北京市大兴区2023-2024学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题
一、第一部分 语言运用，第一节 完形填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
With a two-year-old behind me and fliers in my hand, I knocked on another door in my neighborhood. I had volunteered to spread the 1． about some changes at the local primary school, so I was excited to see a 2． with a baby in her arm and a preschooler tightly wrapped around her leg.
Within seconds, I realized I needed to 3． my rusty Spanish to connect with this mom. That initial conversation explained the lonely, desperate look in her eyes. I wrote my phone number on the flier and told her to 4． if she ever wanted to walk to the park with the kids.
I hadn't 5． much about Maria until a month later when she called. Many walks around the neighborhood later, I 6． more details about her life that offered me some viewpoints about my own.
One day I sat at Maria9s kitchen table and shared some of my own family's 7． Her eyes got big, saying "I thought I was the only one with problems." I thought my stress was 8． , but from her viewpoint, my life seemed to be a pretty package from the outside. By 9． the details of my life, I was able to give her the same gift of viewpoints she had been giving me.
Friendship can be discovered in unexpected places, as long as we find common ground with those who 10． might seem different.
1．A． cost B． word C． classroom D． workload
2．A． babysitter B． friend C． mother D． schoolmate
3．A． speak of B． pull out C． deal with D． give up
4．A． leave B． visit C． watch D． call
5．A． thought B． doubted C． promised D． complained
6．A． predicted B． learned C． repeated D． assessed
7．A． progress B． efforts C． research D． struggles
8．A． emotional B． low C． obvious D． false
9．A． checking B． recording C． sharing D． refreshing
10．A． initially B． easily C． quietly D． consequently
【答案】1．B；2．C；3．B；4．D；5．A；6．B；7．D；8．C；9．C；10．A
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在自愿宣传学校消息的过程中，结识了一位母亲Maria。一个月后Maria给作者打了电话，两人逐渐熟悉起来，开始分享彼此生活的细节，互相给对方一些看法，以这样意想不到的方式发展出了友谊。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
1．句意：我自愿去传播当地小学有一些变化的消息，所以当我看到一位母亲怀里抱着婴儿，还有一个学龄前儿童紧紧跟在她腿边时，我很兴奋。A. cost"成本"；B. word"消息"；C. classroom"教室"；D. workload"工作量"。根据上文"fliers in my hand""spread"；以及空后"about some changes at the local primary school"可推知，手里拿着传单的作者是在传播当地小学有一些变化的消息。故选B。
2．句意：我自愿去传播当地小学有一些变化的消息，所以当我看到一位母亲怀里抱着婴儿，还有一个学龄前儿童紧紧跟在她腿边时，我很兴奋。A. babysitter"保姆"；B. friend"朋友"；C. mother"母亲"；D. schoolmate"同学"。根据下文"to connect with this mom"可知，作者遇见的是一位母亲。故选C。
3．句意：几秒钟之内，我意识到我需要拿出我生疏的西班牙语来和这位妈妈交流。A. speak of"谈论"；B. pull out"拿出"；C. deal with"处理"；D. give up"放弃"。根据空后"my rusty Spanish to connect with this mom"可推知，作者判断出这位妈妈是讲西班牙语的，自己需要拿出生疏的西班牙语来和她交流。故选B。
4．句意：我在传单上写了我的电话号码，告诉她如果她想和孩子们一起散步去公园，就给我打电话。A. leave"离开"；B. visit"拜访"；C. watch"观看"；D. call"打电话"。根据空前"I wrote my phone number on the flier"可知，作者在传单上写了电话号码，因此是让这位妈妈给自己打电话。故选D。
5．句意：直到一个月后Maria打来电话，我才想起她。A. thought"想起"；B. doubted"怀疑"；C. promised"承诺"；D. complained"抱怨"。根据上文作者偶然结识了Maria的情境；以及空后"much about Maria until a month later when she called"可推知，作者写下电话号码后应该是很快忘记这件事了，直到Maria真的打来电话，作者才想起她。故选A。
6．句意：后来，我在附近散步了很多次，对她的生活有了更多的了解，这让我对自己的生活有了一些看法。A. predicted"预测"；B. learned"了解"；C. repeated"重复"；D. assessed"评估"。根据上文"I wrote my phone number on the flier and told her to 4 if she ever wanted to walk to the park with the kids."；以及空前"Many walks around the neighborhood later"可知，作者和Maria在附近散步了很多次，因此是熟悉起来了，作者会对她的生活有了更多的了解。故选B。
7．句意：一天，我坐在Maria的餐桌旁，和她分享了我们家的一些难事。A. progress"进展"；B. efforts"努力"；C. research"研究"；D. struggles"难事"。根据下文"I thought I was the only one with problems."可知，Maria以为只有自己一个人有问题，因此作者是向她分享了自己家的一些难事。故选D。
8．句意：我认为我的压力是显而易见的，但从她的角度，我的生活从外面看似乎是一个精美的包裹。A. emotional"情绪的"；B. low"低的"；C. obvious"明显的"；D. false"假的"。根据空后"but from her viewpoint, my life seemed to be a pretty package from the outside"可知，此处有转折，Maria以为作者的生活似乎是一个精美的包裹，即很美好，但是作者以为自己的压力很明显，其他人可以看出来。故选C。
9．句意：通过分享我的生活细节，我能够给她同样的她一直以来给予我的看法上的礼物。A. checking"检查"；B. recording"记录"；C. sharing"分享"；D. refreshing"刷新"。根据上文"One day I sat at Maria's kitchen table and shared some of my own family's 7 ."可知，作者是在分享自己的生活细节。故选C。
10．句意：友谊可以在意想不到的地方被发现，只要我们与那些最初看起来不同的人找到共同点。A. initially"最初"；B. easily"容易地"；C. quietly"安静地"；D. consequently"因此"。根据上文作者偶然结识Maria，然后两人意想不到地联系上，熟悉起来，分享彼此生活的细节，互相给对方一些看法的情境；以及空后"might seem different"可推知，此处表示作者最初认为自己和Maria不同，但是相处后发现了共同点，从而有了友谊。故选A。
二、第一部分 语言运用，第二节 语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Technology has become an integral part of our lives, and its impact on education cannot 11． (ignore). While some people may be skeptical about the role of technology in education, there is no denying that it has brought about several positive changes.
One of the most significant advantages of technology in education is the ability 12． (personalize) learning. With the help of technology, educators can tailor their teaching methods to the needs and learning styles of individual students. For example, online learning platforms can provide students with personalized learning paths based on their progress and 13． (perform).
【答案】11．be ignored；12．to personalize；13．performance
【知识点】说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了技术已经成为我们生活中不可分割的一部分，它对教育的影响不容忽视，技术在教育中最显著的优势之一是助力个性化学习。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及语态，非谓语动词，名词等知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
11．句意：科技已经成为我们生活中不可或缺的一部分，它对教育的影响不容忽视。此处是谓语动词，主语its impact on education与动词ignore之间为被动关系，此句谓语动词用被动语态，由空前cannot可知设空处填be ignored。故填be ignored。
12．句意：技术在教育中最显著的优势之一是助力个性化学习。the ability to do sth固定短语，"……的能力"，不定式作后置定语，故填to personalize。
13．句意：例如，在线学习平台可以根据学生的学习进度和表现为学生提供个性化的学习路径。设空处与progress并列，作based on的宾语，设空处应用名词performance，表抽象意义，不可数，故填performance。
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Susana Vazquez-Torres is a fourth-year graduate student at the University of Washington who wants to someday invent new drugs 14． neglected diseases.
Lately, she 15． (think) a lot about snake bites: Around a hundred thousand people die each year from snake bites, according to the World Health Organization—and yet, she says, "the current therapeutics are not safe and are very expensive."
Part of the problem is 16． developing new drugs for things like snake bites has been a slow and laborious process. In the past, it might have taken years to come up with a promising compound.
【答案】14．for；15．has been thinking/has thought/thinks；16．that
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，Susana Vazquez-Torres是华盛顿大学的一名四年级研究生，她希望能开发治疗蛇咬伤等疾病的新药。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及介词，时态，表语从句等知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
14．句意：Susana Vazquez-Torres是华盛顿大学的一名四年级研究生，她希望有一天能发明治疗被忽视疾病的新药。根据句意和空格前的drugs可知，应用介词for（表示目的或功能），介词短语for neglected diseases作定语修饰前面的drugs。故填for。
15．句意：最近，她一直在思考/思考了蛇咬伤的问题:根据世界卫生组织的数据，每年大约有10万人死于蛇咬伤——然而，她说，"目前的治疗方法既不安全，又非常昂贵。"此处是谓语动词，根据句意和时间状语lately可知，该句子可以用现在完成进行时，强调她"一直在思考"；也可以用现在完成时表示她"思考了"；用一般现在时表示她"经常思考"；主语是she，谓语动词应该用单数形式。故填has been thinking/has thought/thinks。
16．句意：部分问题在于，开发治疗蛇咬伤等疾病的新药一直是一个缓慢而费力的过程。 developing new drugs for things like snake bites has been a slow and laborious process是表语从句，该从句不缺成分，意义完整，所以应该用连词that引导从句。故填that。
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Pico Island, the second largest of the volcano-born Azores, is one of the most hard-won wine regions in the world. By the 19th century, Pico's wine industry was at its peak, 17． (produce) three native white grape varietals: arinto dosAzores, verdelho and terrantez do Pico. But it wasn't long before disease and desertification 18． (destroy) most of the islands vineyards, nearly putting an end to its wine production. But some of Pico's winemakers regrouped, centering their operations around the village of Criacao Velha, 19． high-quality grapes could still be grown. 20． only around 10 percent of Pico's original vineyards have been restored (恢复)，the appellation of origin has earned some of the country's top wine honors.
【答案】17．producing；18．destroyed；19．where；20．While/Although/Though
【知识点】说明文；自然地理类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了皮科岛是火山形成的亚速尔群岛的第二大岛屿，是世界上最来之不易的葡萄酒产区之一。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及非谓语动词，时态，定语从句，状语从句等知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
17．句意：到了19世纪，皮科的葡萄酒产业达到了顶峰，生产了三种本地白葡萄品种：arinto dos Azores、verdelho和terrantez do Pico。分析句子结构可知，produce与逻辑主语Pico's wine industry构成主动关系，应用现在分词，此处作状语，故填producing。
18．句意：但不久之后，疾病和沙漠化摧毁了岛上的大部分葡萄园，几乎使其葡萄酒生产停止。此处是谓语动词，根据上文it wasn't long可知发生在过去用一般过去时，故填destroyed。
19．句意：但皮科的一些酿酒师重组了，将业务集中在克里阿奥维拉村附近，那里仍然可以种植高质量的葡萄。 high-quality grapes could still be grown是非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the village of Criacao Velha，在从句作地点状语，故用where。故填where。
20．句意：虽然只有大约10%的皮科原始葡萄园得到了修复，但它的原产地名称已经赢得了该国一些顶级葡萄酒的荣誉。 only around 10 percent of Pico's original vineyards have been restored (恢复)是让步状语从句，表示"虽然"应用while、although或though，首字母大写。故填While/Although/Though。
三、第二部分 阅读理解，第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项，并 在答题卡上将该项涂黑。(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
TikTok has many clever tips and tricks to make life a little easier. From creative advice to practical skills, there is something for everyone on the video sharing App. Many of these methods have left viewers open-mouthed at their simplicity or scratching their heads as to why they hadn9t thought of them first. But to save you some boring scrolling (滚屏), we have made a list of the best TikTok life tips in 2021. Ready to be impressed
Chop onions
Chopping onions is an emotional experience or, at least, it looks it. The vegetable can make us tear up, and salty liquid flowing down your cheeks is never a stylish look. However, a woman created a makeshift protective gear out of a hooded sweatshirt(连帽运动衫)and a pan cover. Next step, New York Fashion Week.
Clean car headlights
It is vital that your car's headlights stay in good working order so as to keep you safe. If yours are fogged up, just use a lemon and some baking soda. Many netizens have claimed that this method can save them some serious cash.
Bathe your dog
If your dog hates having a bath, why not try peanut butter While this one may seem ridiculous, one TikTok video has shown it is effective. In the clip the pet can be seen licking it off the side of the tub, as the owner cleans his fur. "I don't even know I am having a bath. All I know is peanut butter," the caption(字幕)reads.
21．What can we infer from the first TikTok life tip
A．Chopping onions can make you upset.
B．You can find the protective gear in New York.
C．The makeshift protective gear is creative.
D．It's stylish to have tears flowing down your cheeks.
22．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage
A．The tips and tricks sound easy but are difficult to apply.
B．You can use a lemon and some baking soda to bathe your dog.
C．Cleaning car headlights with a lemon and some baking soda is economical.
D．The author finds bathing a dog with the help of peanut butter ridiculous.
23．What's the authors purpose in writing this passage
A．To analyze the reasons why people like TikTok.
B．To share some clever tips and tricks found on TikTok.
C．To come up with some practical suggestions on TikTok.
D．To call on people to share more tips and tricks on TikTok.
【答案】21．C
22．C
23．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；时文广告类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，分享了抖音上的三个聪明的生活小窍门。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
21．考查推理判断。根据 Chop onions 部分中的"Chopping onions is an emotional experience or, at least, it looks it. The vegetable can make us tear up, and salty liquid flowing down your cheeks is never a stylish look. However, a woman created a makeshift protective gear out of a hooded sweatshirt (连帽运动衫) and a pan cover."切洋葱是一种情感体验，至少看起来是这样。这种蔬菜会让我们流泪，咸的液体从你的脸颊上流下来，这一点都不时尚。然而，一名妇女用连帽运动衫和锅盖制作了一件临时防护装备。可推知，从第一条TikTok生活小贴士中，我们能推断出这种临时防护装备很有创意。故选C。
22．考查细节理解。根据 Clean car headlights 部分中的"Many netizens have claimed that this method can save them some serious cash."许多网友表示，这种方法可以为他们省下一大笔钱。可知，用柠檬和小苏打清洗汽车前灯很经济。故选C。
23．考查推理判断。根据第一段"TikTok has many clever tips and tricks to make life a little easier. From creative advice to practical skills, there is something for everyone on the video sharing App. Many of these methods have left viewers open-mouthed at their simplicity or scratching their heads as why they hadn't thought of them first. But to save you some boring scrolling (滚屏), we have made a list of the best TikTok life tips in 2021. Ready to be impressed "TikTok有许多聪明的提示和技巧，让生活变得更轻松。从创意建议到实用技巧，这款视频分享应用上有适合每个人的东西。其中许多方法让观众惊叹于它们的简单，或者让他们挠头，为什么他们没有首先想到这些方法。但为了避免你无聊的滚动，我们列出了2021年最好的抖音生活小贴士。准备好被打动了吗？；以及结合文章主要分享了抖音上的三个聪明的生活小窍门。可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是分享在TikTok上找到的一些聪明的技巧和窍门。故选B。
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
About a dozen women have gathered as their instructor guides them through the moves. "Backstroke!" Jean Bailey directs from her chair, raising her arms high, as the women of Elk Ridge quickly begin arm rotations. Everyone puts in top effort.
Bailey, who is 102, has been teaching them four times a week in the hallway of the second floor for about three years. "When I get old, I'll quit," said Bailey. Some of her regulars have arthritis (关节炎) that limits their movements, but they can do the stretching exercises comfortably and benefit from them, said Bailey, who herself often uses a walker.
"After attending the class, we've gotten pretty close up there on our floor. One of us would do something for anybody. We really keep track of each other," Phyllis Black, 87, said. She lives down the hall from Bailey; if she skips them, she feels stiff. "She's a very nice neighbor, and she's a good friend also. She's very talented."
When her children were young, Bailey became a florist (花匠)—a practice she still enjoys as a hobby. She buys artificial flowers and makes bouquets (花束)for the clubhouse and some residents . Laura Stuart calls her the "queen bee". "She brings her expertise in floral arrangements and is always doing beautiful arrangements, Stuart said. "She brings that to us, and it's just a blessing that she's still here with us to even do such a complex type of floral arrangement."
At Elk Ridge, residents can participate in fitness activities like a walking club, tai chi and working out in a fitness room. But Bailey's ladies seem to prefer her class because of her warm and fun personality, and the gentleness of the stretches for people who have mobility challenges, says Sean Tran, operations director at Elk Ridge. "More than anything, her general outlook on life... is just remarkable," he said about Bailey. "She's the nicest, most thoughtful, caring person that I probably ever met. Nothing is going to stop her," Tran said. "She's going to keep going, no matter what. And others look at her and think: ' If she can do this at 102, I can do this at my age, whatever it is.'"
24．What scene does the first paragraph describe
A．A game practice. B．A dancing session.
C．A swimming training. D．A fitness class.
25．What is implied in Phyllis's words about the learners
A．They have deepened the women's friendship.
B．Some women often skip the exercise classes.
C．Old women are gifted in exercise.
D．Some attendees feel stiff after the classes.
26．What does Laura think of Bailey
A．She has a hobby of growing flowers.
B．She is expert at arranging flowers.
C．She is a good florist.
D．She sells man-made flowers to others.
27．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．Bailey organizes various activities.
B．Bailey makes her attendees stretch gently.
C．Bailey inspires other people to exercise.
D．Bailey remarks on the life of others.
【答案】24．D
25．A
26．B
27．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了102岁的Bailey组织女士们每周做健身的故事。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
24．考查推理判断。根据第一段"About a dozen women have gathered as their instructor guides them through the moves. ‘Backstroke!' Jean Bailey directs from her chair, raising her arms high, as the women of Elk Ridge quickly begin arm rotations. Everyone puts in top effort."大约有十几名妇女聚集在一起当她们的教练指导她们完成动作时。"仰式！"当麋鹿岭的妇女们迅速开始旋转手臂时，Jean Bailey从椅子上指挥，高高举起双臂。每个人都全力以赴；以及下文可知，第一段主要描述一节健身课的情景。故选D。
25．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"‘After attending the class, we've gotten pretty close up there on our floor. One of us would do something for anybody. We really keep track of each other,' Phyllis Black, 87, said.""上完课之后，我们已经离得很近了。我们中的一个会为任何人做点什么。我们真的彼此保持着联系，"87岁的菲利斯·布莱克说。可知，学习者加深了妇女之间的友谊。故选A。
26．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"She brings her expertise in floral arrangements and is always doing beautiful arrangements"她运用自己在插花方面的专业知识，总是做漂亮的插花。可知， Bailey擅长插花。故选B。
27．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"She's going to keep going, no matter what. And others look at her and think: ‘If she can do this at 102, I can do this at my age, whatever it is.'"不管怎样，她都会坚持下去。其他人看着她，心想："如果她102岁就能做到这一点，我这个年纪也能做到，不管是什么。"可推知， Bailey鼓励其他人锻炼身体。故选C。
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Supermarkets have long been suffering as one of the thinnest-margined businesses in existence and one of the least-looked-forward-to places to work or visit. For more than a decade, they have been under attack from commerce giants, blamed for making Americans fat, and accused of contributing to climate change.
Supermarkets can technically be defined as giants housing 15,000 to 60,000 different products. The revolutionary idea of a self-service grocery, where people could hunt and gather food from aisles rather than asking a clerk to fetch items from behind a counter, first came about in America. There is some debate about which was the very first, but over the years a consensus has built around King Kullen Supermarket, founded in New York in 1930.
For some 300 years, Americans had fed themselves from small stores and public markets. Shopping for food involved mud, noisy chickens, clouds of flies, nasty smells, bargaining, and getting short-changed. The supermarket imitated the Fordist factory, with its emphasis on efficiency and standardization, and reimagined it as a place to buy food. Supermarkets may not feel cutting-edge now, but they were a revolution in distribution at the time. They were such strange marvels that, on her first official state visit to the United States in 1957, Queen Elizabeth II insisted on an impromptu (即兴的)tour of a suburban-Maryland Giant Food.
The typical supermarket layout has barely changed over the past 90 years. Most stores open with flowers, fruit and vegetables at the front as a breath of freshness to arouse our appetite. Meanwhile, they keep the milk, eggs, and other daily basics all the way back so you'll travel through as much of the store as possible, and be tempted along the way.
In the early days, as the supermarket multiplied, so did our suspicion of it. We have long feared that this "revolution in distribution" uses corporate black magic on our appetite. The book The Hidden Persuaders, published in 1957, warned that supermarkets were putting women in a "hypnoidal trance (催眠恍惚状态)，" causing them to wander aisles, bumping into boxes and "picking things off shelves at random."
28．What problem have supermarkets been facing
A．They are actually on the way to shutdown.
B．They have been losing customers and profits.
C．They are forced to use e-commerce strategies.
D．They have difficulty adapting to climate change.
29．What does the passage say about the idea of a self-service grocery
A．It was put forward by King Kullen.
B．It originated in the United States.
C．It has been under constant debate.
D．It proves revolutionary even today.
30．What have people long feared about supermarkets
A．They use tricky strategies to promote their business.
B．They are going to replace the local groceries entirely.
C．They apply corporate black magic to the goods on display.
D．They take advantage of the weaknesses of women shoppers.
【答案】28．B
29．B
30．A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；日常生活类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了超市的诞生历史和现在的困境，并表达了对超市利用营销手段控制消费者购买行为的担忧。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
28．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Supermarkets have long been suffering as one of the thinnest-margined businesses in existence and one of the least-looked-forward-to places to work or visit. "超市长期以来一直是现存利润最微薄的企业之一，也是最不期待工作或拜访的地方之一。可知，超市现在正面临着失去客户和利润。故选B。
29．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"The revolutionary idea of a self-service grocery, where people could hunt and gather food from aisles rather than asking a clerk to fetch items from behind a counter, first came about in America. There is some debate about which was the very first, but over the years a consensus has built around King Kullen Supermarket, founded in New York in 1930. "自助杂货店的革命性想法最初出现在美国，人们可以在过道里寻找和收集食物，而不是让店员从柜台后面取东西。关于哪一家是第一家，有一些争论，但多年来，围绕1930年在纽约成立的King Kullen超市达成了共识。可知，自助杂货店的概念起源于美国。故选B。
30．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"In the early days, as the supermarket multiplied, so did our suspicion of it. We have long feared that this ‘revolution in distribution' uses corporate black magic on our appetite. "在早期，随着超市的成倍增长，我们对它的怀疑也在增加。长期以来，我们一直担心这场‘分销革命'会利用企业的黑魔法来影响我们的食欲。可推知，人们担心超市使用棘手的策略来推广他们的业务，从而控制消费者购买行为。故选A。
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
We often think about relationships on a scale from positive to negative. We are drawn to loving family members, caring classmates and supportive mentors. We do our best to avoid the cruel uncle, the playground bully and the jerk boss.
But the most toxic relationships aren't the purely negative ones. They be the ones that are a mix of positive and negative. We often call them frenemies, supposed friends who sometimes help you and sometimes hurt you. But ifs not just friends. It's the in-laws who volunteer to watch your kids but belittle your parenting. The manager who praises your work but denies you a promotion.
Everyone knows how relationships like that can tie your stomach into a knot. But groundbreaking research led by the psychologists Bert Uchino and Julianne Holt-Lunstad shows that ambivalent (矛盾情绪的)relationships can be damaging to your health—even more than purely negative relationships .
I had assumed that with a neighbor or a colleague, having some positive interactions was better than all negative interactions. But being cheered on by the same person who cuts you down doesn't reduce the bad feelings; it increases them. And it's not just in your head: It leaves a trace in your heart and your blood.
Even a single ambivalent interaction can cause harm. In one experiment, people gave impromptu speeches on controversial topics in front of a friend who offered feedback. The researchers had randomly assigned the friend to give ambivalent or negative comments. Receiving mixed feedback caused higher blood pressure than pure criticism. "I would have gone about the topic differently, but you9re doing fine" proved to be more distressing than "I totally disagree with everything you've said."
The evidence that ambivalent relationships can be bad for us is strong, but the reasons can be harder to read—just like the relationships themselves.
The most intuitive reason is that ambivalent relationships are unpredictable. With a clear enemy, you put up a shield when you cross paths. With a frenemy, you never know whether Dr. Jekyll or Mr. Hyde is going to show up. Feeling unsure can disrupt the body's calming system and activate a fight-or-flight response. It's unsettling to hope for a hug while also preparing for a likely quarrel.
Another factor is that unpleasant interactions are more painful in an ambivalent relationship. It's more upsetting to be let down by people you like sometimes than by people you dislike all the time. When someone stabs you in the back, it stings more if he's been friendly to your face.
31．Which of the following can be counted as a frenemy
A．Your neighbour's kid who advises you to study hard but idles away his own time.
B．Your classmate who admires your diligence at first, but doubts your intelligence later.
C．Your mother's friend who encourages you to spend more time on homework but less on smart phones.
D．Your fathers colleague who proposes you to do a moderate amount of homework while ensuring adequate sleep.
32．Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage
A．Ambivalent relationships have a permanent effect on your well-being.
B．The common cause for high blood pressure is ambivalent relationship.
C．Ambivalent interactions will be more painful if it is done consciously.
D．The negative impact of ambivalent interactions is direct and strong.
33．The underlined word "belittle" in paragraph 2 probably means____.
A．devalue B．appreciate C．respect D．abuse
34．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage
A．Some Negative Relationships Are Bad for Your Health
B．Your Most Ambivalent Relationships Are the Most Toxic
C．The Reasons for Ambivalent Relationships Are Unpredictable
D．Some Positive Relationships Are Better than All Negative Ones
【答案】31．B
32．D
33．A
34．B
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；说明文；科普类；标题选择
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项新的研究发现，该研究发现最有害的人际关系不是纯粹负面的关系，而是混合了正面和负面情绪的关系。这种关系被称为"亦敌亦友"的关系，即有时帮助你，有时伤害你的关系。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和标题归纳三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
31．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"They're the ones that are a mix of positive and negative. We often call them frenemies, supposed friends who sometimes help you and sometimes hurt you. But ifs not just friends. It's the in-laws who volunteer to watch your kids but belittle your parenting. The manager who praises your work but denies you a promotion."他们是一种混合了正面和负面情绪的关系。我们通常称他们为"亦敌亦友"，即有时帮助你，有时伤害你的关系。但不仅仅是朋友。还有那些自愿帮你照顾孩子但却轻视你育儿方法的姻亲，还有那些赞美你的工作但却不给你晋升机会的经理。可知，"亦敌亦友"的人指的是有时候帮助你，有时候伤害你的关系。"你的同学，一开始钦佩你的勤奋，但后来怀疑你的智力。"符合这一表述。故选B。
32．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的"But being cheered on by the same person who cuts you down doesn't reduce the bad feelings; it increases them. And it's not just in your head: It leaves a trace in your heart and your blood."但是，被击倒你的同一个人鼓舞并不能减少你的不良情绪；它增加了它们。它不仅存在于你的头脑中，还会在你的心脏和血液中留下痕迹；以及第五段"Even a single ambivalent interaction can cause harm. In one experiment, people gave impromptu speeches on controversial topics in front of a friend who offered feedback. The researchers had randomly assigned the friend to give ambivalent or negative comments. Receiving mixed feedback caused higher blood pressure than pure criticism. ‘I would have gone about the topic differently, but you're doing fine' proved to be more distressing than ‘I totally disagree with everything you've said.'"即使是一个矛盾的相互作用也会造成伤害。在一项实验中，人们在一位朋友面前就有争议的话题即兴演讲，这位朋友提供反馈。研究人员随机安排这位朋友给出矛盾或负面的评论。接受褒贬不一的反馈比接受纯粹的批评更容易导致高血压。比起"我完全不同意你所说的一切"，"我本来可以换个方式来讨论这个话题，但是你做得很好"被证明更令人沮丧。可推测，矛盾相互作用的负面影响是直接的，强烈的。故选D。
33．考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的"The manager who praises your work but denies you a promotion."表扬你的工作却不给你升职的经理。可知，这类人帮助你又会贬低你；以及"watch your kids"是帮助，可推测，划线单词belittle的意思和"批评"之意，故选A。
34．考查标题归纳。根据第三段"Everyone knows how relationships like that can tie your stomach into a knot. But groundbreaking research led by the psychologists Bert Uchino and Julianne Holt-Lunstad shows that ambivalent (矛盾情绪的) relationships can be damaging to your health — even more than purely negative relationships."每个人都知道这样的关系会让你的胃打个结。但由心理学家Bert Uchino和Julianne Holt-Lunstad领导的开创性研究表明，矛盾的关系可能对你的健康有害 —— 甚至比纯粹的消极关系更有害；以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述的是矛盾的关系才是最有害的。故选B。
四、第二部分 阅读理解，第二节任务型阅读(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Customer service refers to the way that companies behave towards their customers. 35． However, many a time organizations don't focus on customer relationship management, and that's what makes customers angry, which is one of the reasons why companies lose their customers. 36．
First of all, you need to realize the great value of the customers. It's they who are the boss, and ifs because of them that you get your pay checks. So do take your customers seriously.
37． You need to ask the customers the right kind of questions and think of the possible solutions which you can provide. Understand how they feel according to a particular situation, their body language, tone of voice and words they speak. Never make assumptions and think that you know what the customers want.
Making customers feel they are important is an excellent way to serve them better. 38． The best way to do that is using their first name and finding ways of praising them in a sincere way.
In addition, there are some other skills which will help you in serving your customers better. For example, once you finish solving the problem for the customers, before ending the call, always remember to ask if there is anything else you can do for them. End the call with a "thank you". If the customers are angry, let them express their anger completely. 39． Once they've finished speaking, try to calm them down by apologizing.
In a word, always remember that if the customers remain happy, you'll be in business.
A. Treat customers as individuals. B. Never interrupt or start speaking until they've finished. C. You can bring in as many new customers as you want. D. So customer service is important and you should know how to improve it. E. Finding out the needs of the customers is another important customer service tip. F. More companies are finding that their customer service should not be limited to stores. G. It's the quality of service that determines whether the customer remains with the company.
【答案】35．G；36．D；37．E；38．A；39．B
【知识点】说明文；七选五；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，就怎样专注于客户关系管理给出建议。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
35．根据空前"Customer service refers to the way that companies behave towards their customers. "客户服务是指公司对待客户的行为方式。可知，这里解释了什么是客户服务的概念，G. It's the quality of service that determines whether the customer remains with the company."服务质量决定了客户是否留在公司。"其中the quality of service与上文Customer service对应，承接上文，符合语境，故选G。
36．根据空前"However, many a time organizations don't focus on customer relationship management, and that's what makes customers angry, which is one of the reasons why companies lose their customers."然而，许多组织并不专注于客户关系管理，这就是让客户愤怒的原因，也是公司失去客户的原因之一。可知，这里主要讲处理不好客户关系，将会让公司失去客户，D. So customer service is important and you should know how to improve it."所以客户服务很重要，你应该知道如何改进它。"符合语境，故选D。
37．根据空后"You need to ask the customers the right kind of questions and think of the possible solutions which you can provide. Understand how they feel according to a particular situation, their body language, tone of voice and words they speak. Never make assumptions and think that you know what the customers want. "你需要向客户提出正确的问题，并思考你可以提供的可能解决方案。了解他们在特定情况下的感受、肢体语言、语调和所说的话。永远不要想当然地认为你知道客户想要什么。可知，这里主要讲要了解顾客的需求。E. Finding out the needs of the customers is another important customer service tip."了解客户的需求是另一个重要的客户服务技巧。"对下文有总括作用，符合语境，故选E。
38．根据空前"Making customers feel they are important is an excellent way to serve them better."让客户觉得他们很重要是更好地为他们服务的一个好方法；以及空后"The best way to do that is using their first name and finding ways of praising them in a sincere way."做到这一点的最好方法是使用他们的名字，并找到真诚的方式赞美他们。可知，这里主要讲要让顾客感到个性化服务，A. Treat customers as individuals."将客户视为个人。"符合语境，有启下作用。故选A。
39．根据空前"If the customers are angry, let them express their anger completely. "如果顾客很生气，让他们完全表达自己的愤怒。可知，这里讲要让顾客怒气发出来，B. Never interrupt or start speaking until they've finished."在他们说完之前，千万不要打断或开始说话。"符合语境，其中they与上文the customers 对应，Never interrupt 和下文 they've finished speaking对应，所以有承上启下作用。故选B。
五、第三部分 书面表达，第一节(共4小题；第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Millions of people over the age of 65 have been diagnosed with depression, and many more could be suffering. There are varied factors. Older people are much more likely to be alone, socially isolated or feel a general lack of purpose. Sometimes older people have a much more difficult time admitting mental health issues.
Early memory loss often causes depression, which can in turn make memory loss worse. A patient with early memory loss and depression really needs to be treated for the depression to slow the memory loss. A mood change also can be a sign of depression. If a previously calm person becomes increasingly bad-tempered, or a previously clean person no longer bothers to shower, that person should be judged again.
Older adults see depression as a weakness and tend to be annoyed by a diagnosis of depression. Therefore, don't tell people of an older generation that you think they may be depressed. Tell them you're worried about their health. Tell them they seem to be out of sorts, or seem tired, or unhappy. Say you just want to check with the doctor to see what，s going on. Once you've used physical symptoms to get that person to agree to a check-up, mention your fears to the doctor and allow the doctor to approach the subject of depression with the patient.
If a parent or an older loved one has been diagnosed with depression, the first thing people should do is be aware that diagnosis is not easily treated. The initial treatment may not be effective. Therefore, patients and family members should be prepared to try different ways of dealing with the depression. It's also important to encourage patients to stick with treatment—even if they start to feel better.
40．What factors might lead to older peopled depression besides early memory loss
41．Why do patients with early memory loss and depression really need to be treated
42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
43．What will you do if you notice that one beloved elderly uncle of yours is obviously depressed Why
【答案】40．Being alone, socially isolated and feeling a lack of purpose.
41．Early memory loss and depression contribute to each other. Early memory loss can cause depression, and depression can in turn worsen memory loss.
42．People diagnosed with depression can reduce their treatment once they start to feel better.
According to the passage, depression is not easily treated medically, and it's important to encourage patients to stick with treatment—even if they have started to feel better.
People diagnosed with depression can reduce their treatment once they start to feel better.
43．I will tell him that I'm worried about his health due to his physical symptoms and suggest that he go for a medical check-up, rather than telling him flatly that he might be suffering from depression, as older adults tend to see depression as a sign of weakness.
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；医疗保健类
【解析】【分析】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了如何帮助老年人应对抑郁症的问题。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而做出正确答案。
40．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Millions of people over the age of 65 have been diagnosed with depression, and many more could be suffering. There are varied factors. Older people are much more likely to be alone, socially isolated or feel a general lack of purpose."数百万65岁以上的人被诊断患有抑郁症，还有更多的人可能正在遭受痛苦。有各种各样的因素。老年人更有可能孤独、被社会孤立，或者感到普遍缺乏目标。可知，有可能孤独、被社会孤立，或者感到普遍缺乏目标都是老年人患上抑郁症的原因。故答案为Being alone, socially isolated and feeling a lack of purpose.
41．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"Early memory loss often causes depression, which can in turn make memory loss worse. A patient with early memory loss and depression really needs to be treated for the depression to slow the memory loss."早期失忆往往会导致抑郁，而抑郁又会使失忆恶化。患有早期记忆丧失和抑郁症的患者确实需要接受抑郁症治疗，以减缓记忆丧失。可知，早期记忆丧失和抑郁症患者需要接受治疗是因为早期记忆丧失和抑郁是相互促进的，早期记忆丧失会导致抑郁，而抑郁又会加重记忆丧失。故答案为Early memory loss and depression contribute to each other. /Early memory loss can cause depression, and depression can in turn worsen memory loss.
42．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"Therefore, patients and family members should be prepared to try different ways of dealing with the depression. It's also important to encourage patients to stick with treatment—even if they start to feel better."因此，患者和家属应该准备尝试不同的方法来处理抑郁症。鼓励病人坚持治疗也很重要——即使他们开始感觉好多了。可知，对于抑郁症患者而言，坚持治疗很重要，即使他们开始感觉好多了。由此可知，原句"People diagnosed with depression can reduce their treatment once they start to feel better."中"People diagnosed with depression can reduce their treatment once they start to feel better."划线部分表述错误。故答案为According to the passage, depression is not easily treated medically, and it's important to encourage patients to stick with treatment — even if they have started to feel better.
43．考查推理判断。根据第三段"Older adults see depression as a weakness and tend to be annoyed by a diagnosis of depression. Therefore, don't tell people of an older generation that you think they may be depressed. Tell them you're worried about their health. Tell them they seem to be out of sorts, or seem tired, or unhappy. Say you just want to check with the doctor to see what's going on. Once you've used physical symptoms to get that person to agree to a check-up, mention your fears to the doctor and allow the doctor to approach the subject of depression with the patient."老年人认为抑郁症是一种弱点，往往对抑郁症的诊断感到恼火。因此，不要告诉老一辈的人你认为他们可能是抑郁的。告诉他们你担心他们的健康。告诉他们他们似乎心情不好，或者看起来很累，或者不开心。说你只是想和医生确认一下发生了什么。一旦你用身体上的症状让那个人同意做检查，把你的恐惧告诉医生，让医生和病人一起讨论抑郁症的问题。可知，老年人认为抑郁症是一种弱点，因此不要告诉老人他们可能抑郁，应该告诉他们自己的担忧，并建议他们去体检。故答案为 I will tell him that I'm worried about his health due to his physical symptoms and suggest that he go for a medical check-up, rather than telling him flatly that he might be suffering from depression, as older adults tend to see depression as a sign of weakness.
六、第三部分 书面表达，第二节书面表达(20分)
44． 书面表达
假如你是红星中学学生李华，你的英国朋友Chris想在寒假去打工，但他的父母不同意,他写信寻求你的帮助,请给他写回信,给出你的建议。
注意：1.词数100左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Chris，
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】One possible version:
Dear Chris,
Sorry to hear that you want to take a part-time job during the winter vacation but your parents disagree. As a friend, I understand your situation and here are some suggestions.
First, have a talk with your parents and explain to them why you want to work. Maybe you want to earn some money, or gain some work experience, or develop new skills. Whatever your reason, make sure you express it clearly to your parents.
If your parents still disagree, offer to compromise. You could suggest working for a limited time, so that you can still spend some time with your family and do your homework.
Besides, listen to your parents' concerns and try to address them. They might be worried about your safety, your studies, or your health. You can promise to take care of yourself, keep up with your studies, and follow their rules.
I hope these suggestions are helpful. Good luck!
Yours,
Li Hua
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇英文信件，要求考生以红星中学学生李华的身份写一封回信,给出你的建议。写作背景：你的英国朋友Chris想在寒假去打工，但他的父母不同意,他写信寻求你的帮助。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：Sorry to hear that you want to take a part-time job during the winter vacation but your parents disagree. 运用了不定式作原因状语，宾语从句，转折并列句； As a friend, I understand your situation and here are some suggestions. 运用了并列句，倒装句；First, have a talk with your parents and explain to them why you want to work. 运用了祈使句，宾语从句；Whatever your reason, make sure you express it clearly to your parents.运用了让步状语从句，祈使句，宾语从句；If your parents still disagree, offer to compromise. 运用了条件状语从句；You could suggest working for a limited time, so that you can still spend some time with your family and do your homework.运用了目的状语从句；Besides, listen to your parents' concerns and try to address them. 运用了祈使句，并列句；I hope these suggestions are helpful. 运用了宾语从句。
1 / 1北京市大兴区2023-2024学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题
一、第一部分 语言运用，第一节 完形填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
With a two-year-old behind me and fliers in my hand, I knocked on another door in my neighborhood. I had volunteered to spread the 1． about some changes at the local primary school, so I was excited to see a 2． with a baby in her arm and a preschooler tightly wrapped around her leg.
Within seconds, I realized I needed to 3． my rusty Spanish to connect with this mom. That initial conversation explained the lonely, desperate look in her eyes. I wrote my phone number on the flier and told her to 4． if she ever wanted to walk to the park with the kids.
I hadn't 5． much about Maria until a month later when she called. Many walks around the neighborhood later, I 6． more details about her life that offered me some viewpoints about my own.
One day I sat at Maria9s kitchen table and shared some of my own family's 7． Her eyes got big, saying "I thought I was the only one with problems." I thought my stress was 8． , but from her viewpoint, my life seemed to be a pretty package from the outside. By 9． the details of my life, I was able to give her the same gift of viewpoints she had been giving me.
Friendship can be discovered in unexpected places, as long as we find common ground with those who 10． might seem different.
1．A． cost B． word C． classroom D． workload
2．A． babysitter B． friend C． mother D． schoolmate
3．A． speak of B． pull out C． deal with D． give up
4．A． leave B． visit C． watch D． call
5．A． thought B． doubted C． promised D． complained
6．A． predicted B． learned C． repeated D． assessed
7．A． progress B． efforts C． research D． struggles
8．A． emotional B． low C． obvious D． false
9．A． checking B． recording C． sharing D． refreshing
10．A． initially B． easily C． quietly D． consequently
二、第一部分 语言运用，第二节 语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Technology has become an integral part of our lives, and its impact on education cannot 11． (ignore). While some people may be skeptical about the role of technology in education, there is no denying that it has brought about several positive changes.
One of the most significant advantages of technology in education is the ability 12． (personalize) learning. With the help of technology, educators can tailor their teaching methods to the needs and learning styles of individual students. For example, online learning platforms can provide students with personalized learning paths based on their progress and 13． (perform).
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Susana Vazquez-Torres is a fourth-year graduate student at the University of Washington who wants to someday invent new drugs 14． neglected diseases.
Lately, she 15． (think) a lot about snake bites: Around a hundred thousand people die each year from snake bites, according to the World Health Organization—and yet, she says, "the current therapeutics are not safe and are very expensive."
Part of the problem is 16． developing new drugs for things like snake bites has been a slow and laborious process. In the past, it might have taken years to come up with a promising compound.
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Pico Island, the second largest of the volcano-born Azores, is one of the most hard-won wine regions in the world. By the 19th century, Pico's wine industry was at its peak, 17． (produce) three native white grape varietals: arinto dosAzores, verdelho and terrantez do Pico. But it wasn't long before disease and desertification 18． (destroy) most of the islands vineyards, nearly putting an end to its wine production. But some of Pico's winemakers regrouped, centering their operations around the village of Criacao Velha, 19． high-quality grapes could still be grown. 20． only around 10 percent of Pico's original vineyards have been restored (恢复)，the appellation of origin has earned some of the country's top wine honors.
三、第二部分 阅读理解，第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项，并 在答题卡上将该项涂黑。(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
TikTok has many clever tips and tricks to make life a little easier. From creative advice to practical skills, there is something for everyone on the video sharing App. Many of these methods have left viewers open-mouthed at their simplicity or scratching their heads as to why they hadn9t thought of them first. But to save you some boring scrolling (滚屏), we have made a list of the best TikTok life tips in 2021. Ready to be impressed
Chop onions
Chopping onions is an emotional experience or, at least, it looks it. The vegetable can make us tear up, and salty liquid flowing down your cheeks is never a stylish look. However, a woman created a makeshift protective gear out of a hooded sweatshirt(连帽运动衫)and a pan cover. Next step, New York Fashion Week.
Clean car headlights
It is vital that your car's headlights stay in good working order so as to keep you safe. If yours are fogged up, just use a lemon and some baking soda. Many netizens have claimed that this method can save them some serious cash.
Bathe your dog
If your dog hates having a bath, why not try peanut butter While this one may seem ridiculous, one TikTok video has shown it is effective. In the clip the pet can be seen licking it off the side of the tub, as the owner cleans his fur. "I don't even know I am having a bath. All I know is peanut butter," the caption(字幕)reads.
21．What can we infer from the first TikTok life tip
A．Chopping onions can make you upset.
B．You can find the protective gear in New York.
C．The makeshift protective gear is creative.
D．It's stylish to have tears flowing down your cheeks.
22．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage
A．The tips and tricks sound easy but are difficult to apply.
B．You can use a lemon and some baking soda to bathe your dog.
C．Cleaning car headlights with a lemon and some baking soda is economical.
D．The author finds bathing a dog with the help of peanut butter ridiculous.
23．What's the authors purpose in writing this passage
A．To analyze the reasons why people like TikTok.
B．To share some clever tips and tricks found on TikTok.
C．To come up with some practical suggestions on TikTok.
D．To call on people to share more tips and tricks on TikTok.
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
About a dozen women have gathered as their instructor guides them through the moves. "Backstroke!" Jean Bailey directs from her chair, raising her arms high, as the women of Elk Ridge quickly begin arm rotations. Everyone puts in top effort.
Bailey, who is 102, has been teaching them four times a week in the hallway of the second floor for about three years. "When I get old, I'll quit," said Bailey. Some of her regulars have arthritis (关节炎) that limits their movements, but they can do the stretching exercises comfortably and benefit from them, said Bailey, who herself often uses a walker.
"After attending the class, we've gotten pretty close up there on our floor. One of us would do something for anybody. We really keep track of each other," Phyllis Black, 87, said. She lives down the hall from Bailey; if she skips them, she feels stiff. "She's a very nice neighbor, and she's a good friend also. She's very talented."
When her children were young, Bailey became a florist (花匠)—a practice she still enjoys as a hobby. She buys artificial flowers and makes bouquets (花束)for the clubhouse and some residents . Laura Stuart calls her the "queen bee". "She brings her expertise in floral arrangements and is always doing beautiful arrangements, Stuart said. "She brings that to us, and it's just a blessing that she's still here with us to even do such a complex type of floral arrangement."
At Elk Ridge, residents can participate in fitness activities like a walking club, tai chi and working out in a fitness room. But Bailey's ladies seem to prefer her class because of her warm and fun personality, and the gentleness of the stretches for people who have mobility challenges, says Sean Tran, operations director at Elk Ridge. "More than anything, her general outlook on life... is just remarkable," he said about Bailey. "She's the nicest, most thoughtful, caring person that I probably ever met. Nothing is going to stop her," Tran said. "She's going to keep going, no matter what. And others look at her and think: ' If she can do this at 102, I can do this at my age, whatever it is.'"
24．What scene does the first paragraph describe
A．A game practice. B．A dancing session.
C．A swimming training. D．A fitness class.
25．What is implied in Phyllis's words about the learners
A．They have deepened the women's friendship.
B．Some women often skip the exercise classes.
C．Old women are gifted in exercise.
D．Some attendees feel stiff after the classes.
26．What does Laura think of Bailey
A．She has a hobby of growing flowers.
B．She is expert at arranging flowers.
C．She is a good florist.
D．She sells man-made flowers to others.
27．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．Bailey organizes various activities.
B．Bailey makes her attendees stretch gently.
C．Bailey inspires other people to exercise.
D．Bailey remarks on the life of others.
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Supermarkets have long been suffering as one of the thinnest-margined businesses in existence and one of the least-looked-forward-to places to work or visit. For more than a decade, they have been under attack from commerce giants, blamed for making Americans fat, and accused of contributing to climate change.
Supermarkets can technically be defined as giants housing 15,000 to 60,000 different products. The revolutionary idea of a self-service grocery, where people could hunt and gather food from aisles rather than asking a clerk to fetch items from behind a counter, first came about in America. There is some debate about which was the very first, but over the years a consensus has built around King Kullen Supermarket, founded in New York in 1930.
For some 300 years, Americans had fed themselves from small stores and public markets. Shopping for food involved mud, noisy chickens, clouds of flies, nasty smells, bargaining, and getting short-changed. The supermarket imitated the Fordist factory, with its emphasis on efficiency and standardization, and reimagined it as a place to buy food. Supermarkets may not feel cutting-edge now, but they were a revolution in distribution at the time. They were such strange marvels that, on her first official state visit to the United States in 1957, Queen Elizabeth II insisted on an impromptu (即兴的)tour of a suburban-Maryland Giant Food.
The typical supermarket layout has barely changed over the past 90 years. Most stores open with flowers, fruit and vegetables at the front as a breath of freshness to arouse our appetite. Meanwhile, they keep the milk, eggs, and other daily basics all the way back so you'll travel through as much of the store as possible, and be tempted along the way.
In the early days, as the supermarket multiplied, so did our suspicion of it. We have long feared that this "revolution in distribution" uses corporate black magic on our appetite. The book The Hidden Persuaders, published in 1957, warned that supermarkets were putting women in a "hypnoidal trance (催眠恍惚状态)，" causing them to wander aisles, bumping into boxes and "picking things off shelves at random."
28．What problem have supermarkets been facing
A．They are actually on the way to shutdown.
B．They have been losing customers and profits.
C．They are forced to use e-commerce strategies.
D．They have difficulty adapting to climate change.
29．What does the passage say about the idea of a self-service grocery
A．It was put forward by King Kullen.
B．It originated in the United States.
C．It has been under constant debate.
D．It proves revolutionary even today.
30．What have people long feared about supermarkets
A．They use tricky strategies to promote their business.
B．They are going to replace the local groceries entirely.
C．They apply corporate black magic to the goods on display.
D．They take advantage of the weaknesses of women shoppers.
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
We often think about relationships on a scale from positive to negative. We are drawn to loving family members, caring classmates and supportive mentors. We do our best to avoid the cruel uncle, the playground bully and the jerk boss.
But the most toxic relationships aren't the purely negative ones. They be the ones that are a mix of positive and negative. We often call them frenemies, supposed friends who sometimes help you and sometimes hurt you. But ifs not just friends. It's the in-laws who volunteer to watch your kids but belittle your parenting. The manager who praises your work but denies you a promotion.
Everyone knows how relationships like that can tie your stomach into a knot. But groundbreaking research led by the psychologists Bert Uchino and Julianne Holt-Lunstad shows that ambivalent (矛盾情绪的)relationships can be damaging to your health—even more than purely negative relationships .
I had assumed that with a neighbor or a colleague, having some positive interactions was better than all negative interactions. But being cheered on by the same person who cuts you down doesn't reduce the bad feelings; it increases them. And it's not just in your head: It leaves a trace in your heart and your blood.
Even a single ambivalent interaction can cause harm. In one experiment, people gave impromptu speeches on controversial topics in front of a friend who offered feedback. The researchers had randomly assigned the friend to give ambivalent or negative comments. Receiving mixed feedback caused higher blood pressure than pure criticism. "I would have gone about the topic differently, but you9re doing fine" proved to be more distressing than "I totally disagree with everything you've said."
The evidence that ambivalent relationships can be bad for us is strong, but the reasons can be harder to read—just like the relationships themselves.
The most intuitive reason is that ambivalent relationships are unpredictable. With a clear enemy, you put up a shield when you cross paths. With a frenemy, you never know whether Dr. Jekyll or Mr. Hyde is going to show up. Feeling unsure can disrupt the body's calming system and activate a fight-or-flight response. It's unsettling to hope for a hug while also preparing for a likely quarrel.
Another factor is that unpleasant interactions are more painful in an ambivalent relationship. It's more upsetting to be let down by people you like sometimes than by people you dislike all the time. When someone stabs you in the back, it stings more if he's been friendly to your face.
31．Which of the following can be counted as a frenemy
A．Your neighbour's kid who advises you to study hard but idles away his own time.
B．Your classmate who admires your diligence at first, but doubts your intelligence later.
C．Your mother's friend who encourages you to spend more time on homework but less on smart phones.
D．Your fathers colleague who proposes you to do a moderate amount of homework while ensuring adequate sleep.
32．Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage
A．Ambivalent relationships have a permanent effect on your well-being.
B．The common cause for high blood pressure is ambivalent relationship.
C．Ambivalent interactions will be more painful if it is done consciously.
D．The negative impact of ambivalent interactions is direct and strong.
33．The underlined word "belittle" in paragraph 2 probably means____.
A．devalue B．appreciate C．respect D．abuse
34．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage
A．Some Negative Relationships Are Bad for Your Health
B．Your Most Ambivalent Relationships Are the Most Toxic
C．The Reasons for Ambivalent Relationships Are Unpredictable
D．Some Positive Relationships Are Better than All Negative Ones
四、第二部分 阅读理解，第二节任务型阅读(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Customer service refers to the way that companies behave towards their customers. 35． However, many a time organizations don't focus on customer relationship management, and that's what makes customers angry, which is one of the reasons why companies lose their customers. 36．
First of all, you need to realize the great value of the customers. It's they who are the boss, and ifs because of them that you get your pay checks. So do take your customers seriously.
37． You need to ask the customers the right kind of questions and think of the possible solutions which you can provide. Understand how they feel according to a particular situation, their body language, tone of voice and words they speak. Never make assumptions and think that you know what the customers want.
Making customers feel they are important is an excellent way to serve them better. 38． The best way to do that is using their first name and finding ways of praising them in a sincere way.
In addition, there are some other skills which will help you in serving your customers better. For example, once you finish solving the problem for the customers, before ending the call, always remember to ask if there is anything else you can do for them. End the call with a "thank you". If the customers are angry, let them express their anger completely. 39． Once they've finished speaking, try to calm them down by apologizing.
In a word, always remember that if the customers remain happy, you'll be in business.
A. Treat customers as individuals. B. Never interrupt or start speaking until they've finished. C. You can bring in as many new customers as you want. D. So customer service is important and you should know how to improve it. E. Finding out the needs of the customers is another important customer service tip. F. More companies are finding that their customer service should not be limited to stores. G. It's the quality of service that determines whether the customer remains with the company.
五、第三部分 书面表达，第一节(共4小题；第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Millions of people over the age of 65 have been diagnosed with depression, and many more could be suffering. There are varied factors. Older people are much more likely to be alone, socially isolated or feel a general lack of purpose. Sometimes older people have a much more difficult time admitting mental health issues.
Early memory loss often causes depression, which can in turn make memory loss worse. A patient with early memory loss and depression really needs to be treated for the depression to slow the memory loss. A mood change also can be a sign of depression. If a previously calm person becomes increasingly bad-tempered, or a previously clean person no longer bothers to shower, that person should be judged again.
Older adults see depression as a weakness and tend to be annoyed by a diagnosis of depression. Therefore, don't tell people of an older generation that you think they may be depressed. Tell them you're worried about their health. Tell them they seem to be out of sorts, or seem tired, or unhappy. Say you just want to check with the doctor to see what，s going on. Once you've used physical symptoms to get that person to agree to a check-up, mention your fears to the doctor and allow the doctor to approach the subject of depression with the patient.
If a parent or an older loved one has been diagnosed with depression, the first thing people should do is be aware that diagnosis is not easily treated. The initial treatment may not be effective. Therefore, patients and family members should be prepared to try different ways of dealing with the depression. It's also important to encourage patients to stick with treatment—even if they start to feel better.
40．What factors might lead to older peopled depression besides early memory loss
41．Why do patients with early memory loss and depression really need to be treated
42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
43．What will you do if you notice that one beloved elderly uncle of yours is obviously depressed Why
六、第三部分 书面表达，第二节书面表达(20分)
44． 书面表达
假如你是红星中学学生李华，你的英国朋友Chris想在寒假去打工，但他的父母不同意,他写信寻求你的帮助,请给他写回信,给出你的建议。
注意：1.词数100左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Chris，
Yours,
Li Hua
答案解析部分
【答案】1．B；2．C；3．B；4．D；5．A；6．B；7．D；8．C；9．C；10．A
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在自愿宣传学校消息的过程中，结识了一位母亲Maria。一个月后Maria给作者打了电话，两人逐渐熟悉起来，开始分享彼此生活的细节，互相给对方一些看法，以这样意想不到的方式发展出了友谊。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
1．句意：我自愿去传播当地小学有一些变化的消息，所以当我看到一位母亲怀里抱着婴儿，还有一个学龄前儿童紧紧跟在她腿边时，我很兴奋。A. cost"成本"；B. word"消息"；C. classroom"教室"；D. workload"工作量"。根据上文"fliers in my hand""spread"；以及空后"about some changes at the local primary school"可推知，手里拿着传单的作者是在传播当地小学有一些变化的消息。故选B。
2．句意：我自愿去传播当地小学有一些变化的消息，所以当我看到一位母亲怀里抱着婴儿，还有一个学龄前儿童紧紧跟在她腿边时，我很兴奋。A. babysitter"保姆"；B. friend"朋友"；C. mother"母亲"；D. schoolmate"同学"。根据下文"to connect with this mom"可知，作者遇见的是一位母亲。故选C。
3．句意：几秒钟之内，我意识到我需要拿出我生疏的西班牙语来和这位妈妈交流。A. speak of"谈论"；B. pull out"拿出"；C. deal with"处理"；D. give up"放弃"。根据空后"my rusty Spanish to connect with this mom"可推知，作者判断出这位妈妈是讲西班牙语的，自己需要拿出生疏的西班牙语来和她交流。故选B。
4．句意：我在传单上写了我的电话号码，告诉她如果她想和孩子们一起散步去公园，就给我打电话。A. leave"离开"；B. visit"拜访"；C. watch"观看"；D. call"打电话"。根据空前"I wrote my phone number on the flier"可知，作者在传单上写了电话号码，因此是让这位妈妈给自己打电话。故选D。
5．句意：直到一个月后Maria打来电话，我才想起她。A. thought"想起"；B. doubted"怀疑"；C. promised"承诺"；D. complained"抱怨"。根据上文作者偶然结识了Maria的情境；以及空后"much about Maria until a month later when she called"可推知，作者写下电话号码后应该是很快忘记这件事了，直到Maria真的打来电话，作者才想起她。故选A。
6．句意：后来，我在附近散步了很多次，对她的生活有了更多的了解，这让我对自己的生活有了一些看法。A. predicted"预测"；B. learned"了解"；C. repeated"重复"；D. assessed"评估"。根据上文"I wrote my phone number on the flier and told her to 4 if she ever wanted to walk to the park with the kids."；以及空前"Many walks around the neighborhood later"可知，作者和Maria在附近散步了很多次，因此是熟悉起来了，作者会对她的生活有了更多的了解。故选B。
7．句意：一天，我坐在Maria的餐桌旁，和她分享了我们家的一些难事。A. progress"进展"；B. efforts"努力"；C. research"研究"；D. struggles"难事"。根据下文"I thought I was the only one with problems."可知，Maria以为只有自己一个人有问题，因此作者是向她分享了自己家的一些难事。故选D。
8．句意：我认为我的压力是显而易见的，但从她的角度，我的生活从外面看似乎是一个精美的包裹。A. emotional"情绪的"；B. low"低的"；C. obvious"明显的"；D. false"假的"。根据空后"but from her viewpoint, my life seemed to be a pretty package from the outside"可知，此处有转折，Maria以为作者的生活似乎是一个精美的包裹，即很美好，但是作者以为自己的压力很明显，其他人可以看出来。故选C。
9．句意：通过分享我的生活细节，我能够给她同样的她一直以来给予我的看法上的礼物。A. checking"检查"；B. recording"记录"；C. sharing"分享"；D. refreshing"刷新"。根据上文"One day I sat at Maria's kitchen table and shared some of my own family's 7 ."可知，作者是在分享自己的生活细节。故选C。
10．句意：友谊可以在意想不到的地方被发现，只要我们与那些最初看起来不同的人找到共同点。A. initially"最初"；B. easily"容易地"；C. quietly"安静地"；D. consequently"因此"。根据上文作者偶然结识Maria，然后两人意想不到地联系上，熟悉起来，分享彼此生活的细节，互相给对方一些看法的情境；以及空后"might seem different"可推知，此处表示作者最初认为自己和Maria不同，但是相处后发现了共同点，从而有了友谊。故选A。
【答案】11．be ignored；12．to personalize；13．performance
【知识点】说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了技术已经成为我们生活中不可分割的一部分，它对教育的影响不容忽视，技术在教育中最显著的优势之一是助力个性化学习。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及语态，非谓语动词，名词等知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
11．句意：科技已经成为我们生活中不可或缺的一部分，它对教育的影响不容忽视。此处是谓语动词，主语its impact on education与动词ignore之间为被动关系，此句谓语动词用被动语态，由空前cannot可知设空处填be ignored。故填be ignored。
12．句意：技术在教育中最显著的优势之一是助力个性化学习。the ability to do sth固定短语，"……的能力"，不定式作后置定语，故填to personalize。
13．句意：例如，在线学习平台可以根据学生的学习进度和表现为学生提供个性化的学习路径。设空处与progress并列，作based on的宾语，设空处应用名词performance，表抽象意义，不可数，故填performance。
【答案】14．for；15．has been thinking/has thought/thinks；16．that
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，Susana Vazquez-Torres是华盛顿大学的一名四年级研究生，她希望能开发治疗蛇咬伤等疾病的新药。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及介词，时态，表语从句等知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
14．句意：Susana Vazquez-Torres是华盛顿大学的一名四年级研究生，她希望有一天能发明治疗被忽视疾病的新药。根据句意和空格前的drugs可知，应用介词for（表示目的或功能），介词短语for neglected diseases作定语修饰前面的drugs。故填for。
15．句意：最近，她一直在思考/思考了蛇咬伤的问题:根据世界卫生组织的数据，每年大约有10万人死于蛇咬伤——然而，她说，"目前的治疗方法既不安全，又非常昂贵。"此处是谓语动词，根据句意和时间状语lately可知，该句子可以用现在完成进行时，强调她"一直在思考"；也可以用现在完成时表示她"思考了"；用一般现在时表示她"经常思考"；主语是she，谓语动词应该用单数形式。故填has been thinking/has thought/thinks。
16．句意：部分问题在于，开发治疗蛇咬伤等疾病的新药一直是一个缓慢而费力的过程。 developing new drugs for things like snake bites has been a slow and laborious process是表语从句，该从句不缺成分，意义完整，所以应该用连词that引导从句。故填that。
【答案】17．producing；18．destroyed；19．where；20．While/Although/Though
【知识点】说明文；自然地理类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了皮科岛是火山形成的亚速尔群岛的第二大岛屿，是世界上最来之不易的葡萄酒产区之一。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及非谓语动词，时态，定语从句，状语从句等知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
17．句意：到了19世纪，皮科的葡萄酒产业达到了顶峰，生产了三种本地白葡萄品种：arinto dos Azores、verdelho和terrantez do Pico。分析句子结构可知，produce与逻辑主语Pico's wine industry构成主动关系，应用现在分词，此处作状语，故填producing。
18．句意：但不久之后，疾病和沙漠化摧毁了岛上的大部分葡萄园，几乎使其葡萄酒生产停止。此处是谓语动词，根据上文it wasn't long可知发生在过去用一般过去时，故填destroyed。
19．句意：但皮科的一些酿酒师重组了，将业务集中在克里阿奥维拉村附近，那里仍然可以种植高质量的葡萄。 high-quality grapes could still be grown是非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the village of Criacao Velha，在从句作地点状语，故用where。故填where。
20．句意：虽然只有大约10%的皮科原始葡萄园得到了修复，但它的原产地名称已经赢得了该国一些顶级葡萄酒的荣誉。 only around 10 percent of Pico's original vineyards have been restored (恢复)是让步状语从句，表示"虽然"应用while、although或though，首字母大写。故填While/Although/Though。
【答案】21．C
22．C
23．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；时文广告类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，分享了抖音上的三个聪明的生活小窍门。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
21．考查推理判断。根据 Chop onions 部分中的"Chopping onions is an emotional experience or, at least, it looks it. The vegetable can make us tear up, and salty liquid flowing down your cheeks is never a stylish look. However, a woman created a makeshift protective gear out of a hooded sweatshirt (连帽运动衫) and a pan cover."切洋葱是一种情感体验，至少看起来是这样。这种蔬菜会让我们流泪，咸的液体从你的脸颊上流下来，这一点都不时尚。然而，一名妇女用连帽运动衫和锅盖制作了一件临时防护装备。可推知，从第一条TikTok生活小贴士中，我们能推断出这种临时防护装备很有创意。故选C。
22．考查细节理解。根据 Clean car headlights 部分中的"Many netizens have claimed that this method can save them some serious cash."许多网友表示，这种方法可以为他们省下一大笔钱。可知，用柠檬和小苏打清洗汽车前灯很经济。故选C。
23．考查推理判断。根据第一段"TikTok has many clever tips and tricks to make life a little easier. From creative advice to practical skills, there is something for everyone on the video sharing App. Many of these methods have left viewers open-mouthed at their simplicity or scratching their heads as why they hadn't thought of them first. But to save you some boring scrolling (滚屏), we have made a list of the best TikTok life tips in 2021. Ready to be impressed "TikTok有许多聪明的提示和技巧，让生活变得更轻松。从创意建议到实用技巧，这款视频分享应用上有适合每个人的东西。其中许多方法让观众惊叹于它们的简单，或者让他们挠头，为什么他们没有首先想到这些方法。但为了避免你无聊的滚动，我们列出了2021年最好的抖音生活小贴士。准备好被打动了吗？；以及结合文章主要分享了抖音上的三个聪明的生活小窍门。可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是分享在TikTok上找到的一些聪明的技巧和窍门。故选B。
【答案】24．D
25．A
26．B
27．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了102岁的Bailey组织女士们每周做健身的故事。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
24．考查推理判断。根据第一段"About a dozen women have gathered as their instructor guides them through the moves. ‘Backstroke!' Jean Bailey directs from her chair, raising her arms high, as the women of Elk Ridge quickly begin arm rotations. Everyone puts in top effort."大约有十几名妇女聚集在一起当她们的教练指导她们完成动作时。"仰式！"当麋鹿岭的妇女们迅速开始旋转手臂时，Jean Bailey从椅子上指挥，高高举起双臂。每个人都全力以赴；以及下文可知，第一段主要描述一节健身课的情景。故选D。
25．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"‘After attending the class, we've gotten pretty close up there on our floor. One of us would do something for anybody. We really keep track of each other,' Phyllis Black, 87, said.""上完课之后，我们已经离得很近了。我们中的一个会为任何人做点什么。我们真的彼此保持着联系，"87岁的菲利斯·布莱克说。可知，学习者加深了妇女之间的友谊。故选A。
26．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"She brings her expertise in floral arrangements and is always doing beautiful arrangements"她运用自己在插花方面的专业知识，总是做漂亮的插花。可知， Bailey擅长插花。故选B。
27．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"She's going to keep going, no matter what. And others look at her and think: ‘If she can do this at 102, I can do this at my age, whatever it is.'"不管怎样，她都会坚持下去。其他人看着她，心想："如果她102岁就能做到这一点，我这个年纪也能做到，不管是什么。"可推知， Bailey鼓励其他人锻炼身体。故选C。
【答案】28．B
29．B
30．A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；日常生活类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了超市的诞生历史和现在的困境，并表达了对超市利用营销手段控制消费者购买行为的担忧。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
28．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Supermarkets have long been suffering as one of the thinnest-margined businesses in existence and one of the least-looked-forward-to places to work or visit. "超市长期以来一直是现存利润最微薄的企业之一，也是最不期待工作或拜访的地方之一。可知，超市现在正面临着失去客户和利润。故选B。
29．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"The revolutionary idea of a self-service grocery, where people could hunt and gather food from aisles rather than asking a clerk to fetch items from behind a counter, first came about in America. There is some debate about which was the very first, but over the years a consensus has built around King Kullen Supermarket, founded in New York in 1930. "自助杂货店的革命性想法最初出现在美国，人们可以在过道里寻找和收集食物，而不是让店员从柜台后面取东西。关于哪一家是第一家，有一些争论，但多年来，围绕1930年在纽约成立的King Kullen超市达成了共识。可知，自助杂货店的概念起源于美国。故选B。
30．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"In the early days, as the supermarket multiplied, so did our suspicion of it. We have long feared that this ‘revolution in distribution' uses corporate black magic on our appetite. "在早期，随着超市的成倍增长，我们对它的怀疑也在增加。长期以来，我们一直担心这场‘分销革命'会利用企业的黑魔法来影响我们的食欲。可推知，人们担心超市使用棘手的策略来推广他们的业务，从而控制消费者购买行为。故选A。
【答案】31．B
32．D
33．A
34．B
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；说明文；科普类；标题选择
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项新的研究发现，该研究发现最有害的人际关系不是纯粹负面的关系，而是混合了正面和负面情绪的关系。这种关系被称为"亦敌亦友"的关系，即有时帮助你，有时伤害你的关系。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和标题归纳三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
31．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"They're the ones that are a mix of positive and negative. We often call them frenemies, supposed friends who sometimes help you and sometimes hurt you. But ifs not just friends. It's the in-laws who volunteer to watch your kids but belittle your parenting. The manager who praises your work but denies you a promotion."他们是一种混合了正面和负面情绪的关系。我们通常称他们为"亦敌亦友"，即有时帮助你，有时伤害你的关系。但不仅仅是朋友。还有那些自愿帮你照顾孩子但却轻视你育儿方法的姻亲，还有那些赞美你的工作但却不给你晋升机会的经理。可知，"亦敌亦友"的人指的是有时候帮助你，有时候伤害你的关系。"你的同学，一开始钦佩你的勤奋，但后来怀疑你的智力。"符合这一表述。故选B。
32．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的"But being cheered on by the same person who cuts you down doesn't reduce the bad feelings; it increases them. And it's not just in your head: It leaves a trace in your heart and your blood."但是，被击倒你的同一个人鼓舞并不能减少你的不良情绪；它增加了它们。它不仅存在于你的头脑中，还会在你的心脏和血液中留下痕迹；以及第五段"Even a single ambivalent interaction can cause harm. In one experiment, people gave impromptu speeches on controversial topics in front of a friend who offered feedback. The researchers had randomly assigned the friend to give ambivalent or negative comments. Receiving mixed feedback caused higher blood pressure than pure criticism. ‘I would have gone about the topic differently, but you're doing fine' proved to be more distressing than ‘I totally disagree with everything you've said.'"即使是一个矛盾的相互作用也会造成伤害。在一项实验中，人们在一位朋友面前就有争议的话题即兴演讲，这位朋友提供反馈。研究人员随机安排这位朋友给出矛盾或负面的评论。接受褒贬不一的反馈比接受纯粹的批评更容易导致高血压。比起"我完全不同意你所说的一切"，"我本来可以换个方式来讨论这个话题，但是你做得很好"被证明更令人沮丧。可推测，矛盾相互作用的负面影响是直接的，强烈的。故选D。
33．考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的"The manager who praises your work but denies you a promotion."表扬你的工作却不给你升职的经理。可知，这类人帮助你又会贬低你；以及"watch your kids"是帮助，可推测，划线单词belittle的意思和"批评"之意，故选A。
34．考查标题归纳。根据第三段"Everyone knows how relationships like that can tie your stomach into a knot. But groundbreaking research led by the psychologists Bert Uchino and Julianne Holt-Lunstad shows that ambivalent (矛盾情绪的) relationships can be damaging to your health — even more than purely negative relationships."每个人都知道这样的关系会让你的胃打个结。但由心理学家Bert Uchino和Julianne Holt-Lunstad领导的开创性研究表明，矛盾的关系可能对你的健康有害 —— 甚至比纯粹的消极关系更有害；以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述的是矛盾的关系才是最有害的。故选B。
【答案】35．G；36．D；37．E；38．A；39．B
【知识点】说明文；七选五；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，就怎样专注于客户关系管理给出建议。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
35．根据空前"Customer service refers to the way that companies behave towards their customers. "客户服务是指公司对待客户的行为方式。可知，这里解释了什么是客户服务的概念，G. It's the quality of service that determines whether the customer remains with the company."服务质量决定了客户是否留在公司。"其中the quality of service与上文Customer service对应，承接上文，符合语境，故选G。
36．根据空前"However, many a time organizations don't focus on customer relationship management, and that's what makes customers angry, which is one of the reasons why companies lose their customers."然而，许多组织并不专注于客户关系管理，这就是让客户愤怒的原因，也是公司失去客户的原因之一。可知，这里主要讲处理不好客户关系，将会让公司失去客户，D. So customer service is important and you should know how to improve it."所以客户服务很重要，你应该知道如何改进它。"符合语境，故选D。
37．根据空后"You need to ask the customers the right kind of questions and think of the possible solutions which you can provide. Understand how they feel according to a particular situation, their body language, tone of voice and words they speak. Never make assumptions and think that you know what the customers want. "你需要向客户提出正确的问题，并思考你可以提供的可能解决方案。了解他们在特定情况下的感受、肢体语言、语调和所说的话。永远不要想当然地认为你知道客户想要什么。可知，这里主要讲要了解顾客的需求。E. Finding out the needs of the customers is another important customer service tip."了解客户的需求是另一个重要的客户服务技巧。"对下文有总括作用，符合语境，故选E。
38．根据空前"Making customers feel they are important is an excellent way to serve them better."让客户觉得他们很重要是更好地为他们服务的一个好方法；以及空后"The best way to do that is using their first name and finding ways of praising them in a sincere way."做到这一点的最好方法是使用他们的名字，并找到真诚的方式赞美他们。可知，这里主要讲要让顾客感到个性化服务，A. Treat customers as individuals."将客户视为个人。"符合语境，有启下作用。故选A。
39．根据空前"If the customers are angry, let them express their anger completely. "如果顾客很生气，让他们完全表达自己的愤怒。可知，这里讲要让顾客怒气发出来，B. Never interrupt or start speaking until they've finished."在他们说完之前，千万不要打断或开始说话。"符合语境，其中they与上文the customers 对应，Never interrupt 和下文 they've finished speaking对应，所以有承上启下作用。故选B。
【答案】40．Being alone, socially isolated and feeling a lack of purpose.
41．Early memory loss and depression contribute to each other. Early memory loss can cause depression, and depression can in turn worsen memory loss.
42．People diagnosed with depression can reduce their treatment once they start to feel better.
According to the passage, depression is not easily treated medically, and it's important to encourage patients to stick with treatment—even if they have started to feel better.
People diagnosed with depression can reduce their treatment once they start to feel better.
43．I will tell him that I'm worried about his health due to his physical symptoms and suggest that he go for a medical check-up, rather than telling him flatly that he might be suffering from depression, as older adults tend to see depression as a sign of weakness.
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；医疗保健类
【解析】【分析】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了如何帮助老年人应对抑郁症的问题。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而做出正确答案。
40．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Millions of people over the age of 65 have been diagnosed with depression, and many more could be suffering. There are varied factors. Older people are much more likely to be alone, socially isolated or feel a general lack of purpose."数百万65岁以上的人被诊断患有抑郁症，还有更多的人可能正在遭受痛苦。有各种各样的因素。老年人更有可能孤独、被社会孤立，或者感到普遍缺乏目标。可知，有可能孤独、被社会孤立，或者感到普遍缺乏目标都是老年人患上抑郁症的原因。故答案为Being alone, socially isolated and feeling a lack of purpose.
41．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"Early memory loss often causes depression, which can in turn make memory loss worse. A patient with early memory loss and depression really needs to be treated for the depression to slow the memory loss."早期失忆往往会导致抑郁，而抑郁又会使失忆恶化。患有早期记忆丧失和抑郁症的患者确实需要接受抑郁症治疗，以减缓记忆丧失。可知，早期记忆丧失和抑郁症患者需要接受治疗是因为早期记忆丧失和抑郁是相互促进的，早期记忆丧失会导致抑郁，而抑郁又会加重记忆丧失。故答案为Early memory loss and depression contribute to each other. /Early memory loss can cause depression, and depression can in turn worsen memory loss.
42．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"Therefore, patients and family members should be prepared to try different ways of dealing with the depression. It's also important to encourage patients to stick with treatment—even if they start to feel better."因此，患者和家属应该准备尝试不同的方法来处理抑郁症。鼓励病人坚持治疗也很重要——即使他们开始感觉好多了。可知，对于抑郁症患者而言，坚持治疗很重要，即使他们开始感觉好多了。由此可知，原句"People diagnosed with depression can reduce their treatment once they start to feel better."中"People diagnosed with depression can reduce their treatment once they start to feel better."划线部分表述错误。故答案为According to the passage, depression is not easily treated medically, and it's important to encourage patients to stick with treatment — even if they have started to feel better.
43．考查推理判断。根据第三段"Older adults see depression as a weakness and tend to be annoyed by a diagnosis of depression. Therefore, don't tell people of an older generation that you think they may be depressed. Tell them you're worried about their health. Tell them they seem to be out of sorts, or seem tired, or unhappy. Say you just want to check with the doctor to see what's going on. Once you've used physical symptoms to get that person to agree to a check-up, mention your fears to the doctor and allow the doctor to approach the subject of depression with the patient."老年人认为抑郁症是一种弱点，往往对抑郁症的诊断感到恼火。因此，不要告诉老一辈的人你认为他们可能是抑郁的。告诉他们你担心他们的健康。告诉他们他们似乎心情不好，或者看起来很累，或者不开心。说你只是想和医生确认一下发生了什么。一旦你用身体上的症状让那个人同意做检查，把你的恐惧告诉医生，让医生和病人一起讨论抑郁症的问题。可知，老年人认为抑郁症是一种弱点，因此不要告诉老人他们可能抑郁，应该告诉他们自己的担忧，并建议他们去体检。故答案为 I will tell him that I'm worried about his health due to his physical symptoms and suggest that he go for a medical check-up, rather than telling him flatly that he might be suffering from depression, as older adults tend to see depression as a sign of weakness.
44．【答案】One possible version:
Dear Chris,
Sorry to hear that you want to take a part-time job during the winter vacation but your parents disagree. As a friend, I understand your situation and here are some suggestions.
First, have a talk with your parents and explain to them why you want to work. Maybe you want to earn some money, or gain some work experience, or develop new skills. Whatever your reason, make sure you express it clearly to your parents.
If your parents still disagree, offer to compromise. You could suggest working for a limited time, so that you can still spend some time with your family and do your homework.
Besides, listen to your parents' concerns and try to address them. They might be worried about your safety, your studies, or your health. You can promise to take care of yourself, keep up with your studies, and follow their rules.
I hope these suggestions are helpful. Good luck!
Yours,
Li Hua
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇英文信件，要求考生以红星中学学生李华的身份写一封回信,给出你的建议。写作背景：你的英国朋友Chris想在寒假去打工，但他的父母不同意,他写信寻求你的帮助。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：Sorry to hear that you want to take a part-time job during the winter vacation but your parents disagree. 运用了不定式作原因状语，宾语从句，转折并列句； As a friend, I understand your situation and here are some suggestions. 运用了并列句，倒装句；First, have a talk with your parents and explain to them why you want to work. 运用了祈使句，宾语从句；Whatever your reason, make sure you express it clearly to your parents.运用了让步状语从句，祈使句，宾语从句；If your parents still disagree, offer to compromise. 运用了条件状语从句；You could suggest working for a limited time, so that you can still spend some time with your family and do your homework.运用了目的状语从句；Besides, listen to your parents' concerns and try to address them. 运用了祈使句，并列句；I hope these suggestions are helpful. 运用了宾语从句。
1 / 1
