上海市育才中学2023~2024学年高二上学期期中
英语试卷
满分：150分 完成时间：120分钟
I. Listening Comprehension (25分)
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. Impatient. B. Confused. C. Sincere. D. Comfortable.
2. A. In a restaurant. B. In a hotel. C. In a café. D. In a snack bar.
3. A. American literature. B. Elementary education.
C. Children’s literature. D. Art history.
4. A. She will continue her work on vacation. B. Papers piled while she was on vacation.
C. She has too much work to do. D. She has made her vacation plans.
5. A. The man can only make a local call. B. The man can’t use her telephone.
C. The man can call any person in the world. D. The man can be her guest at any time.
6. A. Because the working hours were not suitable. B. Because the job was quite difficult.
C. Because he had to do a lot of travelling. D. Because the job was not well paid.
7. A. Finish checking his reference. B. Complete the research.
C. Put the material in order. D. Finish typing the paper.
8. A. He’ll ask Steve to go to the beach with them.
B. He wants to make sure the weather is clear.
C. He doesn’t know if they can have a room.
D. He isn’t sure whether there’ll be space for Steve.
9. A. Go on a trip. B. Take a long sail. C. Run a restaurant. D. Prepare a meal.
10. A. She only read the contents of the book. B. She didn’t omit a single detail.
C. She scanned the whole book. D. She read only some chapters of the book.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages and the conversations. The passages and the conversations will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. The U.S. is not one of the happiest countries in the world.
B. The U. S experienced a decline in happiness only from 2005 to 2007.
C. The U. S. is not included in the top 10 happiest countries.
D. The U. S. is among the 47 countries experiencing a decline in happiness.
12. A. Greece. B. Burundi. C. Denmark. D. Australia.
13. A. Quality education. B. Safety from crime. C. Good health. D. Wealth.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. Snowy. B. Cloudy. C. Smoggy. D. Rainy.
15. A. Red. B. Orange. C. Yellow. D. Blue.
16. A. Snow and rain have already brought an end to the heavy smog.
B. Beijing has gone through two red alerts for smog.
C. Beijing’s PM2.5 levels became worse in 2015.
D. Winter months are the most polluted because of the increased use of cars.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. In the woman’s hometown. B. In the man’s hometown.
C Outside their hometown. D. In a small town.
18. A. Choose whichever friend can give the best toast.
B. Choose whichever friend can plan the reception.
C. Choose whichever friend knows all their in-laws.
D. Choose whichever friend can plan the rehearsal dinner.
19. A. The bride’s family. B. A wedding planner.
C. The groom’s family. D. The new couple.
20. A. She doesn’t think it is a tradition.
B. She thinks it will cost too much to have a wedding planner.
C. She thinks her mother-in-law can plan the wedding well.
D. She doesn’t want a stranger to plan their wedding.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Grammar(1*5=5分)
Directions: Fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word.
1. The shy boy _______ (plan) to drop out of school because of loneliness and sadness at the new place, but a small talk with the headmaster helped him out. (所给词的适当形式填空)
2. _______(suffer) from heart disease for years, Professor White has to take medicine with him wherever he goes. (所给词的适当形式填空)
3. Zhong Yang, a professor of biology at Fudan University devoted to _______(build) a collection of seeds for China’s national seed bank was awarded “Model of the Times” by the government. (所给词的适当形式填空)
4. It was Oct 16th, 2021, when the shenzhou XIII was successfully launched, with Wang Yaping, the first Chinese female astronaut _______(carry) out a space walk. (所给词的适当形式填空)
5. You can’t imagine what great trouble they will have _______(solve) the problem being discussed at the moment. (所给词的适当形式填空)
Section B
Grammar(1*10=10分)
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
The 17-year-old making films fun for deaf children
For eight-year-old Toby, who is deaf, watching films or TV can sometimes be a bit pointless, because so many of them don’t have sign language versions. “We have subtitles (字幕) but it goes too fast,” his dad Jarod Mills said. But now, Toby has some help thanks to an app ___6___ (develop) by a 17-year-old student, Mariella Satow, who created a signing app called SignUp.
She got the idea when she ___7___ (teach) herself American Sign Language (ASL) — one of hundreds of sign languages used across the world. Manella wanted to watch TV shows to help her learn, and she was disappointed ____8____ (discover) how few had signed versions. It’s taken a year for Mariella to develop the technology, with lots of help from ASL teachers and the deaf community.
The app is available in the US as a browser extension—with an interpreter appearing in a box ___9___ the film starts playing. It only works on Disney Plus films at the moment, because that’s ___10___ Mariella thought she could help the most children. Jarod, ___11___ works at a school for deaf children, says it was “exciting” watching Toby use Mariella’s invention. He says, “Kids are getting information like any hearing child does.”
Deaf people in the UK face many of the same barriers when it comes to cinema and TV. “A hearing person ___12___ go to the cinema any time whereas deaf people have to make sure there’s a suitable viewing a time we’re free,” says 27-year-old Stacey Worboys from Cardiff. She has learned British Sign Language(BSL), and is comfortable using subtitles when watching TV shows and films. But she feels having an interpreter would make things ____13____ (inclusive), especially for someone who might struggle with subtitles.
Stacey and Toby aren’t the only people to be welcoming Mariella’s app. It’s now got thousands of users, and she’s working long days to balance it with her A-level studies. The time difference from New York to her school in Rugby, Warwickshire, means she sets her alarm for 5am.
She admits it’s “a bit tough” – but the silver lining is it gives her time to work on SignUp once lessons are over. The positive reaction from teachers and parents has kept Mariella ____14____ (motivate) to face the early starts.” The most meaningful comments are when it’s the first time a child _____15_____ (have) full access to a movie. The numbers don’t really matter. Instead, it’s the messages,” she says.
Section C Vocabulary(1*20=20分)
(A)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. contact B. serve C. weakening D. form E. consciously F. swell G. leisurely H. proportion I. randomly J. grasp K. normal
Why do fingers get wrinkly after a long bath or swim
We know skin wrinkles as you get older or when you pinch it between two fingers. But it’s been somewhat of a mystery why skin gets wrinkly and even sometimes changes color after you take a ____16____ bath or spend too long in the swimming pool.
Often people assume that these wrinkles form because the skin absorbs water, which makes it ____17____ up and buckle. To be honest, I did too for a long time.
But researchers back in the 1930s discovered that in people with nerve damage in their fingers, the post-bath wrinkles didn’t ____18____. Wrinkly fingers can’t just be due to water absorption then, or this would be a universal phenomenon, no matter how well your nerves are or aren’t working.
To explain what is happening, first you need to know a bit about the autonomic nervous system – the involuntary part of how your body works. Functions like breathing, blinking, your heart pumping or your pupils constricting in the sun all happen without your needing to ____19____ control them, thanks to the autonomic nervous system.
It also automatically controls the expansion and contraction of your blood vessels. This contraction of your blood vessels is also what causes the skin to wrinkle after a lengthy swim.
When your hands and feet come into ____20____ with water for more than a few minutes, the sweat ducts (汗腺管) in your skin open, allowing water to flow into the skin tissue. This added water decreases the ____21____ of salt inside the skin. Nerve fibers send a message about lower salt levels to your brain, and the autonomic nervous system responds by constricting the blood vessels.
When tiny blood vessels inside the skin contract, they pull the skin’s surface down, forming the wrinkles you see after a long bath.
But does this skin wrinkling-when-wet ____22____ any purpose
Researchers have found that wrinkled skin has added grip underwater in comparison to unwrinkled skin. Better grip lets you ____23____ objects more firmly. It makes walking along an underwater surface easier, with less likelihood of slipping.
Prolonged immersion in water makes skin more likely to break, but this ____24____ can take weeks to occur. Just don’t stay in the swimming pool too long and your pruney digits will go back to _____25_____ once you’ve dried off.
(B)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is two word more than you need.
A. matched B. accessible C. fingertips D. afford E. purest F. secure G. display H. partnerless I. strengthened J. blankest K. stream L. officially
Most people get sweaty palms just staring at EI Capitan, a breathtaking rock formation in Yosemite National Park, California. Alex Honnold’s stayed dry. And this June, he managed to climb the 900-meter vertical wall, pulling on edges barely big enough for ____26____.
Honnold could not ____27____ any slips. That’s because he carried nothing other than a bag of gymnasts’ chalk, to keep his fingers free of moisture. There was no rope to ____28____ him if he fell. After a four-hour ____29____ of power and precision, the 31-year-old safely challenged himself.
EI Capitan had been climbed ____30____ before, including by Honnold, but never in the way he has. In 2011, an American TV show about his earlier “free solos” drew seventeen million viewers. In climbing, “free” means using nothing but rocks for support. “ Solo” means free of protection. It is the sport at its ____31____ . In Yosemite, the birthplace of American climbing, Hannold has reached its peak. Praise from fellow climbers was ____32____ only by relief at his safe return.
The achievement marks the latest in a series of milestones for sport climbing. In 2015, two other American Tommy Caldwell and Kevin Jorgeson, established a route up the Dawn Wall, EI Capitan’s ____33____ part, after years of attempts. They made the front page of the New York Times and got congratulations from Barack Obama for the achievement. Last year, sport climbing was ____34____ accepted into the Olympic program for Tokyo 2020.
These have strengthened climbing’s position in the sporting circle in America and elsewhere. Google has invited Jorgeson to give a motivational talk to its employees. Climbing gyms have appeared around the globe over the past decade, making the event safer and more _____35_____ to ordinary people. The gyms have been popular among youngsters, who pay more attentions to exercises than to belongings.
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A Cloze(1*15=15分)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
What’s so bad about processed foods
Processed foods like chips, soda and frozen pizzas are full of salt, sugar and fat. Now scientists are trying to understand if there is something else about such foods that may be bad for humans. Already, the spread of cheap, ____36____ foods has been linked to rising obesity rates around the world. Three recent studies offer more ____37____ on how our increaingly industrialized food supply may be affecting our health.
What does processed food ____38____
The researchers came up with a system that groups foods into four categories. The system says highly processed foods are made ____39____ of industrialized ingredients and additives. Sodas, instant noodles and chicken nuggets are some examples of highly processed foods. But also included are products that can ____40____ beneficial to health, such as morning cereals, energy bars and some kinds of yogurt.
What’s wrong with processed foods
Researchers at the National Institutes of Health conducted a four-week study involving 20 people. They found that people eat about 500 more calories a day when ____41____ mostly processed food. That is compared with when the same people were given ____42____ processed foods. The researchers permitted the 20 participants to eat as much or as little as they wanted. They were taken to a medical center so their health and behavior could be ____43____.
In another study, researchers in France found people who ate more processed foods were more likely to have heart disease. A similar study in Spain linked eating more processed foods to a higher risk of death ____44____.
What is it about processed foods
When given less processed foods, people in the study _____45_____ more of a hormones that suppressed appetite, and less of a hormone that causes hunger. The reason for the _____46_____ is not clear. The scientists also found that people ate processed foods faster.
Kevin Hall is one of the researchers who led the study. He told the AP that processed foods _____47_____ be softer and easier to chew and swallow. Hall noted the source of nutrients might _____48_____. Fiber from whole fruits and vegetables, for instance, may be better for making people feel full than the types of fiber added to packaged foods such as energy bars and yogurt.
What should you eat
Limiting processed foods can be hard, especially for people with limited time and energy. “What _____49_____ me is when the message is, ‘Change the way we eat,’ without thinking about why people eat the way they eat,” said Sarah Bowen, a professor who studies food and inequality.
Another challenge is the broad range of processed foods, and _____50_____ which ones might be better or worse as companies continually re-engineer products to mislead consumers. So while the newest studies may give us more reasons to avoid industrialized foods, they also underlie the difficulty of coming up with solutions.
36. A. organic B. delicious C. packaged D. fast
37. A. examples B. clues C. contributors D. signals
38. A. provide B. suggest C. mean D. infer
39. A. specially B. mostly C. naturally D. technically
40. A. remain B. taste C. become D. seem
41. A. consumed B. forced C. deprived D. fed
42. A. minimally B. moderately C. maximally D. adequately
43. A. explainede B. monitored C. cured D. guaranteed
44. A. in general B. in particular C. in nature D. in advance
45. A. preferred B. produced C. compared D. processed
46. A. hunger B. procedure C. reaction D. psychology
47. A. attempt to B. intend to C. tend to D. mean to
48. A. strike a balance B. run a risk C. pose a threat D. make a difference
49. A. frustrates B. entertains C. puzzles D. inspires
50. A. predicting B. imagining C. assuming D. distinguishing
Section B(2*11=22分)
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinjshed statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B,C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
51. Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2
A. Try challenging things. B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lost memories. D. Stick to a promise.
52. What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica
A. Lovely penguins. B. Beautiful scenery.
C A discount fare. D. A friend’s invitation.
53. What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey
A. It could be a home for her. B. It should be easily accessible.
C. It should be well preserved. D. It needs to be fully introduced.
54 What is the text mainly about
A. A childhood dream. B. An unforgettable experience.
C. Sailing around the world. D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.
(B)
Of Special Interest to Freshman
Freshman Seminars are small classes just for freshmen, with some of York’s most distinguished faculty members. Some seminars provide an introduction to a particular field of study; others take an interdisciplinary (跨学科的) approach to a variety of topics. All seminars provided a friendly environment for developing relationships with faculty members and peers. STARS (Science, Technology, and Research Scholars) provides undergraduates of every year with an opportunity to combine research, course-based study, and development of mentorship skills. The program offers research opportunities and support to students historically underrepresented in the fields of natural science and quantitative reasoning, such as racial and ethnic minorities, women, and the physically challenged. More than 100 students each year participate in STARS, during the academic year or over the summer months.
Directed Studies is a selective freshman interdisciplinary program focusing on Western civilization that includes three yearlong courses —literature, philosophy, and historical and political thought — in which students read the foundational works of the Western tradition. Perspectives on Science and Engineering is a lecture and discussion course for about 75 selected freshmen who have exceptionally strong backgrounds in science or mathematics. The yearlong course explores a broad range of topics, exposes students to questions at the frontiers of science, and connects the first-year students to York’s Scientific community.
Academic Advising is a collective effort by the residential colleges, academic departments and various offices connected to York University Dean’s office. Students’ primary academic advisors are their residential college deans, to whom they may always turn for academic and personal advice. The deans live in residential colleges and supervise the advising networks in the college. Students also have a freshman advisor who is a York faculty member or administrator affiliated with their advisees’ residential college. Each academic department has a director of undergraduate studies (DUS) who can discuss with students the department’s course offerings and requirements for majors. Science and Engineering Undergraduate Research York is one of the world’s foremost research universities. Independent engineering research and design projects and scientific research are an essential part of undergraduate science education at York. Science students can begin conducting original research as early as the freshman year. Ninety-five percent of undergraduate science majors engaged in research with faculty mentors.
55 An African female freshman seeking opportunities of research is most likely to choose _____.
A. Freshman Seminars B. Directed Studies
C. STARS D. Perspectives on Science and Engineering
56. In which program may the science majors be guided to read Shakespeare’s works
A. Academic Advising. B. Directed Studies.
C. STARS. D. Freshman Seminars.
57. Which freshman may have priority to attend Perspectives on Science and Engineering
A. The one who has already got a novel published.
B. A medalist of the International Mathematical Olympiad.
C. The one who has designed an original engineering project.
D. An applicant for York’s Scientific Community.
(C)
While more and more scientists are working on nonfiction science books for the general reader, I think we also need a change.
The typical expert-voiced monologues (独白) that scientists write are a wonderful component of the engagement effort but the form is limited. Such books are largely ready people already willing to pick up a science book, or who are open to the authoritative academic’s voice telling them how to think. There are plenty of people who can engage with science but who find those kinds of books a sometimes unwelcome reminder of the classroom.
Following from my belief that science is for everyone, I suggest that publishers need to work with scientists to expand the kinds of books on offer, assured that there is an audience for them. Progress is possible. Many years ago, I realized it is hard to find books on the nonfiction science shelf that let readers see themselves as part of the conversation about science. So I thought about an entire book of conversations about science taking place between ordinary people. While “overhearing” those conversations, readers learn some science ideas. It’s a resurrection of the dialogue form, known to the ancient Greeks, and to Galileo, as a device for exchanging ideas, but with contemporary settings: cafes, restaurants, trains and so on.
I decided it would be engaging for the reader to actually see who’s having those conversations, and where, instead of describing them in words. This led me to realize that I was thinking about a powerful form of visual storytelling: Graphic novels for adults have matured and exploded in popularity in recent years. Spiegelman’s “Maus: A Survivor’s Tale” and Bechdel’s “Fun Home” are just two well-known examples.
But the storytelling tools of the graphic book have been little used to convey nonfiction science ideas to a general adult audience. The vast majority of contemporary graphic books with a science focus are presented instead as “explainer/adventure comics” for younger audiences. This is an important genre, but graphic books about science should not be limited to that.
And while there are several excellent graphic books for adults that include science, they typically focus instead on the lives of famous scientists, with discussion of the science itself as a secondary goal. Some excellent recent examples that balance the two aspects well include Ottaviani arid Myrick’s “Feyrunan” and Doxiadis and Papadimitriou’s “Logicomix”. The scarcity of science-focused non-biographical (非自传体的) graphic books for adults is especially true in my field of physics. So I decided that here was an opportunity to broaden the kinds of nonfiction science book available to engage the public.
58. It can be inferred from Para.2 that the expert-voiced monologues don’t appeal to _________.
A. those who are interested in scientific ideas
B. those who have no talents for scientific research
C. those who would like to know how scientists think
D. those who think science classes in school are uninteresting
59. The word “resurrection” (in paragraph 3) most probably means _________.
A. announcement B. comeback C. explanation D. representation
60. According to the writer, which might be the best form of nonfiction science books for general readers
A. A collection of scientists’ life stories. B. A book written by a Nobel Prize winner.
C. An adventure novel focusing on science. D. A comic book conveying scientific ideas.
61. What is passage mainly about
A. A well-known writer who writes to promote science among the public.
B. A possible way to get nonfiction science books to appeal to the public.
C. A new approach to have the public get interested in new scientific ideas.
D. An easy access for the public to have a general idea of what science is.
Section C(2*4=8分)
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Why should mankind explore space Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup as human beings. What prompted our distant ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all possible areas and environments ___62___. The wider the distribution of a species, the better its chance of survival.
Exploration also allows minerals and other potential resources to be located. Additional resources are always beneficial when used wisely, and can increase our chances of survival. Knowledge or techniques acquired through exploration, or preparing to explore, filter from the developers into society at large. ___63___. Also, we have already benefited from other by-products, including improvements in earthquake prediction — which has saved many lives — in satellites used for weather forecasting and in communications systems. Even non-stick saucepans and mirrored sunglasses are by-products of technological developments in the space industry!
___64___. The chances of a large comet hitting the Earth are small, but it could happen in time. Such strikes in the past may account for the extinction of dinosaurs and other species. Human technology is reaching the point where it might be able to detect the possibility of this happening, and enable us to minimize the damage, or prevent it completely, allowing us as a species to avoid extinction.
In certain circumstances, life on Earth may become impossible: over-population or wide spread diseases, for instance, might eventually force us to find other places to live. While the earth is the only planet known to sustain life, surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to inhabit other planets and moons. It is true that the lifestyle would be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future. ___65___.
A. The techniques may have medical applications which can improve the length or quality of our lives.
B. Space allows us to expand and succeed: for the sake of everyone on the earth, now and in the future, space exploration is essential.
C. The mysterious space objects varying in size have been fascinated scientists and scholars for years.
D. It appears that we are driven to ensure the success and continuation of not just our own genes, but of the species as a whole.
E. Therefore it still poses a problem for us human beings whether to explore the space at the cost of our own homelands.
F. While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was formed or how it works, it also holds dangers.
V. Translation(4*5=20分)
Directions: Translate the following sentence into English, using the words given in the brackets.
66. 过去，岛民们食物短缺，靠椰汁和鱼维生，孩子们也营养不良。(汉译英)
67. 在经过公司的精心挑选后，这些年轻的营销人员签订合同，同意推广该公司的产品。(where) (汉译英)
68. 这座主题公园位于上海，以其独特的文化内容和完美的游客体验为特色。(feature) (汉译英)
69. 由于气候变化，当地政府决定采用一项新的政策来适应更频繁的极端天气事件。(adopt) (汉译英)
70. 有些动物权益保护者认为，不应以残忍的方式来解决犬只伤人的问题。(address) (汉译英)
VI. Guided Writing(25分)
71. Directions: Write an English composition in 120—150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学的学生李明。十月以来，为提升学生体质健康水平，你们学校组织全校学生在早锻炼后，男生做30个俯卧撑（push-ups），女生做3分钟平板支撑（planks）。但有同学反映运动强度过大，身体不适。现学校委托学生会向同学们征集意见，请你向学生会写封邮件。
要求：
1. 提出问题；
2. 提出改进的建议和理由。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________上海市育才中学2023~2024学年高二上学期期中
英语试卷
满分：150分 完成时间：120分钟
I. Listening Comprehension (25分)
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. Impatient. B. Confused. C. Sincere. D. Comfortable.
2. A. In a restaurant. B. In a hotel. C. In a café. D. In a snack bar.
3. A. American literature. B. Elementary education.
C. Children’s literature. D. Art history.
4. A. She will continue her work on vacation. B. Papers piled while she was on vacation.
C. She has too much work to do. D. She has made her vacation plans.
5. A. The man can only make a local call. B. The man can’t use her telephone.
C. The man can call any person in the world. D. The man can be her guest at any time.
6. A. Because the working hours were not suitable. B. Because the job was quite difficult.
C. Because he had to do a lot of travelling. D. Because the job was not well paid.
7. A. Finish checking his reference. B. Complete the research.
C. Put the material in order. D. Finish typing the paper.
8. A. He’ll ask Steve to go to the beach with them.
B. He wants to make sure the weather is clear.
C. He doesn’t know if they can have a room.
D. He isn’t sure whether there’ll be space for Steve.
9. A. Go on a trip. B. Take a long sail. C. Run a restaurant. D. Prepare a meal.
10. A. She only read the contents of the book. B. She didn’t omit a single detail.
C. She scanned the whole book. D. She read only some chapters of the book.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages and the conversations. The passages and the conversations will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. The U.S. is not one of the happiest countries in the world.
B. The U. S experienced a decline in happiness only from 2005 to 2007.
C. The U. S. is not included in the top 10 happiest countries.
D. The U. S. is among the 47 countries experiencing a decline in happiness.
12. A. Greece. B. Burundi. C. Denmark. D. Australia.
13. A. Quality education. B. Safety from crime. C. Good health. D. Wealth.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. Snowy. B. Cloudy. C. Smoggy. D. Rainy.
15. A. Red. B. Orange. C. Yellow. D. Blue.
16. A. Snow and rain have already brought an end to the heavy smog.
B. Beijing has gone through two red alerts for smog.
C. Beijing’s PM2.5 levels became worse in 2015.
D. Winter months are the most polluted because of the increased use of cars.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. In the woman’s hometown. B. In the man’s hometown.
C. Outside their hometown. D. In a small town.
18. A. Choose whichever friend can give the best toast.
B. Choose whichever friend can plan the reception.
C. Choose whichever friend knows all their in-laws.
D. Choose whichever friend can plan the rehearsal dinner.
19. A. The bride’s family. B. A wedding planner.
C. The groom’s family. D. The new couple.
20. A. She doesn’t think it is a tradition.
B. She thinks it will cost too much to have a wedding planner.
C. She thinks her mother-in-law can plan the wedding well.
D. She doesn’t want a stranger to plan their wedding.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Grammar(1*5=5分)
Directions: Fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word.
1. The shy boy _______ (plan) to drop out of school because of loneliness and sadness at the new place, but a small talk with the headmaster helped him out. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】had planned
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：由于在新地方感到孤独和悲伤，这个害羞的男孩本打算退学，但与校长的一次简短交谈帮助他摆脱了困境。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，结合“a small talk with the headmaster helped him out”可知，应用过去完成时，即had planned to do表示这个男孩本来计划退学，但事实上没做成，属于虚拟语气。故填had planned。
2. _______(suffer) from heart disease for years, Professor White has to take medicine with him wherever he goes. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Having suffered
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于患有心脏病多年，怀特教授无论走到哪里都得随身带着药。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词has to take，所以suffer用非谓语动词，和逻辑主语Professor White之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式，根据时间状语for years可知用现在完成时，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Having suffered。
3. Zhong Yang, a professor of biology at Fudan University devoted to _______(build) a collection of seeds for China’s national seed bank was awarded “Model of the Times” by the government. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】building
【解析】
【详解】考查动名词。句意：复旦大学生物学教授钟扬致力于为中国国家种子库建设种子库，被政府授予“时代楷模”。分析可知，“(be) devoted to doing”，固定短语，意为“致力于做某事”，动名词作宾语。故填building。
4. It was Oct 16th, 2021, when the shenzhou XIII was successfully launched, with Wang Yaping, the first Chinese female astronaut _______(carry) out a space walk. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to carry
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词；句意：2021年10月16日，神舟十三号载着王亚平成功发射升空，她是第一位进行太空行走的中国女宇航员。分析句子结构可知，carry为非谓语动词作定语修饰名词astronaut，当名词前有序数词the first修饰时，其后使用不定式作定语，故填to carry。
5. You can’t imagine what great trouble they will have _______(solve) the problem being discussed at the moment. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】solving
【解析】
【详解】考查动名词。句意：你无法想象他们解决目前正在讨论的问题将会有多大的困难。分析可知，“have trouble (in) doing…”，固定短语，意为“做某事有困难”，介词in可省略，动名词作宾语。故填solving。
Section B
Grammar(1*10=10分)
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
The 17-year-old making films fun for deaf children
For eight-year-old Toby, who is deaf, watching films or TV can sometimes be a bit pointless, because so many of them don’t have sign language versions. “We have subtitles (字幕) but it goes too fast,” his dad Jarod Mills said. But now, Toby has some help thanks to an app ___6___ (develop) by a 17-year-old student, Mariella Satow, who created a signing app called SignUp.
She got the idea when she ___7___ (teach) herself American Sign Language (ASL) — one of hundreds of sign languages used across the world. Manella wanted to watch TV shows to help her learn, and she was disappointed ____8____ (discover) how few had signed versions. It’s taken a year for Mariella to develop the technology, with lots of help from ASL teachers and the deaf community.
The app is available in the US as a browser extension—with an interpreter appearing in a box ___9___ the film starts playing. It only works on Disney Plus films at the moment, because that’s ___10___ Mariella thought she could help the most children. Jarod, ___11___ works at a school for deaf children, says it was “exciting” watching Toby use Mariella’s invention. He says, “Kids are getting information like any hearing child does.”
Deaf people in the UK face many of the same barriers when it comes to cinema and TV. “A hearing person ___12___ go to the cinema any time whereas deaf people have to make sure there’s a suitable viewing a time we’re free” says 27-year-old Stacey Worboys from Cardiff. She has learned British Sign Language(BSL), and is comfortable using subtitles when watching TV shows and films. But she feels having an interpreter would make things ____13____ (inclusive), especially for someone who might struggle with subtitles.
Stacey and Toby aren’t the only people to be welcoming Mariella’s app. It’s now got thousands of users, and she’s working long days to balance it with her A-level studies. The time difference from New York to her school in Rugby, Warwickshire, means she sets her alarm for 5am.
She admits it’s “a bit tough” – but the silver lining is it gives her time to work on SignUp once lessons are over. The positive reaction from teachers and parents has kept Mariella ____14____ (motivate) to face the early starts.” The most meaningful comments are when it’s the first time a child _____15_____ (have) full access to a movie. The numbers don’t really matter. Instead, it’s the messages,” she says.
【答案】6. developed
7. was teaching
8. to discover
9. once 10. where
11. who 12. can
13. more inclusive
14. motivated
15. has had
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。17岁的学生Mariella Satow开发了一款名为“Signup”的手语应用程序，方便失聪人群看电影。
【6题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：但是现在，托比得到了一些帮助，这要感谢17岁的学生玛丽拉·萨托开发的一款应用程序，她创建了一款名为“SignUp”的签名应用程序。分析句子可知，空处为非谓语动词，app与develop为被动关系，用过去分词。故填developed。
【7题详解】
考查时态。句意：她在自学美国手语(ASL)时产生了这个想法，ASL是世界上使用的数百种手语之一。根据句意可知，表示过去一直在做的事情，为过去进行时。故填was teaching。
【8题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：曼内拉想看电视节目来帮助她学习，但是她失望地发现很少用手语。be disappointed to do sth。故填to discover。
【9题详解】
考查连词。句意：这款应用在美国以浏览器扩展的形式提供，一旦电影开始播放，就会出现一个翻译框。空处填连词，表示“一旦”，用once引导时间状语从句。故填once。
【10题详解】
考查连接副词。句意：目前它只适用于迪士尼Plus电影，因为玛丽拉认为这是她可以帮助最多孩子的地方。空处引导表语从句，表示地点用连接副词where。故填where。
【11题详解】
考查关系词。句意：Jarod在一所聋哑儿童学校工作，他说看着Toby使用Mariella的发明是“令人兴奋的”。先行词Jarod，指人，关系词在定语从句中作主语，关系代词who。故填who。
【12题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：一个听力正常的人可以在任何时候去电影院，而聋哑人必须确保在我们有空的时候有合适的观看时间。表示能，用情态动词can。故填can。
【13题详解】
考查形容词。句意：但她觉得有一名翻译会让事情变得更包容，尤其是对那些看不懂字幕的人来说。根据句意可知，表示更包容，用形容词比较级more inclusive作宾语补足语。故填more inclusive。
【14题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：老师和家长的积极反应让玛丽拉有动力去面对提前开始。空处作非谓语，Mariella与motivate在逻辑上是被动关系，用过去分词。 故填motivated。
【15题详解】
考查时态。句意：最有意义的评论是当孩子第一次完全接触到一部电影时。本句为固定句型，it is+the+序数词+（that）+现在完成时，主语为单数，谓语为单数。故填has had。
Section C Vocabulary(1*20=20分)
(A)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. contact B. serve C. weakening D. form E. consciously F. swell G. leisurely H. proportion I. randomly J. grasp K. normal
Why do fingers get wrinkly after a long bath or swim
We know skin wrinkles as you get older or when you pinch it between two fingers. But it’s been somewhat of a mystery why skin gets wrinkly and even sometimes changes color after you take a ____16____ bath or spend too long in the swimming pool.
Often people assume that these wrinkles form because the skin absorbs water, which makes it ____17____ up and buckle. To be honest, I did too for a long time.
But researchers back in the 1930s discovered that in people with nerve damage in their fingers, the post-bath wrinkles didn’t ____18____. Wrinkly fingers can’t just be due to water absorption then, or this would be a universal phenomenon, no matter how well your nerves are or aren’t working.
To explain what is happening, first you need to know a bit about the autonomic nervous system – the involuntary part of how your body works. Functions like breathing, blinking, your heart pumping or your pupils constricting in the sun all happen without your needing to ____19____ control them, thanks to the autonomic nervous system.
It also automatically controls the expansion and contraction of your blood vessels. This contraction of your blood vessels is also what causes the skin to wrinkle after a lengthy swim.
When your hands and feet come into ____20____ with water for more than a few minutes, the sweat ducts (汗腺管) in your skin open, allowing water to flow into the skin tissue. This added water decreases the ____21____ of salt inside the skin. Nerve fibers send a message about lower salt levels to your brain, and the autonomic nervous system responds by constricting the blood vessels.
When tiny blood vessels inside the skin contract, they pull the skin’s surface down, forming the wrinkles you see after a long bath.
But does this skin wrinkling-when-wet ____22____ any purpose
Researchers have found that wrinkled skin has added grip underwater in comparison to unwrinkled skin. Better grip lets you ____23____ objects more firmly. It makes walking along an underwater surface easier, with less likelihood of slipping.
Prolonged immersion in water makes skin more likely to break, but this ____24____ can take weeks to occur. Just don’t stay in the swimming pool too long and your pruney digits will go back to _____25_____ once you’ve dried off.
【答案】16. leisurely
17. swell 18. form
19. consciously
20. contact
21. proportion
22. serve 23. grasp
24. weakening
25. normal
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章解释了为什么长时间泡澡或游泳后手指会起皱，并揭示了这一现象背后的生理原理。
【16题详解】
考查形容词。句意：但为什么在你悠闲地洗了个澡或在游泳池里泡了太长时间后，皮肤会起皱纹，甚至有时会变色，这一直是个谜。分析句子结构可知，空格处单词修饰名词bath，结合句意，表示“悠闲的”，用形容词leisurely作定语。故填leisurely。
【17题详解】
考查动词。句意：人们通常认为这些皱纹的形成是因为皮肤吸收水分，使其膨胀和弯曲。结合常识和上文“the skin absorbs water”可推知，皮肤吸收水分会膨胀，用动词短语swell up作宾语补足语，意为“膨胀”。故填swell。
【18题详解】
考查动词。句意：但早在20世纪30年代，研究人员就发现，在手指神经受损的人身上，洗完澡后不会形成皱纹。根据上文“But”可知，上下文之间是转折关系，说明手指神经受损的人洗完澡后手指上不会形成皱纹，用动词form作谓语，意为“形成”。故填form。
【19题详解】
考查副词。句意：呼吸、眨眼、心脏跳动或瞳孔在阳光下收缩等功能都不需要你有意识地控制，这要归功于自主神经系统。根据下文“thanks to the autonomic nervous system”可知，因为这些行为是由自主神经系统控制，所以不需要自己“有意识地”控制它们，用副词consciously作状语。故填consciously。
【20题详解】
考查名词。句意：当你的手和脚接触水超过几分钟时，你皮肤上的汗管就会打开，让水流入皮肤组织。根据下文“with water for more than a few minutes”可推知，手和脚与水“接触”，用名词contact作宾语。故填contact。
【21题详解】
考查名词。句意：增加的水分减少了皮肤内盐分的比例。根据上文“allowing water to flow into the skin tissue”可推知，水流入皮肤组织，所以增加的水分减少了皮肤内盐分的“比例”，用名词proportion作宾语。故填proportion。
【22题详解】
考查动词。句意：但是这种皮肤湿润时起皱的现象有什么作用吗 下文“Researchers have found that wrinkled skin has added grip underwater in comparison to unwrinkled skin.”回答了皮肤湿润时起皱的作用，所以上文问的是“皮肤湿润时起皱的现象有什么作用吗 ”，用动词serve作谓语，意为“对……有用”。故填serve。
【23题详解】
考查动词。句意：更好的抓地力让你更牢固地抓住物体。根据上文“wrinkled skin has added grip underwater in comparison to unwrinkled skin”可推知，起皱的皮肤让你能更紧地抓住物体，用动词grasp作宾语补足语。故填grasp。
【24题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：长时间浸泡在水中会使皮肤更容易破裂，但这种变弱可能需要几周的时间才能发生。上文“Prolonged immersion in water makes skin more likely to break”提出长时间浸泡在水中会使皮肤更容易破裂，这是一种皮肤的“弱化”，用动名词weakening作主语。故填weakening。
【25题详解】
考查名词。句意：只是不要在游泳池里呆太久，一旦干了，你像梅干一样的手指就会恢复正常。根据下文“once you’ve dried off”可知，皮肤干了后手指就会恢复正常，用名词normal作宾语。故填normal。
(B)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is two word more than you need.
A. matched B. accessible C. fingertips D. afford E. purest F. secure G. display H. partnerless I. strengthened J. blankest K. stream L. officially
Most people get sweaty palms just staring at EI Capitan, a breathtaking rock formation in Yosemite National Park, California. Alex Honnold’s stayed dry. And this June, he managed to climb the 900-meter vertical wall, pulling on edges barely big enough for ____26____.
Honnold could not ____27____ any slips. That’s because he carried nothing other than a bag of gymnasts’ chalk, to keep his fingers free of moisture. There was no rope to ____28____ him if he fell. After a four-hour ____29____ of power and precision, the 31-year-old safely challenged himself.
EI Capitan had been climbed ____30____ before, including by Honnold, but never in the way he has. In 2011, an American TV show about his earlier “free solos” drew seventeen million viewers. In climbing, “free” means using nothing but rocks for support. “ Solo” means free of protection. It is the sport at its ____31____ . In Yosemite, the birthplace of American climbing, Hannold has reached its peak. Praise from fellow climbers was ____32____ only by relief at his safe return.
The achievement marks the latest in a series of milestones for sport climbing. In 2015, two other American Tommy Caldwell and Kevin Jorgeson, established a route up the Dawn Wall, EI Capitan’s ____33____ part, after years of attempts. They made the front page of the New York Times and got congratulations from Barack Obama for the achievement. Last year, sport climbing was ____34____ accepted into the Olympic program for Tokyo 2020.
These have strengthened climbing’s position in the sporting circle in America and elsewhere. Google has invited Jorgeson to give a motivational talk to its employees. Climbing gyms have appeared around the globe over the past decade, making the event safer and more _____35_____ to ordinary people. The gyms have been popular among youngsters, who pay more attentions to exercises than to belongings.
【答案】26. C 27. D
28. F 29. G
30. H 31. E
32. A 33. J
34. L 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了攀岩运动在美国和其他地方越来越受欢迎。
【26题详解】
考查名词。句意：今年6月，他成功地爬上了900米高的垂直岩壁，在岩壁的边缘勉强够指尖触碰。根据句意“指尖”可知，此处为名词fingertip，作介词for的宾语，表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，需用名词复数形式。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查动词。句意：Honnold承受不起任何疏忽。根据句意“负担得起”可知，此处为动词afford，位于情态动词could后面，使用动词原形。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：如果他掉下去，没有绳子保护他。根据句意“保护”可知，此处为动词secure，位于动词不定式符号to后面，使用动词原形。故选F。
【29题详解】
考查名词。句意：经过四个小时的力量和精确度的展示，这位31岁的男子安全地挑战了自己。根据句意“展示”可知，此处为名词display，位于介词after之后，需用名词作宾语。故选G。
【30题详解】
考查形容词。句意：EI Capitan之前也有过无合伙人攀登的经历，包括霍诺德，但从来没有像他这样。根据句意“无伴的”可知，此处为形容词partnerless。故选H。
【31题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：这是一项最纯粹的运动。根据句意“最纯粹的”可知，此处为固定搭配at its purest。故选E。
【32题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：欣慰的是他平安归来，配得上同伴们的称赞。根据句意“匹配”可知，此处为动词match，Praise和match为被动关系，需用被动语态，已有be动词was，空处需填过去分词matched。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查形容词最高级。2015年，另外两名美国人汤米·考德威尔(Tommy Caldwell)和凯文·乔格森(Kevin Jorgeson)经过多年的尝试，建立了一条攀登黎明墙的路线，这是EI Capitan最光秃秃的部分。根据句意“最光秃秃的”可知，此处为形容词最高级blankest，作定语，修饰名词part。故选J。
【34题详解】
考查副词。句意：去年，运动攀岩被正式纳入2020年东京奥运会项目。根据句意“正式地”可知，此处为副词officially，作状语修饰动词短语was accepted into。故选L。
【35题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在过去的十年里，攀岩馆在全球范围内出现，使这项运动更安全，更容易为普通人所接受。根据句意“对……可接触的”可知，此处为固定短语accessible to。故选B。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A Cloze(1*15=15分)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
What’s so bad about processed foods
Processed foods like chips, soda and frozen pizzas are full of salt, sugar and fat. Now scientists are trying to understand if there is something else about such foods that may be bad for humans. Already, the spread of cheap, ____36____ foods has been linked to rising obesity rates around the world. Three recent studies offer more ____37____ on how our increaingly industrialized food supply may be affecting our health.
What does processed food ____38____
The researchers came up with a system that groups foods into four categories. The system says highly processed foods are made ____39____ of industrialized ingredients and additives. Sodas, instant noodles and chicken nuggets are some examples of highly processed foods. But also included are products that can ____40____ beneficial to health, such as morning cereals, energy bars and some kinds of yogurt.
What’s wrong with processed foods
Researchers at the National Institutes of Health conducted a four-week study involving 20 people. They found that people eat about 500 more calories a day when ____41____ mostly processed food. That is compared with when the same people were given ____42____ processed foods. The researchers permitted the 20 participants to eat as much or as little as they wanted. They were taken to a medical center so their health and behavior could be ____43____.
In another study, researchers in France found people who ate more processed foods were more likely to have heart disease. A similar study in Spain linked eating more processed foods to a higher risk of death ____44____.
What is it about processed foods
When given less processed foods, people in the study _____45_____ more of a hormones that suppressed appetite, and less of a hormone that causes hunger. The reason for the _____46_____ is not clear. The scientists also found that people ate processed foods faster.
Kevin Hall is one of the researchers who led the study. He told the AP that processed foods _____47_____ be softer and easier to chew and swallow. Hall noted the source of nutrients might _____48_____. Fiber from whole fruits and vegetables, for instance, may be better for making people feel full than the types of fiber added to packaged foods such as energy bars and yogurt.
What should you eat
Limiting processed foods can be hard, especially for people with limited time and energy. “What _____49_____ me is when the message is, ‘Change the way we eat,’ without thinking about why people eat the way they eat,” said Sarah Bowen, a professor who studies food and inequality.
Another challenge is the broad range of processed foods, and _____50_____ which ones might be better or worse as companies continually re-engineer products to mislead consumers. So while the newest studies may give us more reasons to avoid industrialized foods, they also underlie the difficulty of coming up with solutions.
36. A. organic B. delicious C. packaged D. fast
37. A. examples B. clues C. contributors D. signals
38. A. provide B. suggest C. mean D. infer
39. A. specially B. mostly C. naturally D. technically
40. A. remain B. taste C. become D. seem
41. A. consumed B. forced C. deprived D. fed
42. A. minimally B. moderately C. maximally D. adequately
43. A. explainede B. monitored C. cured D. guaranteed
44. A. in general B. in particular C. in nature D. in advance
45. A. preferred B. produced C. compared D. processed
46. A. hunger B. procedure C. reaction D. psychology
47. A. attempt to B. intend to C. tend to D. mean to
48. A. strike a balance B. run a risk C. pose a threat D. make a difference
49. A. frustrates B. entertains C. puzzles D. inspires
50. A. predicting B. imagining C. assuming D. distinguishing
【答案】36. C 37. B 38. C 39. B 40. D 41. D 42. A 43. B 44. A 45. B 46. C 47. C 48. D 49. A 50. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出廉价包装食品的普及与全球肥胖率的上升有关，并根据最近的三项研究，向读者介绍了什么是加工食品，加工食品有什么问题，加工食品与什么有关，以及人们应该吃什么。
【36题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：廉价包装食品的普及已经与全球肥胖率的上升联系在一起。A. organic有机的；B. delicious美味的；C. packaged包装过的；D. fast快速的。根据上文“Processed foods like chips, soda and frozen pizzas are full of salt, sugar and fat.”可知，此处指那些加工食品，加工食品通常都是包装好来售卖的。故选C。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：最近的三项研究为我们日益工业化的食品供应如何影响我们的健康提供了更多线索。A. examples例子；B. clues线索；C. contributors促成因素；D. signals信号。根据下文的四个小标题可知，下文主要根据这些研究为读者普及加工食品的相关知识，因此是为了解如何影响提供了更多线索。故选B。
【38题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：加工食品是什么？A. provide提供；B. suggest建议；C. mean意思是；D. infer推断。根据下文“The system says highly processed foods are made ____4____ of industrialized ingredients and additives.”可知，本段主要介绍加工食品是什么。故选C。
【39题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：该体系显示，高度加工的食品主要由工业化成分和添加剂制成。A. specially特别地；B. mostly主要地；C. naturally自然地；D. technically技术上。根据上文“highly processed foods are made”和下文“of industrialized ingredients and additives”可推知，高度加工的食品的主要成分是工业化成分和添加剂。故选B。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但也包括一些似乎对健康有益的产品，比如早餐麦片、能量棒和某些种类的酸奶。A. remain保持；B. taste尝起来；C. become变成；D. seem似乎。根据下文“morning cereals, energy bars and some kinds of yogurt”和生活常识可知，这些产品通常被认为是健康的，再结合上文的“But”可推知，此处有转折，表示这些产品只是似乎是健康的，实际上却属于高度加工的食品。故选D。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们发现，当人们主要食用加工食品时，他们每天会多摄入约500卡路里的热量。A. consumed消耗；B. forced强迫；C. deprived剥夺；D. fed为……提供食物。根据下文“That is compared with when the same people were given ____7____ processed foods.”可知，该实验是对比同一组人食用不同加工程度的食品的卡路里摄入情况，因此是主要食用加工食品时会摄入更多的热量。故选D。
【42题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这是和只吃最小限度加工食品的同样的人比较得出的。A. minimally最小程度地；B. moderately适度地；C. maximally最大程度地；D. adequately充分地。根据上文“That is compared with”可知，该实验是对比同一组人食用不同加工程度的食品的卡路里摄入情况，再结合上文“mostly processed food”可推知，此处表示只吃最小限度加工的食品，minimally和mostly相对。故选A。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们被带到医疗中心，这样就可以监测他们的健康和行为。A. explained解释；B. monitored监测；C. cured治愈；D. guaranteed保证。根据上文“They were taken to a medical center so their health and behavior”可推知，参与者被带到医疗中心是为了被监测健康和行为，为研究提供数据。故选B。
【44题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：西班牙的一项类似研究表明，吃更多的加工食品通常会增加死亡风险。A. in general通常；B. in particular尤其；C. in nature本质上；D. in advance提前。根据上文“In another study, researchers in France found people who ate more processed foods were more likely to have heart disease.”和“A similar study”可知，法国的研究人员发现了食用加工食品和患心脏病之间的一般性联系，因此西班牙的这项类似研究表明的应该是通常会增加死亡风险。故选A。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在研究中，当少吃加工食品时，人们产生的抑制食欲的激素更多，导致饥饿的激素更少。A. preferred更喜欢；B. produced产生；C. compared比较；D. processed加工。根据下文“more of a hormones that suppressed appetite, and less of a hormone that causes hunger”可推知，这两种激素都是人体自身产生的。故选B。
【46题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种反应的原因尚不清楚。A. hunger饥饿；B. procedure程序；C. reaction反应；D. psychology心理学。根据上文“When given less processed foods, people in the study ____10____ more of a hormones that suppressed appetite, and less of a hormone that causes hunger.”可知，此处指上文这种人体内的反应。故选C。
【47题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他告诉美联社，加工食品往往更软，更容易咀嚼和吞咽。A. attempt to试图；B. intend to打算；C. tend to往往会；D. mean to打算。根据上文“The scientists also found that people ate processed foods faster.”可知，此处是解释人们吃加工食品的速度更快的原因，应该是因为这些食品往往更软，更容易咀嚼和吞咽。故选C。
【48题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：Hall指出，营养物质的来源可能会产生影响。A. strike a balance达到平衡；B. run a risk冒风险；C. pose a threat构成威胁；D. make a difference产生影响。根据下文“Fiber from whole fruits and vegetables, for instance, may be better for making people feel full than the types of fiber added to packaged foods such as energy bars and yogurt.”可知，来自整个水果和蔬菜的纤维和来自包装食品的纤维产生饱腹感的能力不同，因此营养物质的来源可能会产生影响。故选D。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究食物与不平等的教授Sarah Bowen说：“让我感到沮丧的是，当人们说‘改变我们的饮食方式’时，却没有考虑为什么人们会这样吃。”A. frustrates使沮丧；B. entertains使快乐；C. puzzles使困惑；D. inspires激励。根据下文“when the message is, ‘Change the way we eat,’ without thinking about why people eat the way they eat”可知，人们会忽略这样吃的原因，仅仅认为应该改变，这没有触及问题的核心，因此Sarah Bowen会感到沮丧。故选A。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一个挑战是加工食品的种类繁多，随着公司不断重新设计产品以误导消费者，要区分哪些可能更好，哪些可能更差。A. predicting预测；B. imagining想象；C. assuming假设；D. distinguishing区分。根据下文“companies continually re-engineer products to mislead consumers”可知，公司不断重新设计产品以误导消费者，因此是需要区分好坏。故选D。
Section B(2*11=22分)
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinjshed statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B,C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
51. Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2
A. Try challenging things. B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lost memories. D. Stick to a promise.
52. What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica
A. Lovely penguins. B. Beautiful scenery.
C. A discount fare. D. A friend’s invitation.
53. What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey
A. It could be a home for her. B. It should be easily accessible.
C. It should be well preserved. D. It needs to be fully introduced.
54. What is the text mainly about
A. A childhood dream. B. An unforgettable experience.
C. Sailing around the world. D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.
【答案】51. A 52. C 53. C 54. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了71岁的Ginni Bazlinton从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。
【51题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段第一句“After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile.(在奇切斯特大学获得相关艺术学位后，Ginni开始周游世界，最终在日本和智利找到了教英语的工作。)”可知，此处是指做有挑战性的事情，所以take the plunge意为“尝试有挑战性的事情”。故选A。
【52题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tiera del Fuego. (正是在智利，她发现自己可以在最后一刻买到从火地岛附近岛屿前往南极洲的廉价船票)”可知，是折扣的票价让Ginni决定去南极洲旅行的。故选C。
【53题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni. (意识到这是一块宝贵的土地，应该受到人类的尊重，这是Ginni最深刻的感受之一)”可知，旅行结束后，Ginni认为南极洲应该得到很好的保护。故选C。
【54题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了Ginni Bazlinton去南极旅行经历，再根据第一段“These gentle lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget. (这些温柔可爱的看门人欢迎了她，并开始了一次Ginni永远不会忘记的旅行)”和倒数第二段Ginni Bazlinton对南极之旅的评价可知，文章主要介绍了Ginni Bazlinton的南极洲之旅让她非常难忘。由此可知，An unforgettable experience. (一次难忘的经历) 能够概括文章主旨。故选B。
【点睛】
(B)
Of Special Interest to Freshman
Freshman Seminars are small classes just for freshmen, with some of York’s most distinguished faculty members. Some seminars provide an introduction to a particular field of study; others take an interdisciplinary (跨学科的) approach to a variety of topics. All seminars provided a friendly environment for developing relationships with faculty members and peers. STARS (Science, Technology, and Research Scholars) provides undergraduates of every year with an opportunity to combine research, course-based study, and development of mentorship skills. The program offers research opportunities and support to students historically underrepresented in the fields of natural science and quantitative reasoning, such as racial and ethnic minorities, women, and the physically challenged. More than 100 students each year participate in STARS, during the academic year or over the summer months.
Directed Studies is a selective freshman interdisciplinary program focusing on Western civilization that includes three yearlong courses —literature, philosophy, and historical and political thought — in which students read the foundational works of the Western tradition. Perspectives on Science and Engineering is a lecture and discussion course for about 75 selected freshmen who have exceptionally strong backgrounds in science or mathematics. The yearlong course explores a broad range of topics, exposes students to questions at the frontiers of science, and connects the first-year students to York’s Scientific community.
Academic Advising is a collective effort by the residential colleges, academic departments and various offices connected to York University Dean’s office. Students’ primary academic advisors are their residential college deans, to whom they may always turn for academic and personal advice. The deans live in residential colleges and supervise the advising networks in the college. Students also have a freshman advisor who is a York faculty member or administrator affiliated with their advisees’ residential college. Each academic department has a director of undergraduate studies (DUS) who can discuss with students the department’s course offerings and requirements for majors. Science and Engineering Undergraduate Research York is one of the world’s foremost research universities. Independent engineering research and design projects and scientific research are an essential part of undergraduate science education at York. Science students can begin conducting original research as early as the freshman year. Ninety-five percent of undergraduate science majors engaged in research with faculty mentors.
55. An African female freshman seeking opportunities of research is most likely to choose _____.
A. Freshman Seminars B. Directed Studies
C. STARS D. Perspectives on Science and Engineering
56. In which program may the science majors be guided to read Shakespeare’s works
A. Academic Advising. B. Directed Studies.
C. STARS. D. Freshman Seminars.
57. Which freshman may have priority to attend Perspectives on Science and Engineering
A. The one who has already got a novel published.
B. A medalist of the International Mathematical Olympiad.
C. The one who has designed an original engineering project.
D. An applicant for York’s Scientific Community.
【答案】55. C 56. B 57. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了约克大学一些新生感兴趣的课程。
【55题详解】
细节理解题。根据STARS部分中“The program offers research opportunities and support to students historically underrepresented in the fields of natural science and quantitative reasoning, such as racial and ethnic minorities, women, and the physically challenged.(该项目为自然科学和定量推理领域历史上代表性不足的学生提供研究机会和支持，如少数民族、妇女和残疾人)”可知，寻求研究机会的非洲女新生最有可能选择STARS。故选C。
【56题详解】
细节理解题。根据Directed Studies部分中“Directed Studies is a selective freshman interdisciplinary program focusing on Western civilization that includes three yearlong courses —literature, philosophy, and historical and political thought — in which students read the foundational works of the Western tradition.(定向研究是一门新生选择的跨学科课程，主要研究西方文明，包括为期三年的课程——文学、哲学、历史和政治思想——学生们在课程中阅读西方传统的基础著作)”可知，在Directed Studies课程中，理科专业的学生可以被引导阅读莎士比亚的作品。故选B。
【57题详解】
推理判断题。根据Perspectives on Science and Engineering部分中“Perspectives on Science and Engineering is a lecture and discussion course for about 75 selected freshmen who have exceptionally strong backgrounds in science or mathematics.(《科学与工程展望》是一门讲座和讨论课程，为75名在科学或数学方面具有特别强大背景的新生挑选)”可知，国际数学奥林匹克奖牌获得者可以优先参加《科学与工程展望》课程。故选B。
(C)
While more and more scientists are working on nonfiction science books for the general reader, I think we also need a change.
The typical expert-voiced monologues (独白) that scientists write are a wonderful component of the engagement effort, but the form is limited. Such books are largely ready people already willing to pick up a science book, or who are open to the authoritative academic’s voice telling them how to think. There are plenty of people who can engage with science but who find those kinds of books a sometimes unwelcome reminder of the classroom.
Following from my belief that science is for everyone, I suggest that publishers need to work with scientists to expand the kinds of books on offer, assured that there is an audience for them. Progress is possible. Many years ago, I realized it is hard to find books on the nonfiction science shelf that let readers see themselves as part of the conversation about science. So I thought about an entire book of conversations about science taking place between ordinary people. While “overhearing” those conversations, readers learn some science ideas. It’s a resurrection of the dialogue form, known to the ancient Greeks, and to Galileo, as a device for exchanging ideas, but with contemporary settings: cafes, restaurants, trains and so on.
I decided it would be engaging for the reader to actually see who’s having those conversations, and where, instead of describing them in words. This led me to realize that I was thinking about a powerful form of visual storytelling: Graphic novels for adults have matured and exploded in popularity in recent years. Spiegelman’s “Maus: A Survivor’s Tale” and Bechdel’s “Fun Home” are just two well-known examples.
But the storytelling tools of the graphic book have been little used to convey nonfiction science ideas to a general adult audience. The vast majority of contemporary graphic books with a science focus are presented instead as “explainer/adventure comics” for younger audiences. This is an important genre, but graphic books about science should not be limited to that.
And while there are several excellent graphic books for adults that include science, they typically focus instead on the lives of famous scientists, with discussion of the science itself as a secondary goal. Some excellent recent examples that balance the two aspects well include Ottaviani arid Myrick’s “Feyrunan” and Doxiadis and Papadimitriou’s “Logicomix”. The scarcity of science-focused non-biographical (非自传体的) graphic books for adults is especially true in my field of physics. So I decided that here was an opportunity to broaden the kinds of nonfiction science book available to engage the public.
58. It can be inferred from Para.2 that the expert-voiced monologues don’t appeal to _________.
A. those who are interested in scientific ideas
B. those who have no talents for scientific research
C those who would like to know how scientists think
D those who think science classes in school are uninteresting
59. The word “resurrection” (in paragraph 3) most probably means _________.
A. announcement B. comeback C. explanation D. representation
60. According to the writer, which might be the best form of nonfiction science books for general readers
A. A collection of scientists’ life stories. B. A book written by a Nobel Prize winner.
C. An adventure novel focusing on science. D. A comic book conveying scientific ideas.
61. What is passage mainly about
A. A well-known writer who writes to promote science among the public.
B. A possible way to get nonfiction science books to appeal to the public.
C. A new approach to have the public get interested in new scientific ideas.
D. An easy access for the public to have a general idea of what science is.
【答案】58. D 59. B 60. D 61. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了越来越多的科学家致力于为普通读者编写非小说类科学书籍，作者也在探索关于普通人之间的科学对话的书，好让非虚构类科学书籍也能够吸引公众。
【58题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“The typical expert-voiced monologues (独白) that scientists write are a wonderful component of the engagement effort, but the form is limited.(科学家们写的典型的专家独白是参与努力的一个很好的组成部分，但形式是有限的)”以及“There are plenty of people who can engage with science but who find those kinds of books a sometimes unwelcome reminder of the classroom.(有很多人可以参与科学，但他们发现这类书有时在课堂是不受欢迎的)”可推知，那些认为学校里的科学课没意思的人并不喜欢这些专家的独白。故选D。
【59题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第三段“Many years ago, I realized it is hard to find books on the nonfiction science shelf that let readers see themselves as part of the conversation about science. So I thought about an entire book of conversations about science taking place between ordinary people.(许多年前，我意识到，在非虚构类的科学书架上，很难找到让读者把自己视为科学对话的一部分的书。所以我想写一本关于普通人之间的科学对话的书)”以及划线词后文“dialogue form, known to the ancient Greeks, and to Galileo, as a device for exchanging ideas”可知，作者发现很难找到科学对话的书，所以想写一本关于普通人之间的科学对话的书，这是对话形式的复活，古希腊人和伽利略都知道，对话是交流思想的一种手段，故划线词意思是“恢复，复原”。故选B。
【60题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“I decided it would be engaging for the reader to actually see who’s having those conversations, and where, instead of describing them in words. This led me to realize that I was thinking about a powerful form of visual storytelling: Graphic novels for adults have matured and exploded in popularity in recent years.(我决定让读者真正看到是谁在进行这些对话，在哪里进行，而不是用文字描述。这让我意识到，我正在思考一种强大的视觉叙事形式：近年来，成人漫画小说已经成熟，并迅速流行起来)”以及倒数第二段“The vast majority of contemporary graphic books with a science focus are presented instead as “explainer/adventure comics” for younger audiences. This is an important genre, but graphic books about science should not be limited to that.(绝大多数以科学为重点的当代图画书都以“解释者/冒险漫画”的形式呈现给年轻读者。这是一种重要的类型，但有关科学的图文书籍不应局限于此)”可推知，作者认为，对于普通读者来说，传达科学思想的漫画书最好。故选D。
【61题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“While more and more scientists are working on nonfiction science books for the general reader, I think we also need a change.(当越来越多的科学家致力于为普通读者编写非小说类科学书籍时，我认为我们也需要改变)”提到当越来越多的科学家正在为普通读者研究非虚构的科学书籍时，作者认为也需要改变。到结尾：作者想要拓宽非虚构类科学书籍种类，从而吸引公众。说明作者正在探索一种可能的方式，让非虚构类科学书籍能够吸引公众。即这篇文章的主要内容是一种让非虚构类科学书籍吸引公众的可能方法。故选B。
Section C(2*4=8分)
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Why should mankind explore space Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup as human beings. What prompted our distant ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all possible areas and environments ___62___. The wider the distribution of a species, the better its chance of survival.
Exploration also allows minerals and other potential resources to be located. Additional resources are always beneficial when used wisely, and can increase our chances of survival. Knowledge or techniques acquired through exploration, or preparing to explore, filter from the developers into society at large. ___63___. Also, we have already benefited from other by-products, including improvements in earthquake prediction — which has saved many lives — in satellites used for weather forecasting and in communications systems. Even non-stick saucepans and mirrored sunglasses are by-products of technological developments in the space industry!
___64___. The chances of a large comet hitting the Earth are small, but it could happen in time. Such strikes in the past may account for the extinction of dinosaurs and other species. Human technology is reaching the point where it might be able to detect the possibility of this happening, and enable us to minimize the damage, or prevent it completely, allowing us as a species to avoid extinction.
In certain circumstances, life on Earth may become impossible: over-population or wide spread diseases, for instance, might eventually force us to find other places to live. While the earth is the only planet known to sustain life, surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to inhabit other planets and moons. It is true that the lifestyle would be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future. ___65___.
A. The techniques may have medical applications which can improve the length or quality of our lives.
B. Space allows us to expand and succeed: for the sake of everyone on the earth, now and in the future, space exploration is essential.
C. The mysterious space objects varying in size have been fascinated scientists and scholars for years.
D. It appears that we are driven to ensure the success and continuation of not just our own genes, but of the species as a whole.
E. Therefore it still poses a problem for us human beings whether to explore the space at the cost of our own homelands.
F. While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was formed or how it works, it also holds dangers.
【答案】62. D 63. A 64. F 65. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述人类探索太空的原因和必要性。
【62题详解】
根据上文“What prompted our distant ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all possible areas and environments (是什么促使我们遥远的祖先从树上迁移到平原，并继续迁移到所有可能的地区和环境？)”和下文“The wider the distribution of a species, the better its chance of survival. (一个物种的分布越广，它的生存机会就越大。)”可知设空处应是回答上文，即物种会迁移的原因，所以D选项“似乎我们被驱使着不仅要确保我们自己基因的成功和延续，还要确保整个物种的成功和延续。”起到承上启下的作用，符合题意，故选D。
【63题详解】
根据上文“Knowledge or techniques acquired through exploration, or preparing to explore, filter from the developers into society at large. (通过探索或准备探索而获得的知识或技术将从开发者那里渗透到整个社会中。)”可推断下文应是进一步说明这些知识或技术在社会中的作用，所以A项“这些技术可能在医学上有应用，可以延长我们的寿命或提高我们的生活质量。”符合题意，故选A。
【64题详解】
根据下文“The chances of a large comet hitting the Earth are small, but it could happen in time. Such strikes in the past may account for the extinction of dinosaurs and other species. (大彗星撞击地球的几率很小，但迟早会发生。过去的这种撞击可能是恐龙和其他物种灭绝的原因。)”可推断上文应是说明宇宙的运行应该存在危险，故F选项“虽然太空中可能有许多关于宇宙如何形成或如何运作的奇迹和解释，但它也存在危险。”切题，故选F。
【65题详解】
根据上文“While the earth is the only planet known to sustain life, surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to inhabit other planets and moons. It is true that the lifestyle would be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future. (虽然地球是已知的唯一能维持生命的行星，但人类的适应能力肯定能让我们在其他行星和卫星上居住。生活方式确实会有所不同，但人类的生活和文化在过去已经适应了，在未来肯定会适应。)”可知说的是探索探空的趋势和必要性，对探空探索进行总结，故B选项“太空使我们得以扩张和成功：为了地球上的每个人，现在和将来，太空探索是必不可少的。”符合语境，故选B。
V. Translation(4*5=20分)
Directions: Translate the following sentence into English, using the words given in the brackets.
66. 过去，岛民们食物短缺，靠椰汁和鱼维生，孩子们也营养不良。(汉译英)
【答案】In the past, the islanders were short of food, living on coconut juice and fish and children also suffered from malnutrition.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词、动词和短语。“过去”用介词短语In the past作状语，“岛民们”用名词the islanders作主语，“食物短缺”即“缺乏食物”用短语be short of food表示，描述过去的事情用一般过去时，“靠椰汁和鱼维生”用现在分词作状语，表示为living on coconut juice and fish，短语live on sth表示“以……为生”，“孩子们也营养不良”用and连接的并列句表示，“营养不良”表示为suffer from malnutrition，其中suffer from表示“遭受，忍受”，描述过去的事情用一般过去时，malnutrition表示“营养不良”，作介词from的宾语。故译为In the past, the islanders were short of food, living on coconut juice and fish and children also suffered from malnutrition。
67. 在经过公司的精心挑选后，这些年轻的营销人员签订合同，同意推广该公司的产品。(where) (汉译英)
【答案】After careful selection by the company, these young marketers signed contracts where they agreed to promote the company’s products.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、定语从句。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。“在经过公司的精心挑选后”可以翻译为After careful selection by the company，表示“在……之后”；“精心挑选”可译为careful selection。“这些年轻的营销人员签订合同，同意推广该公司的产品”可以翻译为these young marketers signed contracts where they agreed to promote the company’s products.，其中 contracts为先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导；agree后跟不定式作宾语。故翻译为After careful selection by the company, these young marketers signed contracts where they agreed to promote the company’s products.
68. 这座主题公园位于上海，以其独特的文化内容和完美的游客体验为特色。(feature) (汉译英)
【答案】The theme park is located in Shanghai, featuring its unique cultural content and perfect visitor experience.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词、动词、现在分词和固定搭配。根据句意可知，该句描述一般事实，应用一般现在时。表示“这座主题公园”应用名词短语the theme park；表示“位于”应用固定搭配be located in…；表示“以……为特色”应用动词feature，动词feature与其逻辑主语the theme park之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语；表示“其独特的文化内容和完美的游客体验”应用名词短语its unique cultural content and perfect visitor experience，并列的两个名词短语作宾语。故可译为The theme park is located in Shanghai, featuring its unique cultural content and perfect visitor experience.
69. 由于气候变化，当地政府决定采用一项新的政策来适应更频繁的极端天气事件。(adopt) (汉译英)
【答案】Due to climate change, the local government decided to adopt a new policy to adapt to more frequent extreme weather events.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配和时态。句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，“由于”为固定搭配due to，“气候变化”为climate change，“当地政府”为the local government，作主语，“决定做某事”为固定搭配decide to do sth.，“采取”为动词adopt，“一项新的政策”为a new policy，“适应”为固定搭配adapt to，“更频繁的”为more frequent，作定语，修饰“极端天气事件”，翻译为extreme weather events，“来适应更频繁的极端天气事件”表示目的，应用不定式作目的状语，故整句翻译为Due to climate change, the local government decided to adopt a new policy to adapt to more frequent extreme weather events.
70. 有些动物权益保护者认为，不应以残忍的方式来解决犬只伤人的问题。(address) (汉译英)
【答案】Some animal rights activists believe that the problem of dogs hurting people should not be addressed in a cruel way.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词短语、介词短语、时态和语态。根据句意可知，此处描述一般事实，应用一般现在时。表示“有些动物权益保护者”应用名词短语some animal rights activists；表示“认为”的动词可用believe；表示“犬只伤人的问题”应用名词短语the problem of dogs hurting people；表示“不应解决” should not be addressed，因为动词address与主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。表示“以残忍的方式”应用介词短语 in a cruel way。故可译为Some animal rights activists believe that the problem of dogs biting people should not be addressed in a cruel way.
VI. Guided Writing(25分)
71. Directions: Write an English composition in 120—150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学学生李明。十月以来，为提升学生体质健康水平，你们学校组织全校学生在早锻炼后，男生做30个俯卧撑（push-ups），女生做3分钟平板支撑（planks）。但有同学反映运动强度过大，身体不适。现学校委托学生会向同学们征集意见，请你向学生会写封邮件。
要求：
1. 提出问题；
2. 提出改进的建议和理由。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
Dear Student Union,
I am writing to provide some feedback on the morning exercise routine that has been implemented in our school since October. There have been some concerns regarding the intensity of exercise. Many students have reported feeling physically uncomfortable. This strenuous routine may be too demanding for some students, especially those who are not accustomed to such intense exercise.
In light of these concerns, I would like to propose some suggestions. Firstly, the school can vary the types to cater to different fitness levels. This could include alternatives to push-ups and planks such as jogging, stretching, or other less intense sports. Secondly, students can be allowed to choose their preferred sports within a given range. These modifications would not only address the physical discomfort experienced by some students but also promote a more inclusive and enjoyable exercise routine for all.
I hope these suggestions will be considered.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。题目要求学生给学生会写封邮件，反馈对学校组织的早锻炼的意见，需说明目前存在的问题，提出改进的建议，并提供支撑建议的理由。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
实施：implement→carry out
适应：be accustomed to→get used to, adapt to
鉴于：in light of→considering, in view of
选择：choose→pick, opt for
解决：address→tackle
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：There have been some concerns regarding the intensity of exercise.
拓展句：When it comes to the intensity of exercise, there have been some concerns.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I am writing to provide some feedback on the morning exercise routine that has been implemented in our school since October. (运用了that引导限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] This strenuous routine may be too demanding for some students, especially those who are not accustomed to such intense exercise. (运用了who引导限制性定语从句)
