松江区2023学年度第一学期期末质量监控试卷
高一英语
（满分150分，完卷时间120分钟）
考生注意：
1. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
2. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写姓名、学校和考号。
3. 答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
I. Listening Comprehension
* The following word and expression might be useful for you in listening comprehension.
indicate [ md ke t] v. 象征 host [h st] family 寄宿家庭
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. $3. B. $5. C. $15. D. $50.
2. A. Husband and wife. B. Mother and son.
C. Salesman and customer. D. Doctor and patient.
3. A. In a cinema. B. In a restaurant.
C. In a bank. D. In a hospital.
4. A. Try living with the noise. B. Get some exercise.
C. Find where the noise comes D. Change the living place.
5. A. Take a good rest. B. Visit Shanghai Museum.
C. Catch up with her art studies. D. Do the art project herself.
6. A. Carry the box downstairs. B. Help the woman downstairs.
C. Bring some books next time. D. Take the stones out of the box.
7. A. A basketball. B. A CD
C. A classical novel. D. A concert ticket.
8. A. Because he was too tired to drive.
B. Because there was a traffic accident.
C. Because there was a problem with the car.
D. Because his little brother called for help
9. A. The woman will send the dog away.
B. Both the speakers are good travelers.
C. The woman brought her pet along on the trip.
D. Both the speakers have a chance to play hard
10. A. Mr. Chen hasn’t shown up now. B. The students are waiting outside.
C. The weather isn’t very good today. D. Mr. Chen’s class meets outside today.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. The value of school life. B. Doubts about school life.
C. The cultural meaning of school life. D. Different ways to enjoy school life.
12. A. Because the playground offers wonder.
B. Because we have more friends then.
C. Because things then have good quality.
D. Because school life is easy and fun.
13. A. We learn more knowledge from textbooks.
B. We can get on well with schoolmates.
C. We have a better understanding of the world.
D. We will free ourselves from limits of life.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following program.
14. A. He has to make a choice. B. He meets a long-lost friend.
C He has trouble using the forks. D. He comes across a fork in the road.
15. A. B.
C. D.
16. A. Forks should be popularized in the world.
B. Forks are sometimes considered dangerous.
C. There are lots of daily expressions related to forks.
D. People love creating words from animals they see.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation
17. A. A tourist B. An explorer. C. A trip adviser D. An exchange student.
18. A. Because she went on a strict diet.
B. Because it was late to have dinner.
C. Because they believed she wasn’t hungry.
D. Because no food was left when she was back.
19. A. Polite B. Direct. C. Eye-opening. D. Fascinating.
20. A. Travel makes one more honest.
B. Being friendly is the best choice.
C. Understanding others takes a fluency in culture.
D. Food culture is different from country to country.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the two passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
A
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
How to Water Plants
All plants need water. The watering of plants plays a major role in helping plants grow healthily. It seems simple but actually requires many considerations.
Let’s take a close look at the water plants need first. Plants ____1____ grow in places with low rainfall require more water. And plants ____2____ ability to adjust themselves to dry conditions is strong can live with less watering.
When it comes to tools, a garden pipe (管子) long enough to reach the furthest part of the garden ____3____ (prefer). This ensures enough water is provided for the plants and helps to make watering much ____4____ (easy).
An inexperienced gardener may water a little each time but several times a day. This is undesirable ____5____ it does not help roots to grow deep. Besides, we’d better avoid watering in full sun ____6____ the leaves won’t lose water quickly from the surface.
B
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
18th Birthday in China
In China many people celebrate their 18th birthday as an important one because that suggests coming of age, which is____7____ term used to describe the transition between childhood and adulthood. It marks the beginning ____8____ a young person is expected to have the related rights and responsibilities of adulthood.
In ancient China, the coming-of-age ceremony was an important ritual for a child that was going to set foot ____9____ the grown-up world. It dates back to the Zhou Dynasty and bas a history of over 2,000 years. According to the records in Liji, boys would participate in a capping ceremony when they ____10____ (be) 20, and girls a hair-pinning ceremony at the age of 15.
After the ceremony, they were considered adults and ____11____ get married. According to the book, human beings are human because of all the rituals and polite behaviors. But polite behaviors won’t start ____12____ people are properly dressed, so during these ceremonies, boys and girls would ritualistically put on carefully-prepared hats and hair accessories (发饰) to show that they are formally dressed for the adulthood.
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A awareness B. clear C. encourage D. ignore E. immediate F. limiting G. redesigning H. significantly I. team J. theme K. unlikely
Go Recycling
No one looking at the state of Earth in 2023 can be in any doubt that we are facing three serious environmental problems: climate problem, loss of biodiversity (生物多样性) and pollution of air, soil and water. To solve the problems, we increase the use of electric cars, ____13____ greener eating and reduce plastic use. However, sometimes these solutions can be opposite to the expected goals. For instance, creating space for biofuel crops to give off fewer pollutants and greenhouse gases can, in fact, ____14____ increase the cutting down of trees. That means in most cases solutions aiming at one problem each time are ____15____ to be effective. And, what is perhaps lacking is a(n) ____16____ of how interlinked these problems are.
We should realize that a key ____17____ linking all the three problems is waste. The root cause of global warming is CO2, a waste gas. The seas are polluted by plastic and other waste products. We ____18____ forests, among other things, to grow more food — much of which goes to waste.
A shocking figure lies at the heart of our special report on our world — of the more than 100 billion tons of things that humans use each year, hardly 10% is recycled. That makes it obvious a full-range war on waste should be paid ____19____ attention. The situation requires our speedy moving away from the way of thinking — “take, make, throw” — towards a more recyclable one, which means we should begin ____20____ the products and when they reach the end of their useful lives, they can be recycled.
Solving the three problems calls for a huge transition with joint efforts. Governments must take the lead by introducing laws with the purpose of rewarding green practices, such as the ____21____ of waste. Industries can reduce, re-use and recycle wherever possible, and _____22_____ themselves with suppliers and the like-minded to realize recyclable business models.
Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Listening, speaking, reading and writing are necessary to everyday life, where language is the primary tool for expression and communication. Studying how people use language — what words and phrases we unknowingly ____23____ — can help us better understand ourselves and why we behave the way we do.
Linguists attempt to ____24____ what is individual and general about the language we use. They also try to find how it came into use and the ways it ____25____ over time. After researches, they consider language as a cultural, social and mental thing.
“Understanding why and how languages are different from one another tells about what is human, and in contrast, discovering what’s ____26____ about languages can help us understand the heart of our humanity,” said Dan Jurafsky, the Professor in Humanities and chair of the Department of Linguistics at Stanford.
The stories below show some of the ways linguists have ____27____ many parts of language.
Stanford linguists have found that even the smallest differences in language use is ____28____ the speakers’ belief, according to research. One study finds that a(n) ____29____ harmless sentence, such as “girls are as good as boys at math,” can in some way reflect sexist stereotypes (性别刻板印象). The statement’s grammatical form suggests that being good at math is more ____30____ for boys than girls, the researchers said. Language can play a(n) ____31____ role in showing how we and others understand the world.
Studying other languages helps us have a better understanding of _____32_____ around the world. People speak about 7,000 languages worldwide. Although there are a lot of similar things among languages, each one is _____33_____, both in its structure and in the way it reflects the culture of the people who speak it. Jurafsky advised that we shouldn’t only _____34_____ our own language — it’s also important to study other languages and how they develop as time changes. They can help us understand what is rooted in humans’ different way of communicating with one another.
Linguists study how certain speech models match special _____35_____, including how language can influence the buying decision or their social media use, and they both vary a lot among people. _____36_____, in one research paper, a group of Stanford researchers examined the differences in how two parties — Republicans and Democrats, who have different ways of speech, express themselves online. The purpose is to help us know how a(n) _____37_____ difference of beliefs can occur on social media.
“Understanding what different groups of people say and why is the first step in deciding how we can help bring people together,” Jurafsky said.
23.
A. analyze B. choose C. recall D. pronounce
24.
A. create B. range C. determine D. maintain
25.
A. changes B. signals C. selects D. strengthens
26.
A. confusing B. rewarding C. ironic D. common
27.
A. mastered B. researched C. described D. developed
28.
A. ahead of B. relevant to C. tom away from D. held back by
29.
A. seemingly B. individually C. embarrassingly D. occasionally
30.
A. specific B. tempting C. formal D. natural
31.
A. faulty B. secondary C. relaxing D. essential
32.
A. communication B. harshness C. establishment D. distance
33.
A. limited B. useful C. exceptional D. current
34.
A. point to B. center around C. leave behind D. argue over
35.
A. comments B. achievements C. confusions D. behaviors
36.
A. On the contrary B. In summary C. For example D. As a result
37.
A. dramatic B. disgusting C. balanced D. slight
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A
I’m a huge fan of the Pacific Northwest and its bright green forests, rough coastline, and beaches decorated with wood, but visiting a top national park in summer often brings the opposite of what I come for — being alone — as huge crowds try hard to park and take photos. So, my last visit to Olympic National Park was in mid-September. I ended up bathing in the peace and quiet of forest among ancient trees and staying close enough to nearby communities to feel safe.
I thought that taking the jump from my comfortable hotel room in the park into the great outdoors was unpleasant at first. However, once I began walking slowly and aimlessly along the Hoh River Trail there and slowing down to observe beautiful sunlight and tiny mushrooms that looked like colorful umbrellas, I felt my breath deepen and my nervous system begin to relax for the first time in a long time. What I want to say is that just because the world seems obviously set up for twosomes doesn’t mean you have to let such a standard keep you from living your dreams right now. Solo travel has made me stronger and braver than I ever thought possible. It has opened up my worldview by throwing me out of my comfort zone again and again.
When it comes to living conditions, the national park not only offers 15 campgrounds across its huge area, it’s also home to five other choices for guests who would prefer not to sleep alone inside a tent — the small national park houses. Although I enjoy being alone, I have to admit that one of the coolest things about these small houses is that they are there to strengthen connection among strangers, and as such, there is usually a big fireplace next to excellent armchairs and sofas where guests can move around and make small talks at night. In one small house called Lake Quinault, I talked with grey-haired seniors about the best old-growth forest walks and asked hotel workers about the Roosevelt Dining Room (so named after Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the president during 1933-1945, came to visit), right next door.
38. What made the author avoid visiting Olympic National Park in summer
A. The wish to stay close to communities.
B. The likelihood to meet crowds of people.
C. The quiet environment in an ancient forest.
D. The rough coastlines and the woody beaches.
39. According to paragraph 2, the author thinks that traveling alone can ______.
A. keep opening up her worldview B. slow her down in living her dreams
C. stop her leaving her comfortable zone D. give her a chance to stay in hotel rooms
40. What can we learn from the last paragraph
A. Seniors in Lake Quinault are the best forest walkers there.
B. The park offers five completely different places to stay in.
C. Big fireplaces in houses are meant to strengthen connection.
D. The author stayed in a house next door to a famous president.
41. The passage is mainly about ______.
A. the author’s love for the Pacific Northwest
B. the author’s solo trip to Olympic National Park
C. the greatest tourist attractions in Olympic National Park
D the brief comparison between group travel and solo ones
B
The connection we have to cats is so strong it feels almost as though they can read our thoughts, study our moods, and even judge how to behave based on our needs. But what really goes on in their sweet, furry heads
Research suggests that cats don’t necessarily see us as any different from them. While cats understand that their human caretakers are larger than they are, they continue to behave around us in the same way as if they were around other cats. The only key difference is that cats meow to humans, not other cats.
Owners wondering about what the cats are thinking about should turn to cat body language. Since these are the ways your cat primarily communicates with you, studying their body language can help you understand then on a deeper level and you may start with tails:
We may think we have great insight into “cat thinking”, but we may never fully understand them. There exist lots of misunderstandings about cats, most notably:
*Cats try to be alien and prefer to be alone. No! They are actually social animals who hope for close relationship.
*Purring (making a low continuous sound) only means happiness…In fact, it can also suggest pressure, fear, or pain. Keep an eye out for illness, and be prepared in the case of an unexpected accident.
*Cats scratch (抓) to anger people. Wrong again! Cats need to act out this to give themselves great pleasure and comfort.
A recent study concluded that cats, when given a choice between playing with certain toys or having interactive fun with a human being, decisively choose to play with a person. For us here at Cat Care of Vinings, it’s two-sided!
As always, please call us with any questions or concerns. Or, let us know what you believe cat thinking is all about!
Tags: Cat Thinking Cat Thoughts My Cat’s Brain What Does My Cat Think Posted in: The Cat’s Meow Previous: A Pun-fact Match: The Keys to Successful Cat Adoption Next: Your Guide to Fourth of July Cat Safety
42. We may find this passage from a ______.
A. newspaper B. poster C. magazine D. website
43. If the owner gives the cat its favorite food, what will it probably do
A. Keep its tail low. B. Hook its tail. C. Hide its tail. D. Shake its tail.
44. The cat may prefer to ______.
A. interact with people B. purr to suggest anger
C. keep away from man-made toys D. scratch to attract attention
C
Nothing compares with the joy of coming home to a lovely pet. Besides keeping one company, pets may also decrease stress, improve heart health, and even help children with their social skills. Over the past 10 years, researchers have been looking at what the possible effects are.
Animals can offer comfort and support. Dogs are especially good at this. They’re sometimes brought into hospitals or nursing homes. Ann Berger, a researcher at the NIH Clinical Center, teaches the patients with serious diseases about mindfulness to help decrease stress and manage pain. “Mindfulness includes attention, awareness, etc.,” Berger says, “all those are things that animals bring to the table. People kind of have to learn it, while animals do this innately.” Researchers are also studying the safety of bringing animals into hospital settings because animals may bring people more germs (病菌). A current study is looking at the safety of bringing dogs to visit children with a certain kind of illness. Scientists will be testing the children’s hands to see if there are dangerous levels of germs brought by the dog after the visit.
Dogs may also help in the classroom. One study found that dogs can help children with ADHD, a disease related to attention. Researchers divided children with ADHD into two groups. The first group of kids read to dogs once a week for 30 minutes. The second group read to toys like dogs. After 12 weeks, kids who read to the real animals showed better social skills. They also had fewer behavioral problems. “Animals can become a way of building a bridge for the social communication,” says Griffin, a child development expert at NIH. He adds that researchers are trying to better understand these effects and whom they might help.
While pets may bring many health advantages, an animal may not work for everyone. Recent studies suggest that living with pets at an early age may help protect young children from developing allergies (过敏), but for people who are allergic to certain animals, having pets in the home can do more harm than good.
Researchers will continue to explore the many effects of having a pet. They are trying to find out what’s working, what’s not working, and what’s safe.
45. When the author says “animals do this innately” in paragraph 2, he probably means ______.
A. animals learn from humans to do this B. animals teach people to stop doing it
C animals are born to be able to do this D. animals learn to do this as humans do
46. What does the study about dogs in the classroom tell us
A. Reading to real dogs could help kids improve behavior.
B. Researchers brought dogs there to attract kids’ attention.
C. Dogs have poorer social skills than the kids with ADHD.
D. Toy dogs work as well as real dogs in accompanying kids.
47. What can we learn about the researchers in the passage
A. They still have a long way to go in exploring pets’ effect.
B. They don’t doubt the safety of using animals in hospitals.
C. Berger helps patients to gain the ability to cure themselves.
D. Griffin doesn’t agree that dogs improve children’s reading.
48. What might be the best title for the passage
A. Pets’ Various Work B. The Power of Pets
C. Pets as Assistants in School D. Patients’ Call for Pets
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Club Activities in Japanese Schools
In the after-class activities of Japanese high schools, there are various clubs. Participation depends on students; however, most students choose a certain club. ____49____ And there are various kinds within each type.
A recent survey showed activity participation rate (比率). In junior high schools, participation rate was around 70% in sports clubs and around 20% in culture clubs. In senior high schools, participation rate in sports clubs dropped to about 50%, and in culture clubs, rose to around 25%. One reason is that there are more kinds of culture clubs in senior high schools than in junior high schools, so there is a wider range of choices. ____50____
The rate of junior high school students not choosing any club was less than 10%. However, that number more than doubled in senior high school. In recent years, the number of students not joining in any clubs is increasing. Stronger individualism, which causes unwillingness to participate in group activities, is one factor behind this change.
____51____ Japanese clubs are considered “a part of education” and are different from club activities overseas. Learning teamwork is a common factor; in particular, sports clubs have a strict hierarchy (等级制度) and are useful in leaning to be polite. This is said to have influenced the way Japanese companies work, for example, with respect for pared to sports clubs, the hierarchy in culture clubs is not as strict. ____52____ Besides, clubs which practice traditional Japanese martial arts and culture offer a valuable chance to learn the traditional arts firsthand. By experiencing such arts in teenage years, the chance of passing traditional culture to the next generation is large.
A. Clubs are generally divided into two types — sports clubs and culture clubs.
B. Each sports club has a teacher but the key is placed on student independence.
C. They are places where like-minded students can improve their creativity together.
D. Culture clubs in senior high schools tend to include traditional culture activities, such as tea ceremony.
E. It is also pointed out that culture clubs offer a more casual environment than sports clubs that require long and hard practice.
F. Actually, there are many advantages of participating in club activities in Japan.
IV. Outline Writing
Directions: Read the following passage and complete the brief outline that follows. Write no more than 5 words for each blank.
Interesting Traditions Around the World
Traditions are passed down from generation to generation to inform us of our history. Some are widespread and taken on by one and all, like celebrating New Year and birthdays, and then there are some that are quite strange or interesting and practiced only by a small group of people.
Famadihana, also called the turning of the bones, is a festival in Madagascar that honors the dead and celebrates family ties. Every seven years or so, families who can afford rich dinners for guests and new clothes for the living families and the dead, celebrate the festival. They give out gifts for the dead and crying is discouraged during the celebration.
Bali’s Day of Silence, or Nyepi, as they call it, is a holiday celebrated with eating little or no food as well as meditation, the practice of thinking deeply in silence. The whole island shuts off all sounds, lights, and all other activities, so there is peace all around. Days before the actual celebration, Balinese people make the ogoh-ogoh (dangerous animals) statues (雕像) that will be used and paraded through the streets the day before Nyepi. The statues are then usually burnt after supposedly attracting dangerous animals.
Having started in Middle Ages, flag throwing has long been popular in Tuscany. As the Italians love a good celebration, army parades were held with marching bands and flag bearers. Since flags are considered sacred, the flag bearers have to make sure that they do not fall to the ground. Today, flag throwing is not just popular in Tuscany but also in the whole of Italy.
Some traditions may sound strange, yet people hold them close to their hearts and still practice the age-old rituals to this day. These rituals are part of their culture and history and are able to shape and describe people.
Outline:
I. Introduction
As a form of historic culture, some traditions are shared altogether and others are ____53____ and celebrated by only a few.
II. Body part
People in Madagascar celebrate Famadihana to honor the dead and ____54____.
During Nyepi in Bali, people eat little or no food and ____55____; days before the festival, statues are made and later they will be burnt.
Flag throwing features army parades and gains popularity in Italy.
III. Conclusion
People still hold fast to some age-old rituals, because these traditions can ____56____.
IV. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
57. 我们每个人对这道数学题都有不同的解法。(approach) (汉译英)
58. 两位热心的环保人轮流照顾着那只受伤的熊。(turn) (汉译英)
59. 当地的音乐爱好者对这首名歌都有一段不可替代的记忆。(replace) (汉译英)
60. 那位退休老师盯着我看了几秒钟，我猜他是想确认我读懂了这本科幻小说。(stare) (汉译英)
V. Guided Writing
61. Directions: Write an English paragraph in no less than 70 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
你是明启中学高一学生吴磊。下学期高一年级将进行社会实践，校学生会正就活动地点征求大家建议，请你在信中写出：
(1) 推荐的地点；
(2) 推荐的理由。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________松江区2023学年度第一学期期末质量监控试卷
高一英语
（满分150分，完卷时间120分钟）
考生注意：
1. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
2. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写姓名、学校和考号。
3. 答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
I. Listening Comprehension
* The following word and expression might be useful for you in listening comprehension.
indicate [ md ke t] v. 象征 host [h st] family 寄宿家庭
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. $3. B. $5. C. $15. D. $50.
2. A. Husband and wife. B. Mother and son.
C. Salesman and customer. D. Doctor and patient.
3 A. In a cinema. B. In a restaurant.
C. In a bank. D. In a hospital.
4. A. Try living with the noise. B. Get some exercise.
C. Find where the noise comes D. Change the living place.
5. A. Take a good rest. B. Visit Shanghai Museum.
C. Catch up with her art studies. D. Do the art project herself.
6. A. Carry the box downstairs. B. Help the woman downstairs.
C. Bring some books next time. D. Take the stones out of the box.
7. A. A basketball. B. A CD
C. A classical novel. D. A concert ticket.
8. A. Because he was too tired to drive.
B. Because there was a traffic accident.
C. Because there was a problem with the car.
D. Because his little brother called for help
9. A. The woman will send the dog away.
B. Both the speakers are good travelers.
C. The woman brought her pet along on the trip.
D. Both the speakers have a chance to play hard
10. A. Mr. Chen hasn’t shown up now. B. The students are waiting outside.
C. The weather isn’t very good today. D. Mr. Chen’s class meets outside today.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. The value of school life. B. Doubts about school life.
C. The cultural meaning of school life. D. Different ways to enjoy school life.
12. A. Because the playground offers wonder.
B. Because we have more friends then.
C. Because things then have good quality.
D. Because school life is easy and fun.
13. A. We learn more knowledge from textbooks.
B. We can get on well with schoolmates.
C. We have a better understanding of the world.
D. We will free ourselves from limits of life.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following program.
14. A. He has to make a choice. B. He meets a long-lost friend.
C. He has trouble using the forks. D. He comes across a fork in the road.
15. A. B.
C. D.
16. A. Forks should be popularized in the world.
B. Forks are sometimes considered dangerous.
C. There are lots of daily expressions related to forks.
D. People love creating words from animals they see.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation
17. A. A tourist B. An explorer. C. A trip adviser D. An exchange student.
18. A. Because she went on a strict diet.
B. Because it was late to have dinner.
C. Because they believed she wasn’t hungry.
D. Because no food was left when she was back.
19. A. Polite B. Direct. C. Eye-opening. D. Fascinating.
20. A. Travel makes one more honest.
B. Being friendly is the best choice.
C. Understanding others takes a fluency in culture.
D. Food culture is different from country to country.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the two passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
A
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
How to Water Plants
All plants need water. The watering of plants plays a major role in helping plants grow healthily. It seems simple but actually requires many considerations.
Let’s take a close look at the water plants need first. Plants ____1____ grow in places with low rainfall require more water. And plants ____2____ ability to adjust themselves to dry conditions is strong can live with less watering.
When it comes to tools, a garden pipe (管子) long enough to reach the furthest part of the garden ____3____ (prefer). This ensures enough water is provided for the plants and helps to make watering much ____4____ (easy).
An inexperienced gardener may water a little each time but several times a day. This is undesirable ____5____ it does not help roots to grow deep. Besides, we’d better avoid watering in full sun ____6____ the leaves won’t lose water quickly from the surface.
【答案】1. which##that
2. whose 3. is preferred
4. easier 5. because
6. so
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了怎样给植物浇水。
1题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：生长在降雨量少的地方的植物需要更多的水。分析可知，此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为Plants，指代事物，应用关系代词which或that引导从句，作主语。故填which/that。
【2题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：而那些适应干旱条件能力强的植物可以少浇水。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为plants，指代物（或人），在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose，修饰名词ability。故填whose。
【3题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：说到工具，最好是一根长到花园最远部分的花园管子。动词prefer和主语之间是被动关系，根据句意可知，此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态。主谓一致，故填is preferred。
【4题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：这可以确保为植物提供足够的水，并有助于使浇水更容易。动词make后接复合宾语，根据句意和前文much可知，此处应用形容词easy 的比较级作宾语补足语，表示“更容易”。故填easier。
【5题详解】
考查连词。句意：这是不可取的，因为它不帮助根部生长得更深。后文it does not help roots to grow deep和前文之间是因果关系，是前文的直接原因，应用because引导原因状语从句。故填because。
【6题详解】
考查连词。句意：此外，我们最好避免在阳光下浇水，这样叶子表面的水分就不会很快流失。后文the leaves won’t lose water quickly from the surface是前文的结果，故用连词so引导。故填so。
B
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
18th Birthday in China
In China many people celebrate their 18th birthday as an important one because that suggests coming of age, which is____7____ term used to describe the transition between childhood and adulthood. It marks the beginning ____8____ a young person is expected to have the related rights and responsibilities of adulthood.
In ancient China, the coming-of-age ceremony was an important ritual for a child that was going to set foot ____9____ the grown-up world. It dates back to the Zhou Dynasty and bas a history of over 2,000 years. According to the records in Liji, boys would participate in a capping ceremony when they ____10____ (be) 20, and girls a hair-pinning ceremony at the age of 15.
After the ceremony, they were considered adults and ____11____ get married. According to the book, human beings are human because of all the rituals and polite behaviors. But polite behaviors won’t start ____12____ people are properly dressed, so during these ceremonies, boys and girls would ritualistically put on carefully-prepared hats and hair accessories (发饰) to show that they are formally dressed for the adulthood.
Section B
【答案】7. a 8. where
9. in 10. were
11. could 12. until##till
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国古代成人礼。
【7题详解】
考查冠词。句意：在中国，许多人将18岁生日作为一个重要的生日来庆祝，因为这意味着成年，这是一个用来描述童年和成年之间过渡的术语。可数名词单数term是泛指概念，应用不定冠词限定。连接辅音，故填a。
【8题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：它标志着一个年轻人被期望拥有成年后相关权利和责任的开始。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the beginning，根据句意，应用关系副词where引导从句，作地点状语。故填where。
【9题详解】
考查介词。句意：在中国古代，成人礼是孩子走向成人世界的一项重要仪式。根据后文the grown-up world，可知，应用介词in，set foot in“踏入”是固定搭配，符合句意。故填in。
【10题详解】
考查时态。句意：根据《礼记》的记载，男孩在20岁时会参加封顶仪式，女孩在15岁时会举行扎头发仪式。根据上下文可知，此处描述古代发生的事情，用一般过去时。主谓一致，故填were。
【11题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：仪式结束后，他们被视为成年人，可以结婚了。根据句意可知，此处表示“可以（结婚）”，应用情态助动词can，根据上下文可知，此处描述古代发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填could。
【12题详解】
考查连词。句意：但礼节性的行为只有在人们穿好衣服后才会开始，所以在这些仪式上，男孩和女孩都会仪式性地戴上精心准备的帽子和发饰，以表明他们成年后穿着正式。根据句意可知，此处应用连词until或till和前文not构成固定句型，not…until/till表示“直到……才”。故填until/till。
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A awareness B. clear C. encourage D. ignore E. immediate F. limiting G. redesigning H. significantly I. team J. theme K. unlikely
Go Recycling
No one looking at the state of Earth in 2023 can be in any doubt that we are facing three serious environmental problems: climate problem, loss of biodiversity (生物多样性) and pollution of air, soil and water. To solve the problems, we increase the use of electric cars, ____13____ greener eating and reduce plastic use. However, sometimes these solutions can be opposite to the expected goals. For instance, creating space for biofuel crops to give off fewer pollutants and greenhouse gases can, in fact, ____14____ increase the cutting down of trees. That means in most cases solutions aiming at one problem each time are ____15____ to be effective. And, what is perhaps lacking is a(n) ____16____ of how interlinked these problems are.
We should realize that a key ____17____ linking all the three problems is waste. The root cause of global warming is CO2, a waste gas. The seas are polluted by plastic and other waste products. We ____18____ forests, among other things, to grow more food — much of which goes to waste.
A shocking figure lies at the heart of our special report on our world — of the more than 100 billion tons of things that humans use each year, hardly 10% is recycled. That makes it obvious a full-range war on waste should be paid ____19____ attention. The situation requires our speedy moving away from the way of thinking — “take, make, throw” — towards a more recyclable one, which means we should begin ____20____ the products and when they reach the end of their useful lives, they can be recycled.
Solving the three problems calls for a huge transition with joint efforts. Governments must take the lead by introducing laws with the purpose of rewarding green practices, such as the ____21____ of waste. Industries can reduce, re-use and recycle wherever possible, and _____22_____ themselves with suppliers and the like-minded to realize recyclable business models.
【答案】13. encourage
14. significantly
15. unlikely
16. awareness
17. theme 18. ignore
19. immediate
20. redesigning
21. limiting
22. team
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章强调了地球面临的环境问题，包括气候变化、生物多样性丧失和空气、土壤、水污染。提出通过鼓励绿色生活方式、减少塑料使用以及重视废物处理来解决这些问题。
【13题详解】
考查动词。句意：为了解决这些问题，我们增加了电动汽车的使用，鼓励更环保的饮食，减少塑料的使用。分析句子可知，设空处单词与increase和reduce是并列关系，也是谓语动词，结合句意，表示“鼓励”，用动词encourage。故填encourage。
【14题详解】
考查副词。句意：例如，为生物燃料作物创造空间以释放更少的污染物和温室气体，实际上可能会大大增加对树木的砍伐。根据上文“sometimes these solutions can be opposite to the expected goals”可推知，为生物燃料作物创造空间的想法可能事与愿违，可能会“大幅”增加对树木的砍伐，用副词significantly修饰动词increase，作状语。故填significantly。
【15题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这意味着在大多数情况下，每次只针对一个问题的解决方案不太可能有效。根据上文“sometimes these solutions can be opposite to the expected goals”可推知，一些解决方案“不太可能”有效，用形容词unlikely作表语。故填unlikely。
【16题详解】
考查名词。句意：而且，可能缺乏的是对这些问题是如何相互关联的认识。根据上文“most cases solutions aiming at one problem each time”可知，很多解决方案每次只针对一个问题，不太可能有效，所以我们缺乏的是对于这些问题是如何相互关联的“认识”，用名词awareness作表语。故填awareness。
【17题详解】
考查名词。句意：我们应该认识到，连接所有这三个问题的一个关键主题是浪费。结合空格前冠词a可知，空格处单词作表语，用名词，结合句意，表示“关键主题”，用名词theme。故填theme。
【18题详解】
考查动词。句意：为了种植更多的粮食，我们忽略了森林，而且其中大部分都被浪费了。根据上文“The root cause of global warming is CO2, a waste gas. The seas are polluted by plastic and other waste products.”可推知，我们认为造成全球变暖和海洋污染的是二氧化碳、塑料和其他废物，为了种更多的粮食，我们“忽略”了森林的作用，用动词ignore作谓语动词。故填ignore。
【19题详解】
考查形容词。句意：很明显，一场针对浪费的全面战争应该立即引起重视。根据上文“of the more than 100 billion tons of things that humans use each year, hardly 10% is recycled.”可知，浪费现象非常严重，所以需要“立即”引起重视，用形容词immediate作定语。故填immediate。
【20题详解】
考查动词。句意：这种情况要求我们迅速摆脱“拿、造、扔”的思维方式，转向更可回收的思维方式，这意味着我们应该开始重新设计产品，当它们的使用寿命结束时，它们可以被回收利用。根据上文“ moving away from the way of thinking — “take, make, throw””可推知，之前的思维方式需要改变，所以需要“重新设计”产品，用动名词redesigning作宾语。故填redesigning。
【21题详解】
考查动词。句意：政府必须带头制定法律，奖励诸如限制浪费等绿色行为。根据上文“Governments must take the lead by introducing laws”可推知，政府需要制定法律“限制”浪费，用动名词limiting作宾语。故填limiting。
【22题详解】
考查名词。句意：公司可以尽可能减少、再利用和回收，并与供应商和志同道合的人合作，实现可回收的商业模式。根据下文“suppliers and the like-minded to realize recyclable business models”可推知，公司需要与志同道合的人“合作”，用动词team，作谓语动词。故填team。
Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Listening, speaking, reading and writing are necessary to everyday life, where language is the primary tool for expression and communication. Studying how people use language — what words and phrases we unknowingly ____23____ — can help us better understand ourselves and why we behave the way we do.
Linguists attempt to ____24____ what is individual and general about the language we use. They also try to find how it came into use and the ways it ____25____ over time. After researches, they consider language as a cultural, social and mental thing.
“Understanding why and how languages are different from one another tells about what is human, and in contrast, discovering what’s ____26____ about languages can help us understand the heart of our humanity,” said Dan Jurafsky, the Professor in Humanities and chair of the Department of Linguistics at Stanford.
The stories below show some of the ways linguists have ____27____ many parts of language.
Stanford linguists have found that even the smallest differences in language use is ____28____ the speakers’ belief, according to research. One study finds that a(n) ____29____ harmless sentence, such as “girls are as good as boys at math,” can in some way reflect sexist stereotypes (性别刻板印象). The statement’s grammatical form suggests that being good at math is more ____30____ for boys than girls, the researchers said. Language can play a(n) ____31____ role in showing how we and others understand the world.
Studying other languages helps us have a better understanding of _____32_____ around the world. People speak about 7,000 languages worldwide. Although there are a lot of similar things among languages, each one is _____33_____, both in its structure and in the way it reflects the culture of the people who speak it. Jurafsky advised that we shouldn’t only _____34_____ our own language — it’s also important to study other languages and how they develop as time changes. They can help us understand what is rooted in humans’ different way of communicating with one another.
Linguists study how certain speech models match special _____35_____, including how language can influence the buying decision or their social media use, and they both vary a lot among people. _____36_____, in one research paper, a group of Stanford researchers examined the differences in how two parties — Republicans and Democrats, who have different ways of speech, express themselves online. The purpose is to help us know how a(n) _____37_____ difference of beliefs can occur on social media.
“Understanding what different groups of people say and why is the first step in deciding how we can help bring people together,” Jurafsky said.
23.
A. analyze B. choose C. recall D. pronounce
24.
A. create B. range C. determine D. maintain
25.
A. changes B. signals C. selects D. strengthens
26.
A. confusing B. rewarding C. ironic D. common
27.
A. mastered B. researched C. described D. developed
28.
A. ahead of B. relevant to C. tom away from D. held back by
29.
A. seemingly B. individually C. embarrassingly D. occasionally
30.
A. specific B. tempting C. formal D. natural
31.
A. faulty B. secondary C. relaxing D. essential
32.
A communication B. harshness C. establishment D. distance
33.
A. limited B. useful C. exceptional D. current
34.
A. point to B. center around C. leave behind D. argue over
35.
A. comments B. achievements C. confusions D. behaviors
36.
A. On the contrary B. In summary C. For example D. As a result
37.
A. dramatic B. disgusting C. balanced D. slight
【答案】23. B 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. B 29. A 30. D 31. D 32. A 33. C 34. B 35. D 36. C 37. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了语言在日常生活中的重要性，研究语言能使我们更好的理解自己。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人们如何使用语言——我们在不知不觉中选择了哪些单词和短语——可以帮助我们更好地了解自己，以及为什么我们会有这样的行为方式。A. analyze分析；B. choose选择；C. recall召回；D. pronounce发音。根据前文“what words and phrases we unknowingly”和后文“can help us better understand ourselves and why we behave the way we do”可知，人们在不知不觉中选择了某些单词和短语，这可以帮助我们更好地了解自己。故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：语言学家试图确定我们所使用的语言的独特性和普遍性。A. create创造；B. range(在一定的范围内)变化，变动；C. determine确定；D. maintain维持。根据后文“what is individual and general about the language we use”可知，语言学家试图确定我们所使用的语言的独特性和普遍性。故选C项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们还试图找出它是如何被使用的，以及随着时间的推移它是如何变化的。A. changes变化；B. signals信号；C. selects选择；D. strengthens强项。根据“over time”以及倒数第三段中“how they develop as time changes”可知，语言学家试图找出随着时间的推移语言是如何变化的。故选A项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：斯坦福大学人文学科教授、语言学系主任Dan Jurafsky说：“理解语言之间的差异，可以告诉我们什么是人类；相反，发现语言的共同点，可以帮助我们理解人性的核心。”A. confusing令人困惑的；B. rewarding值得的；C. ironic讽刺的；D. common共同的。根据前文“Understanding why and how languages are different from one another tells about what is human, and in contrast, discovering what’s”可知，前后是形成对比，前半句是语言的不同，后半句是指语言的共同点。故选D项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：下面的故事展示了语言学家研究语言许多部分的一些方法。A. mastered掌握；B. researched研究；C. described描述；D. developed发展。根据语境和下一段第一句中“according to research”可知，下面是关于语言学家对语言的研究。故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查固定搭配词义辨析。句意：斯坦福大学的语言学家发现，根据研究，即使是语言使用上最小的差异也与说话者的信念有关。A. ahead of领先；B. relevant to与...相关；C. taken away from被带离；D. held back by被阻止。根据常识和前文“even the smallest differences in language use is”及后文“the speakers’ belief”可知，即使是语言使用上最小的差异也与说话者的信念有关。故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：一项研究发现，一个看似无伤害的句子，比如“女孩数学和男孩一样好”，在某种程度上可能反映了性别歧视的刻板印象。A. seemingly似乎；B. individually单独地；C. embarrassingly令人尴尬地；D. occasionally偶尔地。根据后文“harmless sentence, such as “girls are as good as boys at math,” can in some way reflect sexist stereotypes (性别刻板印象)”可知，在某种程度上可能反映了性别歧视的刻板印象的句子，看起来似乎并无伤害。故选A项。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究人员说，这句话的语法形式表明，男孩比女孩擅长数学是很正常自然的。A. specific具体的；B. tempting诱人的；C. formal正式的；D. natural自然的，正常的。根据常识和前文“such as “girls are as good as boys at math,” can in some way reflect sexist stereotypes being good at math is more”可知，这句话暗示了男孩比女孩擅长数学是很正常的，自然的事儿。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：语言在展示我们和他人如何理解世界方面发挥着至关重要的作用。A. faulty错误的；B. secondary次要的；C. relaxing轻松的；D. essential必不可少的，极其重要的。根据常识和后文“in showing how we and others understand the world”并结合选项可知，语言在展示我们和他人如何理解世界方面发挥着至关重要的作用。故选D项。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：学习其他语言有助于我们更好地理解世界各地的交流。A. communication沟通，交流；B. harshness严酷；C. establishment建立；D. distance远方。根据常识和前文“Studying other languages helps us have a better understanding”可知，学习其他语言有助于我们更好地理解世界各地的交流。故选A项。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然语言之间有很多相似之处，但每一种语言都是独特的，无论是在其结构上，还是在它反映说这种语言的人的文化的方式上。A. limited有限的；B. useful有用的；C. exceptional独特的；D. current流行的。根据前文“Although there are a lot of similar things among languages”的转折语义可知，虽然语言之间有很多相似之处，但每一种语言都是独特的。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：Jurafsky建议，我们不应该只关注自己的语言——学习其他语言以及它们是如何随着时间的变化而发展的也很重要。A. point to指向；B. center around围绕，集中于；C. leave behind留下；D. argue over争论。根据前文“we shouldn’t only”和后文“our own language — it’s also important to study other languages and how they develop as time changes”可知，Jurafsky建议，人们不应该只关注自己的语言，也要学习其他语言。故选B项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：语言学家研究特定的语言模型如何与特殊行为相匹配，包括语言如何影响购买决策或他们对社交媒体的使用，而这两者在人与人之间都有很大差异。A. comments评论；B. achievements成就；C. confusions困惑；D. behaviors行为。根据后文“including how language can influence the buying decision or their social media use”可知，语言学家研究特定的语言模型如何与特殊行为相匹配。故选D项。
【36题详解】
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：例如，在一篇研究论文中，斯坦福大学的一组研究人员调查了两党——共和党和民主党——在网上表达自己的方式上的差异，这两党有着不同的言论方式。A. On the contrary相反；B. In summary总结；C. For example例如；D. As a result因此。根据后文“in one research paper, a group of Stanford researchers examined the differences in how two parties — Republicans and Democrats, who have different ways of speech, express themselves online”可知，后面列举的是一个例子。故选C项。
【37题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：目的是帮助我们了解信念的巨大差异是如何在社交媒体上发生的。A. dramatic戏剧性的，巨大的；B. disgusting令人恶心的；C. balanced平衡的；D. slight轻微的。根据前文“Linguists study how certain speech models match special ____13____, including how language can influence the buying decision or their social media use, and they both vary a lot among people.”和举例可知，举例的目的是为了帮助我们了解信念的巨大差异是如何在社交媒体上发生的。故选A项。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A
I’m a huge fan of the Pacific Northwest and its bright green forests, rough coastline, and beaches decorated with wood, but visiting a top national park in summer often brings the opposite of what I come for — being alone — as huge crowds try hard to park and take photos. So, my last visit to Olympic National Park was in mid-September. I ended up bathing in the peace and quiet of forest among ancient trees and staying close enough to nearby communities to feel safe.
I thought that taking the jump from my comfortable hotel room in the park into the great outdoors was unpleasant at first. However, once I began walking slowly and aimlessly along the Hoh River Trail there and slowing down to observe beautiful sunlight and tiny mushrooms that looked like colorful umbrellas, I felt my breath deepen and my nervous system begin to relax for the first time in a long time. What I want to say is that just because the world seems obviously set up for twosomes doesn’t mean you have to let such a standard keep you from living your dreams right now. Solo travel has made me stronger and braver than I ever thought possible. It has opened up my worldview by throwing me out of my comfort zone again and again.
When it comes to living conditions, the national park not only offers 15 campgrounds across its huge area, it’s also home to five other choices for guests who would prefer not to sleep alone inside a tent — the small national park houses. Although I enjoy being alone, I have to admit that one of the coolest things about these small houses is that they are there to strengthen connection among strangers, and as such, there is usually a big fireplace next to excellent armchairs and sofas where guests can move around and make small talks at night. In one small house called Lake Quinault, I talked with grey-haired seniors about the best old-growth forest walks and asked hotel workers about the Roosevelt Dining Room (so named after Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the president during 1933-1945, came to visit), right next door.
38. What made the author avoid visiting Olympic National Park in summer
A. The wish to stay close to communities.
B. The likelihood to meet crowds of people.
C. The quiet environment in an ancient forest.
D. The rough coastlines and the woody beaches.
39. According to paragraph 2, the author thinks that traveling alone can ______.
A. keep opening up her worldview B. slow her down in living her dreams
C. stop her leaving her comfortable zone D. give her a chance to stay in hotel rooms
40. What can we learn from the last paragraph
A. Seniors in Lake Quinault are the best forest walkers there.
B. The park offers five completely different places to stay in.
C. Big fireplaces in houses are meant to strengthen connection.
D. The author stayed in a house next door to a famous president.
41. The passage is mainly about ______.
A. the author’s love for the Pacific Northwest
B. the author’s solo trip to Olympic National Park
C. the greatest tourist attractions in Olympic National Park
D. the brief comparison between group travel and solo ones
【答案】38. B 39. A 40. C 41. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要介绍作者独自在奥林匹克公园里面的森林旅行的经历和看法。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“I’m a huge fan of the Pacific Northwest and its bright green forests, rough coastline, and beaches decorated with wood, but visiting a top national park in summer often brings the opposite of what I come for — being alone — as huge crowds try hard to park and take photos. So, my last visit to Olympic National Park was in mid-September. (我是太平洋西北部的超级粉丝，那里有明亮的绿色森林、崎岖的海岸线和用木头装饰的海滩，但夏天去顶级国家公园往往会带来与我相反的结果——独自一人——因为大群人都在努力停车和拍照。所以，我最后一次参观奥林匹克国家公园是在9月中旬。)”可知，夏天去顶级国家公园会遇到大量的人群，所以这让作者避免在夏天去奥林匹克国家公园。故选B。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Solo travel has made me stronger and braver than I ever thought possible. It has opened up my worldview by throwing me out of my comfort zone again and again. (独自旅行使我变得比我想象的更坚强、更勇敢。它一次又一次地把我从舒适区抛出去，打开了我的世界观。)”可知，作者认为，独自旅行可以不断地开放她的世界观。故选A。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Although I enjoy being alone, I have to admit that one of the coolest things about these small houses is that they are there to strengthen connection among strangers, and as such, there is usually a big fireplace next to excellent armchairs and sofas where guests can move around and make small talks at night. (虽然我喜欢独处，但我不得不承认，这些小房子最酷的一点是，它们可以加强陌生人之间的联系，因此，在出色的扶手椅和沙发旁边通常有一个大壁炉，客人可以在晚上四处走动并进行闲聊。)”可知，房子里的大壁炉可以加强人与人之间的联系。故选C。
【41题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“I’m a huge fan of the Pacific Northwest and its bright green forests, rough coastline, and beaches decorated with wood, but visiting a top national park in summer often brings the opposite of what I come for — being alone — as huge crowds try hard to park and take photos. So, my last visit to Olympic National Park was in mid-September. I ended up bathing in the peace and quiet of forest among ancient trees and staying close enough to nearby communities to feel safe. (我是太平洋西北部的超级粉丝，那里有明亮的绿色森林、崎岖的海岸线和用木头装饰的海滩，但夏天去顶级国家公园往往会带来与我相反的结果——独自一人——因为大群人都在努力停车和拍照。所以，我最后一次参观奥林匹克国家公园是在9月中旬。我最终沐浴在古树丛中的宁静森林中，并与附近的社区保持足够的距离，感到安全。)”可知，这篇文章主要介绍作者独自在奥林匹克公园里面的森林旅行的经历和看法。故选B。
B
The connection we have to cats is so strong it feels almost as though they can read our thoughts, study our moods, and even judge how to behave based on our needs. But what really goes on in their sweet, furry heads
Research suggests that cats don’t necessarily see us as any different from them. While cats understand that their human caretakers are larger than they are they continue to behave around us in the same way as if they were around other cats. The only key difference is that cats meow to humans, not other cats.
Owners wondering about what the cats are thinking about should turn to cat body language. Since these are the ways your cat primarily communicates with you, studying their body language can help you understand then on a deeper level and you may start with tails:
We may think we have great insight into “cat thinking”, but we may never fully understand them. There exist lots of misunderstandings about cats, most notably:
*Cats try to be alien and prefer to be alone. No! They are actually social animals who hope for close relationship.
*Purring (making a low continuous sound) only means happiness…In fact, it can also suggest pressure, fear, or pain. Keep an eye out for illness, and be prepared in the case of an unexpected accident.
*Cats scratch (抓) to anger people. Wrong again! Cats need to act out this to give themselves great pleasure and comfort.
A recent study concluded that cats, when given a choice between playing with certain toys or having interactive fun with a human being, decisively choose to play with a person. For us here at Cat Care of Vinings, it’s two-sided!
As always, please call us with any questions or concerns. Or, let us know what you believe cat thinking is all about!
Tags: Cat Thinking Cat Thoughts My Cat’s Brain What Does My Cat Think Posted in: The Cat’s Meow Previous: A Pun-fact Match: The Keys to Successful Cat Adoption Next: Your Guide to Fourth of July Cat Safety
42. We may find this passage from a ______.
A. newspaper B. poster C. magazine D. website
43. If the owner gives the cat its favorite food, what will it probably do
A. Keep its tail low. B. Hook its tail. C. Hide its tail. D. Shake its tail.
44. The cat may prefer to ______.
A. interact with people B. purr to suggest anger
C. keep away from man-made toys D. scratch to attract attention
【答案】42. D 43. D 44. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过猫的肢体语言分析了猫的脑子里在想什么。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章开始的图片以及文章最后的图片中的“Previous: A Pun-fact Match: The Keys to Successful Cat Adoption(上一篇：双关语匹配：成功领养猫的关键)”和“Next: Your Guide to Fourth of July Cat Safety(下一篇：您的7月4日猫安全指南)”可推知，这篇文章可能出自一个网站。故选D。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章中间Cat Tail Language那幅图片可推知，如果主人给了猫最喜爱的食物，猫应该会表示友好，因此会向上竖起尾巴并摇晃尾巴。故选D。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章正文倒数第二段“A recent study concluded that cats, when given a choice between playing with certain toys or having interactive fun with a human being, decisively choose to play with a person.(最近的一项研究得出结论，当让猫在玩某些玩具或与人类互动之间做出选择时，猫会果断地选择和人一起玩。)”可知，猫可能更喜欢和人类一起互动。故选A。
C
Nothing compares with the joy of coming home to a lovely pet. Besides keeping one company, pets may also decrease stress, improve heart health, and even help children with their social skills. Over the past 10 years, researchers have been looking at what the possible effects are.
Animals can offer comfort and support. Dogs are especially good at this. They’re sometimes brought into hospitals or nursing homes. Ann Berger, a researcher at the NIH Clinical Center, teaches the patients with serious diseases about mindfulness to help decrease stress and manage pain. “Mindfulness includes attention, awareness, etc.,” Berger says, “all those are things that animals bring to the table. People kind of have to learn it, while animals do this innately.” Researchers are also studying the safety of bringing animals into hospital settings because animals may bring people more germs (病菌). A current study is looking at the safety of bringing dogs to visit children with a certain kind of illness. Scientists will be testing the children’s hands to see if there are dangerous levels of germs brought by the dog after the visit.
Dogs may also help in the classroom. One study found that dogs can help children with ADHD, a disease related to attention. Researchers divided children with ADHD into two groups. The first group of kids read to dogs once a week for 30 minutes. The second group read to toys like dogs. After 12 weeks, kids who read to the real animals showed better social skills. They also had fewer behavioral problems. “Animals can become a way of building a bridge for the social communication,” says Griffin, a child development expert at NIH. He adds that researchers are trying to better understand these effects and whom they might help.
While pets may bring many health advantages, an animal may not work for everyone. Recent studies suggest that living with pets at an early age may help protect young children from developing allergies (过敏), but for people who are allergic to certain animals, having pets in the home can do more harm than good.
Researchers will continue to explore the many effects of having a pet. They are trying to find out what’s working, what’s not working, and what’s safe.
45. When the author says “animals do this innately” in paragraph 2, he probably means ______.
A. animals learn from humans to do this B. animals teach people to stop doing it
C. animals are born to be able to do this D. animals learn to do this as humans do
46. What does the study about dogs in the classroom tell us
A Reading to real dogs could help kids improve behavior.
B. Researchers brought dogs there to attract kids’ attention.
C. Dogs have poorer social skills than the kids with ADHD.
D. Toy dogs work as well as real dogs in accompanying kids.
47. What can we learn about the researchers in the passage
A. They still have a long way to go in exploring pets’ effect.
B. They don’t doubt the safety of using animals in hospitals.
C. Berger helps patients to gain the ability to cure themselves.
D. Griffin doesn’t agree that dogs improve children’s reading.
48. What might be the best title for the passage
A. Pets’ Various Work B. The Power of Pets
C. Pets as Assistants in School D. Patients’ Call for Pets
【答案】45. C 46. A 47. A 48. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要介绍一项研究表明，养宠物对人们有许多的好处。
【45题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段“People kind of have to learn it, while animals do this innately. (人们必须去学，而动物animals do this innately。)”可知，这里用while引导并列句，上下文是对比的关系。上文提到人类要学了才会，而动物应该是天生就会，所以animals do this innately的意思应该是“天生就是这样做的”，和选项C意思一致。故选C。
【46题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“After 12 weeks, kids who read to the real animals showed better social skills. They also had fewer behavioral problems. (12周后，给真正的动物读书的孩子们表现出了更好的社交能力。他们的行为问题也较少。)”可知，给真正的狗狗读书可以帮助孩子们改善行为。故选A。
【47题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Researchers will continue to explore the many effects of having a pet. They are trying to find out what’s working, what’s not working, and what’s safe. (研究人员将继续探索养宠物的许多影响。他们试图找出什么有效，什么无效，什么是安全的。)”可知，在探索宠物的影响方面，他们还有很长的路要走。故选A。
【48题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Nothing compares with the joy of coming home to a lovely pet. Besides keeping one company, pets may also decrease stress, improve heart health, and even help children with their social skills. Over the past 10 years, researchers have been looking at what the possible effects are. (没有什么比得上回家有一只可爱的宠物带来的快乐了。除了陪伴，宠物还可以减轻压力，改善心脏健康，甚至帮助孩子掌握社交技能。在过去的10年里，研究人员一直在研究可能的影响。)”可知，这篇文章主要介绍宠物对人们的影响。所以，用B项“The Power of Pets”作为本文题目，与文章主题相符合。故选B。
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Club Activities in Japanese Schools
In the after-class activities of Japanese high schools, there are various clubs. Participation depends on students; however, most students choose a certain club. ____49____ And there are various kinds within each type.
A recent survey showed activity participation rate (比率). In junior high schools, participation rate was around 70% in sports clubs and around 20% in culture clubs. In senior high schools, participation rate in sports clubs dropped to about 50%, and in culture clubs, rose to around 25%. One reason is that there are more kinds of culture clubs in senior high schools than in junior high schools, so there is a wider range of choices. ____50____
The rate of junior high school students not choosing any club was less than 10%. However, that number more than doubled in senior high school. In recent years, the number of students not joining in any clubs is increasing. Stronger individualism, which causes unwillingness to participate in group activities, is one factor behind this change.
____51____ Japanese clubs are considered “a part of education” and are different from club activities overseas. Learning teamwork is a common factor; in particular, sports clubs have a strict hierarchy (等级制度) and are useful in leaning to be polite. This is said to have influenced the way Japanese companies work, for example, with respect for pared to sports clubs, the hierarchy in culture clubs is not as strict. ____52____ Besides, clubs which practice traditional Japanese martial arts and culture offer a valuable chance to learn the traditional arts firsthand. By experiencing such arts in teenage years, the chance of passing traditional culture to the next generation is large.
A. Clubs are generally divided into two types — sports clubs and culture clubs.
B. Each sports club has a teacher, but the key is placed on student independence.
C. They are places where like-minded students can improve their creativity together.
D. Culture clubs in senior high schools tend to include traditional culture activities, such as tea ceremony.
E. It is also pointed out that culture clubs offer a more casual environment than sports clubs that require long and hard practice.
F. Actually, there are many advantages of participating in club activities in Japan.
【答案】49. A 50. E 51. F 52. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了日本学校的社团活动。
【49题详解】
根据下文“And there are various kinds within each type.(每种类型中都有不同的种类)”中“each type”可推知，上文中会提到“社团的不同类型”，A项“Clubs are generally divided into two types — sports clubs and culture clubs.(俱乐部一般分为两类——体育社团和文化社团)”中“sports clubs and culture clubs”即下文中的“each type”，上下文语意连贯。故选A项。
【50题详解】
上文“In senior high schools, participation rate in sports clubs dropped to about 50%, and in culture clubs, rose to around 25%. One reason is that there are more kinds of culture clubs in senior high schools than in junior high schools, so there is a wider range of choices.(在高中，体育社团的参与率下降到50%左右，文化社团的参与率上升到25%左右。一个原因是高中的文化社团比初中的多，所以选择的范围更广)”提出高中阶段文化社团的参与率上升，而体育社团的参与率下降，并给出一个原因：高中的文化社团比初中的多，选择的范围更广。E项“It is also pointed out that culture clubs offer a more casual environment than sports clubs that require long and hard practice.(还有人指出，与需要长期刻苦练习的体育社团相比，文化社团提供了更轻松的环境)”承接上文，句中“also”表明与上文是并列关系，提出另一个原因：与体育社团相比，文化社团提供了更轻松的环境。上下文语意连贯。故选E项。
【51题详解】
下文“Japanese clubs are considered “a part of education” and are different from club activities overseas. Learning teamwork is a common factor; in particular, sports clubs have a strict hierarchy (等级制度) and are useful in leaning to be polite. This is said to have influenced the way Japanese companies work, for example, with respect for seniors.(日本的社团被认为是“教育的一部分”，与海外的社团活动不同。学习团队合作是一个共同的因素；特别是，体育社团有严格的等级制度，在学习礼貌方面很有用。据说这影响了日本公司的工作方式，例如对老年人的尊重)”介绍了参加社团的好处，是对F项“Actually, there are many advantages of participating in club activities in Japan.(事实上，在日本参加社团活动有很多好处)”的举例说明，F项是段首主题句。故选F项。
【52题详解】
上文“Compared to sports clubs, the hierarchy in culture clubs is not as strict.(与体育社团相比，文化社团的等级制度不那么严格)”指出文化社团等级制度不像体育社团那么严格，C项“They are places where like-minded students can improve their creativity together.(他们是志同道合的学生可以一起提高创造力的地方)”承接上文，介绍文化社团的真实情况：是志同道合的学生可以一起提高创造力的地方，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。
IV. Outline Writing
Directions: Read the following passage and complete the brief outline that follows. Write no more than 5 words for each blank.
Interesting Traditions Around the World
Traditions are passed down from generation to generation to inform us of our history. Some are widespread and taken on by one and all, like celebrating New Year and birthdays, and then there are some that are quite strange or interesting and practiced only by a small group of people.
Famadihana, also called the turning of the bones, is a festival in Madagascar that honors the dead and celebrates family ties. Every seven years or so, families who can afford rich dinners for guests and new clothes for the living families and the dead, celebrate the festival. They give out gifts for the dead and crying is discouraged during the celebration.
Bali’s Day of Silence, or Nyepi, as they call it, is a holiday celebrated with eating little or no food as well as meditation, the practice of thinking deeply in silence. The whole island shuts off all sounds, lights, and all other activities, so there is peace all around. Days before the actual celebration, Balinese people make the ogoh-ogoh (dangerous animals) statues (雕像) that will be used and paraded through the streets the day before Nyepi. The statues are then usually burnt after supposedly attracting dangerous animals.
Having started in Middle Ages, flag throwing has long been popular in Tuscany. As the Italians love a good celebration, army parades were held with marching bands and flag bearers. Since flags are considered sacred, the flag bearers have to make sure that they do not fall to the ground. Today, flag throwing is not just popular in Tuscany but also in the whole of Italy.
Some traditions may sound strange, yet people hold them close to their hearts and still practice the age-old rituals to this day. These rituals are part of their culture and history and are able to shape and describe people.
Outline:
I. Introduction
As a form of historic culture, some traditions are shared altogether and others are ____53____ and celebrated by only a few.
II. Body part
People in Madagascar celebrate Famadihana to honor the dead and ____54____.
During Nyepi in Bali, people eat little or no food and ____55____; days before the festival, statues are made and later they will be burnt.
Flag throwing features army parades and gains popularity in Italy.
III. Conclusion
People still hold fast to some age-old rituals, because these traditions can ____56____.
【答案】53. quite strange or interesting
54. celebrate family ties
55. think deeply in silence
56. convey their culture and history
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，介绍了世界上几个奇怪有趣的节日。
【53题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“Some are widespread and taken on by one and all, like celebrating New Year and birthdays, and then there are some that are quite strange or interesting and practiced only by a small group of people. (有些广泛流传，被所有人接受，比如庆祝新年和生日，还有一些相当奇怪或有趣，只被一小群人实行。)”可知，作为历史文化的一种形式，一些传统是共同的，而另一些则非常奇怪或有趣，只有少数人庆祝。故答案为quite strange or interesting。
【54题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“Famadihana, also called the turning of the bones, is a festival in Madagascar that honors the dead and celebrates family ties. (Famadihana，也被称为骨血的轮回，是马达加斯加的一个节日，纪念死者，庆祝家庭关系。)”可知，马达加斯加人民庆祝Famadihana以纪念死者和庆祝家庭关系。故答案为celebrate family ties。
【55题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第三段中“Bali’s Day of Silence, or Nyepi, as they call it, is a holiday celebrated with eating little or no food as well as meditation, the practice of thinking deeply in silence. (巴厘岛的沉默日，或称Nyepi，是一个庆祝节日，人们很少或不吃食物，冥想，在沉默中进行深思。)”可知，在巴厘岛的尼埃皮期间，人们很少或根本不吃食物，默默地思考；在节日的前几天，雕像会被制作出来，稍后会被烧毁。故答案为think deeply in silence。
【56题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章最后一段中“Some traditions may sound strange, yet people hold them close to their hearts and still practice the age-old rituals to this day. These rituals are part of their culture and history and are able to shape and describe people. (有些传统可能听起来很奇怪，但人们把它们放在心里，直到今天仍在实践这些古老的仪式。这些仪式是他们文化和历史的一部分，能够塑造和描述人。)”可知，人们仍然坚持一些古老的仪式，因为这些传统可以传达他们的文化和历史。故答案为convey their culture and history。
IV. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
57. 我们每个人对这道数学题都有不同的解法。(approach) (汉译英)
【答案】Each of us has a different approach to this math problem.
【解析】
【详解】考查句子结构。根据句意可知，本句描述现实状况，用一般现在时。表示主语“我们每个人”为each of us，用作单数；主谓一致，表示谓语“有不同的解法”为has a different approach，表示“对这道数学题”为介词短语to this math problem，作后置定语，approach to是固定搭配。句首字母大写，故翻译为Each of us has a different approach to this math problem.
58. 两位热心的环保人轮流照顾着那只受伤的熊。(turn) (汉译英)
【答案】Two enthusiastic environmentalists take turns taking care of the injured bear.
【解析】
【详解】考查句子结构。根据句意可知，本句描述现实状况，可用一般现在时。表示主语“两位热心的环保人”为two enthusiastic environmentalists，是复数；表示“轮流做着某事”可用take turns (at) doing sth，强调已经在做某事，并且还会一直做下去；表示“照顾着那只受伤的熊”可用动词短语take care of the injured bear，动词take用动名词形式作at的宾语。句首字母大写，故可翻译为Two enthusiastic environmentalists take turns taking care of the injured bear.
59. 当地的音乐爱好者对这首名歌都有一段不可替代的记忆。(replace) (汉译英)
【答案】Local music lovers have an irreplaceable memory of this famous song.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和形容词。本句在陈述事实，为一般现在时，为主谓宾结构。“当地的音乐爱好者”翻译为Local music lovers ，“对这首名歌都有一段不可替代的记忆”翻译为have an irreplaceable memory of this famous song。irreplaceable“不可替代的”作定语。故翻译为：Local music lovers have an irreplaceable memory of this famous song.
60. 那位退休老师盯着我看了几秒钟，我猜他是想确认我读懂了这本科幻小说。(stare) (汉译英)
【答案】The retired teacher stared at me for a few seconds, trying, I guess, to make sure I understood the science fiction book.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、非谓语动词、宾语从句和插入语。主语“那位退休老师”用the retired teacher，谓语“盯着”用动词短语stare at，讲述过去的事情，用一般过去时态stared at，宾语“我”用宾格人称代词me，时间状语“几秒钟”用介词短语for a few seconds；“他是想确认我读懂了这本科幻小说”作伴随状语，“想……”用动词try，是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语The retired teacher之间是主动关系，用现在分词trying作伴随状语，“确认我读懂了这本科幻小说”作宾语，用不定式短语to make sure I understood the science fiction book，其中“I understood the science fiction book”作宾语从句，可省略连词that，“我猜”是插入语，用I guess表示，用逗号和句子其它部分隔开。综上，全句译为：The retired teacher stared at me for a few seconds, trying, I guess, to make sure I understood the science fiction book.
V. Guided Writing
61. Directions: Write an English paragraph in no less than 70 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
你是明启中学的高一学生吴磊。下学期高一年级将进行社会实践，校学生会正就活动地点征求大家建议，请你在信中写出：
(1) 推荐的地点；
(2) 推荐的理由。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Dear teacher,
On hearing that our school is going to conduct social practice next semester for us senior one students, I’m writing to offer my personal suggestion on the site arrangement.
I think the school field the most suitable place. Because it is large enough to hold all the whole students participating in the activity. What’s more, there are various regions for our students to take part in many kinds of activities, which can make us experience life fully.
I do hope that you will take my suggestion into consideration and that the activity site will be well received by all of the students.
Yours,
Wu Lei
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。要求考生对下学期高一年级将进行的社会实践活动地点给出建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
一…就…：on→upon
举办：conduct→throw
容纳：hold→accommodate
给与：offer→give
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I think the school field the most suitable place.
拓展句：I think the school field is the most suitable place.
【点睛】【高分句型1】On hearing that our school is going to conduct social practice next semester for us senior one students, I’m writing to offer my personal suggestion on the site arrangement.（由that引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】What’s more, there are various regions for our students to take part in many kinds of activities, which can make us experience life fully.（由which引导的非限制性定语从句）
