人教版（2019）选择性必修 第三册Unit 4 Adversity and Courage Discover useful structures课件(共18张PPT)

(共18张PPT)
Discovering Useful Structures
UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE
Lead-in——Listen to an English song and try to fill in the blanks.
I __________________ with a shadow overhead
I __________________ with a cloud above my bed
I have been lonely for so long
Trapped in the past, I just can’t seem to move on
I __________________ all my hopes and dreams away
Just in case I ever need them again someday
I __________________ aside time to clear a little space in the corners of
my mind……
have been living
have been sleeping
have been hiding
have been setting
The Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Time adverbial
Contents
The structure of the present perfect continuous tense
Three usages of the present perfect continuous tense
The comparison between the present perfect continuous tense and the the present perfect tense
①Indeed, thanks to the good ideas of lots of people， many people around the world have been enjoying city centre streets without cars for many years.
②He has been fighting with a friend recently.
③I have been looking for a job for three months.
④I have been writing letters all this evening and I’ve just finished them.
⑤You haven’t been doing your homework those days.
⑥Too much has been happening today.
Observe and discover—The structure
Summarize：
（1）现在完成进行时的构成：肯定形式 ave/has been doing　（句①②③④⑥）；否定形式 　have/has not been doi （句⑤）。
（2）现在完成进行时表示动作开始于过去，并一直持续到现在，动作有可能继续进行下去，也可能 　刚刚结束 （句④）。
（3）现在完成进行时也可以 　带有某种感彩　 （句⑥）。
have/has been doing　
have/has not been doing　
刚刚结束　
带有某种感彩　
1. We have been waiting for you for half an hour.
2. The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.
3. I have been learning English since three years ago.
①现在完成进行时态表示动作还未结束，还要继续 下去。其动作是否继续下去，则由上下文而定。这个时态多用于 动词，如live, learn, lie, stay, sit, wait, stand, rest, study等。
持续
延续性
Three usages of the present perfect continuous tense（1）
动作还将继续下去
动作发生在过去，刚终止，不再继续下去。
动作发生在过去，还将继续下去。
补充
以下几类动词不能用于现在完成进行时：
表示感官、感觉：see，hear，smell 等；
表示爱憎：love，prefer，mind 等；
表示希望、意愿：wish，want，desire 等；
表示相信、猜想：believe，think，suppose 等；
非延续性动词。
1. All these days he has been writing articles to our magazine.
2. He has been promising to help you. Hasn’t he done it
3. I _______________ (take) part in races for about four years.
4. Jack _______________ (phone) Jane every night for the last week.
②表示动作并不是一直不停地进行，而是在断断续续地 。
have been taking
has been phoning
重复
Three usages of the present perfect continuous tense（2）
1. Tom has always been working hard.
2. You have been coughing a lot lately!
3. What have you been doing to my dictionary
③带有 ，使语言表达更加生动。
What kind of emotion does the writer express in these sentences
赞许
关切
不满
感彩
Three usages of the present perfect continuous tense（3）
　完成句子
　①She 　has always been working hard　 recently.
最近她工作一直很努力。
②Her eyes are red.It’s obvious that she 　has been crying　 for a long time.
她的眼睛红红的，显然她哭了很长时间。
③It 　has been snowing　 since last Sunday.
从上星期天开始就一直在下雪。
④Your clothes are covered with dust.You 　have been cleaning the classroom　 ， I think.
你的衣服满是灰尘，我想你一直在打扫教室吧。
⑤My sister 　has been learning English　 since 2016.
自从2016年以来，我姐姐一直在学英语。
has always been working hard　
has been crying　
has been snowing　
classroom　
have been cleaning the
has been learning English　
①He has been writing a novel, which will be finished next month.
②He has written a novel, which is being prepared to come out now.
③I have been visiting my hometown recently, and it impresses me differently each time.
④I have visited my hometown recently, whose changes have left a deep impression on me.
A:比较句子①②，___________________强调动作未完成 (一直)；而___________________强调动作已经结束 (已经)。
has\have been doing
has\have done
B:比较句子③④，_________________强调动作的重复，___________可以表示一次性动作。
has\have been doing
has\have done
The comparison between the present perfect continuous tense and the the present perfect tense
C: 比较句子⑤⑥，____________________表示一种感彩；_____________则陈述一种事实。
⑤Recently she has always been helping me.
⑥Recently she has helped me a lot.
has\have been doing
has\have done
D: 比较句子⑦⑧_____________________强调动作行为的结果、影响，而_______________________ 只强调动作行为本身。
⑦The repairman has been repairing the car all the afternoon.
⑧The repairman has repaired your car, and you can have it now.
has\have been doing
has\have done
　用所给词的适当形式填空
①Although many measures 　have been taken　 （take）， the world’s economy is still going down.
②You should go to bed.You 　have been watching　 （watch） TV for 5 hours.
③I 　have been cleaning　 （clean） the windows since this morning.
④Sorry， but Mr Smith 　has left　 （leave） for Beijing.
⑤The little boy is dirty from head to foot because he 　has been playing　 （play） in the mud all the morning.
⑥By the time he realises he 　has walked　 （walk） into a trap， it’ll be too late for him to do anything about it.
have been taken　
have been watching　
have been cleaning　
has left　
has been playing　
has walked　
since/by+过去时间点
before+现在时间点
for+时间段
these days
in the past few days/months/years
最近：lately recently
已经：already
到目前为止：yet, so far, up to now/till, by the time of+时间点
现在完成时常用的时间状语
现在完成进行时+表示“持续”的时间状语：
all the time, this week/month, all night/morning，several times， for…, since…
Time adverbial
Summary
现在完成进行时
结构
用法
时间状语
现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别
have/has + been + doing
1.表示动作从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在，甚至将来，强调进行的过程。
2.表示从过去到现在的一段时间反复进行的动作或存在的状态。
all the time
this week
all night
these few days
for…, since…
动作延续性/完成？
动作重复/一次性
结果/行为本身
有无感情
3.表示感彩
Read each situation and rewrite each sentence using the present perfect continuous tense.（P41）
1. The dog started to bark about two hours ago. I really hope it will stop soon.
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
2. Steve started to play rugby at the age of eight. Now he has become a professional player.
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
The dog has been barking for about two hours.
狗一直犬吠了大约两个小时。
Steve has been playing rugby since the age of eight.
史蒂夫自八岁以来一直打橄榄球。
3. Timmy is holding a table tennis bat and his short hair is damp with sweat. He looks a little tired after playing table tennis for two hours.
______________________________________________
__________________________________________
___________________________________________
4. Diane hasn't got much sleep this week. She looks terrible today.
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
5. I tried to phone you this morning. I must have tried a dozen times before I caught you here.
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
He looks a little tired because he has been playing table tennis for two hours.
他看起来有点累因为他一直打乒乓球达两个小时了。
Diane hasn't been sleeping well this week.
戴安娜这个星期一直没睡好。
I have been trying to phone you this morning.
我今天早上一直试图给你打电话。
Complete the sentences below using the correct tenses of the verbs in brackets. Then explain your reasons to your partner.
1. For the whole morning, the board of the directors _________________ (discuss) the resolution to increase wages in the coming year.
一整个早上，董事会一直在讨论来年涨工资的决议。
2. Jason's only recreation is painting. He _______________ (learn) how to paint for over five years.
贾森唯一的娱乐就是画画。他一直在学如何画画达五年多时间了。
3. Even though we lost the game, we should be proud of ourselves because we _____ (try) our best and _______ (work) as a team.
尽管我们输掉了比赛，我们应该为我们自己自豪，因为我们尽了我们的最大努力和团队进行了合作。
has been discussing
has been learning
tried
worked
4. He finally _________ (finish) the research paper under his tutor's guidance.
他终于在他的导师指导之下完成了研究论文。
5. My nephew Sam ___________________ (collect) comic books since he was five. Now he has more than two hundred of them.
我的侄子萨姆自他五岁以来一直在收集连环画。现在他有超过两百本了。
6. The company ____________________ /____________________ / _____________ (launch) an advertising campaign to promote its corporate image.
这家公司正在发起/已经发起了/发起过一个广告活动来提升公司的形象。
finished
has been collecting
is launching
has launched
launched