江西省上饶市铅山县第一中学2023-2024学年高二上学期1月考试英语试题
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
How long is the park open on Saturdays
A. 10 hours. B. 9 hours. C. 13 hours.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. A book. B. A movie. C. A song.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Who probably picked the woman’s peaches
A. Her son. B. The man. C. Her neighbor.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Why does the woman think the man is lying
A. He is a dishonest person.
B. His body language tells it.
C. She has already known the truth.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What are the speakers discussing
A. How fruits were harvested.
B. Why the fruit sales increased.
C. What caused the low price of fruits.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. What relation is the man to the woman
A. Her job advisor. B. Her classmate. C. Her neighbor.
7. How does the man suggest the woman find dogs to walk
A. By phoning people.
B. By asking door to door.
C. By advertising in the newspaper.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. What is the man’s problem
A. He forgot his password. B. He can’t use the system. C. He can’t find his computer.
9. Where is the computer services office
A. Beside the stairs. B. At the back of the lift. C. Next to the reception desk.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
10. What does the man want to do in the beginning
A. Buy a refrigerator. B. Repair a refrigerator. C. Return a refrigerator.
11. What does the woman do with the situation
A. She lowers the price. B. She corrects the instructions. C. She explains the method of use.
12. How does the man sound at the end
A. Confused. B. Embarrassed. C. Disappointed.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
13. In what way was the handshake impressing
A. Flexi shook hands with a human for the first time.
B. Flexi offered to shake hands with the woman.
C. Flexi moved his hand just as the woman did.
14. Where are Flexi’s visual sensors
A. In his head. B. In his hands. C. In his chest.
15. When did the first version of the robot come into being
A. In 1993. B. In 2000. C. In 2023.
16. What can we learn about Flexi
A. He is used in special situations.
B. He is controlled by a computer system in the phone.
C. He can perform tasks itself.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17. When did Stephen Hawking first get sick
A. At the age of 21. B. At the age of 23. C. At the age of 25.
18 What did Stephen Hawking lose first
A. The use of his legs. B. The power of speech. C. The use of his arms.
19. What did Stephen Hawking realize in the 1990s
A. He was going to live at least two more years.
B. He was one of Britain’s most important figures.
C. He should represent the disabled community more.
20. Who signed the Charter for the Third Millennium on Disability
A. Doctors.
B. Governments.
C. Hawking and 11 other stars.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑
A
Here’re some of the excellent inventions in 2023. Which one do you like most
Whiter Paint
The paint on a white building reflects 80 to 90% of the sunlight that strikes it. The rest of the light warms the surrounding area, raising air-conditioning bills. But the Whiter Paint is made of chemicals that better reflect UV rays. It reflects up to 98% of the sunlight, which could reduce AC use by 40%. “The heat is reflected into deep space,” says Xiulin Ruan, who led the Purdue University team that created the paint.
Duolingo app
Now you can take music lessons on a smartphone, using this app, which uses an on-screen piano to teach basics such as harmony and beat. You learn by interacting with more than 200 popular pieces of music. Just match sounds to notes and play along. “You don’t need natural talent to learn music,” says Karen Chow, who’s a learning scientist at Duolingo.
Model A
Model A, developed by Alef Aeronautics, is a two-seat all-electric vehicle with a flight range of 110 miles. And it looks as if it were made to be parked in a garage. In July, 2023, the Federal Aviation Administration gave Ale f permission to take the vehicle on test flights. The company hopes to deliver the first Model A by 2026.
Moonwalkers
They’re actually battery-powered shoes with wheels. They let you walk normally—just faster and more easily. Moonwalkers, made by Shift Robotics, use AI to sense when you’re speeding up or slowing down, and adjust themselves accordingly. With it, you can walk at speeds up to seven miles per hour.
21. What is special about Whiter Paint
A. It warms our buildings. B. It powers air conditioners.
C. It makes us feel cooler. D. It absorbs more sunlight.
22. Which one is being tested
A. Whiter Paint. B. Duolingo app.
C. Moonwalkers. D. Model A.
23. What do the listed inventions have in common
A. They are supported by AI technology. B. They can help us live an easier life.
C. They were created by college teams. D. They are favored by the disabled.
B
Are your childhood memories closely connected with cycling Perhaps you even remember the pride in getting your first bike on your birthday, complete with streamers (装饰彩纸条) coming out of the handlebars, and the excitement of coasting down the tallest hill in town When we were children, biking gave us independence, a sense of self, adventure and excitement, but city biking poses challenges to us when we are adults.
Obviously, biking brings a number of benefits to the riders, but why aren’t there more bikers on city roads Goodordering, a company that designs bags to suit modern active lifestyles, conducted a survey and found out that the number one factor preventing people from biking to work was the realization of road safety”—sharing the road with cars can be dangerous.
Omar Bakhshi, a UK-based developer, experienced this first-hand. A car brushed against him while he was cycling, leaving him with an injury that impacted his taste and smell for life. Bakhshi realized what happened to him wasn’t unusual. Because bikers often experience close encounters (相撞) with cars, Bakhshi set out to make the roads safer for urban cyclists to use.
His company, Tether, is launching a small sensor that goes on a bike’s handlebars. As the biker rides through the city, the device projects (投影) a “safety zone” of lights onto the pavement. The hope is that these lights will force car drivers to sit up and pay attention to the rules of sharing the road. If cars get too close to the biker’s personal space, the lights will start shining.
What makes Bakhsh’s device different from similar devices on the market is its smart features. Tether’s device collects data from close encounters with cars and then the data is organized into a central database. The data can be accessed by bikers to determine which streets are safer for cyclists and choose a route to avoid areas that have a large number of close encounters with cars.
24. How does the author lead readers to the topic
A. By introducing an exciting biking trip.
B By comparing the past and the present.
C. By describing his favorite exercise in cities.
D By listing some popular birthday gifts for children.
25. What can we say about Omar Bakhshi according to Paragraph 3
A. He stressed the importance of teamwork.
B. His company faced a lot of challenges at first.
C. He was advised by many bikers to develop a cycling device.
D. His biking experience inspired him to improve cycling safety.
26. How does Tether’s device work
A. It guides the biker and warns car drivers.
B. It reduces the harm caused by an accident.
C. It enables car drivers to see traffic lights clearly.
D. It reminds the biker to share special lanes with other bikers.
27 Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Cycling Makes A Better World
B. Road Safety Problems in The UK
C. A Man Has Realized His Childhood Dream.
D. New Technology Improves Your Cycling Safety
C
Plenty of scientific work proves that children, and even adults, who learn sign language, gain the benefits not only in the ability to communicate with other sign language users, but also in the wider academic world.
Deaf children who learn sign language at an early age tend to perform better academically. This is partly due to their increased ability to communicate with those around them. However, it is also because sign language is not, as many people mistakenly think, a system of gestures representing words, but a complete and complex language system. Thus, children who learn sign language have already learnt about the way language works, which will help in future studies.
Again, for non-deaf children and adults who learn sign language, the academic advantages spill over into social and cultural ones. Firstly, learning sign language allows the speaker to communicate with a whole new community of people and gain an understanding of how they communicate within their community. Secondly, learning a language gives rise to greater confidence for that person, as he is able to communicate with someone who may struggle to do so. And the skills of language learning can easily be applied to learning other languages but also to other academic pursuits.
There can be no doubt that learning sign language is a useful endeavour for anyone — whether they are deaf themselves and live in a house with other deaf people or whether they are non-deaf and do not know anyone who is. The social, cultural and academic advantages of learning this complex language are diverse and should not be taken lightly. And, especially with children, learning a language which helps people with a disadvantage may encourage them in the future to do more — volunteering and other such work. This means that the non-deaf child can be given a sense of social responsibility at an early age and taught to embrace (接受) all people — not in spite of their differences but because of them.
28. What is sign language according to the author
A. It is a creative way of expressing ideas. B. It is a complete complex language system.
C. It is a primary language of disabled people. D. It is a system of gestures representing words.
29. What does the underlined word “endeavour” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Attempt. B. Experiment. C. Incident. D. Feedback.
30. What quality can a non-deaf child who learns sign language acquire
A. Being competitive. B. Being courageous.
C. Being responsible. D. Being positive.
31. What conclusion can we draw from the text
A. Learning sign language brings people an advantage of finding a future job.
B. The numerous advantages of learning sign language should be taken seriously.
C. Non-deaf children should learn sign language due to the differences of the deaf people .
D. It’s unnecessary for non-deaf person who doesn’t know any deaf people to learn sign language.
D
Imagine an iPad that’s more than just an iPad — with a surface that can change shapes, potentially allowing you to draw 3D designs and even hold your partner’s hand from an ocean away. That’s the vision of a team of engineers from the University of Colorado Boulder. In a new study, they’ve created a one-of-a-kind shape-shifting display that fits on a card table. The device is made from a 10-by-10 grid (网格) of soft robotic “muscles” that can sense outside pressure and pop up to create patterns. It may also deliver something even rarer: the sense of touch in a digital age.
The group’s innovation builds off a class of soft robots pioneered by a team led by Christoph Keplinger, formerly an assistant professor of mechanical engineering at CU Boulder. The original model isn’t ready for the market yet, but the researchers envision that, one day, similar technologies could lead to sensory gloves for virtual gaming or a smart conveyor belt that can sort different items like selecting apples from bananas.
The project has its origins in the search for a different kind of technology: artificial organs. In 2017, researchers led by Mark Rentschler, professor of mechanical engineering and biomedical engineering, were developing what they called sTISSUE — soft organs that behave and feel like real human body parts but are made entirely out of silicone-like materials. “ You could use these artificial organs to help develop medical devices or surgical robotic tools for much less cost than using real animal tissue,” said Rentschler, a co-author of the new study.
In developing that technology, however, the team landed on the idea of a tabletop display. If you pass an electric current through the actuators (执行器), the surface will change shape and jump up. The actuators also include soft, magnetic sensors that can detect the pressure when you push them, which allows for some fun activities.
Other research teams have developed similar smart tablets but the CU Boulder display is softer, takes up a lot less room and is much shifter: each of its robotic muscles can activate as much as 50 times per second. The group is also working to design a glove that allows you to “feel” objects in virtual reality.
32. What is a big feature of the new display
A. The flexibility of its shape. B. Its quick response to instructions.
C. Its good sense of the environment. D. The great strength of its robotic muscles.
33. What is a possible application of similar technologies
A. The system to pick high-quality fruits. B. Robotic operation in medical surgeries.
C. Touch sensory function in virtual reality. D. Real-time monitoring of environmental conditions.
34. Why is the development of artificial organs mentioned
A. To introduce sTISSUE to the public. B. To stress the advantage of soft materials.
C. To highlight their impact on medical research. D. To explain the inspiration for the new display.
35. What does the underlined word “shifter” in the last paragraph probably mean
A. Clearer. B. Faster. C. Smoother. D. Lighter.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
We are familiar with the button, but no one knows for sure when it came into being. The button might have shown up as early as 2,000 BCE. ___36___ Just something pretty sewn onto your clothes. Then about 3,000 years later, someone finally invented the buttonhole, and buttons were suddenly useful.
The button is such a great invention. Not only does it slip through the buttonhole, but then it kind of falls into place. ___37___ The design of a button hasn’t changed much since the Middle Ages. It’s one of the most lasting designs in history.
For me, the best buttons are usually round. There’s either a dome (圆顶状) button with a little shank (柄), or there’s just this sort of round thing with either a rim (边) or not, either two holes or four holes. ___38___ And the way you figure out its size is: the diameter (直径) of the button plus the width of the button, plus a little bit of room.
Before buttons, clothes were bigger — they were kind of used for covering, and people just wrapped themselves in those things. But then fashion moved closer to the body as we discovered uses for the button. ___39___
I think the reason why buttons have lasted for so long, historically, is that they actually work to keep our clothes shut. Zippers break; Velcro (魔术贴) makes a lot of noise, and it wears out after a while. If a button falls off, you just sew that thing on. ___40___ It’s not just the most elemental design ever, it’s also such a crazy fashion statement.
A. A button is there for the long run.
B. The shapes of buttons are not fixed.
C. It was decorative when it first started.
D. It plays an important role in the production of clothes.
E. It was the very way to make clothes fit the body perfectly.
F. Thus we’re completely secure, like it’s never going to open.
G. Almost more important than the button is to determine the buttonhole.
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
Today, the Braille writing system is the most well-known language system used by blind people all over the world to read and write. It was ____41____ by Louis Braille, a young blind child at the age of 12, to ____42____ the way blind people read books at the time.
At age 10, Louis Braille got a(n) ____43____ provided by France’s National Institution of Blind Youth, where he took up piano. It was there that he first heard a(n) ____44____, given by a soldier, who told the children about a code (代码) his fellow soldiers used to communicate without ____45____, at night, in battle.
Braille was very ____46____ and realized that the writing system could actually be adapted to a writing/reading system ____47____ to the blind. He set out and worked to ____48____ the soldier’s code. After two years of hard work, Braille ____49____ the now-familiar six-dot alphabet-based (基于字母表的) code. He continued to work on the system over time, ____50____ developing a machine with a friend that let blind people type in the regular alphabet.
Braille published his system when he was 20. Despite the ____51____ from his fellow blind students, the system was refused by some ____52____ and school board members—they ____53____ that blind people might take away their jobs.
Braille ____54____ as a teacher and musician, but his system didn’t spread beyond the institution. It was only after his death that the system caught attention and became the ____55____ way blind people read and write around the world.
41. A. ignored B. invented C. analyzed D. accepted
42. A. improve B. recommend C. stress D. advocate
43. A. requirement B. introduction C. scholarship D. response
44. A. suggestion B. announcement C. lecture D. argument
45. A. thinking B. marking C. moving D. speaking
46. A. tired B. upset C. confused D. interested
47. A. familiar B. beneficial C. fair D. safe
48. A. perfect B. defend C. remove D. share
49. A. figured out B. looked into C. carried on D. picked up
50. A. originally B. regularly C. eventually D. apparently
51. A. decision B. comment C. praise D. doubt
52. A. pianists B. interviewers C. soldiers D. instructors
53. A. hoped B. feared C. confirmed D. promised
54. A. recovered B. succeeded C. struggled D. judged
55. A. common B. similar C. easy D. rare
第二节：(共10个小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Papermaking is one of the four great inventions of ancient China, along with printing, gunpowder and the compass. It is also the crystallization of ____56____ (wise) of ancient Chinese people. Among various types of handmade paper in China, Xuan paper is famous for its close links to traditional calligraphy and ink paintings.
The term Xuan paper first appeared in On Famous Paintings through the Ages, a book written by Zhang Yanyuan in Tang Dynasty (618-907), ____57____ he described Xuan paper as ____58____ ideal carrier for calligraphy and painting. Handmade Xuan paper from Jingxian county, East China’s Anhui province, ____59____ (list) as a present to the imperial court for its supreme quality during the period.
The traditional craft of making Xuan paper is extremely ____60____ (demand). Sandalwood (檀香树) bark, a plant native ____61____ southern China, goes through 108 ____62____ (procedure) together with rice straw over the course of three years before it can transform into a batch of fine Xuan paper. The entire procedure is so complex that even the most skilled craftsman can only master limited number of steps.
The flow of ink, both guided and resisted by water, determines the output of Chinese art, and Xuan paper outshines others with its excellent ability ____63____ (give) full play to ink.
Xuan paper ____64____ (accompany) the passionate brushstrokes of the Chinese literati (文人) for thousands of years. Unlike other forms of paper, it is very resistant to the damage brought by time. It is this durability ____65____ has made the preservation of many valuable works from ancient China possible.
第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 应用文写作(满分15分)
66. 假如你是李华，你校正在举办题为“The person whose lifelong passion impresses me most”的英语作文大赛，请写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1. 人物简介及成就；
2. 对我的影响。
注意：
1. 词数80词左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I was always the little girl who played with magnets on the kitchen floor. I pieced together model roller coasters and exhausted a lot of science kits. Learning from my dad as he designed robots, I formed my own ideas, including an automatic breakfast machine. At 14 years old, I applied to my high school’s Academy of Science, Engineering, and High Technology. As is unfortunately typical in engineering, female students were critically underrepresented in this academy-there were a mere twenty of us out of ninety total students. This was a tough challenge for me: as an ambitious female engineer, I needed to advocate my own talents and abilities in a field where women are often marginalized(边缘化).
Within the first month of the freshman year, we began our first project: a wooden can-crusher(压罐器).I had worked on projects with boys before， but those were nothing like this. The three of us had one month to research, design, build, and test our device-a month full of arguing and frustration. My suggestions were turned down. And I was assigned the “default(默认的)female role” of timekeeper and documentation. I wasn’t expected to be capable of contributing to anything else. We finished with a functional can-crusher, but I knew this was not how I wanted to continue as a female engineer.
By the time junior year rolled around, it was time to face the year-long Engineering Design and Development (EDD) project and state competition. When I agreed to work with two other girls, I had no idea that this would entirely change my perspective of my ability as a team member, a leader and an engineer. For this competition, we created a garage parking aidto help drivers prevent side-view mirror damage. Within our team, we created a safe space where we all valued each other’s input and carried equal responsibilities. After countless experiments and sleepless nights, we were awarded third place at EDD State, which helped me find the confidence I didn’t have before.
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Then came the final year-long project for me, an academy senior.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thanks to all these experiences, I’ve grown a lot.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________江西省上饶市铅山县第一中学2023-2024学年高二上学期1月考试英语试题
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
How long is the park open on Saturdays
A. 10 hours. B. 9 hours. C. 13 hours.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: Hello, Aqua Park. Can I help you
W: Yes, please. I’d like some information. Are you open on Saturdays
M: We’re open every day, from 9: 00 in the morning until 6: 00 pm. But on Saturdays we close much later, at 10: 00 pm.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. A book. B. A movie. C. A song.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: That was so good! I’m so glad I read the book first, otherwise I wouldn’t have understood most of the story.
W: I agree. The music was also really good, and the acting, too.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Who probably picked the woman’s peaches
A. Her son. B. The man. C. Her neighbor.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: Someone must have stolen fruit from my garden. Nearly all my peaches were gone. Have you seen anyone around my garden
M: No, but I saw your son selling peaches outside the cinema this afternoon. And your neighbor Charles bought some and said they taste good.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Why does the woman think the man is lying
A. He is a dishonest person.
B. His body language tells it.
C. She has already known the truth.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: I don’t believe a word you are saying. Stop trying to be nice, and just tell me the truth.
M: I’m being honest with you! Why do you always think I’m lying
W: Because you always touch your nose when you lie!
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What are the speakers discussing
A. How fruits were harvested.
B. Why the fruit sales increased.
C. What caused the low price of fruits.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: This year our sales increased by 23%.
W: What caused the increase
M: Well, the harvest of oranges, bananas and some other fruits was good. Prices dropped and so sales increased.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. What relation is the man to the woman
A. Her job advisor. B. Her classmate. C. Her neighbor.
7. How does the man suggest the woman find dogs to walk
A. By phoning people.
B. By asking door to door.
C. By advertising in the newspaper.
【答案】6. B 7. C
【解析】
【原文】W: I need to make some money to pay my next term’s school fee. Do you know of any part-time jobs
M: How about delivering newspapers I know that John from our class did it last year.
W: I already thought of that, but I don’t have a bike.
M: Then how about walking dogs You know, there’re a lot of people around the neighborhood with dogs.
W: Sounds interesting. But how can I find dogs to walk
M: You can put an advertisement in the Sunday newspaper.
W: Thank you. I’ll phone the newspaper right now.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. What is the man’s problem
A He forgot his password. B. He can’t use the system. C. He can’t find his computer.
9. Where is the computer services office
A. Beside the stairs. B. At the back of the lift. C. Next to the reception desk.
【答案】8. B 9. A
【解析】
【原文】M: Hi, June. Have you had any trouble using the system this morning I can’t use my computer.
W: There was a power failure last night, and all of our passwords were lost. You have to go to the computer services office to set up a new one.
M: Oh, great. That’s the office on the first floor next to the reception desk, right
W: It’s on the first floor, but it’s beside the stairs at the back. You’ll have to turn left when you come out of the lift.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
10. What does the man want to do in the beginning
A. Buy a refrigerator. B. Repair a refrigerator. C. Return a refrigerator.
11 What does the woman do with the situation
A. She lowers the price. B. She corrects the instructions. C. She explains the method of use.
12. How does the man sound at the end
A. Confused. B. Embarrassed. C. Disappointed.
【答案】10. C 11. C 12. B
【解析】
【原文】M: I bought this power-saving refrigerator here last month. But it turned out to waste more electricity. I need to return it unless you can give me a reasonable explanation.
W: I’m sorry, sir. Please allow us to check it first.
M: No problem. I spent a large amount of money on it, and I must say I’m really disappointed.
W: Sir, are you sure you were using it according to the instructions
M: Not really. Why ask
W: Because the power-saving function is not automatic. You see, there’s a small button here. You need to press it to enable the power-saving function. Now, do you still insist on returning it or would you like to give it another try
M: Oh, this is embarrassing. I was being stupid without reading the instructions. I’ll keep it.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
13. In what way was the handshake impressing
A. Flexi shook hands with a human for the first time.
B. Flexi offered to shake hands with the woman.
C. Flexi moved his hand just as the woman did.
14. Where are Flexi’s visual sensors
A. In his head. B. In his hands. C. In his chest.
15. When did the first version of the robot come into being
A. In 1993. B. In 2000. C. In 2023.
16. What can we learn about Flexi
A. He is used in special situations.
B. He is controlled by a computer system in the phone.
C. He can perform tasks itself.
【答案】13. C 14. A 15. B 16. C
【解析】
【原文】W: Tonight on our show, we have Professor Phillip Jacob. And with him, Flexi, the world’s most advanced robot.
M: Good evening. I am very pleased to be here with my friend, Flexi.
W: Good evening, Flexi. And let me tell all of you that this is definitely the first time I have ever shaken hands with a real live robot! That handshake was rather impressing - he was able to move his hand exactly at the right times and at the same speed as l moved my hand!
M: He has two visual sensors in his head, and he can also sense movement and pressure in his hands. He is able to recognize your hand movements as a wish to shake hands.
W: Amazing! Tell us a little about how Flexi came into being.
M: Well, Flexi is the latest of twelve versions of the robot since we started developing it in around 1993. It took us seven years to invent the first one. in the following 23 years, our aim has always been to produce a robot which can help people in their everyday tasks.
W: Does Flexi have someone controlling him offstage
M: No, he’s able to get things done by himself thanks to a high tech computer system which he carries around with him.
W: I can’t see anything. Where is it then
M: It’s actually located inside his chest area.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17. When did Stephen Hawking first get sick
A. At the age of 21. B. At the age of 23. C. At the age of 25.
18. What did Stephen Hawking lose first
A. The use of his legs. B. The power of speech. C. The use of his arms.
19. What did Stephen Hawking realize in the 1990s
A. He was going to live at least two more years.
B. He was one of Britain’s most important figures.
C. He should represent the disabled community more.
20. Who signed the Charter for the Third Millennium on Disability
A. Doctors.
B. Governments.
C. Hawking and 11 other stars.
【答案】17. A 18. B 19. C 20. C
【解析】
【原文】Stephen Hawking was a world famous scientist, speaker, teacher, and author. His wheelchair and the special machine he used to talk made him easy to recognize. Hawking had a rare disease that started young and developed slowly. In 1963, Hawking was told he had health problems. Hawking was 21, and the doctors thought he might live for two more years. But Hawking never gave up. Even after he lost the power of speech, and later, the use of his arms and legs, Hawking was determined not to let that illness destroy his mind as well. Hawking was a member of the Royal Society of Arts and the Pontifical Academy of Sciences. He also received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest award given in the United States. Starting in the 1990s, Hawking accepted that he was a role model for disabled people, giving lectures and raising money. At the turn of the century, he and 11 other stars signed the Charter for the Third Millennium on Disability, which called on governments to protect the rights of the disabled. No wonder Hawking was voted as the 25th most important British person in history.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑
A
Here’re some of the excellent inventions in 2023. Which one do you like most
Whiter Paint
The paint on a white building reflects 80 to 90% of the sunlight that strikes it. The rest of the light warms the surrounding area, raising air-conditioning bills. But the Whiter Paint is made of chemicals that better reflect UV rays. It reflects up to 98% of the sunlight, which could reduce AC use by 40%. “The heat is reflected into deep space,” says Xiulin Ruan, who led the Purdue University team that created the paint.
Duolingo app
Now you can take music lessons on a smartphone using this app, which uses an on-screen piano to teach basics such as harmony and beat. You learn by interacting with more than 200 popular pieces of music. Just match sounds to notes and play along. “You don’t need natural talent to learn music,” says Karen Chow, who’s a learning scientist at Duolingo.
Model A
Model A, developed by Alef Aeronautics, is a two-seat all-electric vehicle with a flight range of 110 miles. And it looks as if it were made to be parked in a garage. In July, 2023, the Federal Aviation Administration gave Ale f permission to take the vehicle on test flights. The company hopes to deliver the first Model A by 2026.
Moonwalkers
They’re actually battery-powered shoes with wheels. They let you walk normally—just faster and more easily. Moonwalkers, made by Shift Robotics, use AI to sense when you’re speeding up or slowing down, and adjust themselves accordingly. With it, you can walk at speeds up to seven miles per hour.
21. What is special about Whiter Paint
A. It warms our buildings. B. It powers air conditioners.
C. It makes us feel cooler. D. It absorbs more sunlight.
22. Which one is being tested
A. Whiter Paint. B. Duolingo app.
C. Moonwalkers. D. Model A.
23. What do the listed inventions have in common
A. They are supported by AI technology. B. They can help us live an easier life.
C. They were created by college teams. D. They are favored by the disabled.
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了2023年的一些杰出发明。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。由文章Whiter Paint部分中“The paint on a white building reflects 80 to 90% of the sunlight that strikes it. The rest of the light warms the surrounding area, raising air-conditioning bills. But the Whiter Paint is made of chemicals that better reflect UV rays. It reflects up to 98% of the sunlight, which could reduce AC use by 40%. “The heat is reflected into deep space,” says Xiulin Ruan, who led the Purdue University team that created the paint. (白色建筑上的油漆会反射80%到90%的阳光。其余的光线使周围地区变暖，增加了空调费用。但是，更白的油漆是由能更好地反射紫外线的化学物质制成的。它可以反射98%的阳光，这可以减少40%的交流电使用。“热量被反射到太空深处，”普渡大学团队的负责人阮秀林说。)”可知，这种白漆由能更好地反射紫外线，让我们感觉更凉爽。故选C。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。由文章Model A部分中“In July, 2023, the Federal Aviation Administration gave Ale f permission to take the vehicle on test flights. The company hopes to deliver the first Model A by 2026. (2023年7月，美国联邦航空管理局允许波音公司进行试飞。该公司希望在2026年前交付第一辆A型车。)”可知，A型车正在被测试。故选D。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。由文章Whiter Paint部分中“The paint on a white building reflects 80 to 90% of the sunlight that strikes it. The rest of the light warms the surrounding area, raising air-conditioning bills. But the Whiter Paint is made of chemicals that better reflect UV rays. It reflects up to 98% of the sunlight, which could reduce AC use by 40%. “The heat is reflected into deep space,” says Xiulin Ruan, who led the Purdue University team that created the paint. (白色建筑上的油漆会反射80%到90%的阳光。其余的光线使周围地区变暖，增加了空调费用。但是，更白的油漆是由能更好地反射紫外线的化学物质制成的。它可以反射98%的阳光，这可以减少40%的交流电使用。“热量被反射到太空深处，”普渡大学团队的负责人阮秀林说。)”可知，这种白漆由能更好地反射紫外线，让我们感觉更凉爽。由文章Duolingo app部分中“Now you can take music lessons on a smartphone, using this app, which uses an on-screen piano to teach basics such as harmony and beat. (现在，你可以使用这款应用在智能手机上上音乐课，它使用屏幕上的钢琴来教授和声和节拍等基础知识。)”、由文章Model A部分中“Model A, developed by Ale f Aeronautics, is a two-seat all-electric vehicle with a flight range of 110 miles. (A型由Alef航空公司开发，是一款双座全电动汽车，飞行距离为110英里。)”、由文章Moonwalkers部分中“They let you walk normally—just faster and more easily. (它们能让你正常走路——只是走得更快、更轻松。)”可知，这些发明可以帮助我们过上更轻松的生活。故选B。
B
Are your childhood memories closely connected with cycling Perhaps you even remember the pride in getting your first bike on your birthday, complete with streamers (装饰彩纸条) coming out of the handlebars, and the excitement of coasting down the tallest hill in town When we were children, biking gave us independence, a sense of self, adventure and excitement, but city biking poses challenges to us when we are adults.
Obviously, biking brings a number of benefits to the riders, but why aren’t there more bikers on city roads Goodordering, a company that designs bags to suit modern active lifestyles, conducted a survey and found out that the number one factor preventing people from biking to work was the realization of road safety”—sharing the road with cars can be dangerous.
Omar Bakhshi, a UK-based developer, experienced this first-hand. A car brushed against him while he was cycling, leaving him with an injury that impacted his taste and smell for life. Bakhshi realized what happened to him wasn’t unusual. Because bikers often experience close encounters (相撞) with cars, Bakhshi set out to make the roads safer for urban cyclists to use.
His company, Tether, is launching a small sensor that goes on a bike’s handlebars. As the biker rides through the city, the device projects (投影) a “safety zone” of lights onto the pavement. The hope is that these lights will force car drivers to sit up and pay attention to the rules of sharing the road. If cars get too close to the biker’s personal space, the lights will start shining.
What makes Bakhsh’s device different from similar devices on the market is its smart features. Tether’s device collects data from close encounters with cars and then the data is organized into a central database. The data can be accessed by bikers to determine which streets are safer for cyclists and choose a route to avoid areas that have a large number of close encounters with cars.
24. How does the author lead readers to the topic
A. By introducing an exciting biking trip.
B. By comparing the past and the present.
C. By describing his favorite exercise in cities.
D. By listing some popular birthday gifts for children.
25. What can we say about Omar Bakhshi according to Paragraph 3
A. He stressed the importance of teamwork.
B. His company faced a lot of challenges at first.
C. He was advised by many bikers to develop a cycling device.
D. His biking experience inspired him to improve cycling safety.
26. How does Tether’s device work
A. It guides the biker and warns car drivers.
B. It reduces the harm caused by an accident.
C. It enables car drivers to see traffic lights clearly.
D. It reminds the biker to share special lanes with other bikers.
27. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Cycling Makes A Better World
B. Road Safety Problems in The UK
C. A Man Has Realized His Childhood Dream.
D. New Technology Improves Your Cycling Safety
【答案】24. B 25. D 26. A 27. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一家公司为了让骑行更安全正在推出一款安装在自行车车把上的小型传感器，该传感器会提醒骑自行车的人注意安全并且会基于数据提供更安全的路线。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Are your childhood memories closely connected with cycling Perhaps you even remember the pride in getting your first bike on your birthday, complete with streamers(装饰彩纸条)coming out of the handlebars, and the excitement of coasting down the tallest hill in town When we were children, biking gave us independence, a sense of self, adventure and excitement, but city biking poses challenges to us when we are adults.(你的童年记忆和自行车有密切的联系吗 也许你还记得在生日那天得到你的第一辆自行车时的骄傲，那辆自行车的车把上挂满了彩带，你还记得从镇上最高的山上滑下来时的兴奋？当我们还是孩子的时候，骑自行车给了我们独立、自我、冒险和兴奋的感觉，但当我们长大后，城市骑自行车给我们带来了挑战。)”结合下文陈述城市骑自行车的人越来越少的原因及一些解决办法可知，作者通过比较过去骑自行车和现在自行车的不同从而引导读者进入主题。故选B。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Omar Bakhshi, a UK-based developer, experienced this first-hand. A car brushed against him while he was cycling, leaving him with an injury that impacted his taste and smell for life. Bakhshi realized what happened to him wasn’t unusual. Because bikers often experience close encounters(相撞) with cars, Bakhshi set out to make the roads safer for urban cyclists to use.(Omar Bakhshi是一名英国开发者，他亲身经历了这一点。他在骑车时被一辆汽车擦过，留下的伤影响了他一生的味觉和嗅觉。Bakhshi意识到发生在他身上的事情并不罕见。由于骑自行车的人经常会与汽车近距离接触，Bakhshi开始着手让城市骑自行车的人使用的道路更安全。)”可知，Bakhshi曾经在骑自行车的时候受伤了，这一经历让他激励他着手让城市骑自行车的人使用的道路更安全。故选D。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“His company, Tether, is launching a small sensor that goes on a bike’s handlebars. As the biker rides through the city, the device projects (投影) a “safety zone” of lights onto the pavement. The hope is that these lights will force car drivers to sit up and pay attention to the rules of sharing the road. If cars get too close to the biker’s personal space, the lights will start shining.(他的公司Tether正在推出一款安装在自行车车把上的小型传感器。当骑自行车的人在城市中骑行时，该装置会在人行道上投射出一个“安全地带”的灯光。他们希望这些信号灯能迫使汽车司机警惕，注意共享道路的规则。如果汽车太靠近骑自行车的人的私人空间，灯就会亮起来。)”可知，Tether正在推出一款安装在自行车车把上的小型传感器，当人们骑行时，该传感器会在会在人行道上投射出一个“安全地带”的灯光，引导骑行的人，并提醒汽车司机注意共享道路的规则，及该设备引导骑车人并警告汽车车主。故选A。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“His company, Tether, is launching a small sensor that goes on a bike’s handlebars. As the biker rides through the city, the device projects (投影) a “safety zone” of lights onto the pavement. The hope is that these lights will force car drivers to sit up and pay attention to the rules of sharing the road. If cars get too close to the biker’s personal space, the lights will start shining.(他的公司Tether正在推出一款安装在自行车车把上的小型传感器。当骑自行车的人在城市中骑行时，该装置会在人行道上投射出一个“安全地带”的灯光。他们希望这些信号灯能迫使汽车司机坐直身体，注意共享道路的规则。如果汽车太靠近骑自行车的人的私人空间，灯就会亮起来。)”以及最后一段“Tether’s device collects data from close encounters with cars and then the data is organized into a central database. The data can be accessed by bikers to determine which streets are safer for cyclists and choose a route to avoid areas that have a large number of close encounters with cars.(Tether的设备从与汽车的近距离接触中收集数据，然后将数据组织到一个中央数据库中。骑自行车的人可以访问这些数据，以确定哪些街道对骑自行车的人更安全，并选择一条路线，避开与汽车有大量近距离接触的区域。)”可知，文章主要介绍了Tether推出的一款安装在自行车车把上的小型传感器，该传感器可以帮助人们的骑行更安全。故选D。
C
Plenty of scientific work proves that children, and even adults, who learn sign language, gain the benefits not only in the ability to communicate with other sign language users, but also in the wider academic world.
Deaf children who learn sign language at an early age tend to perform better academically. This is partly due to their increased ability to communicate with those around them. However, it is also because sign language is not, as many people mistakenly think, a system of gestures representing words, but a complete and complex language system. Thus, children who learn sign language have already learnt about the way language works, which will help in future studies.
Again, for non-deaf children and adults who learn sign language, the academic advantages spill over into social and cultural ones. Firstly, learning sign language allows the speaker to communicate with a whole new community of people and gain an understanding of how they communicate within their community. Secondly, learning a language gives rise to greater confidence for that person, as he is able to communicate with someone who may struggle to do so. And the skills of language learning can easily be applied to learning other languages but also to other academic pursuits.
There can be no doubt that learning sign language is a useful endeavour for anyone — whether they are deaf themselves and live in a house with other deaf people or whether they are non-deaf and do not know anyone who is. The social, cultural and academic advantages of learning this complex language are diverse and should not be taken lightly. And, especially with children, learning a language which helps people with a disadvantage may encourage them in the future to do more — volunteering and other such work. This means that the non-deaf child can be given a sense of social responsibility at an early age and taught to embrace (接受) all people — not in spite of their differences but because of them.
28. What is sign language according to the author
A. It is a creative way of expressing ideas. B. It is a complete complex language system.
C. It is a primary language of disabled people. D. It is a system of gestures representing words.
29. What does the underlined word “endeavour” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Attempt. B. Experiment. C. Incident. D. Feedback.
30. What quality can a non-deaf child who learns sign language acquire
A. Being competitive. B. Being courageous.
C. Being responsible. D. Being positive.
31. What conclusion can we draw from the text
A. Learning sign language brings people an advantage of finding a future job.
B. The numerous advantages of learning sign language should be taken seriously.
C. Non-deaf children should learn sign language due to the differences of the deaf people .
D. It’s unnecessary for non-deaf person who doesn’t know any deaf people to learn sign language.
【答案】28. B 29. A 30. C 31. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了手语的优势众多且丰富。学习手语可以为人们带来学术优势，无论他们是否可以听到或耳聋，这种优势还会蔓延到社会和文化领域。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However, it is also because sign language is not, as many people mistakenly think, a system of gestures representing words, but a complete and complex language system.(然而，这也是因为手语并不像许多人错误地认为的那样，是一个代表文字的手势系统，而是一个完整而复杂的语言系统)”可知，作者认为手语是一个完整的复杂的语言系统。故选B。
【29题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“whether they are deaf themselves and live in a house with other deaf people or whether they are non-deaf and do not know anyone who is. The social, cultural and academic advantages of learning this complex language are diverse and should not be taken lightly.(无论他们自己是聋哑人，与其他聋哑人住在一起，还是他们不是聋哑人，但不认识聋哑人。学习这门复杂的语言在社会、文化和学术方面的优势是多样的，不应该被轻视)”可知，学习手语对任何人来说都是有好处的，因此是一项有益的努力。由此可知，划线词endeavour与attempt“努力”意思一致。故选A。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“This means that the non-deaf child can be given a sense of social responsibility at an early age and taught to embrace (接受) all people — not in spite of their differences but because of them.(这意味着非聋哑儿童可以在很小的时候就被赋予社会责任感，并被教导去拥抱所有的人——不是无视他们的不同，而是因为他们的不同)”可推知，学习手语使得非聋儿童可以在很小的时候就被赋予社会责任感。故选C。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Plenty of scientific work proves that children, and even adults, who learn sign language, gain the benefits not only in the ability to communicate with other sign language users, but also in the wider academic world.(大量的科学研究证明，学习手语的儿童，甚至成年人，不仅在与其他手语使用者交流的能力上受益，而且在更广泛的学术领域也受益)”以及下文内容可知，文章论述了学习手语的优势，从学术优势蔓延到社会和文化领域，对聋哑人和非聋哑人，孩子及成年人来说，学习手语都是有益的。由此推知，学习手语的许多好处应该被认真对待。故选B。
D
Imagine an iPad that’s more than just an iPad — with a surface that can change shapes, potentially allowing you to draw 3D designs and even hold your partner’s hand from an ocean away. That’s the vision of a team of engineers from the University of Colorado Boulder. In a new study, they’ve created a one-of-a-kind shape-shifting display that fits on a card table. The device is made from a 10-by-10 grid (网格) of soft robotic “muscles” that can sense outside pressure and pop up to create patterns. It may also deliver something even rarer: the sense of touch in a digital age.
The group’s innovation builds off a class of soft robots pioneered by a team led by Christoph Keplinger, formerly an assistant professor of mechanical engineering at CU Boulder. The original model isn’t ready for the market yet, but the researchers envision that, one day, similar technologies could lead to sensory gloves for virtual gaming or a smart conveyor belt that can sort different items like selecting apples from bananas.
The project has its origins in the search for a different kind of technology: artificial organs. In 2017, researchers led by Mark Rentschler, professor of mechanical engineering and biomedical engineering, were developing what they called sTISSUE — soft organs that behave and feel like real human body parts but are made entirely out of silicone-like materials. “ You could use these artificial organs to help develop medical devices or surgical robotic tools for much less cost than using real animal tissue,” said Rentschler, a co-author of the new study.
In developing that technology, however, the team landed on the idea of a tabletop display. If you pass an electric current through the actuators (执行器), the surface will change shape and jump up. The actuators also include soft, magnetic sensors that can detect the pressure when you push them, which allows for some fun activities.
Other research teams have developed similar smart tablets, but the CU Boulder display is softer, takes up a lot less room and is much shifter: each of its robotic muscles can activate as much as 50 times per second. The group is also working to design a glove that allows you to “feel” objects in virtual reality.
32. What is a big feature of the new display
A. The flexibility of its shape. B. Its quick response to instructions.
C. Its good sense of the environment. D. The great strength of its robotic muscles.
33. What is a possible application of similar technologies
A. The system to pick high-quality fruits. B. Robotic operation in medical surgeries.
C. Touch sensory function in virtual reality. D. Real-time monitoring of environmental conditions.
34. Why is the development of artificial organs mentioned
A. To introduce sTISSUE to the public. B. To stress the advantage of soft materials.
C. To highlight their impact on medical research. D. To explain the inspiration for the new display.
35. What does the underlined word “shifter” in the last paragraph probably mean
A. Clearer. B. Faster. C. Smoother. D. Lighter.
【答案】32. A 33. C 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种可变形显示器，该设备由一个10 × 10网格的柔软机器人“肌肉”组成，可以感知外部压力并弹出图案。它还可能带来更罕见的东西：数字时代的触觉。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“In a new study, they’ve created a one-of-a-kind shape-shifting display that fits on a card table.(在一项新的研究中，他们创造了一种独一无二的可变形显示器，可以放在牌桌上)”可知，新显示屏的一大特点是形状的灵活性。故选A。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The original model isn’t ready for the market yet, but the researchers envision that, one day, similar technologies could lead to sensory gloves for virtual gaming or a smart conveyor belt that can sort different items like selecting apples from bananas.(最初的模型还没有准备好上市，但研究人员设想，有一天，类似的技术可能会导致虚拟游戏的感官手套或智能传送带，可以对不同的物品进行分类，比如从香蕉中挑选苹果)”可知，类似技术的可能应用是虚拟现实中的触觉感知功能。故选C。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“The project has its origins in the search for a different kind of technology: artificial organs. In 2017, researchers led by Mark Rentschler, professor of mechanical engineering and biomedical engineering, were developing what they called sTISSUE—soft organs that behave and feel like real human body parts but are made entirely out of silicone-like materials.(该项目源于对另一种技术的探索：人造器官。2017年，由机械工程和生物医学工程教授马克·伦奇勒领导的研究人员正在开发他们所谓的stissue——软器官，其行为和感觉都像真正的人体部位，但完全由类似硅的材料制成)”可知，提到了人造器官的发展是为了解释新展示的灵感。故选D。
【35题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“each of its robotic muscles can activate as much as 50 times per second”可知，它的每个机器人肌肉每秒可以激活多达50次，可见更迅速、更快了。故划线词意思是“更快”。故选B。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
We are familiar with the button, but no one knows for sure when it came into being. The button might have shown up as early as 2,000 BCE. ___36___ Just something pretty sewn onto your clothes. Then about 3,000 years later, someone finally invented the buttonhole, and buttons were suddenly useful.
The button is such a great invention. Not only does it slip through the buttonhole, but then it kind of falls into place. ___37___ The design of a button hasn’t changed much since the Middle Ages. It’s one of the most lasting designs in history.
For me, the best buttons are usually round. There’s either a dome (圆顶状) button with a little shank (柄), or there’s just this sort of round thing with either a rim (边) or not, either two holes or four holes. ___38___ And the way you figure out its size is: the diameter (直径) of the button plus the width of the button, plus a little bit of room.
Before buttons, clothes were bigger — they were kind of used for covering, and people just wrapped themselves in those things. But then fashion moved closer to the body as we discovered uses for the button. ___39___
I think the reason why buttons have lasted for so long, historically, is that they actually work to keep our clothes shut. Zippers break; Velcro (魔术贴) makes a lot of noise, and it wears out after a while. If a button falls off, you just sew that thing on. ___40___ It’s not just the most elemental design ever, it’s also such a crazy fashion statement.
A. A button is there for the long run.
B. The shapes of buttons are not fixed.
C. It was decorative when it first started.
D. It plays an important role in the production of clothes.
E. It was the very way to make clothes fit the body perfectly.
F. Thus we’re completely secure, like it’s never going to open.
G. Almost more important than the button is to determine the buttonhole.
【答案】36. C 37. F 38. G 39. E 40. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了纽扣的发明历史以及优点。
【36题详解】
根据上文“We are familiar with the button, but no one knows for sure when it came into being. The button might have shown up as early as 2,000 BCE.(我们对按钮很熟悉，但没有人确切知道它是什么时候出现的。纽扣可能早在公元前2000年就出现了)”以及后文“Just something pretty sewn onto your clothes.(只是缝在你衣服上的漂亮东西)”可知，后文提到纽扣只是缝在你衣服上的漂亮东西，说明只是装饰作用。故C选项“它刚开始的时候是装饰性的”符合语境，故选C。
【37题详解】
根据上文“The button is such a great invention. Not only does it slip through the buttonhole, but then it kind of falls into place.(纽扣是一项伟大的发明。它不仅会从扣眼里滑出来，而且还会落在合适的位置上)”可知，本句与上文构成因果关系，指出纽扣的特点和好处：完全安全的，就像它永远不会打开一样。故F选项“因此我们是完全安全的，就像它永远不会打开一样”符合语境，故选F。
【38题详解】
根据后文“And the way you figure out its size is: the diameter (直径) of the button plus the width of the button, plus a little bit of room.(计算它的大小的方法是：按钮的直径加上按钮的宽度，再加上一点空间)”可知，本句是在说明确定纽扣孔。故G选项“确定钮扣孔几乎比钮扣更重要”符合语境，故选G。
【39题详解】
根据上文“Before buttons, clothes were bigger—they were kind of used for covering, and people just wrapped themselves in those things. But then fashion moved closer to the body as we discovered uses for the button.(在纽扣出现之前，衣服更大——它们是用来遮盖的，人们只是把自己裹在那些东西里。但是当我们发现纽扣的用途时，时尚就更贴近身体了)”可知，上文提到了纽扣的发明使得时尚更贴近身体，说明纽扣可以让衣服更加贴身。故E选项“这是使衣服完全适合身体的方法”符合语境，故选E。
【40题详解】
根据上文“Zippers break; Velcro (魔术贴) makes a lot of noise, and it wears out after a while. If a button falls off, you just sew that thing on.(拉链打破；魔术贴会发出很大的噪音，而且用一段时间就会磨损。如果扣子掉了，你就把它缝上去)”以及后文“It’s not just the most elemental design ever, it’s also such a crazy fashion statement.(这不仅是最基本的设计，也是一种疯狂的时尚宣言)”可知，本句是在说明纽扣可以长期使用的特点。故A选项“一个纽扣是可以长期使用的”符合语境，故选A。
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
Today, the Braille writing system is the most well-known language system used by blind people all over the world to read and write. It was ____41____ by Louis Braille, a young blind child at the age of 12, to ____42____ the way blind people read books at the time.
At age 10, Louis Braille got a(n) ____43____ provided by France’s National Institution of Blind Youth, where he took up piano. It was there that he first heard a(n) ____44____, given by a soldier, who told the children about a code (代码) his fellow soldiers used to communicate without ____45____, at night, in battle.
Braille was very ____46____ and realized that the writing system could actually be adapted to a writing/reading system ____47____ to the blind. He set out and worked to ____48____ the soldier’s code. After two years of hard work, Braille ____49____ the now-familiar six-dot alphabet-based (基于字母表的) code. He continued to work on the system over time, ____50____ developing a machine with a friend that let blind people type in the regular alphabet.
Braille published his system when he was 20. Despite the ____51____ from his fellow blind students, the system was refused by some ____52____ and school board members—they ____53____ that blind people might take away their jobs.
Braille ____54____ as a teacher and musician, but his system didn’t spread beyond the institution. It was only after his death that the system caught attention and became the ____55____ way blind people read and write around the world.
41. A. ignored B. invented C. analyzed D. accepted
42. A. improve B. recommend C. stress D. advocate
43. A. requirement B. introduction C. scholarship D. response
44. A. suggestion B. announcement C. lecture D. argument
45. A. thinking B. marking C. moving D. speaking
46. A. tired B. upset C. confused D. interested
47. A. familiar B. beneficial C. fair D. safe
48. A. perfect B. defend C. remove D. share
49. A. figured out B. looked into C. carried on D. picked up
50. A. originally B. regularly C. eventually D. apparently
51. A. decision B. comment C. praise D. doubt
52. A. pianists B. interviewers C. soldiers D. instructors
53. A. hoped B. feared C. confirmed D. promised
54. A. recovered B. succeeded C. struggled D. judged
55. A. common B. similar C. easy D. rare
【答案】41. B 42. A 43. C 44. C 45. D 46. D 47. B 48. A 49. A 50. C 51. C 52. D 53. B 54. B 55. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了法国盲人Louis Braille在一次学校讲座中听到一位士兵讲述战斗中运用代码的故事，受此启发他发明了“布莱叶盲文”。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它是由一个12岁的盲童，路易斯·布莱叶发明的，旨在改善当时盲人的阅读方式。A. ignored忽略；B. invented发明；C. analyzed分析；D. accepted接受。根据下文“Braille published his system when he was 20.”可知，盲文书写系统是由布莱叶发明的。故选B项。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它是由一个12岁的盲童，路易斯·布莱叶发明的，旨在改善当时盲人的阅读方式。A. improve改善；B. recommend推荐；C. stress强调；D. advocate提倡。根据下文“the way blind people read books at the time”以及“Braille was very ____6____ and realized that the writing system could actually be adapted to a writing/reading system ____7____ to the blind.”可知，此处表示布莱叶发明盲文书写系统，目的在于改善当时盲人的阅读方式。故选A项。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：10岁时，路易斯·布莱叶获得了法国国家盲人青年研究所提供的奖学金，在那里他开始学习钢琴。A. requirement要求；B. introduction介绍；C. scholarship奖学金；D. response回答。根据下文“provided by France’s National Institution of Blind Youth, where he took up piano.”可知，布莱叶获得的是法国国家盲人青年研究所提供的奖学金，所以他可以在那里学习钢琴。故选C项。
44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是在那里，他第一次听到了一位士兵的演讲，他告诉孩子们，他的战友们在战斗中经常在晚上不说话的情况下交流。A. suggestion建议；B. announcement公告；C. lecture讲座；D. argument论点。根据下文“given by a soldier, who told the children about a code (代码) his fellow soldiers used to communicate without ____5____ , at night, in battle.”以及常识可知，此处表示一位士兵给孩子们做的讲座。故选C项。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：正是在那里，他第一次听到了一位士兵的演讲，他告诉孩子们，他的战友们在战斗中经常在晚上不说话的情况下交流。A. thinking思考；B. marking做记号；C. moving移动；D. speaking说话。根据上文“who told the children about a code (代码) his fellow soldiers used to communicate without”以及常识可知，在晚上的战斗中，士兵和战友需要保持安静，所以此处表示他们进行交流时并没有说话。故选D项。
【46题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：布莱叶对此非常感兴趣，并意识到书写系统实际上可以适应一种对盲人有益的书写/阅读系统。A. tired累的；B. upset沮丧的；C. confused困惑的；D. interested感兴趣的。根据下文“He set out and worked to ____8____ the soldier’s code.”可知，布莱叶对此非常感兴趣，开始研究士兵们的代码。故选D项。
【47题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：布莱叶对此非常感兴趣，并意识到书写系统实际上可以适应一种对盲人有益的书写/阅读系统。A. familiar熟悉的；B. beneficial有益的；C. fair公平的；D. safe安全的。根据下文“He set out and worked to ____8____ the soldier’s code.”可知，布莱叶开始研究士兵的代码，推测此处表示布莱叶意识到书写系统可能对盲人有益处。故选B项。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他开始工作并努力完善士兵的代码。A. perfect完善；B. defend保卫；C. remove移除；D. share分享。根据下文“After two years of hard work, Braille ____9____ the now-familiar six-dot alphabet-based (基于字母表的) code. He continued to work on the system over time,”可知，布莱叶在努力完善士兵的代码，使其可以适合盲人。故选A项。
【49题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：经过两年的努力，布莱叶算出了现在人们熟悉的六点制基于字母表的代码。A. figured out计算出；B. looked into调查；C. carried on实施；D. picked up捡起。根据下文“the now-familiar six-dot alphabet-based (基于字母表的) code.”可知，此处表示两年的努力之后，布莱叶算出了现在被人们熟悉的代码。故选A项。
【50题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，他继续研究这个系统，最终与一位朋友研发了一台机器，可以让盲人输入普通字母。A. originally原来地；B. regularly定期地；C. eventually最终；D. apparently显然地。根据上文“After two years of hard work, Braille ____9____ the now-familiar six-dot alphabet-based (基于字母表的) code. He continued to work on the system over time,”以及下文“After two years of hard work, Braille ____9____ the now-familiar six-dot alphabet-based (基于字母表的) code. He continued to work on the system over time,”可知，经过努力，最终布莱叶与朋友研发了一台可以让盲人输入普通字母的机器。故选C项。
【51题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管他的盲人同学们对此表示赞扬，但该系统遭到了一些教员和学校董事会成员的拒绝——他们担心盲人可能会抢走他们的工作。A. decision决定；B. comment评论；C. praise赞扬；D. doubt怀疑。根据下文“from his fellow blind students, the system was refused by some ____12____ and school board members—they ____13____ that blind people might take away their jobs.”以及句中的Despite可知，此处表示尽管布莱叶的系统得到了盲人同学的赞扬，但却被一些学校董事会成员拒绝。故选C项。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管他的盲人同学们对此表示赞扬，但该系统遭到了一些教员和学校董事会成员的拒绝——他们担心盲人可能会抢走他们的工作。A. pianists钢琴家；B. interviewers面试官；C. soldiers士兵；D. instructors教员。根据下文“Braille ____14____ as a teacher and musician, but his system didn’t spread beyond the institution.”可知，此处表示学校范围内的一些人员表示拒绝，一些教员和学校董事会成员拒绝布莱叶的系统。故选D项。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管他的盲人同学们对此表示赞扬，但该系统遭到了一些教员和学校董事会成员的拒绝——他们担心盲人可能会抢走他们的工作。A. hoped希望；B. feared担心；C. confirmed证实；D. promised承诺。根据下文“that blind people might take away their jobs.”可知，此处叙述教员和学校董事会成员拒绝的原因，他们担心盲人可能会抢走他们的工作。故选B项。
【54题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：布莱叶作为一名教师和音乐家取得了成功，但他的体系并没有传播到学校之外。A. recovered恢复；B. succeeded成功；C. struggled挣扎；D. judged判断。根据下文“as a teacher and musician, but his system didn’t spread beyond the institution.”可知，句子前后表示转折关系，空处应表示布莱叶作为教师和音乐家是成功的。故选B项。
【55题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：直到他去世后，这个系统才引起人们的注意，并成为世界各地盲人阅读和写作的常见方式。A. common常见的；B. similar相似的；C. easy容易的；D. rare稀有的。根据下文“blind people read and write around the world.”可知，此处表示布莱叶发明的系统成为了世界各地的盲人阅读和书写的常见的方式。故选A项。
第二节：(共10个小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Papermaking is one of the four great inventions of ancient China, along with printing, gunpowder and the compass. It is also the crystallization of ____56____ (wise) of ancient Chinese people. Among various types of handmade paper in China, Xuan paper is famous for its close links to traditional calligraphy and ink paintings.
The term Xuan paper first appeared in On Famous Paintings through the Ages, a book written by Zhang Yanyuan in Tang Dynasty (618-907), ____57____ he described Xuan paper as ____58____ ideal carrier for calligraphy and painting. Handmade Xuan paper from Jingxian county, East China’s Anhui province, ____59____ (list) as a present to the imperial court for its supreme quality during the period.
The traditional craft of making Xuan paper is extremely ____60____ (demand). Sandalwood (檀香树) bark, a plant native ____61____ southern China, goes through 108 ____62____ (procedure) together with rice straw over the course of three years before it can transform into a batch of fine Xuan paper. The entire procedure is so complex that even the most skilled craftsman can only master limited number of steps.
The flow of ink, both guided and resisted by water, determines the output of Chinese art, and Xuan paper outshines others with its excellent ability ____63____ (give) full play to ink.
Xuan paper ____64____ (accompany) the passionate brushstrokes of the Chinese literati (文人) for thousands of years. Unlike other forms of paper, it is very resistant to the damage brought by time. It is this durability ____65____ has made the preservation of many valuable works from ancient China possible.
【答案】56. wisdom
57. where 58. an
59. was listed
60. demanding
61. to 62. procedures
63. to give
64. has accompanied
65. that
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了宣纸的历史和制造工艺。
【56题详解】
考查名词。句意：它也是中国古代人民智慧的结晶。空处作介词of的宾语，结合空后的“of ancient Chinese people”可知，此处应填名词形式，wisdom“智慧”，不可数名词，故填wisdom。
【57题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：“宣纸”一词最早出现在唐代(618-907)张彦远的《历代名画记》中，他在书中把宣纸描述为书画的理想载体。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“On Famous Paintings through the Ages”，关系词在从句中作抽象的地点状语，应用关系副词where引导，故填where。
【58题详解】
考查冠词。句意同上。carrier用作可数名词，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词，且ideal是以元音音素开头，故填an。
【59题详解】
考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意：来自中国东部安徽省泾县的手工宣纸，因其卓越的品质在这一时期被列为朝廷的礼物。主语“Handmade Xuan paper”和动词“list”之间是被动关系，结合时间状语“during the period”可知句子是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语表示单数意义，故填was listed。
【60题详解】
考查形容词。句意：制作宣纸的传统工艺要求极高。空处应填形容词作表语，demanding“要求高的”，形容词，故填demanding。
【61题详解】
考查介词。句意：檀香树皮是一种原产于中国南方的植物，要经过108道工序和稻秆，经过3年的时间才能制成一批精美的宣纸。固定搭配native to…“原产于……”，to是介词，故填to。
【62题详解】
考查名词复数。句意同上。procedure“步骤”，可数名词，由“108”可知，此处应用名词复数形式，故填procedures。
【63题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：水墨的流动，受水的引导和阻力，决定了中国艺术的输出，宣纸以其出色的发挥水墨的能力而出类拔萃。名词ability后常用动词不定式作定语，故填to give。
【64题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：宣纸几千年来伴随着中国文人的激情笔触。根据时间状语“for thousands of years”可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语“Xuan paper”表示单数意义，故填has accompanied。
【65题详解】
考查强调句型。句意：正是这种耐久性使得许多中国古代的珍贵作品得以保存。此处是强调句型“It be+被强调部分+that/who(被强调部分是人时可用who)+其他”，本句中被强调部分是主语“this durability”，故填that。
第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 应用文写作(满分15分)
66. 假如你是李华，你校正在举办题为“The person whose lifelong passion impresses me most”的英语作文大赛，请写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1. 人物简介及成就；
2. 对我的影响。
注意：
1. 词数80词左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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【答案】One possible version:
I have always been impressed by Zhong Nanshan’s lifelong passion — a passion for researching respiratory diseases and finding cures for them.
For years, he has been the leading specialist in respiratory diseases in China. During the outbreak of SARS in 2003, under his guidance, an effective treatment method was discovered, which resulted in the lowest death rate and highest recovery rate for SARS. During the Covid-19 pandemic, Zhong was the leading advisor in managing the crisis, sharing a successful treatment plan with the international community and making great contributions to controlling the disease.
I’m impressed by Doctor Zhong’s lifelong passion.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。学校正在举办题为“给我印象最深刻的有一生的激情的那个人”的英语作文大赛，要求考生写一篇短文参赛。
【详解】1.词汇积累
研究：research→ do research on
病：disease→ illness
主要：leading→ major
指导：guidance→ direction
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：I have always been impressed by Zhong Nanshan’s lifelong passion — a passion for researching respiratory diseases and finding cures for them.
拓展句：Zhong Nanshan’s lifelong passion — a passion for researching respiratory diseases and finding cures for them has always impressed me.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I have always been impressed by Zhong Nanshan’s lifelong passion — a passion for researching respiratory diseases and finding cures for them.（运用了动名词researching和finding作宾语）
【高分句型2】During the outbreak of SARS in 2003, under his guidance, an effective treatment method was discovered, which resulted in the lowest death rate and highest recovery rate for SARS.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I was always the little girl who played with magnets on the kitchen floor. I pieced together model roller coasters and exhausted a lot of science kits. Learning from my dad as he designed robots, I formed my own ideas, including an automatic breakfast machine. At 14 years old, I applied to my high school’s Academy of Science, Engineering, and High Technology. As is unfortunately typical in engineering, female students were critically underrepresented in this academy-there were a mere twenty of us out of ninety total students. This was a tough challenge for me: as an ambitious female engineer, I needed to advocate my own talents and abilities in a field where women are often marginalized(边缘化).
Within the first month of the freshman year, we began our first project: a wooden can-crusher(压罐器).I had worked on projects with boys before， but those were nothing like this. The three of us had one month to research, design, build, and test our device-a month full of arguing and frustration. My suggestions were turned down. And I was assigned the “default(默认的)female role” of timekeeper and documentation. I wasn’t expected to be capable of contributing to anything else. We finished with a functional can-crusher, but I knew this was not how I wanted to continue as a female engineer.
By the time junior year rolled around, it was time to face the year-long Engineering Design and Development (EDD) project and state competition. When I agreed to work with two other girls, I had no idea that this would entirely change my perspective of my ability as a team member, a leader and an engineer. For this competition, we created a garage parking aidto help drivers prevent side-view mirror damage. Within our team, we created a safe space where we all valued each other’s input and carried equal responsibilities. After countless experiments and sleepless nights, we were awarded third place at EDD State, which helped me find the confidence I didn’t have before.
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Then came the final year-long project for me, an academy senior.
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Thanks to all these experiences, I’ve grown a lot.
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【答案】范文
Then came the final year-long project for me, an academy senior. I created a team of people whom I respected and who respected me in return. As a group of two guys and two girls, we all brainstormed, calculated, designed and constructed together. I remember the numerous times when we washed oil and metal remains off our hands together after the laborious work. I also remember we once got stuck with several technical problems, however, we spared no effort to tackle them. After what seemed like centuries, a two-passenger, gasoline-powered go-kart was completed. The other day, when we tested it out at the top speed of 27 mph, we felt excited. At that moment, I felt proud of my team. I felt proud I bravely soldiered on my dreams.
Thanks to all these experiences, I’ve grown a lot. I think I have gained the courage to stand up for myself and the abilities as a leader and a strong team member. In the process of growth, I learn to be patient. I understand the meaning of confidence and cooperation. I want to thank my dad for cultivating my interest in engineering. I know I will encounter many thistles and thorns in the future life, but I don’t fear. I have been determined to succeed as a biomedical engineer, designing and innovating medical equipment to improve healthcare and human life.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者从小喜欢创造，想要成为一名女工程师，经过努力，作者成功地申请了高中的科学、工程和高科技学院，在大一的一个木制压罐器的项目中还是因为是女性被边缘化，为了改变这种状况，作者在大三的时候再次和两个女孩合作研发了车库停车辅助装置，并且获得EDD州立大学第三名。在大学最后一年，作者和自己的团队建造了一辆卡丁车，这些经历也让作者成长了很多。作者决心成为一名成功的生物医学工程师，设计和创新医疗设备，以改善医疗保健和人类生活。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“然后是我，一个学院的大四学生最后一年的项目”可知，第一段可描写作者最后一年的项目情况。
②由第二段首句内容“由于所有这些经历，我成长了很多”可知，第二段可描写作者从这些经历中得出的感悟。
2.续写线索：大四——创建团队——完成卡丁车——测试成功——感到骄傲自豪——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
处理：tackle /deal with
为……奋斗：soldier on /struggle for
尽力：spare no effort to /try one’s best to
情绪类
激动：excited /thrilled
感谢：thank /show gratitude to
【点睛】[高分句型1] After what seemed like centuries, a two-passenger, gasoline-powered go-kart was completed. (运用了what引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] The other day, when we tested it out at the top speed of 27 mph, we felt excited. (运用了when引导时间状语从句)
