绝密★启用前
试卷类型：A
2023-2024学年度第一学期期末质量检测
高三英语
2024. 1
注意事项：
1. 答卷前, 考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时, 选出每小题答案后, 用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动, 用橡皮擦干净后, 再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时, 将答案写在答题卡上, 写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后, 将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The famous magazine, Runner’s World, has chosen some of the best, most difficult and enjoyable UK races.
Top of the Wolds 10K Challenge
This 10-km countryside track in Yorkshire is all fun until you take the left turn at Nunburnholme. At this point, you enter a serious uphill part, but thankfully the uphill part only lasts for around 1.5 km. You’ll have about a kilometre to enjoy the views before the way takes you downhill again, and back to where you started in Warter — a cute little village.
Scurry2Bridges Run
This 161-km relay race is divided into 16 parts, so you each run 4 separate parts. Over the course of this day-long adventure, you’ll each run about marathon distance while the workers will drive around for pick-ups and drop-offs at relay exchange points between the start in Dundee and the finish in Edinburgh.
Scafell Sky Race
Here’s a trail run (越野跑) that is not suitable for beginners. With a total of 3,500 m of ascent (上坡路), this is unquestionably one of the hardest events around. Good thing is that the views are beautiful, and that there’s hot food and a bottle of apple juice waiting for you in the end.
Offa’s Dyke 15
The traditional 15-mile distance begins at the Clock Tower in Hay-on-Wye and includes a few hard climbs before finishing in Kington. This year the hard event has added a challenging 10 km around Kington.
1. What do we know about Scurry2Bridges Run
A. It is a 161-mile relay race. B. It has an uphill part about 16 km.
C. It requires runners to run and drive. D. It is a relay race made up of 16 parts.
2. Which race best suits racers who want to enjoy food at the end of a race
A. Top of the Wolds 10K Challenge. B. Scurry2Bridges Run.
C. Scafell Sky Race. D. Offa’s Dyke 15.
3. What do the four races have in common
A. They are held in the countryside. B. They are tough but exciting races.
C. They ask runners to take part alone. D. They can provide the runners with food.
B
Dr. Elsa Olivetti has always been interested in how materials science can change the way we store energy. When she started her work at MIT, she was excited about discovering the secrets of sustainable battery production.
During her research, her main focus was on a special kind of battery, called solid-state batteries, and a material named LLZO. She discovered a big challenge: finding and getting a special material called tantalum, which is not easy to find but necessary for the production of LLZO. This inspired her to look at the whole process of making batteries beyond the laboratory, from getting the materials to producing the final product.
Dr. Olivetti and her team looked into how these materials are mined, processed, and turned into batteries. They found that if we want to use more electric cars in the future, we need to get much better at producing and delivering materials like tantalum. Then, Dr. Olivetti aims to figure out a creative solution to the challenge. She worked with industry leaders to develop sustainable mining practices and called on policy changes to support a better supply chain, which proves effective.
Dr. Olivetti stresses that her work is not meant to replace traditional methods. Instead, it’s meant to help make the battery production better by looking broadly at the things that could make energy storage efficient. Looking ahead, Dr. Olivetti remains committed to improving sustainable energy storage. She wants to make the production process less wasteful and more cost-effective, creating a future where energy storage is not only good but also kind to our planet.
Reflecting on her work, Dr. Olivetti often says that what she does is more than just science. “Each step we take towards more efficient and environmentally-friendly battery technology is a step towards a better world,” stressing the importance of curiosity and perseverance in the pursuit of scientific exploration.
4. What was Dr. Olivetti’s interest in her work at MIT
A. Making electric cars cheaper. B. Making batteries more sustainable.
C. Figuring out ways to mine materials. D. Dealing with challenges of production.
5. Why is tantalum important in Dr. Olivetti’s research
A. It reduces production costs. B. It helps sustainable mining.
C. It is a common battery material. D. It is important for LLZO production.
6. How did Dr. Olivetti deal with the challenges in battery production
A. She focused on lab experiments.
B. She worked with industry leaders.
C. She developed a new type of electric car.
D. She replaced old methods with modern ones.
7. What is the passage mainly about
A. The Science of Battery. B. The Future of Electric Cars.
C. The Importance of Tantalum. D. The Work on Better Batteries.
C
It’s known that reading is good for a child’s vocabulary and literacy skills, teaching them math or science concepts and helping them learn history. Apart from those, reading has another benefit. Have you read a story and felt tears well up because of a character’s suffering If so, that is because you have empathy (共鸣) for the character — and empathy can be learned through various fictions. “It’s a magic eye that sees into other people’s hearts,” explains author Cressida Cowell.
Research shows that human brains react differently to stories and facts. “Many more areas of your brain light up when you’re enjoying a story,” explains Miranda McKearney from EmpathyLab, an organization that builds empathy through reading. “Your brain thinks you are in the story… This means you experience the characters’ thoughts as if they are real.”
Empathy helps you to read people’s emotions and work out the best way to respond. This skill, called emotional intelligence, can make it easier to communicate and connect with people. Research has shown that building empathy can lead to greater kindness and tolerance. One study found that children who read the Harry Potter novels — which tell stories about humans fighting against the evil — were less likely to behave unfairly towards powerless groups including refugees (难民).
This theory has been put into practice by St Michael’s Primary School. After reading The Boy at the Back of the Class — a story about a boy who is a refugee escaping from the war — students in that school were inspired to do a 10-mile walk for the non-profit organization Refugee Action. Their empathy also spurred them to raise 1,000 for people who were forced to leave their homes because of war.
Reading encourages children to empathise with others, which could potentially lead to several beneficial learning outcomes, new research suggests. For society to develop, creative, communicative and empathetic individuals really matter.
8. Why do readers cry about a character’s experience
A. They have magic eyes. B. They want to show empathy.
C. They understand his feelings D. They have the same experience.
9. What does the author show by referring to the Harry Potter novels
A. The process of building empathy.
B. The benefits of developing empathy.
C. The definition of emotional intelligence.
D. The results of the school’s activity.
10. What does the underlined word “spurred” mean in paragraph 4
A. Reminded. B. Permitted. C. Persuaded. D. Encouraged.
11 What might the author advise children to do
A. Read to learn empathy.
B. Become empathetic to others.
C. Put themselves in others’ shoes.
D. Read as many books as possible.
D
While conducting a survey by airplane of northern Guatemala, researchers detected an ancient Maya site. “We can now see the entire landscape of the Maya region” in this section of Guatemala, said Carlos Morales-Aguilar, one of the researchers from the Department of Geography and the Environment at the University of Texas.
The findings were the result of the survey using lidar (雷达), or light detection and ranging, which has been revolutionary for studying historic sites. In lidar, lasers are sent out and the reflected light is used to create imagery of a landscape. The technology is particularly beneficial in areas with limited visibility such as the rainforest in maya site, as lasers can enter the heavy tree canopy, the thick cover formed by the leafy upper branches in a forest.
The lidar data showed “for the first time an area that was integrated politically and economically, and never seen before in other places in the Western Hemisphere (西半球),” Carlos wrote in the study. Using data from the scans, the team identified more than 1, 000 settlements dotting the region. They were interconnected by 100 miles of causeways that the Maya likely traveled on foot. They also detected the remains of several large platforms and pyramids, along with canals and reservoirs used for water collection.
So what made this region so attractive that the Maya would want to settle there in the first place
“For the Maya the Mirador-Calakmul Karst Basin was the ‘Goldilocks Zone’,” Ross Ensley wrote, partner of Carlos, a geologist from the Institute for Geological Study of the Maya Lowlands in Houston, Texas. “The Maya settled in this region because it had the right mix of uplands for settlement and lowlands for agriculture.” Uplands lie above the level where flooding occurs. They provided a source for limestone, their primary building material, and dry land to live on. The lowlands are mostly seasonal swamps (沼泽), which provided space for wetland agriculture as well as organic-rich soil for use in terraced agriculture.
Researchers hope lidar technology will help them explore sections of Guatemala that have remained a mystery for centuries.
12 Why did the researchers use lidar in the survey
A. It detects a wide range of lasers. B. It pictures quick and clear imagery.
C. It passes lights through forests easily. D. It improves the visibility of rainforests.
13. What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A. Why Maya drew great attention. B. How Maya people made a living.
C. The research process after surveying the Maya. D. The findings through observing the Maya region.
14. What can we infer about the Maya people according to Ross Ensley
A. They transformed the land to survive. B. They were good at upland agriculture.
C. They preferred to build houses using limestone. D. They made a sound choice about where to settle.
15. Which is the best title for the text
A. The Perfect Habitat for the Maya People
B. The Secrets of the Ancient Maya Civilization
C. Revolutionary Use of Lidar Reveals Maya Settlements
D. Lidar Technology Unlocks New Discoveries of Rainforests
第二节(共5小题;每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)
Beach is a relaxing place to catch waves, get some sun, enjoy picnic, spot wildlife and go exploring. Here are tips from experts on how to be a better beachgoer, so future generations of sea lovers can get their beach therapy(疗法) when they need it.
Use safer sunblock
Many sunblocks advertise that they are “reef-friendly”, which has no firm definitions, and their usage isn’t regulated by governmental bodies. ____16____. Only purchase mineral-based sunscreens so that it won’t do harm to reefs.
Get involved
____17____ If you forget to bring one, find an abandoned bag at the beach. It may seem a little gesture, but it will help remove rubbish. By working together people can really make a difference.
Thoughtful toys for kids
It’s fun for your little ones to play with plastic toys in the sand. ____18____. They end up polluting the environment and can be accidentally eaten by animals, causing them serious harm on even killing them. Pack metal or wooden toys instead.
Read the signs
Signs at the beach aren’t optional reading. They tell you where you can’t go and what you can’t do, so you don’t mess with the local ecosystem. ____19____. They are storm barriers and home to many animals.
Destroy what you build
It doesn’t matter how much time and effort your children spent building sand castles or digging tunnels: if you are on a beach marked as a sea turtle habitat, fill in the trench and knock down the structure. Sea turtles have heavy bodies and they can die if they fall into a hole and get trapped. ____20____.
A. So it’s best to read the fine print carefully
B. Beach-goers are generally advised to stay off sand hills
C. Thus, try your best to be a considerate eco-friendly tourist
D. However, plastic toys break easily, leaving behind bits and pieces
E. Sand structures also can prevent them from reaching birthing areas
F. Bring a reusable bag to clean up while you’re walking the shoreline
G. Have your children pick up trash with you when walking on the beach
第二部分语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题1分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Everyone could use a little sunshine in their life right now, so a Wisconsin farmer ____21____ to plant more than two million sunflowers in his fields. Scott Thompson’s family has been ____22____ in Kenosha County for more than 70 years, and this is the first year that ____23____ have decorated the landscape. Usually, the pick-your-own farm ____24____ strawberries in summer and pumpkins in the fall.
Located just 10 miles from Kenosha, Wisconsin, Thompson Strawberry Farm is ____25____ people to a simpler family outing where they can picnic and take home a dozen sunflowers. Thompson and his wife thought it would be ____26____ to spread a little happiness to their ____27____.
Thompson ____28____ more than 22 acres of flowers. The flowers are planted in more than 15 fields to provide ____29____ for social distance and spread out. Word of the sunshine oasis (绿洲) has spread ____30____ through word of mouth as people come to enjoy a small ____31____ from reality. “Everyone is so ____32____ ” Thompson said. “We’ve got all these ____33____ on the NET. If I’m out in the field, everybody is like ‘Thanks for doing this,’ (and) ‘This is what I need.’ ”
In addition to sunflowers, Thompson also planted a field of wildflowers, and Mexican sunflowers that are known for ____34____ butterflies. Thompson said the sunflowers will be a ____35____ thing at the farm, even without a pandemic.
21.
A. used B. learned C. decided D. promised
22.
A. farming B. planting C. gardening D. decorating
23.
A. grasses B. trees C. leaves D. flowers
24.
A. demands of B. consists of C. searches for D. calls for
25.
A. drawing B. taking C. sending D. leading
26.
A. flexible B. convenient C. ideal D. timely
27.
A. friends B. relatives C. customers D. neighbors
28.
A. turned over B. looked at C. picked up D. ended up with
29.
A. time B. room C. service D. information
30.
A. mostly B. hardly C. possibly D. slowly
31.
A. risk B. break C. advantage D. challenge
32.
A. patient B. curious C. confident D. happy
33.
A. explanations B. inspirations C. comments D. attitudes
34.
A. attracting B. feeding C. catching D. warning
35.
A. special B. official C. similar D. regular
第二节(共10小题：每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Xuan paper is known as the “Paper of Ages” for its many unique qualities. The term Xuan paper first appeared in a book written by Tang Dynasty scholar Zhang Yanyuan, in ____36____ he described Xuan paper as ____37____ ideal carrier for calligraphy and painting.
The traditional craft of making Xuan paper is ____38____(extreme) demanding. Sandalwood bark(檀香树皮), a plant native to southern China, goes through 108 procedures together with rice straw over the course of three years ____39____ it can transform into a batch of fine Xuan paper. The entire procedure is so complex that even the most skilled craftsman can only master ____40____(limit) steps.
The flow of ink, both guided and resisted by water, ____41____(determine) the output of Chinese art, and Xuan paper outshines others with ____42____(it) excellent ability to give full play to ink. Different rates of bark to straw during the paper-making process can create different paper best suited ____43____ artistic expression in freehand ink paintings or calligraphy.
Xuan paper ____44____(accompany) the passionate brushstrokes of the Chinese artists for thousands of years. Unlike other forms of paper, it is very resistant to damage brought by time, which has made it possible _____45_____(preserve) many valuable works from ancient China.
Paper-making is a wisdom of the ancient Chinese, and Xuan paper is the peak of paper-making.
第三部分写作(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节应用文写作(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华。外教Hans要求你班同学做一个主题为“The story of an inspiring person”的小组项目。作为组长, 请你给Hans写一封邮件, 内容包括：
1. 项目设想；
2. 恳请指导。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Hans,
I am Li Hua, a student from class 5.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When Mrs. Russell finished one of her lessons, she was out of breath. A sudden burning stomachache started but she hoped her students wouldn’t notice.
“You look pale, Mrs. Russell, are you alright ” a kid, Tony, asked. Mrs. Russell tried to explain everything was alright, but the words just wouldn’t come out. She became unconscious and fell down in front of her class, and there were red and blue lights, many adults, and the sounds of children crying. An oxygen mask was then put on her.
“We’ll see what we can do for Mrs. Russell. Now all of you have to go back to class and listen to whatever Ms. Hanson tells you,” Mr. Roberts, the headmaster, tried to ask Mrs. Russell’ students to leave the office, but they wouldn’t move. Tony and Hannah were at the front of the pack. They were told Mrs. Russell needed surgery, and hospitals cost money.
“We want to have Mrs. Russell come back! She’s the best teacher ever. Please help us, Ms. Hanson, ” Hannah said, and all the kids nodded. “Kids, let’s go back to the classroom and brainstorm together about helping Mrs. Russell,” Ms. Hanson guided them back to the classroom and she instructed them to write a greeting card to Mrs. Russell.
“A card is not enough to save Mrs. Russell. She needs money to afford the surgery. We need a grown-up to help. ”Tony told his classmates at break. All the kids were thinking hard, and suddenly, Asher spoke up. “My big sister is a senior in high school. Well, I think she can make a link on a website or something. Then we can raise the money needed and help Mrs Russell!”
All the classmates agreed and went home to tell their elder brothers or sisters about this idea. Asher’s big sister, Dianne, started an online group, and she made an internet link immediately with her parents’ approval.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。
The link and the group were shared throughout the community quickly.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Mrs. Russell was back at school two months later.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________绝密★启用前
试卷类型：A
2023-2024学年度第一学期期末质量检测
高三英语
2024. 1
注意事项：
1. 答卷前, 考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时, 选出每小题答案后, 用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动, 用橡皮擦干净后, 再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时, 将答案写在答题卡上, 写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后, 将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The famous magazine, Runner’s World, has chosen some of the best, most difficult and enjoyable UK races.
Top of the Wolds 10K Challenge
This 10-km countryside track in Yorkshire is all fun until you take the left turn at Nunburnholme. At this point, you enter a serious uphill part, but thankfully the uphill part only lasts for around 1.5 km. You’ll have about a kilometre to enjoy the views before the way takes you downhill again, and back to where you started in Warter — a cute little village.
Scurry2Bridges Run
This 161-km relay race is divided into 16 parts, so you each run 4 separate parts. Over the course of this day-long adventure, you’ll each run about marathon distance while the workers will drive around for pick-ups and drop-offs at relay exchange points between the start in Dundee and the finish in Edinburgh.
Scafell Sky Race
Here’s a trail run (越野跑) that is not suitable for beginners. With a total of 3,500 m of ascent (上坡路), this is unquestionably one of the hardest events around. Good thing is that the views are beautiful, and that there’s hot food and a bottle of apple juice waiting for you in the end.
Offa’s Dyke 15
The traditional 15-mile distance begins at the Clock Tower in Hay-on-Wye and includes a few hard climbs before finishing in Kington. This year the hard event has added a challenging 10 km around Kington.
1. What do we know about Scurry2Bridges Run
A. It is a 161-mile relay race. B. It has an uphill part about 16 km.
C. It requires runners to run and drive. D. It is a relay race made up of 16 parts.
2. Which race best suits racers who want to enjoy food at the end of a race
A. Top of the Wolds 10K Challenge. B. Scurry2Bridges Run.
C. Scafell Sky Race. D. Offa’s Dyke 15.
3. What do the four races have in common
A. They are held in the countryside. B. They are tough but exciting races.
C. They ask runners to take part alone. D. They can provide the runners with food.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了英国的四项跑步比赛。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Scurry2Bridges Run中“This 161-km relay race is divided into 16 parts, so you each run 4 separate parts. (这场161公里的接力赛分为16个部分，所以你们每个人都要跑4个独立的部分)”可知，这是一项由16个部分组成的接力赛。故选D项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Scafell Sky Race中“Good thing is that the views are beautiful, and that there’s hot food and a bottle of apple juice waiting for you in the end. (好在风景很美，最后还有热腾腾的食物和一瓶苹果汁等着你。)”可知，这项比赛在最后会提供食物和饮料，因此最适合那些想在比赛结束后享用美食的选手。故选C项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The famous magazine, Runner’s World, has chosen some of the best, most difficult and enjoyable UK races. (著名的杂志《跑者世界》挑选了一些最好的、最困难的和最令人愉快的英国比赛。)”可知，这四项比赛的共同之处在于都很艰难但令人兴奋。故选B项。
B
Dr. Elsa Olivetti has always been interested in how materials science can change the way we store energy. When she started her work at MIT, she was excited about discovering the secrets of sustainable battery production.
During her research, her main focus was on a special kind of battery, called solid-state batteries, and a material named LLZO. She discovered a big challenge: finding and getting a special material called tantalum, which is not easy to find but necessary for the production of LLZO. This inspired her to look at the whole process of making batteries beyond the laboratory, from getting the materials to producing the final product.
Dr. Olivetti and her team looked into how these materials are mined, processed, and turned into batteries. They found that if we want to use more electric cars in the future, we need to get much better at producing and delivering materials like tantalum. Then, Dr. Olivetti aims to figure out a creative solution to the challenge. She worked with industry leaders to develop sustainable mining practices and called on policy changes to support a better supply chain, which proves effective.
Dr. Olivetti stresses that her work is not meant to replace traditional methods. Instead, it’s meant to help make the battery production better by looking broadly at the things that could make energy storage efficient. Looking ahead, Dr. Olivetti remains committed to improving sustainable energy storage. She wants to make the production process less wasteful and more cost-effective, creating a future where energy storage is not only good but also kind to our planet.
Reflecting on her work, Dr. Olivetti often says that what she does is more than just science. “Each step we take towards more efficient and environmentally-friendly battery technology is a step towards a better world,” stressing the importance of curiosity and perseverance in the pursuit of scientific exploration.
4. What was Dr. Olivetti’s interest in her work at MIT
A. Making electric cars cheaper. B. Making batteries more sustainable.
C. Figuring out ways to mine materials. D. Dealing with challenges of production.
5. Why is tantalum important in Dr. Olivetti’s research
A. It reduces production costs. B. It helps sustainable mining.
C. It is a common battery material. D. It is important for LLZO production.
6. How did Dr. Olivetti deal with the challenges in battery production
A. She focused on lab experiments.
B. She worked with industry leaders.
C. She developed a new type of electric car.
D. She replaced old methods with modern ones.
7. What is the passage mainly about
A. The Science of Battery. B. The Future of Electric Cars.
C. The Importance of Tantalum. D. The Work on Better Batteries.
【答案】4. B 5. D 6. B 7. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Elsa Olivetti博士为更好的可持续电池生产所做的努力。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“When she started her work at MIT, she was excited about discovering the secrets of sustainable battery production. (当她开始在麻省理工学院工作时，她对发现可持续电池生产的秘密感到兴奋。)”可知，Olivetti博士对使电池更具可持续性感兴趣。故选B项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“She discovered a big challenge: finding and getting a special material called tantalum, which is not easy to find but necessary for the production of LLZO. (她发现了一个巨大的挑战：找到并获得一种叫做钽的特殊材料，这种材料不容易找到，但却是生产LLZO所必需的。)”可知，钽对LLZO的生产很重要。故选D项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Then, Dr. Olivetti aims to figure out a creative solution to the challenge. She worked with industry leaders to develop sustainable mining practices and called on policy changes to support a better supply chain, which proves effective.(然后，奥利维蒂博士的目标是找出一个创造性的解决方案来应对这一挑战。她与行业领袖合作，制定可持续的采矿实践，并呼吁改变政策，以支持更好的供应链，这被证明是有效的。)”可知，Olivetti博士在应对电池生产中的挑战时，和行业领袖一起工作。故选B项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Each step we take towards more efficient and environmentally-friendly battery technology is a step towards a better world. (我们朝着更高效、更环保的电池技术迈出的每一步，都是朝着更美好的世界迈出的一步。)”可知，本文主要讲述了Elsa Olivetti博士为更好的可持续电池生产所做的努力，所以本文中心思想是研究更好的电池。故选D项。
C
It’s known that reading is good for a child’s vocabulary and literacy skills teaching them math or science concepts and helping them learn history. Apart from those, reading has another benefit. Have you read a story and felt tears well up because of a character’s suffering If so, that is because you have empathy (共鸣) for the character — and empathy can be learned through various fictions. “It’s a magic eye that sees into other people’s hearts,” explains author Cressida Cowell.
Research shows that human brains react differently to stories and facts. “Many more areas of your brain light up when you’re enjoying a story,” explains Miranda McKearney from EmpathyLab, an organization that builds empathy through reading. “Your brain thinks you are in the story… This means you experience the characters’ thoughts as if they are real.”
Empathy helps you to read people’s emotions and work out the best way to respond. This skill, called emotional intelligence, can make it easier to communicate and connect with people. Research has shown that building empathy can lead to greater kindness and tolerance. One study found that children who read the Harry Potter novels — which tell stories about humans fighting against the evil — were less likely to behave unfairly towards powerless groups including refugees (难民).
This theory has been put into practice by St Michael’s Primary School. After reading The Boy at the Back of the Class — a story about a boy who is a refugee escaping from the war — students in that school were inspired to do a 10-mile walk for the non-profit organization Refugee Action. Their empathy also spurred them to raise 1,000 for people who were forced to leave their homes because of war.
Reading encourages children to empathise with others, which could potentially lead to several beneficial learning outcomes, new research suggests. For society to develop, creative, communicative and empathetic individuals really matter.
8. Why do readers cry about a character’s experience
A. They have magic eyes. B. They want to show empathy.
C. They understand his feelings D. They have the same experience.
9. What does the author show by referring to the Harry Potter novels
A. The process of building empathy.
B. The benefits of developing empathy.
C. The definition of emotional intelligence.
D. The results of the school’s activity.
10. What does the underlined word “spurred” mean in paragraph 4
A Reminded. B. Permitted. C. Persuaded. D. Encouraged.
11. What might the author advise children to do
A. Read to learn empathy.
B. Become empathetic to others.
C. Put themselves in others’ shoes.
D. Read as many books as possible.
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究表明阅读可以帮助孩子培养同理心，这对于儿童发展有很多好处。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Have you read a story and felt tears well up because of a character’s suffering If so, that is because you have empathy (共鸣) for the character — and empathy can be learned through various fictions. (你是否读过一个故事，因为一个角色的痛苦而热泪盈眶？如果是这样，那是因为你对角色有同理心——同理心可以通过各种小说来学到)”可知，读者因为角色的经历而流泪是因为他们对他有同理心，能理解角色的感受。故选C项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Research has shown that building empathy can lead to greater kindness and tolerance. One study found that children who read the Harry Potter novels — which tell stories about humans fighting against the evil — were less likely to behave unfairly towards powerless groups including refugees (难民). (研究表明，建立同理心可以带来更大的善良和宽容。一项研究发现，读过《哈利波特》小说的孩子不太可能对包括难民在内的弱势群体做出不公平的行为，小说讲述了人类与邪恶作斗争的故事)”可知，此处在讨论建立同理心的好处，因此提到《哈利波特》小说是以阅读过它的孩子们的实例来佐证这些好处。故选B项。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“After reading The Boy at the Back of the Class — a story about a boy who is a refugee escaping from the war — students in that school were inspired to do a 10-mile walk for the non-profit organization Refugee Action. (在读完《坐在教室最后一排的男孩》——一个关于逃离战争的男孩的故事后，学校的学生受到激励，为非营利组织“难民行动”进行了10英里的步行活动)”可知，此处讲述阅读《坐在教室最后一排的男孩》对学生们激励作用起到的积极效果，再结合下文“to raise 1,000 for people who were forced to leave their homes because of war (为那些因战争而被迫离开家园的人们筹集1000英镑)”可推知，学生们筹集善款也是因为被这本书激励了，spurred意思应该与上文的inspired呼应，是“激励”的意思，与选项中的encouraged意思一致。故选D项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Reading encourages children to empathise with others, which could potentially lead to several beneficial learning outcomes, new research suggests. For society to develop, creative, communicative and empathetic individuals really matter. (新的研究表明，阅读可以鼓励孩子们同情他人，这可能会带来一些有益的学习成果。对于社会的发展来说，有创造力、善于沟通和善解人意的个人真的很重要)”可知，阅读有益于孩子们培养同理心，促进他们个人的发展，从而促进社会的发展。由此推知，作者会建议孩子们通过阅读来培养同理心。故选A项。
D
While conducting a survey by airplane of northern Guatemala, researchers detected an ancient Maya site. “We can now see the entire landscape of the Maya region” in this section of Guatemala, said Carlos Morales-Aguilar, one of the researchers from the Department of Geography and the Environment at the University of Texas.
The findings were the result of the survey using lidar (雷达), or light detection and ranging, which has been revolutionary for studying historic sites. In lidar, lasers are sent out and the reflected light is used to create imagery of a landscape. The technology is particularly beneficial in areas with limited visibility such as the rainforest in maya site, as lasers can enter the heavy tree canopy, the thick cover formed by the leafy upper branches in a forest.
The lidar data showed “for the first time an area that was integrated politically and economically, and never seen before in other places in the Western Hemisphere (西半球),” Carlos wrote in the study. Using data from the scans, the team identified more than 1, 000 settlements dotting the region. They were interconnected by 100 miles of causeways that the Maya likely traveled on foot. They also detected the remains of several large platforms and pyramids, along with canals and reservoirs used for water collection.
So what made this region so attractive that the Maya would want to settle there in the first place
“For the Maya, the Mirador-Calakmul Karst Basin was the ‘Goldilocks Zone’,” Ross Ensley wrote, partner of Carlos, a geologist from the Institute for Geological Study of the Maya Lowlands in Houston, Texas. “The Maya settled in this region because it had the right mix of uplands for settlement and lowlands for agriculture.” Uplands lie above the level where flooding occurs. They provided a source for limestone, their primary building material, and dry land to live on. The lowlands are mostly seasonal swamps (沼泽), which provided space for wetland agriculture as well as organic-rich soil for use in terraced agriculture.
Researchers hope lidar technology will help them explore sections of Guatemala that have remained a mystery for centuries.
12. Why did the researchers use lidar in the survey
A. It detects a wide range of lasers. B. It pictures quick and clear imagery.
C. It passes lights through forests easily. D. It improves the visibility of rainforests.
13. What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A. Why Maya drew great attention. B. How Maya people made a living.
C. The research process after surveying the Maya. D. The findings through observing the Maya region.
14. What can we infer about the Maya people according to Ross Ensley
A. They transformed the land to survive. B. They were good at upland agriculture.
C. They preferred to build houses using limestone. D. They made a sound choice about where to settle.
15. Which is the best title for the text
A. The Perfect Habitat for the Maya People
B. The Secrets of the Ancient Maya Civilization
C. Revolutionary Use of Lidar Reveals Maya Settlements
D. Lidar Technology Unlocks New Discoveries of Rainforests
【答案】12. C 13. D 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究人员利用激光雷达发现了一处玛雅人遗址。文章介绍了激光雷达的优势以及观察玛雅地区的发现。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The technology is particularly beneficial in areas with limited visibility such as the rainforest in maya site, as lasers can enter the heavy tree canopy, the thick cover formed by the leafy upper branches in a forest.(这项技术在能见度有限的地区尤其有用，比如玛雅遗址的雨林，因为激光可以进入厚重的树冠，即森林中由枝叶繁茂的上层树枝形成的厚厚的覆盖物)”可知，研究人员在调查中使用激光雷达是因为它能轻易地将光线穿过森林。故选C。
【13题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“The lidar data showed “for the first time an area that was integrated politically and economically, and never seen before in other places in the Western Hemisphere (西半球),” Carlos wrote in the study. Using data from the scans, the team identified more than 1, 000 settlements dotting the region. They were interconnected by 100 miles of causeways that the Maya likely traveled on foot. They also detected the remains of several large platforms and pyramids, along with canals and reservoirs used for water collection.(卡洛斯在研究中写道，激光雷达数据“首次显示了一个政治和经济一体化的地区，在西半球的其他地方从未见过”。利用扫描数据，研究小组确定了该地区分布着1000多个定居点。它们由长达100英里的堤道相连，玛雅人可能是步行走过的。他们还发现了几个大型平台和金字塔的遗迹，以及用于收集水的运河和水库)”可知，第三段的主要内容是通过观察玛雅地区的发现。故选D。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““For the Maya, the Mirador-Calakmul Karst Basin was the ‘Goldilocks Zone’,” Ross Ensley wrote, partner of Carlos, a geologist from the Institute for Geological Study of the Maya Lowlands in Houston, Texas. “The Maya settled in this region because it had the right mix of uplands for settlement and lowlands for agriculture.”(“对玛雅人来说，米拉多-卡拉克穆尔喀斯特盆地是‘金发姑娘地带’，”罗斯·恩斯利写道，他是卡洛斯的合伙人，卡洛斯是德克萨斯州休斯顿玛雅低地地质研究所的地质学家。“玛雅人在这个地区定居，因为这里有适合定居的高地和适合农业的低地。”)”可推知，玛雅人对在哪里定居做出了明智的选择。故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“While conducting a survey by airplane of northern Guatemala, researchers detected an ancient Maya site.(研究人员乘飞机在危地马拉北部进行调查时，发现了一个古玛雅遗址)”以及第二段“The findings were the result of the survey using lidar (雷达), or light detection and ranging, which has been revolutionary for studying historic sites.(这一发现是利用激光雷达（光探测和测距）进行调查的结果，激光雷达在研究历史遗迹方面具有革命性意义)”结合文章主要说明了研究人员利用激光雷达发现了一处玛雅人遗址。文章介绍了激光雷达的优势以及观察玛雅地区的发现。可知，C选项“激光雷达的革命性使用揭示了玛雅定居点”最符合文章标题。故选C。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)
Beach is a relaxing place to catch waves, get some sun, enjoy picnic, spot wildlife and go exploring. Here are tips from experts on how to be a better beachgoer, so future generations of sea lovers can get their beach therapy(疗法) when they need it.
Use safer sunblock
Many sunblocks advertise that they are “reef-friendly”, which has no firm definitions, and their usage isn’t regulated by governmental bodies. ____16____. Only purchase mineral-based sunscreens so that it won’t do harm to reefs.
Get involved
____17____ If you forget to bring one, find an abandoned bag at the beach. It may seem a little gesture, but it will help remove rubbish. By working together people can really make a difference.
Thoughtful toys for kids
It’s fun for your little ones to play with plastic toys in the sand. ____18____. They end up polluting the environment and can be accidentally eaten by animals, causing them serious harm on even killing them. Pack metal or wooden toys instead.
Read the signs
Signs at the beach aren’t optional reading. They tell you where you can’t go and what you can’t do, so you don’t mess with the local ecosystem. ____19____. They are storm barriers and home to many animals.
Destroy what you build
It doesn’t matter how much time and effort your children spent building sand castles or digging tunnels: if you are on a beach marked as a sea turtle habitat, fill in the trench and knock down the structure. Sea turtles have heavy bodies and they can die if they fall into a hole and get trapped. ____20____.
A. So it’s best to read the fine print carefully
B. Beach-goers are generally advised to stay off sand hills
C. Thus, try your best to be a considerate eco-friendly tourist
D. However, plastic toys break easily, leaving behind bits and pieces
E. Sand structures also can prevent them from reaching birthing areas
F. Bring a reusable bag to clean up while you’re walking the shoreline
G. Have your children pick up trash with you when walking on the beach
【答案】16. A 17. F 18. D 19. B 20. E
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章倡导人们在海滩游玩时要注意保护海滩的自然环境。
【16题详解】
上文“Many sunblocks advertise that they are “reef-friendly”, which has no firm definitions, and their usage isn’t regulated by governmental bodies. (许多防晒霜都宣称它们是“对珊瑚礁友好的”，这没有明确的定义，它们的使用也不受政府机构的监管。)”说明有些防晒霜宣称对珊瑚友好，但是没有明确的定义，因此也有可能对珊瑚礁有害，所以要仔细阅读上面的成分说明。因此推断A项“所以最好仔细阅读细则”符合语境，故选A。
【17题详解】
下文“If you forget to bring one, find an abandoned bag at the beach. It may seem a little gesture, but it will help remove rubbish. By working together people can really make a difference. (如果你忘了带一个，在海滩上找一个被遗弃的袋子。这似乎是一个小小的举动，但它将有助于清除垃圾。通过共同努力，人们真的可以有所作为。)”可知，此处的one应是指代装垃圾的袋子，用来清楚垃圾，因此推断F项“当你沿海岸线上散步时，带上一个可重复使用的袋子来清理”符合语境，one指代上文提到的reusable bag，故选F。
【18题详解】
前文“It’s fun for your little ones to play with plastic toys in the sand. (你的孩子在沙滩上玩塑料玩具是很有趣的。)”讲孩子玩塑料玩具会很快乐，后文“They end up polluting the environment and can be accidentally eaten by animals, causing them serious harm on even killing them. Pack metal or wooden toys instead. ( 它们最终会污染环境，并可能被动物误食，对它们造成严重伤害，甚至杀死它们。用金属或木制玩具代替。)”讲这一类玩具对海滩的危害，建议带金属或者木质玩具，因此推断D项“然而，塑料玩具很容易破裂，留下碎片”说明塑料玩具的害处，与上文是转折关系，引出下文塑料玩具带来的害处的具体介绍。故选D。
【19题详解】
前文“Signs at the beach aren’t optional reading. They tell you where you can’t go and what you can’t do, so you don’t mess with the local ecosystem. (海滩上的指示牌不是可选阅读的。他们告诉你哪里不能去，什么不能做，这样你就不会扰乱当地的生态系统。)”说明标识语指导海滩游客的行为，且这一句与后面一句里的 they构成紧密衔接，因此推断B项“一般建议去海滩的人远离沙丘”符合语境，承接下文“They are storm barriers and home to many animals. (它们是风暴的屏障，也是许多动物的家园。)”说明标识语会建议人们远离沙丘，因为沙丘是海滩动物的保护屏障和家园。故选B。
【20题详解】
前一句“Sea turtles have heavy bodies and they can die if they fall into a hole and get trapped. (海龟的身体很重，如果掉进洞里被困住，它们就会死亡。)”讲 在沙滩建立的沙堡和渠道的一个危害，E项“沙子结构也会阻止它们到达产仔区”符合语境，接着讲另外一个危害。故选E。
第二部分语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题1分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Everyone could use a little sunshine in their life right now, so a Wisconsin farmer ____21____ to plant more than two million sunflowers in his fields. Scott Thompson’s family has been ____22____ in Kenosha County for more than 70 years, and this is the first year that ____23____ have decorated the landscape. Usually, the pick-your-own farm ____24____ strawberries in summer and pumpkins in the fall.
Located just 10 miles from Kenosha, Wisconsin, Thompson Strawberry Farm is ____25____ people to a simpler family outing where they can picnic and take home a dozen sunflowers. Thompson and his wife thought it would be ____26____ to spread a little happiness to their ____27____.
Thompson ____28____ more than 22 acres of flowers. The flowers are planted in more than 15 fields to provide ____29____ for social distance and spread out. Word of the sunshine oasis (绿洲) has spread ____30____ through word of mouth as people come to enjoy a small ____31____ from reality. “Everyone is so ____32____, ” Thompson said. “We’ve got all these ____33____ on the NET. If I’m out in the field, everybody is like ‘Thanks for doing this,’ (and) ‘This is what I need.’ ”
In addition to sunflowers, Thompson also planted a field of wildflowers, and Mexican sunflowers that are known for ____34____ butterflies. Thompson said the sunflowers will be a ____35____ thing at the farm, even without a pandemic.
21.
A. used B. learned C. decided D. promised
22.
A. farming B. planting C. gardening D. decorating
23.
A. grasses B. trees C. leaves D. flowers
24.
A. demands of B. consists of C. searches for D. calls for
25.
A. drawing B. taking C. sending D. leading
26.
A. flexible B. convenient C. ideal D. timely
27.
A. friends B. relatives C. customers D. neighbors
28.
A. turned over B. looked at C. picked up D. ended up with
29.
A. time B. room C. service D. information
30.
A. mostly B. hardly C. possibly D. slowly
31.
A. risk B. break C. advantage D. challenge
32.
A. patient B. curious C. confident D. happy
33.
A. explanations B. inspirations C. comments D. attitudes
34.
A. attracting B. feeding C. catching D. warning
35.
A. special B. official C. similar D. regular
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. C 27. C 28. D 29. B 30. A 31. B 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述为了将阳光和快乐传递给更多的人，农民汤普森和家人在农场里种植向日葵，前来游玩的人纷纷好评。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，每个人的生活中都需要一点阳光，所以威斯康星州的一位农民决定在他的田地里种植200多万朵向日葵。A. used使用；B. learned学会；C. decided决定；D. promised保证。根据上文“Everyone could use a little sunshine in their life right now.”可知，这是这个农民种向日葵的原因，即这个原因让他决定种向日葵。故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：斯科特·汤普森(Scott Thompson)一家在基诺沙县务农已有70多年的历史，今年是第一次用鲜花装饰这片土地。A. farming耕种；B. planting种植；C. gardening做园艺工作；D. decorating装潢。根据上文“a Wisconsin farmer”可知，农民应该是从事耕种行业。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：斯科特·汤普森(Scott Thompson)一家在基诺沙县务农已有70多年的历史，今年是第一次用鲜花装饰这片土地。A. grasses草地；B. trees树；C. leaves树叶；D. flowers花朵。根据上文“plant more than two million sunflowers”可知，向日葵就是花朵的一种。故选D项。
【24题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：通常，采摘自己的农场包括夏天的草莓和秋天的南瓜。A. demands of要求；B. consists of由…组成；C. searches for 搜寻；D. calls for 要求。根据本句“strawberries in summer and pumpkins in the fall”可知，本句在描述这个农场是种什么作物的，即这些作物构成了这个农场。故选B项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：汤普森草莓农场距离威斯康星州的基诺沙仅10英里，它正在吸引人们去家庭郊游，在那里他们可以野餐，并带回家一打向日葵。A. drawing吸引；B. taking拿；C. sending发送；D. leading引导。根据本句“Located just 10 miles from Kenosha”可知，离城区如此近，且有向日葵，能有效吸引附近的家庭前来游玩。故选A项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：汤普森和他的妻子认为，向顾客传播一点快乐是理想的做法。A. flexible灵活的；B. convenient方便的；C. ideal理想的；D. timely及时的。根据本句“to spread a little happiness”可知，这件事能给人带来快乐，这无疑是美好的、理想的事情。故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：汤普森和他的妻子认为，向顾客传播一点快乐是理想的做法。A. friends朋友；B. relatives亲戚；C. customers顾客；D. neighbors邻居。根据上文“the pick-your-own farm”可知，这是汤普森一家的自采农场，故前来的都是他的顾客。故选C项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词组辨析。句意：汤普森最终种植了超过22英亩的花卉。A. turned over翻转；B. looked at查看；C. picked up捡起；D. ended up with以……告终。根据后文“The flowers are planted in more than 15 fields”可知，最终种植的向日葵很多，超过了预期。故选D项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些花种植在15多块田地里，为社交距离提供空间。A. time时间；B. room空间；C. service服务；D. information信息。根据本句“The flowers are planted in more than 15 fields”可知，之所以占这么多田，是为了给顾客提供更多的空间。故选B项。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：阳光绿洲的消息主要是通过前来享受远离现实的短暂假期的人们口口相传。A. mostly大多数；B. hardly 几乎不；C. possibly 可能；D. slowly 缓慢地。根据下文“We get all these comments on the NET.”可知，正如汤普森看到网络上的评论一样，人们大多数也是通过这些评论知道了农场。故选A项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：阳光绿洲的消息主要是通过前来享受远离现实的短暂假期的人们口口相传。A. risk风险；B. break片刻休息，短暂假期；C. advantage优点；D. challenge挑战。根据本句的“from reality”可知，人们前来时享受片刻的休息，远离现实的短暂假期。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每个人都很开心。A. patient耐心的；B. curious好奇的；C. confident自信的；D. happy开心的。根据下文“This is what I need.”可知，前来游玩的顾客都很喜欢这个农场，都对这次郊游满意，因此都很开心。故选D项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们都是从网上得到这些评论。A. explanations解释；B. inspirations灵感；C. comments评论；D. attitudes态度。根据下文“This is what I need.”可看出，这是顾客们评论。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了向日葵，汤普森还种植了一片野花，以及以吸引蝴蝶而闻名的墨西哥向日葵。A. attracting吸引；B. feeding喂养；C. catching追；D. warning警告。根据本句Mexican sunflowers“墨西哥向日葵”和butterflies “蝴蝶”，二者的关系是前者吸引后者。故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词词义辨析。汤普森说，向日葵将是农场里的常种植物。A. special特殊的；B. official官方的，常规的；C. similar相似的；D. regular固定的。根据上文“Thompson and his wife thought it would be ideal to spread a little happiness to their customers”可知，他们是乐意做这件事的，故推测会固定长期种植向日葵。故选D项。
第二节(共10小题：每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Xuan paper is known as the “Paper of Ages” for its many unique qualities. The term Xuan paper first appeared in a book written by Tang Dynasty scholar Zhang Yanyuan, in ____36____ he described Xuan paper as ____37____ ideal carrier for calligraphy and painting.
The traditional craft of making Xuan paper is ____38____(extreme) demanding. Sandalwood bark(檀香树皮), a plant native to southern China, goes through 108 procedures together with rice straw over the course of three years ____39____ it can transform into a batch of fine Xuan paper. The entire procedure is so complex that even the most skilled craftsman can only master ____40____(limit) steps.
The flow of ink, both guided and resisted by water, ____41____(determine) the output of Chinese art, and Xuan paper outshines others with ____42____(it) excellent ability to give full play to ink. Different rates of bark to straw during the paper-making process can create different paper best suited ____43____ artistic expression in freehand ink paintings or calligraphy.
Xuan paper ____44____(accompany) the passionate brushstrokes of the Chinese artists for thousands of years. Unlike other forms of paper, it is very resistant to damage brought by time, which has made it possible _____45_____(preserve) many valuable works from ancient China.
Paper-making is a wisdom of the ancient Chinese, and Xuan paper is the peak of paper-making.
【答案】36. which
37. an 38. extremely
39. before 40. limited
41. determines
42. its 43. to##for
44. has accompanied##has been accompanying
45. to preserve
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了宣纸的历史发展和制作过程。
【36题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：“宣纸”一词最早出现在唐朝学者张彦元的一本书中，他在书中把宣纸描述为书画的理想载体。分析可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为book，指代事物，作介词in的宾语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
37题详解】
考查冠词。句意：同上。名词短语ideal carrier是单数泛指概念，应用不定冠词限定。ideal首字母的发音为元音音素，故填an。
【38题详解】
考查副词。句意：制作宣纸的传统工艺要求极高。修饰形容词demanding应用副词。故填extremely。
39题详解】
考查连词。句意：檀香树皮是一种原产于中国南方的植物，它与稻草一起经过108道工序，在三年的时间里，才能变成一批精美的宣纸。根据句意可知，在变成精美的宣纸之前需要许多工序和时间，应用连词before引导时间状语从句。故填before。
【40题详解】
考查形容词。句意：整个过程是如此复杂，即使是最熟练的工匠也只能掌握有限的步骤。修饰名词steps应用其形容词limited“有限的”作定语，符合句意。故填limited。
【41题详解】
考查时态。句意：水墨的流动，受水的引导和阻力，决定了中国艺术的输出，并且宣纸以其出色的发挥水墨的能力而出类拔萃。本句描述客观事实，用一般现在时。主语The flow of ink为单数，谓语动词用三单形式，故填determines。
【42题详解】
考查代词。句意：同上。限定名词短语excellent ability用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
【43题详解】
考查介词。句意：在造纸过程中，树皮和稻草的不同比例可以创造出最适合写意水墨画或书法艺术表现的不同纸张。（be）suited to/for“适合于”是固定搭配。故填to/for。
【44题详解】
考查时态。句意：几千年来，宣纸一直伴随着中国艺术家的激情笔触。根据句意和时间状语or thousands of years可知，此处应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，表示过去开始的动作一直持续到现在或者表示过去开始的动作一直持续到现在，还可能继续下去。主谓一致，故填has accompanied/has been accompanying。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：与其他形式的纸不同，它很能抵抗时间带来的破坏，这使得许多中国古代的珍贵作品得以保存。分析可知，动词make后接复合宾语，it为形式宾语，此处应用不定式作真正宾语。故填to preserve。
【点睛】
第三部分写作(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节应用文写作(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华。外教Hans要求你班同学做一个主题为“The story of an inspiring person”的小组项目。作为组长, 请你给Hans写一封邮件, 内容包括：
1. 项目设想；
2. 恳请指导。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Hans,
I am Li Hua, a student from class 5.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Hans,
I’m Li Hua, a student from class 5. I am in charge of the group project titled “The Story of an Inspiring Person.” I’m writing to share our initial ideas and seek your invaluable guidance.
We aim to explore the story of an inspiring person, the obstacles they faced, and how they became a lighthouse of inspiration. For our presentation, we’re thinking of combining various elements like short videos, interactive timelines, and possibly a small drama piece, which are intended to make the presentation more engaging. Your knowledge in storytelling and understanding of different cultures is widely recognized, so we would greatly appreciate your guidance in choosing the right individual for our project, structuring our presentation to be both informative and attractive.
Thank you for considering our request. We eagerly waiting for your response and any suggestions you might have.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华。外教Hans要求你班同学做一个主题为“The story of an inspiring person”的小组项目。作为组长, 请你给Hans写一封邮件, 内容包括：1. 项目设想；2. 恳请指导。
【详解】1.词汇积累
寻求：seek→ask for
吸引人的：engaging→attractive
认可：recognize→acknowledge
考虑：consider→take into…account
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I am in charge of the group project titled “The Story of an Inspiring Person.”
拓展句：I am in charge of the group project which is titled “The Story of an Inspiring Person.”
【点睛】【高分句型1】We aim to explore the story of an inspiring person, the obstacles they faced, and how they became a lighthouse of inspiration.（运用了不定式作宾语，省略了引导词的定语从句和how引导宾语从句）
【高分句型2】For our presentation, we’re thinking of combining various elements like short videos, interactive timelines, and possibly a small drama piece, which are intended to make the presentation more engaging.（运用了动名词短语作宾语，which引导非限制性定语从句）
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When Mrs. Russell finished one of her lessons, she was out of breath. A sudden burning stomachache started but she hoped her students wouldn’t notice.
“You look pale, Mrs. Russell, are you alright ” a kid, Tony, asked. Mrs. Russell tried to explain everything was alright, but the words just wouldn’t come out. She became unconscious and fell down in front of her class, and there were red and blue lights, many adults, and the sounds of children crying. An oxygen mask was then put on her.
“We’ll see what we can do for Mrs. Russell. Now all of you have to go back to class and listen to whatever Ms. Hanson tells you,” Mr. Roberts, the headmaster, tried to ask Mrs. Russell’ students to leave the office, but they wouldn’t move. Tony and Hannah were at the front of the pack. They were told Mrs. Russell needed surgery, and hospitals cost money.
“We want to have Mrs. Russell come back! She’s the best teacher ever. Please help us, Ms. Hanson, ” Hannah said, and all the kids nodded. “Kids, let’s go back to the classroom and brainstorm together about helping Mrs. Russell,” Ms. Hanson guided them back to the classroom and she instructed them to write a greeting card to Mrs. Russell.
“A card is not enough to save Mrs. Russell. She needs money to afford the surgery. We need a grown-up to help. ”Tony told his classmates at break. All the kids were thinking hard, and suddenly, Asher spoke up. “My big sister is a senior in high school. Well, I think she can make a link on a website or something. Then we can raise the money needed and help Mrs Russell!”
All the classmates agreed and went home to tell their elder brothers or sisters about this idea. Asher’s big sister, Dianne, started an online group, and she made an internet link immediately with her parents’ approval.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The link and the group were shared throughout the community quickly.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Mrs. Russell was back at school two months later.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 The link and the group were shared throughout the community quickly. And they received community further dissemination. Many people actively came up with money and soon enough funds were raised. Children also saved their pocket money and donated it to Mrs. Russell. At the same time, the children followed Ms. Hanson’s instructions and wrote many wish cards, which were even more valuable spiritual support for Mrs. Russell. The hospital learned of this news and also reduced some medical expenses. The surgery went smoothly, and in less than two months, Mrs. Russell recovered.
Mrs. Russell was back at school two months later. As soon as Mrs. Russell walked into the classroom, the children warmly applauded for her recovery. Then almost all the students ran forward to warmly embrace her, moving her to tears. Mrs. Russell expressed her heartfelt gratitude to the students. She said it was the love of the children that gave her a second life. Again with the help of Mrs. Russell, her students would have fun in learning and growing! How happy they were！
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了深受学生爱戴的老师Russell夫人因病昏倒在讲台上，被送往医院，学生们得知，Russell夫人需要做手术，花很多钱，学生们想尽办法为老师筹钱，最终Russell夫人康复回到学校的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“这个链接和群组很快就在社区里被分享了。”可知，第一段可描写大家积极捐款，很快筹集了足够的资金，帮助Russell夫人。
②由第二段首句内容“两个月后，Russell夫人回到了学校。”可知，第二段可描写Russell夫人非常感谢学生们，并且以积极热情的态度更好地完成教书育人的工作。
2.续写线索：筹集——捐赠——康复——重新进教室——欢迎——感谢——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.筹集：raise/collect
②.康复：recover/get well
情绪类
①.积极地：actively/positively
②.表达感谢：express gratitude to/say thanks to
【点睛】
[高分句型1]. At the same time, the children followed Ms. Hanson’s instructions and wrote many wish cards, which were even more valuable spiritual support for Mrs. Russell. (由关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2]. She said it was the love of the children that gave her a second life. (运用了强调句型)
