北京市朝阳区2023 ~2024学年度第一学期期末质量检测
高一英语
(考试时间100分钟 满分100分)
本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分 知识运用(共三节，30分)
第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
On a winter afternoon, a friend and I were throwing stones onto the roof of an old lady’s house. We aimed to see how the stones ___1___ to falling stars as they rolled off the roof and shot into the yard. I found a perfectly smooth rock. It was too smooth, however, so it slipped (滑落) from my hand as I threw it and it ___2___for a small window of the house.
Hearing the sound of breaking glass, I knew I was ___3___. I was too scared about getting caught that night to be ___4___ about the old lady with the broken window in such a cold winter. However, a few days later, I started to feel sorry for her___5___. She still greeted me each day with a smile.
I made up my mind that I would save my paper delivery money to make up for what I did. Finally, I made it. I put the money in an envelope with a note explaining that I was sorry for breaking her window and hoped that the seven dollars would be enough to ___6___ the cost.
I waited until it was dark. I went up to her house ___7___ and put the letter I didn’t sign in her door in secret. At that moment, I felt that I could have the ___8___, once again, to look into the old lady’s kind eyes.
The next day, I handed her the paper and was able to ___9___ her warm smile. She thanked me and gave me a bag of cookies.
After several cookies, I felt an envelope. When I opened it, I was ____10____ to see the seven dollars and a short note that said, “I’m proud of you.”
1.
A. ran B. jumped C. changed D. added
2.
A. waited B. headed C. looked D. called
3.
A. in trouble B. in tears C. in relief D. in danger
4.
A. nervous B. careful C. serious D. concerned
5.
A. challenge B. suffering C. pressure D. sadness
6.
A. cover B. cut C. raise D. count
7.
A. humbly B. painfully C. quietly D. proudly
8.
A. patience B. desire C. courage D. inspiration
9.
A. record B. return C. reward D. realize
10.
A. eager B. excited C. stressed D. surprised
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. C 9. B 10. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者不小心打破了一位老妇人的窗户，作者感到很内疚，于是给老妇人送了一封匿名信，信里作者表达了自己的歉意，且有作者省下来的七美元，用来支付打破窗户的费用。但是第二天当作者给老妇人送报纸时，老妇人给了作者一袋子饼干，作者发现里面有一封信，信封里有七美元和一张写着“我问你感到骄傲”的便条，原来老妇人早就知道是作者打破了窗户。
1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们目的是看看当石头从屋顶滚落并射入院子时，它们是如何变成流星的。A. ran跑步；B. jumped跳；C. changed变化；D. added加上。由下文“to falling stars as they rolled off the roof and shot into the yard.”可知，作者和朋友扔石头的目的是想看当石头从屋顶滚落并落入到院子时，它们是如何变成流星的。故选C。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而它太光滑了，所以当我扔它时它从我的手中滑落，它飞向了房子的一扇小窗户。A. waited等待；B. headed前往；C. looked看；D. called打电话。head for固定搭配，意为“前往；朝……移动/前进”，由下文“for a small window of the house.”可知，石头朝房子的已删窗户那飞去了。故选B。
【3题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：听到玻璃破碎的声音，我知道我遇到麻烦了。A. in trouble有麻烦；B. in tears流泪的；C. in relief如释重负；D. in danger处于危险中。由上文“Hearing the sound of breaking glass”和下文“I was too scared about getting caught that night”可知，作者打破了别人家的窗户，怕自己被捉到，所以说作者知道自己遇到麻烦了。故选A。
【4题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上我害怕被抓了，根本没有去关心那个在这么冷的冬天窗户破了的老太太。A. nervous紧张的；B. careful仔细的；C. serious严肃的；D. concerned关心的。由上文“I was too scared about getting caught that night to be”和下文“about the old lady with the broken window in such a cold winter.”可知，作者当时太害怕了，根本没有关心这么冷的天，这位老太太会如何度过，be concerned about固定搭配，意为“关心”。故选D。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，几天后，我开始为她的痛苦感到难过。A. challenge挑战；B. suffering痛苦；C. pressure压力；D. sadness伤心。由上文“the old lady with the broken window in such a cold winter.”可知，作者打破了老太太的窗户，这么冷的天，老太太肯定会受冻，由此可知，作者开始为她老太太在这么冷的天受苦而感到难过。故选B。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我把钱装进一个信封，并附上一张纸条，解释说我很抱歉打破了她的窗户，并希望这七美元足以支付费用。A. cover支付；B. cut切；C. raise提高；D. count数数。由上文“the seven dollars would be enough to”和下文“the cost”可知，作者将七美元给老太太，希望能支付自己打破窗户的费用。故选A。
【7题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我悄悄走到她家，把那封我没有署名的信偷偷地放在她家门口。A. humbly谦虚地；B. painfully痛苦地；C. quietly悄悄地；D. proudly骄傲地。由上文“I waited until it was dark”和下文“put the letter I didn’t sign in her door in secret”可知，作者等到天黑时悄悄地来到她家，把信悄悄地放在门口。故选C。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那一刻，我觉得我可以再一次有勇气看向老太太慈祥的眼睛。A. patience耐心；B. desire渴望；C. courage勇气；D. inspiration灵感。根据上文“I put the money in an envelope with a note explaining that I was sorry for breaking her window and hoped that the seven dollars would be enough to ____6____the cost.”和“I went up to her house ____7____ and put the letter I didn’t sign in her door in secret.”可知，作者之前感到愧疚，但是现在作者为自己所做的错事进行了补偿，所以觉得自己再一次有勇气看向老太太慈祥的眼睛。故选C。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天，我把报纸递给她，并能回报她温暖的微笑。A. record记录；B. return回报；C. reward酬谢；D. realize意识到。由下文“She thanked me and gave me a bag of cookies.”可知，当作者给老太太报纸时，她感谢了作者，对作者回以微笑。故选B。
【10题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我打开它时，我惊讶地看到了七美元和一张简短的纸条，上面写着“我为你感到骄傲”。A. eager渴望的；B. excited兴奋的；C. stressed有压力的；D. surprised惊讶的。由下文“to see the seven dollars and a short note that said, “I’m proud of you.””和上文提到作者偷偷地将匿名信和钱给了老太太可知，这封信表明老太太早就知道是作者打破了窗户，所以作者感到很惊讶。故选D。
第二节 选词填空(共10小题，每小题1分，共10分)
阅读下面句子，根据句意，从方框中选择恰当的单词或词组，并使用其正确形式填空。
due to be addicted to live up to rather than make an effort take advantage of represent have an impact on enable deal with
11. The red lines on the map ______ railways.
12. This money would _____ me to open my own business.
13. The smoke in the air was ______a wildfire in the nearby forest.
14. You should ______ the hotel’s gym and pool while you’re there.
15. One’s general knowledge about health ______ their lifestyle choices.
16. Tim ______ coffee and can’t do anything in the morning until he’s had some.
17. The girl has failed to ______ the problem of homesickness while traveling abroad.
18. After losing the game, he ______ to hide his disappointment ,but we all saw it in his face.
19. We’ve heard lots of good news about the restaurant and its food ______ our expectation too.
20. ______ driving around all day looking for places to park, why don’t you take a bus into town
【答案】11. represent
12. enable 13. due to
14. take advantage of
15. has an impact on
16. is addicted to
17. deal with
18. made an effort
19. lives up to
20. Rather than
【解析】
【11题详解】
考查动词和时态。句意：地图上的红线代表铁路。根据句意可知，此处为动词represent“代表”，满足句意要求，结合句意可知，此处应为一般现在时，主语The red lines为复数名词，所以为动词复数形式。故填represent。
【12题详解】
考查动词。句意：这笔钱可以让我开自己的公司。根据句意可知，此处为动词enable“使能够”，构成动词短语enable sb to do sth“使某人能够做某事”，满足句意要求，结合空前would可知，为动词原形。故填enable。
【13题详解】
考查介词短语。句意：空气中的烟雾是由附近森林的野火引起的。根据句意可知，此处为介词短语due to“归因于，由于”，满足句意要求。故填due to。
【14题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：你应该好好利用酒店的健身房和游泳池。根据句意可知，此处为动词短语take advantage of“利用”，满足句意要求，结合空前should情态动词可知，为动词原形。故填take advantage of。
【15题详解】
考查动词短语和时态。句意：一个人的健康常识对他们的生活方式选择有影响。根据句意可知，此处为动词短语have an impact on“对……有影响”，满足句意要求，结合句意可知，该句为陈述客观事实，为一般现在时，主语One’s general knowledge为不可数名词，所以为动词三单形式。故填has an impact on。
【16题详解】
考查动词短语和时态。句意：蒂姆对咖啡上瘾，早上不喝点咖啡就做不了任何事。根据句意可知，此处为动词短语be addicted to“沉迷于”，满足句意要求，结合and连接的can’t do可知，此处应为一般现在时。故填is addicted to。
【17题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：这个女孩在国外旅行时没能处理好思乡的问题。根据句意可知，此处为动词短语deal with“解决，处理”，满足句意要求，结合空前to不定式可知，为动词原形。故填deal with。
【18题详解】
考查动词短语和时态。句意：输了比赛后，他努力掩饰自己的失望，但我们都从他的脸上看出来了。根据句意可知，此处为动词短语make an effort to do“努力做某事”，满足句意要求，结合后面动词saw可知，此处应为一般过去时。故填made an effort。
【19题详解】
考查动词短语和时态。句意：我们听到了很多关于这家餐厅的好消息，它的食物也符合我们的期望。根据句意可知，此处为动词短语live up to“不辜负”，满足句意要求，结合句意可知，此处为一般现在时，主语its food为不可数名词，所以为动词三单形式。故填lives up to。
【20题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：与其整天开着车到处找地方停车，你为什么不坐公共汽车进城呢？根据句意可知，此处为固定短语rather than“而不是，与其”，满足句意要求。故填Rather than。
第三节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)
阅读下面句子，根据句子内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式琪空。
21. Dr. Brown is a senior professor________views are widely respected. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】whose
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：布朗博士是一位资深教授，他的观点受到广泛尊重。分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，先行词为professor，因空白处在从句中作定语，使用关系代词whose引导定语从句，故填whose。
22. The little girl ______(cry) her heart out because she had lost her toy bear. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】cried
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：小女孩因为丢了玩具熊而痛哭。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，结合从句动词had lost可知，此处应为描述过去发生的事情，为一般过去时。故填cried。
23. Tom was my leader and he promised that he______(help)me if necessary. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】would help
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：汤姆是我的领导，他答应必要时他会帮助我。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，由主句动词promised可知，此处也要用相应的过去时态，结合句意可知，从句表示过去将要发生的事情，用过去将来时，为would do。故填would help。
24. We were______(amaze) to see John looking so well, so soon after his operation. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】amazed
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们惊讶地看到约翰手术后这么快就恢复得这么好。分析句子可知，此处为形容词amazed“惊讶的”作表语，构成动词短语be amazed to do“惊讶于做某事”，满足句意要求。故填amazed。
25. When I went to pay him a visit in the hospital, he______(examine)by the doctor. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】was being examined
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：当我去医院看望他时，他正在接受医生的检查。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，根据句意以及从句动词went可知，此处应表示过去正在进行的事情，为过去进行时，结合he和动词examine为被动关系，所以为过去进行时的被动语态结构。故填was being examined。
26. He imagined all sorts of ______ (excite) things about studying and living in college. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】exciting
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他想象着大学里学习和生活的种种令人兴奋的事情。此处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词things，表示“令人兴奋的”，应用-ing结尾的形容词exciting。故填exciting。
27. After a heated discussion, we came up with the way ______ (solve) the funding problem. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to solve
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：经过激烈讨论，我们想出了解决资金问题的办法。此处是非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词way，the way to do sth.固定搭配，意为“做某事的方法”，名词way后应用不定式作后置定语，故填to solve。
28. When a baby is one month old in China, a Full Moon ceremony______(hold) to celebrate it. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】is held
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：在中国，当婴儿一个月大时，会举行满月仪式来庆祝。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，主语a Full Moon ceremony和动词hold为被动关系，所以用被动语态结构，构成是“be+过去分词”，结合句意以及从句动词is可知，本句描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语是单数，be动词应用is。故填is held。
29. They were impressed by the schools ______ they had visited in the poor village and decided to help them.(用适当的词填空)
【答案】that##which
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们参观过的贫困村的学校给他们留下了深刻的印象，于是决定帮助他们。“________they had visited in the poor village”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the schools，指物，且关系词在从句中作宾语，应用that/which引导定语从句，故填that/which。
30. It is a big challenge ______ (find) and keep the right balance between progress and the protection of cultural sites. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to find
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在进步与文化遗址保护之间找到并保持适当的平衡是一项巨大的挑战。it be+(a/an)+名词+to do sth.固定句型，意为“做某事是（一件）……的事”，it是形式主语，此处应用不定式作真正的主语，故填to find。
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Te Papa Tongarewa
Te Papa Tongarewa is the museum of art, science, and the natural history of New Zealand. The name translates to “our container of treasured things and people that spring from mother earth here in New Zealand”.
Te Papa is open every day from 10 am to 6 pm, except on Christmas Day. Admission is free for everyone, but charges apply to certain exhibitions and events.
·Guided tours
Introducing Te Papa Tour will give you a great opportunity to understand the various views and cultures you will meet throughout New Zealand.
Te Papa@Twilight Tour is an excellent choice to avoid the crowds and discover Te Papa’s highlights as the sun begins to set. You can discuss our diverse natural environment, and the continued growth of Maori culture with a private guide.
Take a journey with Maori Experience Kinaki Tour, to discover how first peoples of the land have formed unique foods provided by the natural world. The tour will conclude with a shared kai, traditionally-inspired food tasting.
·Plan an education visit
If you are an educator, choose from our range of education programmes. Each can be adapted to your needs. Both in-person and virtual visits are accessible.
We recommend booking at least two weeks ahead of time.
During the visit, we require you to bring adults to supervise (管理) students closely as you are responsible for their safety.
Food and drinks(except bottled water)are not allowed in exhibition areas. Schools are welcome to eat lunch in the outdoor courtyard. You may also choose to buy lunches from our café and are welcome to use cafe space to eat.
31. According to the passage, Te Papa Tongarewa ______.
A. shows local collections B. is full of worldwide treasures
C. hosts all the events for free D. is open the whole year round
32. Which trip of Te Papa offers typical traditional food
A. Introducing Te Papa Tour. B. Te Papa@Twilight Tour.
C. An education programme. D. Maori Experience Kinaki Tour.
33. For an education visit to Te Papa _____.
A. booking a week ahead is required B. the museum ensures students’ safely
C. eating in exhibition areas is accepted D. the museum supports personalized service
【答案】31. A 32. D 33. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。Te Papa Tongarewa是新西兰的艺术、科学和自然历史博物馆。文章主要介绍了去Te Papa Tongarewa旅行或进行教育访问的相关信息。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Te Papa Tongarewa is the museum of art, science, and the natural history of New Zealand. The name translates to “our container of treasured things and people that spring from mother earth here in New Zealand”.(蒂帕帕汤加雷瓦 (Te Papa Tongarewa) 是新西兰的艺术、科学和自然历史博物馆。这个名字的意思是“我们的容器，里面装着来自新西兰大地母亲的珍贵物品和人”)”可知，Te Papa Tongarewa展示了新西兰当地的收藏品、故选A。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据·Guided tours下面第三段“Take a journey with Maori Experience Kinaki Tour, to discover how first peoples of the land have formed unique foods provided by the natural world. The tour will conclude with a shared kai, traditionally-inspired food tasting.(参加毛利人体验基纳基之旅（Maori Experience Kinaki Tour），探索这片土地上的第一批人民如何创造自然世界提供的独特食物。旅程将以共享kai传统美食品尝结束)”可知，Maori Experience Kinaki Tour提供典型的传统美食、故选D。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据·Plan an education visit中第二段“We recommend booking at least two weeks ahead of time.(我们建议至少提前两周预订)”可知，前往Te Papa进行教育访问需要提前两周预定、故选A。
B
Hansel Enmanuel, a 19-year-old basketball player, has drawn attention after videos spread quickly showing his awesome skills, like making 3-point shots and dunking (灌篮) with ease. All with just his right arm. It looks almost effortless when he plays. However, it’s not. It never has been.
Enmanuel was 6 when he was climbing a wall. It fell over him, bricks and blocks on his left arm. He was rushed to the hospital, but the doctor couldn’t save his arm and it was cut off several inches below the shoulder. It was a dark time for Enmanuel and his family.
Slowly, things got better for the little boy. He still remembers the first time he tied his shoes. Just 7, Enmanuel was waiting for his mother to do it for him, but she was busy cooking. “I was like, never mind, I’m going to start,” he said in a recent interview. “I told myself let me try. I was trying. Then I made it.” “So I was excited, excited like crazy,” he added.
Small things became huge victories. Months after that, Enmanuel tried basketball, too. But it’s not an easy path. His missing arm left him lacking balance. Every time he tried to run, he’d crash to the ground, falling on debris (碎片) covered across the courts he played on. These falls left him with numerous scars (疤痕). In the interview, Enmanuel pointed to the scar after scar down the length of the leg, reminders of a hard time that has brought him to excellence in basketball skills.
Enmanuel first dunked at 14, and it wasn’t long before his popularity grew with the views on his videos. But it wasn’t the highlight videos that interested his coach, Corey Gipson. He liked Enmanuel’s attitude and the way he carried himself on the court. “Hansel is a very tough person,” Gipson said. “When you see him on the floor, you just see an unstoppable force that doesn’t take anything for granted (理所应当).” “I’m not special,” Enmanuel said. “I’m not different than nobody. The only difference is that I’ve got one arm, but that’s not different.”
34. What first encouraged Enmanuel to recover from the accident
A. The help from his doctor. B. Managing to tie his shoes.
C. Videos on his shots and dunking. D. The attention from his mother.
35. Enmanuel pointed to scars on his leg mainly to show his ______.
A. success B. health C. efforts D. competence
36. What interested Enmanuel’s coach most
A. His response to difficulties. B. His great sense of balance.
C. His confidence on the court. D. His popularity on social media.
37. What does the story intend to tell us
A. He who laughs last laughs best.
B. Don’t judge a book by its cover.
C. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
D. You can make a difference by being different.
【答案】34. B 35. C 36. A 37. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了19岁的独臂男孩Hansel Enmanuel用右臂展示了他出色的三分球投篮和轻松灌篮的技术，这使他在网上迅速走红。他的成就是他在经过无数次摔倒后仍然努力练球所换来的。这个故事告诉我们：有志者事竟成。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“He still remembers the first time he tied his shoes. Just 7, Enmanuel was waiting for his mother to do it for him, but she was busy cooking. “I was like, never mind, I’m going to start,” he said in a recent interview. “I told myself let me try. I was trying. Then I made it.” “So I was excited, excited like crazy,” he added.(他还记得第一次系鞋带的情景。伊曼纽尔才 7 岁，正在等他的母亲为他做饭，但她正忙着做饭。“我当时想，没关系，我要开始了，”他在最近的一次采访中说道。“我告诉自己让我尝试一下。我正在尝试。然后我就成功了。”“所以我很兴奋，兴奋得发疯，”他补充道)”可知，Enmanuel第一次设法系好了鞋带，这是第一次促使他从事故中恢复过来，故选B。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Every time he tried to run, he’d crash to the ground, falling on debris (碎片) covered across the courts he played on. These falls left him with numerous scars (疤痕). In the interview, Enmanuel pointed to the scar after scar down the length of the leg, reminders of a hard time that has brought him to excellence in basketball skills.(每次他试图跑起来时，他都会摔倒在地，落在他所打球的球场上覆盖的碎片上。这些跌倒给他留下了无数疤痕。在采访中，恩曼纽尔指着腿上一道又一道的伤疤，让人想起正是这段艰难的时光让他取得了卓越的篮球技术。)”可知，Enmanuel尝试打篮球时很努力，一次次摔倒给他留下了很多疤痕。由此推知，Enmanuel指着自己腿上的伤疤主要是为了表明他为打篮球所付出的努力。故选C。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But it wasn’t the highlight videos that interested his coach, Corey Gipson. He liked Enmanuel’s attitude and the way he carried himself on the court. “Hansel is a very tough person,” Gipson said. “When you see him on the floor, you just see an unstoppable force that doesn’t take anything for granted (理所应当).”(但令他的教练科里·吉普森感兴趣的并不是精彩视频。他喜欢恩曼纽尔的态度和他在球场上的表现。“汉塞尔是一个非常坚强的人，”吉普森说。“当你看到他在场上时，你就会看到一种不可阻挡的力量，不会认为任何事情都是理所当然的。”)”可知，教练喜欢Enmanuel的态度和在球场上的表现，即他很坚强，有一种不可阻挡的力量来战胜困难。由此推知，令教练对Enmanuel感兴趣的是他应对困难的反应。故选A。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Hansel Enmanuel, a 19-year-old basketball player, has drawn attention after videos spread quickly showing his awesome skills, like making 3-point shots and dunking (灌篮) with ease. All with just his right arm. It looks almost effortless when he plays. However, it’s not. It never has been.(9岁的篮球运动员汉塞尔·恩曼纽尔(Hansel Enmanuel)在视频迅速传播后引起了人们的关注，他展示了他出色的三分球投篮和轻松灌篮的技术。全部只用他的右臂。当他演奏时，看起来几乎毫不费力。然而，事实并非如此。而且从来不是这么轻松)”和倒数第二段中“But it’s not an easy path. His missing arm left him lacking balance. Every time he tried to run, he’d crash to the ground, falling on debris (碎片) covered across the courts he played on. These falls left him with numerous scars (疤痕). In the interview, Enmanuel pointed to the scar after scar down the length of the leg, reminders of a hard time that has brought him to excellence in basketball skills.(但这并不是一条容易的路。他失去的手臂使他失去平衡。每次他试图逃跑时，他都会摔倒在地，落在他所打球的球场上覆盖的碎片上。这些跌倒给他留下了无数疤痕。在采访中，恩曼纽尔指着腿上一道又一道的伤疤，让人想起正是这段艰难的时光让他取得了卓越的篮球技术)”可知，19岁的独臂男孩Hansel Enmanuel用右臂展示了他出色的三分球投篮和轻松灌篮的技术，这使他在网上迅速走红。事实上，这并不像视频中看起来这么轻松，这是他在经过无数次摔倒仍然努力练球所换来的成就。由此推知，这个故事告诉我们只要想做就能成功，即有志者事竟成。故选C。
C
Earlier findings about sharks have shown that they could learn skills from each other. Recently, Vera Schluessel at the University of Bonn in Germany and her colleagues have done research on how well 12 bamboo sharks could recognize (认出) different numbers of objects.
Each shark was put in a training pool with pictures of two different groups of geometric (几何图形的) shapes projected onto a wall The team then cycled through at least 40 objects of different shapes and shades to ensure the sharks weren’t simply picking up on the darkness of the objects or the area of wall they covered. Around half the sharks learned to reliably press their nose against the image with the most objects, after which they were rewarded with food. These sharks only seemed able to pick out the bigger group if it contained at least two more objects than the smaller one. This may be because the difference between six and seven fish or predators (捕食者) is unimportant in the wild, says Schluessel. The reason not all the sharks learned how to do the task could be that they, like all animals, have differences in intelligence (智力).
Sharks join a growing number of animals that have been discovered to have similar skills at distinguishing quantities, including black bears, guppies and rhesus monkeys. In one experiment, dogs and wolves were able to reliably pick the larger of two groups. But dogs could only do so when one of the groups had far more objects.
Some shark species are social learners and can perform a task in a tank more quickly if they watch another shark that has already been trained to do it. This challenges the image of sharks as mindless, solitary creatures. Just like humans, sharks learn from their own experiences and failures. And just as we do, sharks can learn from each other’s experiences too, says Catarina Vila Pouca at Macquarie University in Australia. “Being able to learn from others is enormously beneficial. Not only does it save time, but watching another shark’s success at feeding or failure to escape predators could be a matter of life or death.”
Schluessel and her colleagues have also previously found that bamboo sharks have an advanced ability to recognize categories , such as snails or fish, enabling them to get a treat even if pictures look remarkably similar. This is similar to our ability to look at a goldfish and a salmon and know that they are the same type of thing, even though one is 30 times the size of the other.
38. What can we learn about the sharks in the recent research
A. They are trained to recognize the shapes.
B. They are capable of telling more from less.
C. They can identify objects due to the rewards.
D. They are no better than dogs in telling numbers.
39. What does the underlined word “solitary” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Selfish. B. Lonely. C. Risky. D. Lazy.
40. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To show how sharks learn from each other.
B. To explain how sharks and humans are alike.
C. To prove that sharks are smarter than they look.
D. To present the importance of numbers for sharks.
【答案】38. B 39. B 40. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究表明，鲨鱼有识别不同数量物体的能力。
38题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Around half the sharks learned to reliably press their nose against the image with the most objects, after which they were rewarded with food. These sharks only seemed able to pick out the bigger group if it contained at least two more objects than the smaller one.(大约一半的鲨鱼学会了将鼻子可靠地贴在物体最多的图像上，之后它们就会得到食物奖励。较多图像这组比较小这组至少多两个图像时，这些鲨鱼似乎才能识别出较大的这组图像)”可知，鲨鱼能够区别出多和少。故选B。
【39题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“Some shark species are social learners and can perform a task in a tank more quickly if they watch another shark that has already been trained to do it. (一些鲨鱼物种是社会学习者，如果它们观察另一条已经接受过训练的鲨鱼，它们可以更快地在水箱中执行任务)”和下文“Just like humans, sharks learn from their own experiences and failures. (就像人类一样，鲨鱼从自己的经历和失败中学习)”可知，鲨鱼是社会学习者，并不是独居生物，它们是有意识的，会从别的已经接受过训练的鲨鱼身上学到一些东西。由此可推知，鲨鱼并不是无意识、孤独的生物，划线单词solitary意为“孤独的”，与B项“Lonely.(孤独的)”意思一样，故选B。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Earlier findings about sharks have shown that they could learn skills from each other. Recently, Vera Schluessel at the University of Bonn in Germany and her colleagues have done research on how well 12 bamboo sharks could recognize (认出) different numbers of objects.(早期关于鲨鱼的研究结果表明，它们可以互相学习技能。最近，德国波恩大学的Vera Schluessel和她的同事对 12 只竹鲨识别不同数量物体的能力进行了研究。)”可知，文章主要介绍了一项新的研究表明，鲨鱼有识别不同数量物体的能力。由此推知，文章的目的是告诉我们鲨鱼有识别不同数量物体的能力，即数字对鲨鱼来说很重要。故选D。
D
Despite decades of research, disorders of the brain have proved especially difficult to treat. There is schizophrenia (精神分裂症), which has not seen a breakthrough for more than 60 years, since the discovery of chlorpromazine — which happened largely by chance. But the story of chlorpromazine offers a powerful lesson: originally an antihistamine (抗过敏药), it was repurposed as a medicine for schizophrenia.
As a scientist who has studied schizophrenia for decades, I am convinced that we could have similar successes with other medicines already on our shelves. Because an existing drug has already passed Food and Drug Administration tests(FDA-approved), successfully repurposing it could take less than half of the estimated 13 years and significantly less than the average $2-billion to $3-billion cost of developing a single drug from nothing.
The thousands of FDA-approved drugs thus represent a vast resource that can possibly be adapted to target any number of conditions. But this possibility is largely unexplored, in part because drug companies always have to restructure their Research and Development (R&D) programs to look at other diseases. There are also thousands of drugs that are not FDA-approved. When a company discontinues development of a drug, whatever researchers know is locked up in that company’s files and might as well be lost.
Scientists need access (使用机会) to this information. If this information could be directed into a centralized resource, it would be great news. Researchers could employ the latest tools in bio-informatics, data science and machine learning to uncover common molecular (分子的) themes among or between diseases and promising drugs. Yet many drug companies are still unwilling to reveal anything that might put their copyrights at risk. Even academics may hesitate to share with competing laboratories.
To cope with this organizations like the FDA must develop motivations for sharing data, such as by creating legal safeguards for privacy and commercial interests. These motivations could then open the floodgates for easy-to-use, open platforms for efficiently sharing and mining data. This would not have been possible five years ago. But now is a critical moment, and we have never been closer to real breakthroughs.
In my lab, we are testing certain cancer drugs that restore some of the biological processes that are disturbed in schizophrenia. We want to see if the drugs have the same restorative features in the brain cells of schizophrenia patients. This is a proof of the idea that a systematic and strategic approach to drug repurposing could actually move the needle. There is no time to waste. What we need is cooperation from drug companies and academic scientists alike — and access to the lifesaving data they hold.
41. Why does the author mention chlorpromazine in the first paragraph
A. To stress the difficulty in treating brain disorders.
B. To explain medical progress could happen by luck.
C. To introduce a medicine breakthrough in medical history
D. To show a medicine for a certain illness can treat another disease.
42 What can we learn from the passage
A. Information arising from drug development can be wasted.
B. The undeveloped functions of present medicines are overvalued.
C. We should treasure FDA-approved drugs more than the unapproved.
D. Studying existing drugs is more likely to succeed than developing new ones.
43. As for drug companies’ being unwilling to share, the author is _______.
A. supportive B. negative C. understanding D. uncertain
44. Which would be the best title for this passage
A. New Drugs from Old B. Access to Lifesaving Data
C. Between Drug Companies and Scientists. D. Before and After Medical Breakthroughs
【答案】41. D 42. A 43. C 44. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过一种抗组胺药物被用于治疗另一种疾病的例子说明了应该利用现有的药物来研制新的药物，这么做可以节约成本和时间，但其中存在着一些问题和挑战。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Despite decades of research, disorders of the brain have proved especially difficult to treat. There is schizophrenia (精神分裂症), which has not seen a breakthrough for more than 60 years, since the discovery of chlorpromazine—which happened largely by chance. But the story of chlorpromazine offers a powerful lesson: originally an antihistamine (抗过敏药), it was repurposed as a medicine for schizophrenia.(尽管经过数十年的研究，大脑疾病已被证明特别难以治疗。还有精神分裂症，自从氯丙嗪的发现（很大程度上是偶然发现的）以来，已经有60多年没有突破了。但氯丙嗪的故事提供了一个强有力的教训：它最初是一种抗组胺药，后来被用作治疗精神分裂症的药物)”可推知，作者在第一段提到氯丙嗪是为了证明治疗某种疾病的药物可以治疗另一种疾病。故选D。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“When a company discontinues development of a drug, whatever researchers know is locked up in that company’s files and might as well be lost.(当一家公司停止开发一种药物时，研究人员所知道的一切都被锁在该公司的文件中，可能也会丢失)”可知，药物开发产生的信息可能被浪费。故选A。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Scientists need access (使用机会) to this information. If this information could be directed into a centralized resource, it would be great news. Researchers could employ the latest tools in bio-informatics, data science and machine learning to uncover common molecular (分子的) themes among or between diseases and promising drugs. Yet many drug companies are still unwilling to reveal anything that might put their copyrights at risk. Even academics may hesitate to share with competing laboratories.(科学家需要获得这些信息。如果这些信息能够集中到一个集中的资源中，那将是一个好消息。研究人员可以利用生物信息学、数据科学和机器学习领域的最新工具，发现疾病之间或疾病之间的共同分子主题和有前途的药物。然而，许多制药公司仍然不愿透露任何可能危及其版权的信息。甚至学术界也不愿与竞争对手的实验室分享)”以及倒数第二段“To cope with this, organizations like the FDA must develop motivations for sharing data, such as by creating legal safeguards for privacy and commercial interests. These motivations could then open the floodgates for easy-to-use, open platforms for efficiently sharing and mining data.(为了应对这种情况，像FDA这样的组织必须制定共享数据的动机，例如通过建立隐私和商业利益的法律保障。这些动机可以为易于使用的开放平台打开闸门，以有效地共享和挖掘数据)”可推知，对于制药公司不愿意分享的行为，作者表示理解，所以提出建立法律保障商业利益。故选C。
【44题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“As a scientist who has studied schizophrenia for decades, I am convinced that we could have similar successes with other medicines already on our shelves.(作为一名研究精神分裂症数十年的科学家，我相信，我们可以用货架上已有的其他药物取得类似的成功)”结合文章通过一种抗组胺药物被用于治疗另一种疾病的例子说明了应该利用现有的药物来研制新的药物，这么做可以节约成本和时间，但其中存在着一些问题和挑战。可知，A选项“从旧药中研制新药”最符合文章标题。故选A。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
For many people, being connected in the digital world is just a part pf everyday life. However, there are many times when you might want to give up your digital devices.____45____
What is a digital detox
A digital detox refers to a period when a person stops using tech devices such as smartphones, computers, and social media. It is often seen as a way to focus on real-life social interactions without disturbing. There are a variety of forms of detoxing.____46____Also, you can try a specific detox — limiting the use of one app or digital tool that is taking up too much of your time.
Why do you need a digital detox
Many experts believe that tech and device overuse can lead to physical and mental problems. One study published on Global Pediatric Health suggested that children who used digital devices at bedtime had significantly worse and less sleep.____47____Besides, heavy device use may be related to mental health concerns. Researchers from the University of Pennsylvania recently published a study linking the use of social media to increased stress level and symptoms (症状) of depression and loneliness.
____48____
For many people, completely giving up all forms of digital communication might not be possible, particularly those who depend on them for work or school. So, the first key is to be realistic. If you need your devices during the day for your job, try doing a mini-detox at night.____49____Another way is to remove things that disturb you. Try to turn off push notifications (通知) on your phone or leave your phone at home when you are having dinner with friends. Of course, you can also tell your friends and family that you are on a digital detox and ask for their help, or keep a journal to track your progress to ensure a more successful detox.
A. How do you do a digital detox
B. In this case, you might as well try a digital detox.
C. What are the keys to giving up all digital communication
D. It also found a connection between nighttime tech use and eyesight problem.
E. Doing a mini-detox is one way to set limits and reduce your fear of missing out.
F. During that time, you can turn off your devices and spend an evening free of electronics.
G. One of them is a digital fast, which means giving up all digital devices for a period of time.
【答案】45. B 46. G 47. D 48. A 49. F
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了对许多人来说，在数字世界中连接只是日常生活的一部分。然而，很多时候你可能想要放弃你的数字设备。文章主要就如何戒掉数字设备提出了一些建议。
【45题详解】
根据上文“For many people, being connected in the digital world is just a part pf everyday life. However, there are many times when you might want to give up your digital devices.(对许多人来说，在数字世界中连接只是日常生活的一部分。然而，很多时候你可能想要放弃你的数字设备)”可知，上文提到了想要放弃数字设备，结合后文给出了戒掉数码产品的建议，可知本句属于过渡句，建议尝试戒掉数码产品。故B选项“在这种情况下，你不妨试试戒掉数码产品”符合语境，故选B。
【46题详解】
根据上文“A digital detox refers to a period when a person stops using tech devices such as smartphones, computers, and social media. It is often seen as a way to focus on real-life social interactions without disturbing. There are a variety of forms of detoxing.(“数字排毒”指的是一个人停止使用智能手机、电脑和社交媒体等科技设备的一段时间。它通常被视为一种专注于现实社会互动而不打扰的方式。有各种各样的排毒方式)”以及后文“Also, you can try a specific detox — limiting the use of one app or digital tool that is taking up too much of your time.(此外，你可以尝试一个特定的排毒方法——限制使用一个占用你太多时间的应用程序或数字工具)”可知，本句与后文并列，都是在列举数字排毒的方式，故G选项“其中之一是“数码斋戒”，这意味着在一段时间内放弃所有的数码设备”符合语境，故选G。
【47题详解】
根据上文“Many experts believe that tech and device overuse can lead to physical and mental problems. One study published on Global Pediatric Health suggested that children who used digital devices at bedtime had significantly worse and less sleep.(许多专家认为，过度使用科技和设备会导致身体和精神问题。发表在《全球儿科健康》杂志上的一项研究表明，睡前使用电子设备的儿童睡眠明显更差、更少)”以及后文“Besides, heavy device use may be related to mental health concerns. Researchers from the University of Pennsylvania recently published a study linking the use of social media to increased stress level and symptoms (症状) of depression and loneliness.(此外，大量使用电子设备可能与心理健康问题有关。宾夕法尼亚大学的研究人员最近发表了一项研究，将社交媒体的使用与压力水平的增加以及抑郁和孤独的症状联系起来)”可知，上文提到了研究发现睡前使用电子设备的儿童睡眠明显更差、更少，后文则提到了大量使用电子设备可能与心理健康问题有关，可知本句是在说明研究关于电子设备对儿童的其他负面影响。故D选项“研究还发现夜间使用科技产品与视力问题之间存在联系”符合语境，故选D。
【48题详解】
根据本段内容“For many people, completely giving up all forms of digital communication might not be possible, particularly those who depend on them for work or school. So, the first key is to be realistic. If you need your devices during the day for your job, try doing a mini-detox at night.(对于许多人来说，完全放弃所有形式的数字通信可能是不可能的，特别是那些依赖于它们来工作或学习的人。所以，第一个关键是要现实。如果你白天工作需要你的设备，试着在晚上做一次小型排毒)”以及“Another way is to remove things that disturb you. Try to turn off push notifications (通知) on your phone or leave your phone at home when you are having dinner with friends. Of course, you can also tell your friends and family that you are on a digital detox and ask for their help, or keep a journal to track your progress to ensure a more successful detox.(另一种方法是移除打扰你的东西。当你和朋友共进晚餐时，试着关掉手机上的推送通知，或者把手机留在家里。当然，你也可以告诉你的朋友和家人，你正在进行数字排毒，并寻求他们的帮助，或者写日记来记录你的进展，以确保更成功的排毒)”可知，本段主要说明了如何戒掉数字通信的方法，根据上文小标题均为设问句，且段落中提到了完全放弃所有形式的数字通信可能是不可能的，故排除C选项。故A选项“如何戒掉数码产品？”符合语境，故选A。
【49题详解】
根据上文“If you need your devices during the day for your job, try doing a mini-detox at night.(如果你白天工作需要你的设备，试着在晚上做一次小型排毒)”以及后文“Another way is to remove things that disturb you.(另一种方法是移除打扰你的东西)”可知，上文建议做“小型排毒”，后文则提到了另一种方法，可知本句主要承接上文，说明利用小型排毒戒掉电子设备是如何操作的，后文是移出干扰你的东西，故可推测小型排毒是指关闭或远离电子设备。故F选项“在这段时间里，你可以关掉电子设备，度过一个远离电子产品的夜晚”符合语境，故选F。
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第50、51题各2分，第52题3分，第53题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Nowadays, people are spending more hours on work. However, taking some time off is important for refreshing yourselves. If you’re having trouble making time for a break, the recent research by the UCLA’s Anderson School suggests that treating your weekends like a vacation can make you happier.
The findings are based on a series of experiments. In one study of 441 workers, half of the test subjects were instructed to have a normal weekend, while the others had to “treat their weekend like a vacation.” The next Monday, the weekend vacationers reported that they felt happier and were generally more satisfied than those who had had a normal weekend. The vacationers also reported they spent more money in vacation mode—about $ 130 compared to $104. But it wasn’t the money that bought them happiness. The researchers controlled for the amount of money both groups could spend. The vacationers were still happier than the ones who had experienced a typical weekend.
The reason the vacation approach may have worked wonders: The vacation mindset allows people to be more attentive to the present moment. “We’re always trying to get through things to check off our to-do lists and treating the weekend like a vacation pushes us out of our continuous ‘doing’ mode,” said Cassie Holmes, a professor at UCLA’s Anderson School.
The study showed that getting into a vacation mindset during the weekend is relatively easy. Even if you can’t take the entire weekend “off”, you can manage to steal a piece of the weekend to gain the benefits of a vacation mindset.
50. What does the research of the UCLA’s Anderson School suggest
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
51. Why may the vacation approach have worked wonders
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
52. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
When the researchers controlled for the amount of money both groups could spend, the vacation group was unhappier than the other group.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
53. What would you do to get into a vacation mindset at weekends And explain why.(In about 40 words)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】50. Treating your weekends like a vacation can make you happier.
51. The vacation mindset allows people to be more attentive to the present moment.
52. When the researchers controlled for the amount of money both groups could spend, the vacation group was unhappier than the other group. When the researchers controlled for the amount of money both groups could spend, the vacationers were still happier than the ones who had experienced a typical weekend.
53. I treat the weekend like a vacation, which allows me to mentally get out of continuous work mode. Because we always want to get things done and check our to-do list, this can make us feel tense and stressed.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了如今，人们花在工作上的时间越来越多。然而，休息一段时间对恢复精神很重要。如果你找不到时间休息，加州大学洛杉矶分校安德森学院最近的研究表明，把周末当作假期可以让你更快乐。
【50题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段中“If you’re having trouble making time for a break, the recent research by the UCLA’s Anderson School suggests that treating your weekends like a vacation can make you happier.”（如果你找不到时间休息，加州大学洛杉矶分校安德森学院最近的研究表明，把周末当作假期可以让你更快乐。）可知，加州大学洛杉矶分校安德森商学院的研究表明了把周末当作假期可以让你更快乐。故答案为Treating your weekends like a vacation can make you happier.
【51题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段中“The reason the vacation approach may have worked wonders: The vacation mindset allows people to be more attentive to the present moment.”（度假的方式可能会产生奇迹的原因是：度假的心态让人们更加关注当下。）可知，度假方式会产生奇迹是因为度假的心态让人们更加关注当下。故答案为The vacation mindset allows people to be more attentive to the present moment.
【52题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段中“The researchers controlled for the amount of money both groups could spend. The vacationers were still happier than the ones who had experienced a typical weekend.”（研究人员控制了两组人可以花的钱。度假者仍然比那些过了一个普通周末的人更快乐。）可知，When the researchers controlled for the amount of money both groups could spend, the vacation group was unhappier than the other group.（当研究人员控制两组人可以花的钱时，度假组比另一组更不快乐。）这项陈述中，“度假组比另一组更不快乐”这句话是错误的。正确的表述应为：当研究人员控制两组人可以花的钱时，度假者仍然比那些过了一个普通周末的人更快乐。故答案为When the researchers controlled for the amount of money both groups could spend, the vacation group was unhappier than the other group. When the researchers controlled for the amount of money both groups could spend, the vacationers were still happier than the ones who had experienced a typical weekend.
【53题详解】
考查主观评价。根据文章大意以及倒数第二段中““We’re always trying to get through things to check off our to-do lists and treating the weekend like a vacation pushes us out of our continuous ‘doing’ mode,” said Cassie Holmes, a professor at UCLA’s Anderson School.”（加州大学洛杉矶分校安德森学院(UCLA Anderson School)教授凯西·霍姆斯(Cassie Holmes)说：“我们总是想把事情做完，检查我们的待办事项清单，把周末当成假期，这让我们摆脱了连续不断的‘做’模式。”）以及题干的要求“你会怎么做才能在周末进入度假心态呢？并解释原因”，言之有理即可。参考答案：我会把周末当成假期，这让我从心理上摆脱了连续不断的工作模式。因为我们总是想把事情做完，检查我们的待办事项清单，这可能会让我们感到紧张和有压力。故答案为I treat the weekend like a vacation, which allows me to mentally get out of continuous work mode. Because we always want to get things done and check our to-do list, this can make us feel tense and stressed.
第二节(20分)
54. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim被中文老师邀请去家里过除夕(Chinese New Year’s Eve)，他发来邮件询问相关信息。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：
1.除夕活动；
2.做客礼仪。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
Knowing that you are invited by your Chinese teacher to spend the Chinese New Year’s Eve at his home, I am writing to tell you something about it.
In China, the Chinese New Year’s Eve is very important for Chinese people. On that day, people get together to have a big meal, during which dumplings are usually served. After that they will watch the Spring Festival gala evening.
As a guest, you need to know some etiquette. At first, you’d better arrive a few minutes early. In addition, the moment you meet with your Chinese friend and his/her family, you should say “Happy Spring Festival” to them.
I wish you enjoy yourself.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。英国朋友Jim被中文老师邀请去家里过除夕，他发来邮件询问相关信息。要求考生就此事用英文给他回复，内容包括：1.除夕活动；2.做客礼仪。
【详解】词汇积累
重要的：important→of importance
到达：arrive→reach
此外：In addition→Besides
玩得开心：enjoy oneself→have fun
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：After that they will watch the Spring Festival gala evening
拓展句：After that they will watch the Spring Festival gala evening, which is a tradition for Chinese people.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Knowing that you are invited by your Chinese teacher to spend the Chinese New Year’s Eve at his home, I am writing to tell you something about it.(运用了现在分词作状语，that引导的宾语从句)
【高分句型2】On that day, people get together to have a big meal, during which dumplings are usually served. (运用了介词+which引导的非限制性定语从句)北京市朝阳区2023 ~2024学年度第一学期期末质量检测
高一英语
(考试时间100分钟 满分100分)
本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分 知识运用(共三节，30分)
第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
On a winter afternoon, a friend and I were throwing stones onto the roof of an old lady’s house. We aimed to see how the stones ___1___ to falling stars as they rolled off the roof and shot into the yard. I found a perfectly smooth rock. It was too smooth, however, so it slipped (滑落) from my hand as I threw it and it ___2___for a small window of the house.
Hearing the sound of breaking glass, I knew I was ___3___. I was too scared about getting caught that night to be ___4___ about the old lady with the broken window in such a cold winter. However, a few days later, I started to feel sorry for her___5___. She still greeted me each day with a smile.
I made up my mind that I would save my paper delivery money to make up for what I did. Finally, I made it. I put the money in an envelope with a note explaining that I was sorry for breaking her window and hoped that the seven dollars would be enough to ___6___ the cost.
I waited until it was dark. I went up to her house ___7___ and put the letter I didn’t sign in her door in secret. At that moment I felt that I could have the ___8___, once again, to look into the old lady’s kind eyes.
The next day, I handed her the paper and was able to ___9___ her warm smile. She thanked me and gave me a bag of cookies.
After several cookies, I felt an envelope. When I opened it, I was ____10____ to see the seven dollars and a short note that said, “I’m proud of you.”
1.
A. ran B. jumped C. changed D. added
2.
A. waited B. headed C. looked D. called
3.
A. in trouble B. in tears C. in relief D. in danger
4.
A. nervous B. careful C. serious D. concerned
5.
A. challenge B. suffering C. pressure D. sadness
6.
A. cover B. cut C. raise D. count
7.
A. humbly B. painfully C. quietly D. proudly
8.
A. patience B. desire C. courage D. inspiration
9
A. record B. return C. reward D. realize
10.
A. eager B. excited C. stressed D. surprised
第二节 选词填空(共10小题，每小题1分，共10分)
阅读下面句子，根据句意，从方框中选择恰当单词或词组，并使用其正确形式填空。
due to be addicted to live up to rather than make an effort take advantage of represent have an impact on enable deal with
11. The red lines on the map ______ railways.
12. This money would _____ me to open my own business.
13. The smoke in the air was ______a wildfire in the nearby forest.
14. You should ______ the hotel’s gym and pool while you’re there.
15. One’s general knowledge about health ______ their lifestyle choices.
16. Tim ______ coffee and can’t do anything in the morning until he’s had some.
17. The girl has failed to ______ the problem of homesickness while traveling abroad.
18. After losing the game, he ______ to hide his disappointment ,but we all saw it in his face.
19. We’ve heard lots of good news about the restaurant and its food ______ our expectation too.
20. ______ driving around all day looking for places to park, why don’t you take a bus into town
第三节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)
阅读下面句子，根据句子内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式琪空。
21. Dr. Brown is a senior professor________views are widely respected. （用适当的词填空）
22. The little girl ______(cry) her heart out because she had lost her toy bear. (所给词的适当形式填空)
23. Tom was my leader and he promised that he______(help)me if necessary. (所给词的适当形式填空)
24. We were______(amaze) to see John looking so well, so soon after his operation. (所给词的适当形式填空)
25. When I went to pay him a visit in the hospital, he______(examine)by the doctor. (所给词的适当形式填空)
26. He imagined all sorts of ______ (excite) things about studying and living in college. (所给词的适当形式填空)
27. After a heated discussion, we came up with the way ______ (solve) the funding problem. (所给词的适当形式填空)
28. When a baby is one month old in China, a Full Moon ceremony______(hold) to celebrate it. (所给词的适当形式填空)
29. They were impressed by the schools ______ they had visited in the poor village and decided to help them.(用适当的词填空)
30. It is a big challenge ______ (find) and keep the right balance between progress and the protection of cultural sites. (所给词的适当形式填空)
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Te Papa Tongarewa
Te Papa Tongarewa is the museum of art, science, and the natural history of New Zealand. The name translates to “our container of treasured things and people that spring from mother earth here in New Zealand”.
Te Papa is open every day from 10 am to 6 pm, except on Christmas Day. Admission is free for everyone, but charges apply to certain exhibitions and events.
·Guided tours
Introducing Te Papa Tour will give you a great opportunity to understand the various views and cultures you will meet throughout New Zealand.
Te Papa@Twilight Tour is an excellent choice to avoid the crowds and discover Te Papa’s highlights as the sun begins to set. You can discuss our diverse natural environment, and the continued growth of Maori culture with a private guide.
Take a journey with Maori Experience Kinaki Tour, to discover how first peoples of the land have formed unique foods provided by the natural world. The tour will conclude with a shared kai, traditionally-inspired food tasting.
·Plan an education visit
If you are an educator, choose from our range of education programmes. Each can be adapted to your needs. Both in-person and virtual visits are accessible.
We recommend booking at least two weeks ahead of time.
During the visit, we require you to bring adults to supervise (管理) students closely as you are responsible for their safety.
Food and drinks(except bottled water)are not allowed in exhibition areas. Schools are welcome to eat lunch in the outdoor courtyard. You may also choose to buy lunches from our café and are welcome to use cafe space to eat.
31. According to the passage, Te Papa Tongarewa ______.
A. shows local collections B. is full of worldwide treasures
C. hosts all the events for free D. is open the whole year round
32. Which trip of Te Papa offers typical traditional food
A. Introducing Te Papa Tour. B. Te Papa@Twilight Tour.
C. An education programme. D. Maori Experience Kinaki Tour.
33. For an education visit to Te Papa _____.
A. booking a week ahead is required B. the museum ensures students’ safely
C. eating in exhibition areas is accepted D. the museum supports personalized service
B
Hansel Enmanuel, a 19-year-old basketball player, has drawn attention after videos spread quickly showing his awesome skills, like making 3-point shots and dunking (灌篮) with ease. All with just his right arm. It looks almost effortless when he plays. However, it’s not. It never has been.
Enmanuel was 6 when he was climbing a wall. It fell over him, bricks and blocks on his left arm. He was rushed to the hospital, but the doctor couldn’t save his arm and it was cut off several inches below the shoulder. It was a dark time for Enmanuel and his family.
Slowly, things got better for the little boy. He still remembers the first time he tied his shoes. Just 7, Enmanuel was waiting for his mother to do it for him, but she was busy cooking. “I was like, never mind, I’m going to start,” he said in a recent interview. “I told myself let me try. I was trying. Then I made it.” “So I was excited, excited like crazy,” he added.
Small things became huge victories. Months after that, Enmanuel tried basketball, too. But it’s not an easy path. His missing arm left him lacking balance. Every time he tried to run, he’d crash to the ground, falling on debris (碎片) covered across the courts he played on. These falls left him with numerous scars (疤痕). In the interview, Enmanuel pointed to the scar after scar down the length of the leg, reminders of a hard time that has brought him to excellence in basketball skills.
Enmanuel first dunked at 14, and it wasn’t long before his popularity grew with the views on his videos. But it wasn’t the highlight videos that interested his coach, Corey Gipson. He liked Enmanuel’s attitude and the way he carried himself on the court. “Hansel is a very tough person,” Gipson said. “When you see him on the floor, you just see an unstoppable force that doesn’t take anything for granted (理所应当).” “I’m not special,” Enmanuel said. “I’m not different than nobody. The only difference is that I’ve got one arm, but that’s not different.”
34. What first encouraged Enmanuel to recover from the accident
A. The help from his doctor. B. Managing to tie his shoes.
C. Videos on his shots and dunking. D. The attention from his mother.
35. Enmanuel pointed to scars on his leg mainly to show his ______.
A success B. health C. efforts D. competence
36. What interested Enmanuel’s coach most
A. His response to difficulties. B. His great sense of balance.
C. His confidence on the court. D. His popularity on social media.
37. What does the story intend to tell us
A. He who laughs last laughs best.
B. Don’t judge a book by its cover.
C. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
D. You can make a difference by being different.
C
Earlier findings about sharks have shown that they could learn skills from each other. Recently, Vera Schluessel at the University of Bonn in Germany and her colleagues have done research on how well 12 bamboo sharks could recognize (认出) different numbers of objects.
Each shark was put in a training pool with pictures of two different groups of geometric (几何图形的) shapes projected onto a wall The team then cycled through at least 40 objects of different shapes and shades to ensure the sharks weren’t simply picking up on the darkness of the objects or the area of wall they covered. Around half the sharks learned to reliably press their nose against the image with the most objects, after which they were rewarded with food. These sharks only seemed able to pick out the bigger group if it contained at least two more objects than the smaller one. This may be because the difference between six and seven fish or predators (捕食者) is unimportant in the wild, says Schluessel. The reason not all the sharks learned how to do the task could be that they, like all animals, have differences in intelligence (智力).
Sharks join a growing number of animals that have been discovered to have similar skills at distinguishing quantities, including black bears, guppies and rhesus monkeys. In one experiment, dogs and wolves were able to reliably pick the larger of two groups. But dogs could only do so when one of the groups had far more objects.
Some shark species are social learners and can perform a task in a tank more quickly if they watch another shark that has already been trained to do it. This challenges the image of sharks as mindless, solitary creatures. Just like humans, sharks learn from their own experiences and failures. And just as we do, sharks can learn from each other’s experiences too, says Catarina Vila Pouca at Macquarie University in Australia. “Being able to learn from others is enormously beneficial. Not only does it save time, but watching another shark’s success at feeding or failure to escape predators could be a matter of life or death.”
Schluessel and her colleagues have also previously found that bamboo sharks have an advanced ability to recognize categories , such as snails or fish, enabling them to get a treat even if pictures look remarkably similar. This is similar to our ability to look at a goldfish and a salmon and know that they are the same type of thing, even though one is 30 times the size of the other.
38 What can we learn about the sharks in the recent research
A. They are trained to recognize the shapes.
B. They are capable of telling more from less.
C. They can identify objects due to the rewards.
D. They are no better than dogs in telling numbers.
39. What does the underlined word “solitary” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Selfish. B. Lonely. C. Risky. D. Lazy.
40. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To show how sharks learn from each other.
B. To explain how sharks and humans are alike.
C. To prove that sharks are smarter than they look.
D. To present the importance of numbers for sharks.
D
Despite decades of research, disorders of the brain have proved especially difficult to treat. There is schizophrenia (精神分裂症), which has not seen a breakthrough for more than 60 years, since the discovery of chlorpromazine — which happened largely by chance. But the story of chlorpromazine offers a powerful lesson: originally an antihistamine (抗过敏药), it was repurposed as a medicine for schizophrenia.
As a scientist who has studied schizophrenia for decades, I am convinced that we could have similar successes with other medicines already on our shelves. Because an existing drug has already passed Food and Drug Administration tests(FDA-approved), successfully repurposing it could take less than half of the estimated 13 years and significantly less than the average $2-billion to $3-billion cost of developing a single drug from nothing.
The thousands of FDA-approved drugs thus represent a vast resource that can possibly be adapted to target any number of conditions. But this possibility is largely unexplored, in part because drug companies always have to restructure their Research and Development (R&D) programs to look at other diseases. There are also thousands of drugs that are not FDA-approved. When a company discontinues development of a drug, whatever researchers know is locked up in that company’s files and might as well be lost.
Scientists need access (使用机会) to this information. If this information could be directed into a centralized resource, it would be great news. Researchers could employ the latest tools in bio-informatics, data science and machine learning to uncover common molecular (分子的) themes among or between diseases and promising drugs. Yet many drug companies are still unwilling to reveal anything that might put their copyrights at risk. Even academics may hesitate to share with competing laboratories.
To cope with this, organizations like the FDA must develop motivations for sharing data, such as by creating legal safeguards for privacy and commercial interests. These motivations could then open the floodgates for easy-to-use, open platforms for efficiently sharing and mining data. This would not have been possible five years ago. But now is a critical moment, and we have never been closer to real breakthroughs.
In my lab, we are testing certain cancer drugs that restore some of the biological processes that are disturbed in schizophrenia. We want to see if the drugs have the same restorative features in the brain cells of schizophrenia patients. This is a proof of the idea that a systematic and strategic approach to drug repurposing could actually move the needle. There is no time to waste. What we need is cooperation from drug companies and academic scientists alike — and access to the lifesaving data they hold.
41. Why does the author mention chlorpromazine in the first paragraph
A. To stress the difficulty in treating brain disorders.
B. To explain medical progress could happen by luck.
C. To introduce a medicine breakthrough in medical history
D. To show a medicine for a certain illness can treat another disease.
42. What can we learn from the passage
A. Information arising from drug development can be wasted.
B. The undeveloped functions of present medicines are overvalued.
C. We should treasure FDA-approved drugs more than the unapproved.
D. Studying existing drugs is more likely to succeed than developing new ones.
43. As for drug companies’ being unwilling to share, the author is _______.
A. supportive B. negative C. understanding D. uncertain
44. Which would be the best title for this passage
A. New Drugs from Old B. Access to Lifesaving Data
C. Between Drug Companies and Scientists. D. Before and After Medical Breakthroughs
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
For many people, being connected in the digital world is just a part pf everyday life. However, there are many times when you might want to give up your digital devices.____45____
What is a digital detox
A digital detox refers to a period when a person stops using tech devices such as smartphones, computers, and social media. It is often seen as a way to focus on real-life social interactions without disturbing. There are a variety of forms of detoxing.____46____Also, you can try a specific detox — limiting the use of one app or digital tool that is taking up too much of your time.
Why do you need a digital detox
Many experts believe that tech and device overuse can lead to physical and mental problems. One study published on Global Pediatric Health suggested that children who used digital devices at bedtime had significantly worse and less sleep.____47____Besides, heavy device use may be related to mental health concerns. Researchers from the University of Pennsylvania recently published a study linking the use of social media to increased stress level and symptoms (症状) of depression and loneliness.
____48____
For many people, completely giving up all forms of digital communication might not be possible, particularly those who depend on them for work or school. So, the first key is to be realistic. If you need your devices during the day for your job, try doing a mini-detox at night.____49____Another way is to remove things that disturb you. Try to turn off push notifications (通知) on your phone or leave your phone at home when you are having dinner with friends. Of course, you can also tell your friends and family that you are on a digital detox and ask for their help, or keep a journal to track your progress to ensure a more successful detox.
A. How do you do a digital detox
B. In this case, you might as well try a digital detox.
C. What are the keys to giving up all digital communication
D. It also found a connection between nighttime tech use and eyesight problem.
E. Doing a mini-detox is one way to set limits and reduce your fear of missing out.
F. During that time, you can turn off your devices and spend an evening free of electronics.
G. One of them is a digital fast, which means giving up all digital devices for a period of time.
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第50、51题各2分，第52题3分，第53题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Nowadays, people are spending more hours on work. However, taking some time off is important for refreshing yourselves. If you’re having trouble making time for a break, the recent research by the UCLA’s Anderson School suggests that treating your weekends like a vacation can make you happier.
The findings are based on a series of experiments. In one study of 441 workers, half of the test subjects were instructed to have a normal weekend, while the others had to “treat their weekend like a vacation.” The next Monday, the weekend vacationers reported that they felt happier and were generally more satisfied than those who had had a normal weekend. The vacationers also reported they spent more money in vacation mode—about $ 130 compared to $104. But it wasn’t the money that bought them happiness. The researchers controlled for the amount of money both groups could spend. The vacationers were still happier than the ones who had experienced a typical weekend.
The reason the vacation approach may have worked wonders: The vacation mindset allows people to be more attentive to the present moment. “We’re always trying to get through things to check off our to-do lists and treating the weekend like a vacation pushes us out of our continuous ‘doing’ mode,” said Cassie Holmes, a professor at UCLA’s Anderson School.
The study showed that getting into a vacation mindset during the weekend is relatively easy. Even if you can’t take the entire weekend “off”, you can manage to steal a piece of the weekend to gain the benefits of a vacation mindset.
50. What does the research of the UCLA’s Anderson School suggest
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
51. Why may the vacation approach have worked wonders
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
52. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
When the researchers controlled for the amount of money both groups could spend, the vacation group was unhappier than the other group.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
53. What would you do to get into a vacation mindset at weekends And explain why.(In about 40 words)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节(20分)
54. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim被中文老师邀请去家里过除夕(Chinese New Year’s Eve)，他发来邮件询问相关信息。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：
1.除夕活动；
2.做客礼仪。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
