants for hours. People ____26____ the past and present of a city as a local resident. After all, time is not ____27____ and the need for travel is not so pressing any more.
While “special forces style” tourists ____28____ fast pace and purposefulness, city walkers are completely slow and free. What really matters is ____29____ wandering. People expect that a trip frees themselves from high _____30_____ and repetitive daily life. Since such words as leisure, _____31_____ and purposelessness are associated with city walk, it seems not difficult to understand why young people are _____32_____ about it.
When we were children in school, 45 minutes of class was worth a 10 minute _____33_____. As we have _____34_____ and started working hard, we always want to _____35_____ freedom in life during free time. City walk is a path where we can freely choose, plan, and explore.
21. A. costly B. leisurely C. brief D. normal
22. A. innovation B. lesson C. repetition D. secret
23. A. eagerly B. rapidly C. freely D. precisely
24. A. sellers B. crowds C. audiences D. hosts
25 A. quiet B. straight C. formal D. long
26. A. discover B. develop C. remember D. determine
27. A. abundant B. unique C. precious D. urgent
28. A. ignore B. understand C. emphasize D. explain
29. A. aimless B. occasional C. individual D. meaningless
30. A. reputation B. tension C. expectation D. recognition
31. A. creativity B. efficiency C. speed D. relaxation
32. A. anxious B. particular C. enthusiastic D. cautious
33. A. break B. leave C. discussion D. exercise
34. A. stood up B. grown up C. teamed up D. shown up
35. A. escape B. spread C. restrict D. pursue
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. D 32. C 33. A 34. B 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了城市漫步在年轻中国人中越来越流行的现象，并将其与“特种兵式”旅游进行了对比。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与快节奏的“特种兵式”旅游不同，城市漫步是悠闲的，不太有目的性。A. costly昂贵的；B. leisurely悠闲的；C. brief简短的；D. normal正常的。根据“While “special forces style” tourists ____8____ fast pace and purposefulness, city walkers are completely slow and free. What really matters is ____9____ wandering.”可知，城市漫步是悠闲的。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在某种程度上，“特种兵式”旅游只是常规旅行的一种重复，年轻人在一个城市花 24 小时使用相同的旅行指南和入住清单。A. innovation创新；B. lesson课程；C. repetition重复；D. secret秘密。根据“where young people spend 24 hours in a city with the same travel guides and check-in list.”可知，年轻人在一个城市花 24 小时，使用同样的旅行指南和入住清单，这是常规旅行的一种重复。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：相比之下，城市漫步可以让人们自由地探索一个城市，而不必刻意在热门旅游景点加入人群，也不必在热门餐厅外排几个小时的长队。A. eagerly急切地；B. rapidly迅速地；C. freely自由地；D. precisely精确地。根据“without deliberately joining the ____4____ at popular tourist spots or waiting in ____5____ lines outside popular restaurants for hours.”可知，城市漫步可以让人们自由地探索一个城市。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：相比之下，城市漫步可以让人们自由地探索一个城市，而不必刻意在热门旅游景点加入人群，也不必在热门餐厅外排几个小时的长队。A. seller卖家；B. crowds人群；C. audiences观众；D. hosts主人。根据“at popular tourist spots or waiting in ____5____ lines outside popular restaurants for hours.”可知，此处是指加入在热门旅游景点或在热门餐厅外排长队的人群。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相比之下，城市漫步可以让人们自由地探索一个城市，而不必刻意在热门旅游景点加入人群，也不必在热门餐厅外排几个小时的长队。A. quiet安静的；B. straight直的；C. formal正式的；D. long长的。根据“lines outside popular restaurants for hours.”和常识可知，热门餐厅外往往都排着长队。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为当地居民，人们发现一个城市的过去和现在。A. discover发现；B. develop发展；C. remember记得；D. determine决定。根据“as a local resident.”可知，城市漫步让旅行者作为一个当地居民，去发现一个城市的过去和现在。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，时间并不紧迫，旅行的需要也不再那么紧迫了。A. abundant充足的；B. unique独特的；C. precious珍贵的；D. urgent紧急的。根据“and the need for travel is not so pressing any more.”可知，作为当地居民，旅行的时间并不紧迫。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“特种兵式”的游客强调快节奏和目的性，而城市漫步者则完全是缓慢而自由的。A. ignore忽视；B. understand理解；C. emphasize强调；D. explain解释。while表示对比，根据“city walkers are completely slow and free.”可知，“特种兵式”旅游的游客强调旅游的快节奏和目的性。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：真正重要的是漫无目的的闲逛。A. aimless无目的的；B. occasional偶尔的；C. individual个人的；D. meaningless无意义的。根据“city walkers are completely slow and free.”可知，城市漫步的游客完全是自由和无目的的。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们期望通过旅行将自己从高度紧张和重复的日常生活中解放出来。A. reputation名声；B. tension紧张；C. expectation期待；D. recognition 识别。根据“and repetitive daily life.”可知，人们旅行的目的是从高度紧生活中解放出来。张故选B。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：既然休闲、放松和无目的是与城市漫步相关的词汇，那么年轻人对它如此热衷也就不足为奇了。A. creativity创造力；B. efficiency效率；C. speed速度；D. relaxation放松。根据“Since such words as leisure,”和“and purposelessness are associated with city walk,”可知，年轻人热衷城市漫步是因为其具有休闲、放松和无目的性。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：既然休闲、放松和无目的是与城市漫步相关的词汇，那么年轻人对它如此热衷也就不足为奇了。A. anxious焦虑的；B. particular特别的；C. enthusiastic热情的；D. cautious谨慎的。根据“Since such words as leisure, ____11____ and purposelessness are associated with city walk,”可知，城市漫步具有休闲、放松和无目的的特点，所以年轻人热衷与此。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们还是孩子的时候，45分钟的课程值得10分钟的休息。A. break休息；B. leave离开；C. discussion讨论；D. exercise锻炼。根据“When we were children in school,”可知，这里指学校课间10分钟的休息。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当我们长大并开始工作时，我们总是想要在自由时间里放松。A. stood up站起来；B. grown up长大；C. teamed up组队；D. shown up出现。根据“and started working hard, we always want to ____15____ freedom in life during free time.”可知，长大后开始工作，总希望在自由时间里放松。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们长大并开始努力工作时，我们总是希望在空闲时间追求生活中的自由。A. escape逃离；B. spread传播；C. restrict限制；D. pursue追求。根据“As we have ____14____ and started working hard,”可知，工作时，希望在空闲时间追求生活中的自由。故选D。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It’s a race against time. Generations of cultural heritage conservators at the Dunhuang Academy worked hard ____36____(preserve)the artistic charm of the Mogao Caves, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, despite erosion (侵蚀) by sand and wind.
Over the past three decades, the team members ____37____ (restore) the 45,000 square meters of murals (壁画) and more than 2,400 painted sculptures of the 735 caves of the site, the construction of ____38____ lasts for about a thousand years “Our work, repairing murals and painted sculptures, ____39____ (be) to promote the great Dunhuang spirit of inclusiveness to the world and inspires modern people,” says Su Bomin, director of the Dunhuang Academy.
The restorers should respect the original work while ____40____ (repair) it. When they find some parts of murals missing or fading away, they never repaint them to create ____41____ “perfect” appearance in restoration “Cultural relics are ____42____(witness)of history,” explains Su “When you seek the so called perfect look ____43____ artistic reasons, you will lose their key meaning.”
Cave conservation is about solving problems ____44____ (continuous) It is a long term process, over a much _____45_____ (wide) time span that goes beyond our lifetimes. But at least, they can keep the current look of the murals for as long as possible.
【答案】36. to preserve
37. have restored
38. which 39. is
40. repairing
41. a 42. witnesses
43. for 44. continuously
45. wider
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍敦煌莫高窟的文化遗产保护工作，解释了文物保护的重要性、面临的挑战以及如何进行保护和修复。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管受到风沙侵蚀，敦煌研究院的几代文化遗产保护人员努力保护莫高窟的艺术魅力。非谓语动词担当目的状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to preserve。
【37题详解】
考查时态。句意：在过去的三十年里，团队成员已经修复了45000平方米的壁画和2400多座彩雕，这些壁画和彩雕的建造持续了大约一千年。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“over the past three decades”可知，本句时态为现在完成时。故填have restored。
【38题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：在过去的三十年里，团队成员已经修复了45000平方米的壁画和2400多座彩雕，这些壁画和彩雕的建造持续了大约一千年。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“the 45,000 square meters of murals(壁画)and more than 2,400 painted sculptures of the 735 caves of the site”，在定语从句中担当介词of后的宾语，用关系代词which。故填which。
【39题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“我们的工作，修复壁画和彩雕，是为了弘扬伟大的敦煌精神，向世界包容，激励现代人，”敦煌研究院院长苏波民说。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为“our work”，单数，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。
【40题详解】
考查状语从句的省略。句意：修复者在修复时应尊重原作。这里为状语从句的省略，状语从句的主语为主句主语，即“The restorers”，完整形式为“while they are repairing”，可省略为“while repairing”。故填repairing。
【41题详解】
考查冠词。句意：当他们发现壁画的某些部分丢失或褪色时，他们从不重新粉刷，以创造一个“完美”的修复外观。修饰可数名词单数，表示泛指，用不定冠词。故填a。
【42题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：“文物是历史的见证，”苏解释说，“当你因为艺术原因而寻求所谓的完美外观时，你将失去其关键意义。”根据空前的“are”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填witnesses。
【43题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：“文物是历史的见证，”苏解释说，“当你因为艺术原因而寻求所谓的完美外观时，你将失去其关键意义。”固定短语：look for，意为“寻求”，符合句意。故填for。
【44题详解】
考查副词。句意：洞穴保护就是要不断解决问题。修饰动词“solve”用副词形式。故填continuously。
【45题详解】
考查比较级。句意：这是一个长期的过程，时间跨度远超过我们的一生。根据句意以及空前的“much”可推测，空处为形容词比较级形式。故填wider。
第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假如你是李华，学校计划每周利用一节体育课为学生开设烹饪等与生活技能相关的课程，校英文报正在征求学生意见。请给该报投稿，内容包括：
1.表达观点；
2.陈述理由；
3.提出建议。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Editor,
I’m Li Hua, a student from Class 9.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Editor,
I’m Li Hua, a student from Class 9. I think it’s a good idea for our school to introduce cooking and life skills classes during one PE class per week. The reasons are as follows.
To begin with, by learning basic life skills like cooking, we students can learn how to take care of ourselves and live independently, which are crucial for our future development. Besides, learning cooking and other life skills will encourage us to explore and experiment with different ingredients and techniques, allowing us to express ourselves and work together effectively.
My suggestion is that the school can make use of the after-school activities to make up for the reduced PE class. By offering more sports and exercise options during this time, students can still engage in physical activities and maintain a balanced lifestyle.
Hopefully, my suggestion will be taken into consideration.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文写作中的稿件。要求考生向校英文报投稿，就学校计划每周利用一节体育课为学生开设烹饪等与生活技能相关的课程给出自己的看法。
【详解】1.词汇积累
首先：to begin with→ first of all
照顾：take care of→ look after
至关重要的：crucial→ critical
此外：besides→ what’s more
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Besides, learning cooking and other life skills will encourage us to explore and experiment with different ingredients and techniques, allowing us to express ourselves and work together effectively.
拓展句：Besides, learning cooking and other life skills will encourage us to explore and experiment with different ingredients and techniques, which will allow us to express ourselves and work together effectively.
【点睛】【高分句型1】To begin with, by learning basic life skills like cooking, we students can learn how to take care of ourselves and live independently, which are crucial for our future development.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】My suggestion is that the school can make use of the after-school activities to make up for the reduced PE class.（运用了that引导的表语从句）
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was a Saturday. Whether it was sunny or cloudy, hot or cold, I cannot remember, but I do remember it was a Saturday because the mall was full of people.
I was with my mom. It is easy to miss her in a crowd simply because she is so ordinary. On that day we walked casually, taking quick looks at the store windows because we both knew we wouldn’t be buying much, like always.
I remember I was looking up at the people passing by — at first uninterestedly, but then more carefully. Ladies wore bright and elegant clothing. They had no wrinkles (皱纹) on their faces ——wiped away with expensive creams. An uneasy feeling started to settle in my chest. I tried to push it out, but failed. It got more unbearable with every second until I could deny it no longer: I was ashamed of my mother.
We were in a high-class neighborhood, living in a small, expensive apartment building that Mom chose to move to because she knew the schools were good. We were in a high-class neighborhood, but as I observed the passers-by and then turned my eyes on Mom, I realized for the first time that we didn’t belong there. I could see the wrinkles around Mom’s eyes and mouth, because she didn’t use any creams. She dressed in cheap, worn-out clothes. Her eyes were tired from working long hours to make a living and her hair too grey for her age.
I looked at her, feeling ashamed. My mom is nothing extraordinary, yet at that moment she stood out because she was just so plain. Telling her to wait for me around the corner, I hurried away to the bathroom and didn’t want to be seen with her. On the way to the bathroom, my eyes couldn’t help falling on beautiful dresses. Each dress seemed like a work of art with delicate patterns. However, my heart sank as I knew they were far beyond my reach, further reducing my desire to return.
注意：
1.续写词数应为 150 左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
When I finally went back unwillingly, I found that Mom wasn’t there.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Mom stood in a fancy store, holding a girl’s dress that looked much too expensive.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】When I finally went back unwillingly, I found that Mom wasn’t there. I had no choice but to search the nearby stores for her. As I went from one shop to another, anxiety filled my stomach. The lingering shame continued to burden my thoughts, whispering negative words. Each store I entered reminded me of my mother’s absence, increasing my growing fear. The concerned looks from other shoppers seemed to match my own judgment. Why couldn’t she be like other mothers — polished, and stylish My unhappiness for our differences grew, fueling my annoyance. Suddenly, my eyes landed on a high-end store, and there I finally saw Mom.
Mom stood in a fancy store, holding a girl’s dress that looked much too expensive. As I approached her, she exclaimed, “This will look good on you. Do you want it ” I knew it was far too expensive, but I almost agreed, carelessly, and thoughtlessly. Then I took a closer look at Mom. She was so small and weary, clothes worn and old. But a big smile stretched across her face, for she was happy to give me something so nice. My words died in my throat. She looked so tired all the time because she was busy working to provide for me. At that moment, Mom was beautiful and extraordinary in my eyes. I was no longer ashamed of her, but of myself.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者对母亲态度的转变，作者最初对母亲感到羞耻，因为她看起来普通，穿着破旧的衣服。然而，当作者看到母亲在高档商店里为自己挑选裙子时，她意识到母亲虽然平凡，但她的爱和付出是无价的。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“当我不情愿地回去时，我发现妈妈已经不在那儿了。”以及第二段首句内容“妈妈站在一家高档商店里，手里拿着一件女孩穿的裙子，看起来太贵了。”可知，第一段可描写作者挨个商店寻找妈妈，心情越发糟糕。
②由第二段首句内容“妈妈站在一家高档商店里，手里拿着一件女孩穿的裙子，看起来太贵了。”可知，第二段可描写作者的妈妈为作者挑了一件漂亮的裙子，作者也明白了妈妈对自己的爱是多么的无私。
2.续写线索：发现妈妈不在身边——找妈妈，心情也越发糟糕——在一家高档商店看到了妈妈——妈妈要为作者买昂贵的裙子——作者明白了妈妈无私的爱
3.词汇激活
行为类
①别无选择，只能……：have no choice but to/have no alternative but to
②继续：continue/go on
③增长：grow/increase
情绪类
①担忧的：concerned/worried
②生气：annoyance/anger
【点睛】【高分句型1】As I went from one shop to another, anxiety filled my stomach.（运用了as引导的状语从句）
【高分句型2】She looked so tired all the time because she was busy working to provide for me.（运用了because引导的原因状语从句）龙岗区2023-2024学年第一学期高三期末质量监测
英语试卷
注意事项：
1.本试卷共8页，满分 120分，折算成130分计入总分。 考试用时 120分钟。
2.答题前，请将学校、班级、姓名和考号用规定的笔写在答题卡指定的位置上， 并将条形码粘贴在答题卡的贴条形码区。请保持条形码整洁、不污损。
3.本卷试题，考生必须在答题卡上按规定作答; 凡在试卷、草稿纸上作答的，其答案一律无效。答题卡必须保持清洁，不能折叠。
4.选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔将答题卡选择题答题区内对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案; 非选择题答案必须用规定的笔，按作答题目的序号，写在答题卡非选择题答题区内。
5.考试结束，请将答题卡交回。
第二部分阅读(共两节，满分 50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Calling All Science Lovers
PacSci is always seeking exceptionally talented people who believe deeply in our mission and reflect our diverse community. PacSci offers a variety of job opportunities, from entry-level positions to management roles, all with opportunities to learn, and grow.
Is this you
·Intensely curious and motivated
·Passion for science and science education
·Team player
·Service-oriented
You might find yourself
·Interpreting exhibits
·Running planetarium(天文馆)shows
·Rowing down River Mercer Slough with summer campers
·Tending to the tropical tree leaves in our Butterfly House
·Managing details for private event sales
·Making things run smoothly behind the scenes
Benefits and bonus
·Exciting location in Seattle Center
·Easy access to public transportation(take the Monorail to work!)
·100% employer paid medical, dental, and vision benefit options
·Approximately 4 weeks of paid vacation plus 12 paid holidays annually
·Annual membership including unlimited admission and other great benefits
·Regular opportunities to learn, grow, and develop new skills across departments and projects
Each PacSci team member plays a vital role in fulfilling our mission: to stimulate curiosity in every child and fuel a passion for discovery, experimentation, and critical thinking in all of us. Join our team to help expand access to science, in the Pacific Northwest and beyond!
1. What is required of a PacSci member
A. Prior experience. B. Language skills.
C. Cooperative spirit. D. Academic background.
2. Which of the following may be included in the job responsibilities at PacSci
A. Hosting talent shows.
B. Holding science exhibitions.
C. Planting tropical trees.
D. Accompanying summer campers.
3. When working at PacSci, you can have ________.
A. unlimited vacation days
B. self-improvement opportunities
C. free public transportation
D. discounted annual membership
B
After the death of her nature-loving mother, Margaret Renkl tenderly placed in an antique jar the “soft white hair” left behind in her mother’s hairbrush. Years passed. When it no longer carried the scent (气味) she treasured, Renkl laid the hair across a tree branch in her yard. This act was meant as a direct invitation to the birds in her yard, and it was accepted: A bird used the hair for the nest it was building.
Renkl devotes only a half-page to this story, but it conveys the beautiful interaction of human and other animal lives at the heart of The Comfort of Crows. Starting in winter and continuing through the seasonal round, Renkl brings alive in 52 chapters her love for the animals and plants in her half-acre (半英亩) yard in Tennessee and in nearby parks. Equally moving, she admits her desperation at the human-caused crisis the natural world faces, and her determination not to back off.
Her determination is more than lip service. She cures a neighborhood fox against a skin disease, with the help of a trap, a bit of bacon, and advice from an animal doctor; ensures that leaves from the trees in her yard are not gathered so that insects overwinter and hungry birds can dine there; fills a garden with milkweed in support of monarch butterflies.
With these steps, Renkl refuses to give up in the face of human-caused global warming that is changing our environment and harming other species. In these days of climate crisis, the phenomenon of ecological anxiety is real. In order to seize opportunities to help, many of us do require fuel to restore our spirits. Find that fuel in Renkl’s chapters of The Comfort of Crows. The animals and plants so cherished by Renkl need us now more than ever.
4. What is the central theme of Renkl’s The Comfort of Crows
A. Personal preference towards country life. B. Fond memories of close family members.
C. Profound disappointment at climate crisis. D. Amazing interactions between man and nature.
5. What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A. Renkl’s efforts in protecting animals. B. Renkl’s service in the neighborhood.
C. Renkl’s attempts to treat an injured fox. D. Renkl’s determination to preserve the yard.
6. What is Renkl’s attitude towards global warming
A. Indifferent yet realistic. B. Concerned yet active.
C Pessimistic yet tolerant. D. Regretful yet hopeful.
7. What is the purpose of this text
A. To introduce the beauty of rural life. B. To present the daily routine of Renkl.
C. To recommend an inspirational book. D. To provide advice on nature protection.
C
Imagine that you’ve just finished taking a multiple-choice test, and you start to second-guess one of your answers. You have some extra time — should you stick to your first instinct (直觉) or change it About three quarters of students are convinced that changing their answers will hurt their scores. Experience indicates that many who change answers change to the wrong answer.
Despite the lessons of experience, what does evidence say In a review of thirty-three studies, three psychologists found that the majority of answer changes were from wrong to right. Teachers have also found that students’ final exams have few eraser marks, but those who do rethink their first answers rather than sticking to them end up improving their scores. This phenomenon is known as the first instinct fallacy (谬误).
We don’t just hesitate to rethink our answers. We hesitate at the very idea of rethinking. Take an experiment where hundreds of college students learned about the first instinct fallacy for example. Researchers taught them about the value of changing their minds and gave them advice on when it makes sense to do so. In their next two tests, they were still unlikely to change their answers.
Part of the problem is cognitive (认知的) laziness. Psychologists point out that we favor the comfort of firmly-held beliefs over the discomfort of doubt. Questioning ourselves makes the world more unpredictable. It requires us to admit that the facts may have changed, and that what was once right may now be wrong.
We’ve all heard about the popular story where a frog would immediately escape if dropped into boiling hot water, but it would stay if the water was gradually heated. However, it isn’t true.
The frog will escape as soon as the water gets uncomfortably warm. It is just once we hear the story and accept it as true, we rarely bother to question it. So, it’s not so much changing your answer that improves your score as considering whether you should change it.
8. What is a common belief among students when they take tests
A. Changing answers is a risk.
B First instinct harms their scores.
C. Reviewing answers is a must.
D. Second-guessing improves their scores.
9. What might college students be taught concerning the first instinct fallacy
A. Changing one’s mind hurts.
B. First instinct should be ignored.
C Seeking others’ advice helps.
D. First answers can be challenged.
10. Why does the author mention the story of a frog
A. To raise questions about the story.
B. To stress the importance of escaping.
C. To convey the frog’s lesson of survival.
D. To illustrate our resistance to questioning.
11. What is a suitable title for the text
A. Rethinking: the Art of Doubt
B. First Instinct is Not to Be Trusted
C. Changing: From Right to Wrong
D. Changing Answers Improves Scores
D
When you eagerly dig into a long-awaited dinner, it’s traditionally believed that signals from your stomach to your brain stop you eating so much. However, a research team recently discovered that it’s our sense of taste that immediately pulls us back from eating food overly on a hungry day. Stimulated by the perception of flavor, a set of brain cells become active to quickly curtail food intake.
Previous studies have suggested that the food taste may control how fast we eat, but it’s been impossible to study relevant brain activities during eating because brain cells that control this process are located deep in our brains, making them hard to access or record in an awake animal. New techniques developed by the team allowed for the first-ever imaging and recording of a brainstem structure critical for feeling full, called NTS, in an active mouse.
The new study found that when researchers put food directly into the mouse’s stomach, brain cells called PRLH were activated by signals from the gut (消化道), in line with traditional thinking. However, when they allowed the mice to eat the food as they normally would, those signals from the gut didn’t show up. Instead, the PRLH brain cells switched to a new activity pattern that was entirely controlled by signals from the mouth. “It’s astonishing that these cells were activated by the perception of taste,” said researchers. “It shows that there are other components of the appetite-control system that deserves our attention.”
The PRLH-activated slowdown also makes sense in terms of timing. The taste of food allows PRLH to switch their activity in seconds. In contrast, another group of brain cells, called CGC, takes several minutes to respond to signals from the gut. The good thing is that CGC can hold back hunger for a much longer time. These two sets of brain cells interact to work together: one uses taste to slow down eating, while the other signals that you are full.
Understanding how body signals regulate appetite could improve weight-loss programs for the overweight by making use of interactions between signals from different brain cell sets.
12. What does the underline word “curtail” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A. Activate. B. Limit. C. Expand. D. Assist.
13. What is the limitation of previous studies according to paragraph 2
A. Inadequate technologies.
B. Inefficient funds.
C. Unqualified professionals.
D. Improper methods.
14. What did the new study find about PRLH brain cells when the mice normally ate
A. They helped stimulate the mice’s appetite.
B. They encouraged the mice to speed up eating.
C. They were activated by signals from the mouth.
D. They were controlled by signals from the stomach.
15. What is the function of CGC brain cells
A. To slow down eating speed.
B. To improve the digestion system.
C. To extend the feeling of fullness.
D. To interact with signals from taste.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
You know the scene: A child runs downstairs in pajamas to unwrap her holiday presents and sheds joyful tears as she hugs a new puppy rescued from a shelter. The music builds up, hearts double in size and faith in humanity is restored. ____16____ Before taking that step, there are a few things to consider.
First is the element of surprise. The timing could be a surprise, but the animal should absolutely not be a surprise. The decision should be based on many conversations. Everyone involved should understand the long term consequences, children included.____17____
Next, you’ll choose whether to adopt from a shelter or rescue. ____18____ The y are across the country flooded with lovable animals. They also offer physical locations where you can meet a lot of animals at once. On the other hand, rescues are smaller and funded by donations. They often rely on fosters to house animals.
____19____Applications and their processing times vary and can include tasks like proving that your landlord allows pets. Check to see if applying online is possible. If you’re applying in person, make sure you know what to bring.
If you’re worried about the huge responsibility of choosing the pet for your child, you can wrap a leash (牵引绳)or a pet bag as the gift, and then take the future pet owner to the shelter. ____20____ This step will be more meaningful and memorable than just having an animal show up at your door.
A. Now, you can welcome the lovely one with open arms.
B. Nothing is more beautiful than seeing your child smile.
C. Shelters tend to be larger and quicker to process applications.
D. Whichever you choose, apply and become approved as an adopter first.
E. While it is sweet, giving a living creature as a gift isn’t a light decision.
F. Involving your child in the selection process adds to the whole experience.
G. Responsibilities can be assigned to them even before their new pet arrives.
第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
City walk gains popularity among young Chinese. Different from the fast-paced “special forces style” (特种部队式) tourism, city walk is ____21____ and not very purposeful.
To a certain extent, “special forces style” tourism is just a(n) ____22____ of regular travel, where young people spend 24 hours in a city with the same travel guides and check-in list. By comparison, city walk allows people to explore a city ____23____ without deliberately joining the ____24____ at popular tourist spots or waiting in ____25____ lines outside popular restaurants for hours. People ____26____ the past and present of a city as a local resident. After all, time is not ____27____ and the need for travel is not so pressing any more.
While “special forces style” tourists ____28____ fast pace and purposefulness, city walkers are completely slow and free. What really matters is ____29____ wandering. People expect that a trip frees themselves from high _____30_____ and repetitive daily life. Since such words as leisure, _____31_____ and purposelessness are associated with city walk, it seems not difficult to understand why young people are _____32_____ about it.
When we were children in school, 45 minutes of class was worth a 10 minute _____33_____. As we have _____34_____ and started working hard, we always want to _____35_____ freedom in life during free time. City walk is a path where we can freely choose, plan, and explore.
21. A. costly B. leisurely C. brief D. normal
22. A. innovation B. lesson C. repetition D. secret
23. A. eagerly B. rapidly C. freely D. precisely
24. A. sellers B. crowds C. audiences D. hosts
25. A. quiet B. straight C. formal D. long
26. A. discover B. develop C. remember D. determine
27. A. abundant B. unique C. precious D. urgent
28. A. ignore B. understand C. emphasize D. explain
29 A. aimless B. occasional C. individual D. meaningless
30. A. reputation B. tension C. expectation D. recognition
31. A. creativity B. efficiency C. speed D. relaxation
32. A. anxious B. particular C. enthusiastic D. cautious
33. A. break B. leave C. discussion D. exercise
34. A. stood up B. grown up C. teamed up D. shown up
35. A. escape B. spread C. restrict D. pursue
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It’s a race against time. Generations of cultural heritage conservators at the Dunhuang Academy worked hard ____36____(preserve)the artistic charm of the Mogao Caves, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, despite erosion (侵蚀) by sand and wind.
Over the past three decades, the team members ____37____ (restore) the 45,000 square meters of murals (壁画) and more than 2,400 painted sculptures of the 735 caves of the site, the construction of ____38____ lasts for about a thousand years “Our work, repairing murals and painted sculptures, ____39____ (be) to promote the great Dunhuang spirit of inclusiveness to the world and inspires modern people,” says Su Bomin, director of the Dunhuang Academy.
The restorers should respect the original work while ____40____ (repair) it. When they find some parts of murals missing or fading away, they never repaint them to create ____41____ “perfect” appearance in restoration “Cultural relics are ____42____(witness)of history,” explains Su “When you seek the so called perfect look ____43____ artistic reasons, you will lose their key meaning.”
Cave conservation is about solving problems ____44____ (continuous) It is a long term process, over a much _____45_____ (wide) time span that goes beyond our lifetimes. But at least, they can keep the current look of the murals for as long as possible.
第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假如你是李华，学校计划每周利用一节体育课为学生开设烹饪等与生活技能相关的课程，校英文报正在征求学生意见。请给该报投稿，内容包括：
1.表达观点；
2.陈述理由；
3.提出建议。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Editor,
I’m Li Hua, a student from Class 9.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was a Saturday. Whether it was sunny or cloudy, hot or cold, I cannot remember, but I do remember it was a Saturday because the mall was full of people.
I was with my mom. It is easy to miss her in a crowd simply because she is so ordinary. On that day we walked casually, taking quick looks at the store windows because we both knew we wouldn’t be buying much, like always.
I remember I was looking up at the people passing by — at first uninterestedly, but then more carefully. Ladies wore bright and elegant clothing. They had no wrinkles (皱纹) on their faces ——wiped away with expensive creams. An uneasy feeling started to settle in my chest. I tried to push it out, but failed. It got more unbearable with every second until I could deny it no longer: I was ashamed of my mother.
We were in a high-class neighborhood, living in a small, expensive apartment building that Mom chose to move to because she knew the schools were good. We were in a high-class neighborhood, but as I observed the passers-by and then turned my eyes on Mom, I realized for the first time that we didn’t belong there. I could see the wrinkles around Mom’s eyes and mouth, because she didn’t use any creams. She dressed in cheap, worn-out clothes. Her eyes were tired from working long hours to make a living and her hair too grey for her age.
I looked at her, feeling ashamed. My mom is nothing extraordinary, yet at that moment she stood out because she was just so plain. Telling her to wait for me around the corner, I hurried away to the bathroom and didn’t want to be seen with her. On the way to the bathroom, my eyes couldn’t help falling on beautiful dresses. Each dress seemed like a work of art with delicate patterns. However, my heart sank as I knew they were far beyond my reach, further reducing my desire to return.
注意：
1.续写词数应为 150 左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
When I finally went back unwillingly, I found that Mom wasn’t there.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Mom stood in a fancy store, holding a girl’s dress that looked much too expensive.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
