丰台区2023~2024学年度第一学期期末练习
高一英语
考生须知 1.答题前，考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、班级、姓名、教育ID号用黑色字迹签字笔填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的教育ID号、姓名，在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区”贴好条形码。 2.本次练习所有答题均在答题卡上完成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小题对应选项涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它选项。非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔书写，要求字体工整、字迹清楚。 3.请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在练习卷、草稿纸上答题无效。 4.本练习卷满分共100分，作答时长90分钟。
笔试(共三部分 100分)
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I had always wanted a dog. My parents told me when I was old enough and ___1___, I could have one.
One day I hopped off the bus, not knowing what awaited me inside. I walked through the door, and to my ___2___, a white and black puppy greeted me with many puppy kisses. A very special friendship was born that day.
She was a smart dog. We ___3___ play for hours, spending our days learning and growing together.
Eleven years we were together, best of friends. Unfortunately, arthritis (关节炎) and old age set in on her. My parents knew what had to be done, but they let me find and make the decision myself.
She was ___4___ so much and the medicine didn’t seem to help anymore. She could ___5___ walk. I looked into those deep brown eyes and ___6___ it was time to let her go.
I carried her into the vet’s (兽医诊所) and placed her on the table. She leaned her head forward and gave a lick to my hand as if to say, “I understand. Stay ___7___.” Her tail was wagging (摆动) in a circle as always.
The vet asked before giving the final shot, “Are you sure ” With a heavy heart and tear-filled eyes, I nodded yes. The final shot was given. My eyes fixed upon her wagging tail. In a matter of seconds, it ___8___. The vet listened for a heartbeat, and said, “It’s over.”
I took her home and buried her in the pasture, where she loved playing and chasing rabbits. It was the ___9___ thing I had ever done.
Recently I went back to her grave. Growing on her grave was a single wildflower. It was swaying in a circle, just like her. I know now that, that special friend will be _____10_____ me always.
1. A. confident B. brave C. creative D. responsible
2. A. relief B. surprise C. annoyance D. confusion
3. A. would B. should C. might D. must
4. A. suffering B. expecting C. paying D. gaining
5. A. even B. almost C. still D. hardly
6. A. insisted B. realized C. agreed D. predicted
7. A. honest B. popular C. strong D. active
8. A. stopped B. expanded C. hurt D. rose
9. A. greatest B. hardest C. wisest D. warmest
10. A. above B. on C. with D. for
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Over the years, acupuncture (针灸) ____11____ (become) a global therapy. It has seen many advancements in scientific research and modern medicine. It is now a popular treatment for a variety of ____12____ (disease). According to a 2023 WHO report, acupuncture has been used in 113 member countries, ____13____ shows its widespread recognition and application.
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
As I walked through the square, I ____14____ (invite) to join a dance at the Malaysian booth. In no time, I found ____15____ (I) in the midst of a large dance circle. People from ____16____ (difference) backgrounds celebrated together with energetic movements and joyful laughter. Beside me were a girl from Inner Mongolia, China, and a girl from Russia ____17____ were excited to discover that their hometowns were right next to each other, despite being in different countries.
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
There is no question that the so-called meatless meat ____18____ (win) when it comes to the health of our planet. Plant-based meat, like all foods, has some impact on the environment, ____19____ it doesn’t come close to having the sort of impact on the planet that meat does. To see ____20____ the difference is, we have to look at a few key elements of environmental impact: water usage, land usage, and carbon emissions.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Harvard’s Pre-College Program is an intensive two-week summer program designed to give you a glimpse of college life. You will live on the Harvard campus during your two-week session while taking a college-level course with other Pre-College Program students. To enter Summer 2024, you must meet the criterion: being a high school graduate.
With almost 30 courses to choose from, you’re sure to find a topic that arouses your interest among the courses offered to Pre-College Program students. Although courses are non-credit (无学分的) and do not have letter grades, they are demanding. At the end of the program, you’ll receive a written evaluation from your teacher, as well as a Harvard transcript (成绩单) with your grade. This is a great way to help with your college application.
The total fee for a 2024 Harvard Pre-College Program session is $5,550. The program fee includes tuition (学费), a room and meal plan, activity costs, and an accident and sickness insurance plan for the full two weeks. There is also a $75 application fee. A limited number of scholarships are available to assist qualified students who need financial support.
Harvard’s Pre-College Program combines the hard work and strictness of an Ivy League education with the fun that comes with living, studying, and socializing with new friends. Whether you’re engaging in meaningful debate in class or exploring the Boston area, you’ll be creating memories that will last you a lifetime. The first step in your journey toward this amazing experience is plete our information request form to hear from us about important deadlines and helpful resources.
21. You can take part in the Harvard’s Pre-College Program if you ______.
A. have got Harvard’s offer B. have finished high school
C. have reached college level D. live on the Harvard campus
22. If you take the program, you ______.
A. need to pay the costs just for tuition and accommodation
B. will have a great chance to get the scholarships if you want
C. can enjoy the same resources at Harvard as regular students
D. will get a report from your teacher at the end of the program
23. What’s the main purpose of the passage
A To offer information about a summer program.
B. To introduce the benefits of a summer program.
C. To emphasize the importance of pre-college education.
D. To share an amazing experience on the Harvard campus.
B
On a summer morning, I woke up early, herded my three-and five-year-old daughters into the car, packed my friend and her two daughters into the car, and drove two hours to the New Jersey Shore, where we spread our towels on the beach by 10 a.m.
Out of nowhere, the girls took off running. About 50 yards from us, a man—maybe in his late 50s—was fishing with gigantic poles. The girls stood next to him and watched with their little mouths hanging open as he cast the lines. He smiled at them. They ran back to us — all except my three-year-old, Drew.
My brain immediately shot into Mama Bear mode: human trafficker (人贩子).
“Drew! Come here! Play with your friends!” I yelled, very aware that my speeches about not talking to strangers weren’t working. Good moms should be cautious. Good moms should teach their daughters that the world is a dangerous place. So I felt relieved when Drew trotted over to me and grabbed a shovel. Then she looked me in the eye, “I want to be with that man.” She ran back, sat down next to him, and started digging.
As I was thinking about what she was saying to him, she ran back to us, waving something very shiny and slimy. “A toy fish!” This must have been what he was using for bait. And he’d given it to Drew. The three other girls were impressed, and they all longed for the fish. Drew looked at me for help, then at the man, then back at me.
“My friend gave me that fish!” she protested. The sand turned into a preschool cage match with a yellow rubber fish flipping through the air. Tears were fast approaching. I felt like I might cry myself.
Suddenly, there he was. He was holding three more rubber fish and handed them to each of the girls. By their faces, you would have thought he was actually the really cute Jonas brother. “Thank you,” they said, without prompting.
“Thank you,” I said, realizing that yes, there is evil in the world... but there is also good, and kindness in strangers, and lessons for mothers to learn that only a three-year-old could teach them.
24. The author thought a good mom should ______.
A. allow her kids to relax B. care about her kids’ safety
C. take her kids to explore nature D. encourage her kids to share with others
25. What made the author change her attitude towards the man
A. The man letting Drew sit next to him. B. The man teaching the kids how to fish.
C. The man handing a rubber fish to Drew. D. The man handing extra rubber fish to the kids.
26. What can we learn from this passage
A. There is goodwill in the world. B. Children have their own blessings.
C. Everything comes to those who wait. D. Watch out for people with bad intentions.
C
In the story A Christmas Carol, the wealthy miser (吝啬鬼) Ebenezer Scrooge has a magical, life-changing epiphany (顿悟). Scrooge’s eyes are opened as to how his behavior affects other people—and he goes from a selfish grump to a generous benefactor overnight, thanks to visits from ghosts.
Scrooge’s transformation comes down to knowledge. But do people really want to know how their actions affect others As behavioral scientists, we wanted to understand just how common willful ignorance is—as well as why people engage in it.
Experiments were carried out to find answers. Researchers asked one member of each pair to choose between two options (选择) in one of two settings determining the earnings for themselves and their partner.
In the transparent setting, if they chose $5 for themselves, they knew their partner would also receive $5. If, however, they chose $6 for themselves, they knew their partner would receive only $1 in return.
In the ambiguous setting, there were two possible situations. In one, if the decision-maker selected $6 for themselves, their partner would receive $1, and if the decision-maker chose $5, their partner would receive $5. But in the other situation, the decision-maker could pick $6 and their partner would receive $5, or the decision-maker could select $5 and their partner would receive $1. The decision-maker knew these two systems—but they were not initially aware of which situation they were in. Interestingly, the decision-maker had the opportunity to resolve that ambiguity by clicking a button.
Across all studies, we found in the transparent setting 55% chose the altruistic option. In the ambiguous setting, however, 40% of participants chose to remain ignorant. 60% of people in the ignorant group chose a higher personal payout in situations where this choice came at the expense of their partner. Among those who requested more information, 36% knowingly kept a higher payout at a cost to their partner. Only 39% of people in the ambiguous setting made the choice that ultimately benefited their partner—a significant drop from 55% in the transparent condition.
But how do we know if ignorance in the ambiguous setting was willful We conducted a second analysis focused on what motivates people to seek information.
In this analysis we looked at how people who obtained additional information behaved in comparison with those who were given information. We found that people who chose to receive information in the ambiguous setting were seven percentage points more likely to make the altruistic choice than people in the transparent setting. By the same token, the finding also suggests ignorance prevents people from knowing how their actions harm others.
If we can avoid putting a strong moral emphasis on decisions, it may make people feel less threatened and, as a result, less willfully ignorant. We may not have Dickensian ghosts to guide us—but there are still steps we can take.
27. The author mentions Scrooge’s change mainly to ______.
A. draw a comparison B. introduce a topic
C. evaluate a character D. give an example
28. If the decision-maker chose to click the button in the ambiguous setting, they would ______.
A. drop out of the experiment B. know the situation they are in
C. receive the additional earnings D. switch to the other situation they prefer
29. What does the underlined word “altruistic” in Paragraph 6 most probably mean
A. Inadvisable. B. Selfless. C. Fair-minded. D. Unrealistic.
30. What can we learn from the passage
A. The ignorant group tend to sacrifice their own interest.
B. Moral evaluation might lead to more intentional ignorance.
C. There is no common payout system shared by both settings.
D. Avoiding information might make people feel like bad persons.
D
Debate about artificial intelligence (AI) tends to focus on its potential dangers: algorithmic bias (算法偏见) and discrimination, the mass destruction of jobs and even, some say, the extinction of humanity. However, others are focusing on the potential rewards. Luminaries in the field such as Demis Hassabis and Yann LeCun believe that AI can turbocharge scientific progress and lead to a golden age of discovery. Could they be right
Such claims are worth examining, and may provide a useful counterbalance to fears about large-scale unemployment and killer robots. Many previous technologies have, of course, been falsely hailed as panaceas (万灵药). But the mechanism by which AI will supposedly solve the world’s problems has a stronger historical basis.
In the 17th century microscopes and telescopes opened up new vistas of discovery and encouraged researchers to favor their own observations over the received wisdom of antiquity (古代), while the introduction of scientific journals gave them new ways to share and publicize their findings. Then, starting in the late 19th century, the establishment of research laboratories, which brought together ideas, people and materials on an industrial scale, gave rise to further innovations. From the mid-20th century, computers in turn enabled new forms of science based on simulation and modelling.
All this is to be welcomed. But the journal and the laboratory went further still: they altered scientific practice itself and unlocked more powerful means of making discoveries, by allowing people and ideas to mingle in new ways and on a larger scale. AI, too, has the potential to set off such a transformation.
Two areas in particular look promising. The first is “literature-based discovery” (LBD), which involves analyzing existing scientific literature, using ChatGPT-style language analysis, to look for new hypotheses, connections or ideas that humans may have missed. The second area is “robot scientists”. These are robotic systems that use AI to form new hypotheses, based on analysis of existing data and literature, and then test those hypotheses by performing hundreds or thousands of experiments, in fields including systems biology and materials science. Unlike human scientists, robots are less attached to previous results, less driven by bias—and, crucially, easy to replicate. They could scale up experimental research, develop unexpected theories and explore avenues that human investigators might not have considered.
The idea is therefore feasible. But the main barrier is sociological: it can happen only if human scientists are willing and able to use such tools. Governments could help by pressing for greater use of common standards to allow AI systems to exchange and interpret laboratory results and other data. They could also fun d more research into the integration of AI smarts with laboratory robotics, and into forms of AI beyond those being pursued in the private sector. Less fashionable forms of AI, such as model-based machine learning, may be better suited to scientific tasks such as forming hypotheses.
31. Regarding Demis and Yann’s viewpoint, the author is likely to be ______.
A. supportive B. puzzled C. unconcerned D. doubtful
32. What can we learn from the passage
A. LBD focuses on testing the reliability of ever-made hypotheses.
B. Resistance to AI prevents the transformation of scientific practice.
C. Robot scientists form hypotheses without considering previous studies.
D. Both journals and labs need adjustments in promoting scientific findings.
33. What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A. Official standards have facilitated the exchange of data.
B. Performing scientific tasks relies on government funding.
C. Less popular AI forms might be worth paying attention to.
D. The application of AI in public sector hasn’t been launched.
34. Which would be the best title for the passage
A. Transforming Science. How Can AI Help
B. Making Breakthroughs. What Is AI’s Strength
C. Reshaping History. How May AI Develop Further
D. Redefining Discovery. How Can AI Overcome Its Weakness
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Temptation (诱惑) is part of life. It is commonplace to find yourself in situations—for instance, choosing between a delicious dessert versus sticking to a diet, or playing video games instead of studying. ____35____. Successfully resisting (抵制) temptations is probably something you aim for.
Unsurprisingly, research shows that people with greater self-control experience benefits such as success at school and work and greater satisfaction in their relationships. But there’s growing evidence that self-control can also come with various downsides.
____36____ Imagine someone who always wakes up early, never allows for any distractions from their work, and sticks to a strict diet. You might view them as ambitious, because of their determination and discipline. However, for those same reasons, you might also view this person as mechanical, uninteresting, uptight or even cold. In fact, that’s what we’ve found in our research.
The hidden costs of high self-control also extend beyond the social area to affect a person’s emotional life. For instance, consider the experience of regret. Research has shown that, when people reflect on their more distant past, they tend to regret having too much self-control rather than not having enough. ____37____.
Even the positive beliefs that people hold about those who have high self-control, such as that they will perform better on group projects, can have negative effects. ____38____. That will lead them to feel more burdened by the dependence that others have on them. This increased exhaustion and sense of burden can reduce levels of satisfaction within those relationships.
Self-control is something nearly all of us try to be better at. But it’s also important to recognize that there can also be some costs to having limitless willpower. ____39____. By working to address the unfavorable outcomes related to high self-control, while continuing to pursue the favorable ones, we may each eventually find a healthy balance.
A. Self-disciplined people are less likely to forgive others.
B. People with higher self-control tend to enjoy better health in life.
C. We can all benefit from understanding both sides of this research literature.
D. Some of the costs of high self-control are social and reputational (有关声誉).
E. These ideas can create heightened expectations for the high self-control person.
F. So enacting this self-control may actually lead you to feel less satisfaction down the road.
G. During these times, you likely hope to make the ‘right’ decision that drives you towards your long-term goals.
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共12小题;共12分)
阅读下面文段，在设空处填入恰当的词或短语。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
40. Spring Festival is highly ______ by every Chinese family.(根据句意填空)
41. The moment I get on the train, I am ______ by Shanxi accents. (根据句意填空)
42. Festivals offer a sense of ______ for religious, social and geographical groups. (根据句意填空)
43. Now, festival celebrations have become more self-centered and are moving away from traditions. They are more focused on instant ______. (根据句意填空)
44. Traditional Chinese festivals are an important part of Chinese ______, and we must protect them. (根据句意填空)
45 Traditional festivals are a source of national pride and help ______ our national identity. (根据句意填空)
46. Digitizing ancient art allows us to explore the practices of long ago. It also makes the art ______ to the world. (根据句意填空)
47. Friends should focus more on face-to-face communication. This is the best way to ______ healthy friendships. (根据句意填空)
48 Important ______ skills are developed through direct contact with other people. (根据句意填空)
49. The Internet has also made our lives unbelievably ______, with all sorts of goods and services provided by electronic commerce. (根据句意填空)
50. The ______ Zhang Tian made to the village was great, so he became popular among the villagers. (根据句意填空)
51. Even a thirty-minute run will provide ______ from aches and tension that you may be suffering due to stress. (根据句意填空)
第二节(20分)
52. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你校公众号英语栏目正在举行题为“Celebrations and I”的征文活动。请你写一篇文章，介绍一个你难忘的庆祝活动，内容包括你的经历和感受。
习作要求主题鲜明、细节描述能体现主题；语言准确得体；词数 100左右。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________丰台区2023~2024学年度第一学期期末练习
高一英语
考生须知 1.答题前，考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、班级、姓名、教育ID号用黑色字迹签字笔填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的教育ID号、姓名，在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区”贴好条形码。 2.本次练习所有答题均在答题卡上完成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小题对应选项涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它选项。非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔书写，要求字体工整、字迹清楚。 3.请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在练习卷、草稿纸上答题无效。 4.本练习卷满分共100分，作答时长90分钟。
笔试(共三部分 100分)
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I had always wanted a dog. My parents told me when I was old enough and ___1___, I could have one.
One day I hopped off the bus, not knowing what awaited me inside. I walked through the door, and to my ___2___, a white and black puppy greeted me with many puppy kisses. A very special friendship was born that day.
She was a smart dog. We ___3___ play for hours, spending our days learning and growing together.
Eleven years we were together, best of friends. Unfortunately, arthritis (关节炎) and old age set in on her. My parents knew what had to be done, but they let me find and make the decision myself.
She was ___4___ so much and the medicine didn’t seem to help anymore. She could ___5___ walk. I looked into those deep brown eyes and ___6___ it was time to let her go.
I carried her into the vet’s (兽医诊所) and placed her on the table. She leaned her head forward and gave a lick to my hand as if to say, “I understand. Stay ___7___.” Her tail was wagging (摆动) in a circle as always.
The vet asked before giving the final shot, “Are you sure ” With a heavy heart and tear-filled eyes, I nodded yes. The final shot was given. My eyes fixed upon her wagging tail. In a matter of seconds, it ___8___. The vet listened for a heartbeat, and said, “It’s over.”
I took her home and buried her in the pasture, where she loved playing and chasing rabbits. It was the ___9___ thing I had ever done.
Recently I went back to her grave. Growing on her grave was a single wildflower. It was swaying in a circle, just like her. I know now that, that special friend will be _____10_____ me always.
1. A. confident B. brave C. creative D. responsible
2. A. relief B. surprise C. annoyance D. confusion
3. A. would B. should C. might D. must
4. A. suffering B. expecting C. paying D. gaining
5. A. even B. almost C. still D. hardly
6. A. insisted B. realized C. agreed D. predicted
7. A. honest B. popular C. strong D. active
8. A. stopped B. expanded C. hurt D. rose
9. A. greatest B. hardest C. wisest D. warmest
10. A. above B. on C. with D. for
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者与一只黑白相间的小狗之间深厚的友情。
【1题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我父母告诉我，当我足够大，有责任心的时候，我可以有一个。A. confident自信的；B. brave勇敢的；C. creative创造性的；D. responsible有责任心的。根据上文“old enough(足够大)”以及下文“I could have one(我可以拥有一个)”可知，空白处应填表示“有责任心的”含义的形容词，故选D项。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我穿过门，令我惊喜的是，一只黑白相间的小狗向我献上了许多小狗的吻。A. relief宽慰；B. surprise惊喜；C. annoyance恼怒；D. confusion混乱。根据下文“a white and black puppy greeted me with many puppy kisses(一只黑白相间的小狗向我献上了许多小狗的吻)”可知，小狗的出现，让作者感到惊喜，故选B项。
【3题详解】
考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：她是一只聪明的狗。我们会玩上几个小时，每天一起学习和成长。A. would总是（表示过去反复发生的动作）；B. should应该；C. might可能；D. must必须。根据下文“play for hours, spending our days learning and growing together(玩上几个小时，每天一起学习和成长)”可知，句子表示的是一个在过去反复发生的动作，使用情态动词would表示“总是”含义，故选A项。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她很痛苦，药物似乎不再有帮助。A. suffering受苦；B. expecting期待；C. paying支付；D. gaining获得。根据下文“the medicine didn’t seem to help anymore(药物似乎不再有帮助)”可知，这里说的是正在遭受着疾病带来的痛苦，故选A项。
【5题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她几乎不能走路。A. even甚至；B. almost几乎；C. still仍旧；D. hardly几乎不。根据下文“it was time to let her go(该到了放手的时候了)”可知，此处上下文说的是她几乎不能走路了，故选D项。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看着那双深棕色的眼睛，意识到是时候让她走了。A. insisted坚持；B. realized意识到；C. agreed同意；D. predicted预料。根据下文“it was time to let her go(该到了放手的时候了)”可知，这是作者意识到的内容，故选B项。
【7题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她把头前倾，舔了舔我的手，好像在说：“我明白。保持坚强。”A. honest诚实的；B. popular流行的；C. strong坚强的；D. active积极的。根据上文“She leaned her head forward and gave a lick to my hand as if to say, “I understand(她把头前倾，舔了舔我的手，好像在说：“我明白”)”可知，狗把头前倾，舔了舔作者的手，似乎在安慰作者，分析选项，C项“strong坚强的”表示的含义符合语境，故选C项。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：几秒钟后，它停止了。A. stopped停止；B. expanded扩张；C. hurt伤害；D. rose升起。根据下文“It’s over(结束了)”可推理出，狗的尾巴停止了摆动，故选A项。
【9题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是我做过的最艰难的事情。A. greatest最伟大的；B. hardest最艰难的；C. wisest最聪明的；D. warmest最温暖的。根据上文“I took her home and buried her in the pasture, where she loved playing and chasing rabbits(我把她带回家，埋在牧场上，她喜欢在那里玩耍和追逐兔子)”可知，作者要把心爱的狗埋在牧场，让作者想起了之前的快乐时光，可推理出作者感到很艰难，故选B项。
【10题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：我现在知道了，那个特别的朋友将永远和我在一起。A. above大于；B. on在……上；C. with与……一起；D. for为了。根据上文“Growing on her grave was a single wildflower. It was swaying in a circle, just like her(她的坟墓上长着一朵野花。它像她一样绕着圈子摇摆)”可知，一朵野花让作者联想到了狗，可推理出此处上下文说的是作者联想到了狗和她永远在一起，be with sb为固定短语，含义为“与……在一起”，符合句意，故选C项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Over the years, acupuncture (针灸) ____11____ (become) a global therapy. It has seen many advancements in scientific research and modern medicine. It is now a popular treatment for a variety of ____12____ (disease). According to a 2023 WHO report, acupuncture has been used in 113 member countries, ____13____ shows its widespread recognition and application.
【答案】11. has become
12. diseases
13. which
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了针灸疗法在全球范围内的发展。
【11题详解】
考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：多年来，针灸已经成为一种全球性的治疗方法。分析句子可知，become(变成，成为)是句中谓语动词，与主语acupuncture (针灸)之间是主动关系，结合时间状语Over the years可知，讲述从过去持续到现在的事情，应使用现在完成时态，又因主语是单数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用现在完成时的主动语态，单数形式。故填has become。
【12题详解】
考查名词。句意：它现在是一种治疗多种疾病的流行疗法。可数名词disease作宾语，有“a variety of(各种各样的)”修饰，用复数形式。故填diseases。
【13题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：根据世界卫生组织2023年的一份报告，针灸已在113个成员国中使用，这表明针灸得到了广泛的认可和应用。分析句子可知，空格处单词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，“针灸已在113个成员国中使用”这件事情在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
As I walked through the square, I ____14____ (invite) to join a dance at the Malaysian booth. In no time, I found ____15____ (I) in the midst of a large dance circle. People from ____16____ (difference) backgrounds celebrated together with energetic movements and joyful laughter. Beside me were a girl from Inner Mongolia, China, and a girl from Russia ____17____ were excited to discover that their hometowns were right next to each other, despite being in different countries.
【答案】14. was invited
15. myself 16. different
17. who##that
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者参加马来西亚展台的一个舞会的经历。
【14题详解】
考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：当我穿过广场时，我被邀请去参加马来西亚展台的一个舞会。根据“walked”可知，此处为一般过去时，主语I和invite为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为I，be动词用was。故填was invited。
【15题详解】
考查代词。句意：很快，我发现自己置身于一个巨大的舞蹈圈之中。句子的主语和宾语一致，需用I对应的反身代词myself，作宾语。故填myself。
【16题详解】
考查形容词。句意：来自不同背景的人们用充满活力的动作和欢乐的笑声一起庆祝。修饰名词backgrounds，需用形容词different，作定语。故填different。
【17题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：我身边有一个来自中国内蒙古的女孩和一个来自俄罗斯的女孩，她们很兴奋地发现，尽管身处不同的国家，但她们的家乡却近在咫尺。空处引导定语从句，先行词a girl，指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词who/that引导。故填who/that。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
There is no question that the so-called meatless meat ____18____ (win) when it comes to the health of our planet. Plant-based meat, like all foods, has some impact on the environment, ____19____ it doesn’t come close to having the sort of impact on the planet that meat does. To see ____20____ the difference is, we have to look at a few key elements of environmental impact: water usage, land usage, and carbon emissions.
【答案】18. wins
19. but 20. what
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。植物性肉类对环境有一定影响，但它对地球的影响远不及肉类。要了解其中的差异，我们必须了解环境影响的几个关键要素：用水量、土地使用量和碳排放量。
【18题详解】
考查时态。句意：毫无疑问，就地球的健康而言，所谓的无肉肉类获胜。此处在主句中作谓语，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，主语是meat，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，故填wins。
【19题详解】
考查连词。句意：与所有食物一样，植物性肉类对环境有一定影响，但它对地球的影响远不及肉类。句子“Plant-based meat, like all foods, has some impact on the environment,”和句子“it doesn’t come close to having the sort of impact on the planet that meat does.”是转折关系，应用转折连词but，故填but。
【20题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：要了解其中的差异，我们必须了解环境影响的几个关键要素：用水量、土地使用量和碳排放量。空处引导宾语从句，连接词在从句中作表语，指物，应用what引导宾语从句，故填what。
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Harvard’s Pre-College Program is an intensive two-week summer program designed to give you a glimpse of college life. You will live on the Harvard campus during your two-week session while taking a college-level course with other Pre-College Program students. To enter Summer 2024, you must meet the criterion: being a high school graduate.
With almost 30 courses to choose from, you’re sure to find a topic that arouses your interest among the courses offered to Pre-College Program students. Although courses are non-credit (无学分的) and do not have letter grades, they are demanding. At the end of the program, you’ll receive a written evaluation from your teacher, as well as a Harvard transcript (成绩单) with your grade. This is a great way to help with your college application.
The total fee for a 2024 Harvard Pre-College Program session is $5,550. The program fee includes tuition (学费), a room and meal plan, activity costs, and an accident and sickness insurance plan for the full two weeks. There is also a $75 application fee. A limited number of scholarships are available to assist qualified students who need financial support.
Harvard’s Pre-College Program combines the hard work and strictness of an Ivy League education with the fun that comes with living, studying, and socializing with new friends. Whether you’re engaging in meaningful debate in class or exploring the Boston area, you’ll be creating memories that will last you a lifetime. The first step in your journey toward this amazing experience is plete our information request form to hear from us about important deadlines and helpful resources.
21. You can take part in the Harvard’s Pre-College Program if you ______.
A. have got Harvard’s offer B. have finished high school
C. have reached college level D. live on the Harvard campus
22. If you take the program, you ______.
A. need to pay the costs just for tuition and accommodation
B. will have a great chance to get the scholarships if you want
C. can enjoy the same resources at Harvard as regular students
D. will get a report from your teacher at the end of the program
23. What’s the main purpose of the passage
A. To offer information about a summer program.
B. To introduce the benefits of a summer program.
C. To emphasize the importance of pre-college education.
D. To share an amazing experience on the Harvard campus.
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了哈佛大学预科课程，介绍了课程时间、课程设置以及费用等信息。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“You will live on the Harvard campus during your two-week session while taking a college-level course with other Pre-College Program students. To enter Summer 2024, you must meet the criterion: being a high school graduate.(在为期两周的学习期间，你将住在哈佛大学校园里，与其他大学预科项目的学生一起学习大学水平的课程。要进入2024年夏季，你必须符合标准:高中毕业生)”可知，如果你已经完成高中学业，你可以参加哈佛大学预科项目。故选B。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“At the end of the program, you’ll receive a written evaluation from your teacher, as well as a Harvard transcript (成绩单) with your grade.(在课程结束时，你会收到老师的书面评估，以及一份哈佛成绩单和你的成绩)”可知，如果你参加了这个项目，在项目结束时你会收到老师的一份报告。故选D。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Harvard’s Pre-College Program is an intensive two-week summer program designed to give you a glimpse of college life.(哈佛大学预科课程是一个为期两周的暑期密集课程，旨在让你对大学生活有一个初步的了解)”结合文章主要介绍了哈佛大学预科课程，介绍了课程时间、课程设置以及费用等信息。可推知，文章的主要目的是提供暑期项目的信息。故选A。
B
On a summer morning, I woke up early, herded my three-and five-year-old daughters into the car, packed my friend and her two daughters into the car, and drove two hours to the New Jersey Shore, where we spread our towels on the beach by 10 a.m.
Out of nowhere, the girls took off running. About 50 yards from us, a man—maybe in his late 50s—was fishing with gigantic poles. The girls stood next to him and watched with their little mouths hanging open as he cast the lines. He smiled at them. They ran back to us — all except my three-year-old, Drew.
My brain immediately shot into Mama Bear mode: human trafficker (人贩子).
“Drew! Come here! Play with your friends!” I yelled, very aware that my speeches about not talking to strangers weren’t working. Good moms should be cautious. Good moms should teach their daughters that the world is a dangerous place. So I felt relieved when Drew trotted over to me and grabbed a shovel. Then she looked me in the eye, “I want to be with that man.” She ran back, sat down next to him, and started digging.
As I was thinking about what she was saying to him, she ran back to us, waving something very shiny and slimy. “A toy fish!” This must have been what he was using for bait. And he’d given it to Drew. The three other girls were impressed, and they all longed for the fish. Drew looked at me for help, then at the man, then back at me.
“My friend gave me that fish!” she protested. The sand turned into a preschool cage match with a yellow rubber fish flipping through the air. Tears were fast approaching. I felt like I might cry myself.
Suddenly, there he was. He was holding three more rubber fish and handed them to each of the girls. By their faces, you would have thought he was actually the really cute Jonas brother. “Thank you,” they said, without prompting.
“Thank you,” I said, realizing that yes, there is evil in the world... but there is also good, and kindness in strangers, and lessons for mothers to learn that only a three-year-old could teach them.
24. The author thought a good mom should ______.
A. allow her kids to relax B. care about her kids’ safety
C. take her kids to explore nature D. encourage her kids to share with others
25. What made the author change her attitude towards the man
A. The man letting Drew sit next to him. B. The man teaching the kids how to fish.
C. The man handing a rubber fish to Drew. D. The man handing extra rubber fish to the kids.
26. What can we learn from this passage
A. There is goodwill in the world. B. Children have their own blessings.
C. Everything comes to those who wait. D. Watch out for people with bad intentions.
【答案】24. B 25. D 26. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和朋友带孩子们去海滩玩耍，作者对陌生人心存警戒防备之心，但孩子们都愿意和陌生人交往。后来陌生人善良举动让作者明白：世上不止有邪恶，更有善良。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“I yelled, very aware that my speeches about not talking to strangers weren’t working. Good moms should be cautious. Good moms should teach their daughters that the world is a dangerous place.( 我大声喊道，很清楚我那些关于不要和陌生人说话的演讲不起作用。好妈妈应该谨慎。好妈妈应该告诉她们的女儿，世界是一个危险的地方。)”可推知，作者认为一个好妈妈应该关心孩子的安全。故选B。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Suddenly, there he was. He was holding three more rubber fish and handed them to each of the girls.(突然，他出现了。他手里又拿着三条橡皮鱼，递给每个女孩。)”可知，那个给孩子们额外送橡皮鱼的人使作者改变了对他的态度。故选D。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“but there is also good, and kindness in strangers, and lessons for mothers to learn that only a three-year-old could teach them.(但陌生人身上也有好的和善良的一面，只有三岁的孩子才能教会母亲们的经验教训。)”可知，从文章中我们可以知道世界上有善良。故选A。
C
In the story A Christmas Carol, the wealthy miser (吝啬鬼) Ebenezer Scrooge has a magical, life-changing epiphany (顿悟). Scrooge’s eyes are opened as to how his behavior affects other people—and he goes from a selfish grump to a generous benefactor overnight, thanks to visits from ghosts.
Scrooge’s transformation comes down to knowledge. But do people really want to know how their actions affect others As behavioral scientists, we wanted to understand just how common willful ignorance is—as well as why people engage in it.
Experiments were carried out to find answers. Researchers asked one member of each pair to choose between two options (选择) in one of two settings, determining the earnings for themselves and their partner.
In the transparent setting, if they chose $5 for themselves, they knew their partner would also receive $5. If, however, they chose $6 for themselves, they knew their partner would receive only $1 in return.
In the ambiguous setting, there were two possible situations. In one, if the decision-maker selected $6 for themselves, their partner would receive $1, and if the decision-maker chose $5, their partner would receive $5. But in the other situation, the decision-maker could pick $6 and their partner would receive $5, or the decision-maker could select $5 and their partner would receive $1. The decision-maker knew these two systems—but they were not initially aware of which situation they were in. Interestingly, the decision-maker had the opportunity to resolve that ambiguity by clicking a button.
Across all studies, we found in the transparent setting 55% chose the altruistic option. In the ambiguous setting, however, 40% of participants chose to remain ignorant. 60% of people in the ignorant group chose a higher personal payout in situations where this choice came at the expense of their partner. Among those who requested more information, 36% knowingly kept a higher payout at a cost to their partner. Only 39% of people in the ambiguous setting made the choice that ultimately benefited their partner—a significant drop from 55% in the transparent condition.
But how do we know if ignorance in the ambiguous setting was willful We conducted a second analysis focused on what motivates people to seek information.
In this analysis we looked at how people who obtained additional information behaved in comparison with those who were given information. We found that people who chose to receive information in the ambiguous setting were seven percentage points more likely to make the altruistic choice than people in the transparent setting. By the same token, the finding also suggests ignorance prevents people from knowing how their actions harm others.
If we can avoid putting a strong moral emphasis on decisions, it may make people feel less threatened and, as a result, less willfully ignorant. We may not have Dickensian ghosts to guide us—but there are still steps we can take.
27. The author mentions Scrooge’s change mainly to ______.
A draw a comparison B. introduce a topic
C. evaluate a character D. give an example
28. If the decision-maker chose to click the button in the ambiguous setting, they would ______.
A. drop out of the experiment B. know the situation they are in
C. receive the additional earnings D. switch to the other situation they prefer
29. What does the underlined word “altruistic” in Paragraph 6 most probably mean
A. Inadvisable. B. Selfless. C. Fair-minded. D. Unrealistic.
30. What can we learn from the passage
A. The ignorant group tend to sacrifice their own interest.
B. Moral evaluation might lead to more intentional ignorance.
C. There is no common payout system shared by both settings.
D. Avoiding information might make people feel like bad persons.
【答案】27. B 28. B 29. B 30. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。人们想知道自己的行为如何影响他人，作为行为科学家，为了了解人们故意让自己不知道的情况有多普遍，以及人们为何会这样做，科学家进行了一项研究。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Scrooge’s transformation comes down to knowledge. But do people really want to know how their actions affect others As behavioral scientists, we wanted to understand just how common willful ignorance is—as well as why people engage in it.(斯克鲁奇的转变归结于知识。但人们真的想知道他们的行为如何影响他人吗？作为行为科学家，我们想要了解故意使自己不知道的情况有多普遍，以及人们为何会这样做。)”可推知，作者提到斯克鲁奇的改变主要是为了引出文章话题——科学家想知道故意让自己不知道的情况有多普遍，以及人们为何会这样做，故选B。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“In the ambiguous setting, there were two possible situations...The decision-maker knew these two systems—but they were not initially aware of which situation they were in. Interestingly, the decision-maker had the opportunity to resolve that ambiguity by clicking a button.(在模棱两可的环境中，有两种可能的情况……决策者知道这两个系统，但他们最初并不知道自己处于哪种情况。有趣的是，决策者有机会通过单击按钮来解决这种模棱两可的情况。)”可知，如果决策者选择在不明确的设置中单击按钮，他们会了解他们所处的情况，故选B。
29题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文“Only 39% of people in the ambiguous setting made the choice that ultimately benefited their partner—a significant drop from 55% in the transparent condition.(在模棱两可的环境中，只有39%的人做出了最终有利于伴侣的选择——与公开环境下的55%相比，这一比例显着下降。)”可知，在模棱两可的环境中，只有39%的人做出了最终有利于伴侣的选择，这与公开环境下的55%明显下降，由此可推知，55%的人在公开的环境中选的是的利于他人的选择，划线单词altruistic意为“利于他人的”，与B项“Selfless. (无私的)”意思一样，故选B。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“If we can avoid putting a strong moral emphasis on decisions, it may make people feel less threatened and, as a result, less willfully ignorant. (如果我们能够避免在决策中过分强调道德，可能会减少人们的威胁感，从而减少故意无知的情况。)”可推知，道德评价可能会导致更多的故意无知。故选B。
D
Debate about artificial intelligence (AI) tends to focus on its potential dangers: algorithmic bias (算法偏见) and discrimination, the mass destruction of jobs and even, some say, the extinction of humanity. However, others are focusing on the potential rewards. Luminaries in the field such as Demis Hassabis and Yann LeCun believe that AI can turbocharge scientific progress and lead to a golden age of discovery. Could they be right
Such claims are worth examining, and may provide a useful counterbalance to fears about large-scale unemployment and killer robots. Many previous technologies have, of course, been falsely hailed as panaceas (万灵药). But the mechanism by which AI will supposedly solve the world’s problems has a stronger historical basis.
In the 17th century microscopes and telescopes opened up new vistas of discovery and encouraged researchers to favor their own observations over the received wisdom of antiquity (古代), while the introduction of scientific journals gave them new ways to share and publicize their findings. Then, starting in the late 19th century, the establishment of research laboratories, which brought together ideas, people and materials on an industrial scale, gave rise to further innovations. From the mid-20th century, computers in turn enabled new forms of science based on simulation and modelling.
All this is to be welcomed. But the journal and the laboratory went further still: they altered scientific practice itself and unlocked more powerful means of making discoveries, by allowing people and ideas to mingle in new ways and on a larger scale. AI, too, has the potential to set off such a transformation.
Two areas in particular look promising. The first is “literature-based discovery” (LBD), which involves analyzing existing scientific literature, using ChatGPT-style language analysis, to look for new hypotheses, connections or ideas that humans may have missed. The second area is “robot scientists”. These are robotic systems that use AI to form new hypotheses, based on analysis of existing data and literature, and then test those hypotheses by performing hundreds or thousands of experiments, in fields including systems biology and materials science. Unlike human scientists, robots are less attached to previous results, less driven by bias—and, crucially, easy to replicate. They could scale up experimental research, develop unexpected theories and explore avenues that human investigators might not have considered.
The idea is therefore feasible. But the main barrier is sociological: it can happen only if human scientists are willing and able to use such tools. Governments could help by pressing for greater use of common standards to allow AI systems to exchange and interpret laboratory results and other data. They could also fun d more research into the integration of AI smarts with laboratory robotics, and into forms of AI beyond those being pursued in the private sector. Less fashionable forms of AI, such as model-based machine learning, may be better suited to scientific tasks such as forming hypotheses.
31. Regarding Demis and Yann’s viewpoint, the author is likely to be ______.
A. supportive B. puzzled C. unconcerned D. doubtful
32. What can we learn from the passage
A. LBD focuses on testing the reliability of ever-made hypotheses.
B. Resistance to AI prevents the transformation of scientific practice.
C. Robot scientists form hypotheses without considering previous studies.
D. Both journals and labs need adjustments in promoting scientific findings.
33. What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A. Official standards have facilitated the exchange of data.
B. Performing scientific tasks relies on government funding.
C. Less popular AI forms might be worth paying attention to.
D. The application of AI in public sector hasn’t been launched.
34. Which would be the best title for the passage
A Transforming Science. How Can AI Help
B. Making Breakthroughs. What Is AI’s Strength
C. Reshaping History. How May AI Develop Further
D. Redefining Discovery. How Can AI Overcome Its Weakness
【答案】31. A 32. B 33. C 34. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能可以改变科学实践，以及人工智能是如何帮助改变科学实践的。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Luminaries in the field such as Demis Hassabis and Yann LeCun believe that AI can turbocharge scientific progress and lead to a golden age of discovery.(Demis Hassabis和Yann LeCun等该领域的杰出人物相信人工智能可以推动科学进步并引领发现的黄金时代)”和第二段中“Such claims are worth examining, and may provide a useful counterbalance to fears about large-scale unemployment and killer robots. Many previous technologies have, of course, been falsely hailed as panaceas (万灵药). But the mechanism by which AI will supposedly solve the world’s problems has a stronger historical basis.(这些说法值得研究，并且可能为人们对大规模失业和杀手机器人的担忧提供有用的平衡。当然，许多以前的技术被错误地誉为万灵药。但人工智能解决世界问题的机制有着更强有力的历史基础)”可知，作者认为Demis和Yann的观点值得研究，且认为人工智能解决世界问题的机制有着更强有力的历史基础。由此推知，作者可能支持Demis和Yann的观点——人工智能可以推动科学进步并引领发现的黄金时代。故选A。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“But the journal and the laboratory went further still: they altered scientific practice itself and unlocked more powerful means of making discoveries, by allowing people and ideas to mingle in new ways and on a larger scale. AI, too, has the potential to set off such a transformation.(但该杂志和实验室走得更远：它们改变了科学实践本身，并通过允许人和思想以新的方式和更大规模的融合，开启了更强大的发现手段。人工智能也有可能引发这样的转变)”可知，人工智能能引起科学实践的改变。由此推知，对人工智能的抵制阻碍科学实践的转变。故选B。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Less fashionable forms of AI, such as model-based machine learning, may be better suited to scientific tasks such as forming hypotheses.(如基于模型的机器学习这种不太流行的人工智能形式，可能更适合科学任务，例如形成假设)”可知，不太流行的人工智能形式，可能更适合科学任务。由此推知，不太流行的人工智能形式可能值得关注。故选C。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。通读第一段到第四段，尤其是第一段中“Luminaries in the field such as Demis Hassabis and Yann LeCun believe that AI can turbocharge scientific progress and lead to a golden age of discovery.(Demis Hassabis和 Yann LeCun等该领域的杰出人物相信人工智能可以推动科学进步并引领发现的黄金时代) ”和第四段中“AI, too, has the potential to set off such a transformation.(人工智能也有可能引发这样的转变)”可知，前四段指出人工智能可以实现科学时间的转变，接着根据第五段中“Two areas in particular look promising.(有两个领域看起来尤其有希望)”可知，第五段介绍了人工智能从两个领域改变科学实践，最后一段总结人工智能改变科学实践是可行的。由此可知，文章主要介绍了人工智能是如何帮助改变科学的。A项“改变科学。人工智能有何帮助？”适合作文章标题。故选A。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Temptation (诱惑) is part of life. It is commonplace to find yourself in situations—for instance, choosing between a delicious dessert versus sticking to a diet, or playing video games instead of studying. ____35____. Successfully resisting (抵制) temptations is probably something you aim for.
Unsurprisingly, research shows that people with greater self-control experience benefits such as success at school and work and greater satisfaction in their relationships. But there’s growing evidence that self-control can also come with various downsides.
____36____ Imagine someone who always wakes up early, never allows for any distractions from their work, and sticks to a strict diet. You might view them as ambitious, because of their determination and discipline. However, for those same reasons, you might also view this person as mechanical, uninteresting, uptight or even cold. In fact, that’s what we’ve found in our research.
The hidden costs of high self-control also extend beyond the social area to affect a person’s emotional life. For instance, consider the experience of regret. Research has shown that, when people reflect on their more distant past, they tend to regret having too much self-control rather than not having enough. ____37____.
Even the positive beliefs that people hold about those who have high self-control such as that they will perform better on group projects, can have negative effects. ____38____. That will lead them to feel more burdened by the dependence that others have on them. This increased exhaustion and sense of burden can reduce levels of satisfaction within those relationships.
Self-control is something nearly all of us try to be better at. But it’s also important to recognize that there can also be some costs to having limitless willpower. ____39____. By working to address the unfavorable outcomes related to high self-control, while continuing to pursue the favorable ones, we may each eventually find a healthy balance.
A. Self-disciplined people are less likely to forgive others.
B. People with higher self-control tend to enjoy better health in life.
C. We can all benefit from understanding both sides of this research literature.
D. Some of the costs of high self-control are social and reputational (有关声誉的).
E. These ideas can create heightened expectations for the high self-control person.
F. So enacting this self-control may actually lead you to feel less satisfaction down the road.
G. During these times, you likely hope to make the ‘right’ decision that drives you towards your long-term goals.
【答案】35. G 36. D 37. F 38. E 39. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了自我控制会带来的一些负面影响。
【35题详解】
根据上文“It is commonplace to find yourself in situations—for instance, choosing between a delicious dessert versus sticking to a diet, or playing video games instead of studying. (我们经常会发现自己处于这样的境地——例如，在美味的甜点和坚持节食之间做出选择，或者在玩电子游戏而不是学习之间做出选择。)”和下文“Successfully resisting (抵制) temptations is probably something you aim for. (成功抵抗诱惑可能是你的目标。)”可知，空处承上启下，指出在这些情况下，你可能会做出正确的选择。G项中的“these times”和上文的“situations”对应，G项中的“goals”和下文中的“something you aim for”对应。G项：During these times, you likely hope to make the ‘right’ decision that drives you towards your long-term goals. (在这段时间里，你可能希望做出“正确”的决定，推动你朝着长期目标前进。)符合语境。故选G。
【36题详解】
根据下文“Imagine someone who always wakes up early, never allows for any distractions from their work, and sticks to a strict diet. You might view them as ambitious, because of their determination and discipline. However, for those same reasons, you might also view this person as mechanical, uninteresting, uptight or even cold. (想象一下，一个人总是早起，从不允许任何工作分心，并坚持严格的饮食。你可能会认为他们雄心勃勃，因为他们的决心和纪律。然而，出于同样的原因，你也可能认为这个人呆板、无趣、紧张甚至冷漠。)”可知，本段主要讲述了高度的自我控制往往是要付出社会的和名声的代价。D项中的“social and reputational”与下文中的“you might also view this person as mechanical, uninteresting, uptight or even cold”对应。D项：Some of the costs of high self-control are social and reputational (有关声誉的). (高度自我控制的一些代价是有关社会的和名誉的。)符合语境。故选D。
【37题详解】
根据上文“Research has shown that, when people reflect on their more distant past, they tend to regret having too much self-control rather than not having enough. (研究表明，当人们回想起遥远的过去时，他们往往会后悔自己控制得太多，而不是不够。)”可知，空处说明自我控制太多会造成的后果，和上文形成因果关系。F项：So enacting this self-control may actually lead you to feel less satisfaction down the road. (因此，实行这种自我控制实际上可能会导致你在未来的道路上感到更少的满足感。)符合语境。故选F。
【38题详解】
根据上文“Even the positive beliefs that people hold about those who have high self-control, such as that they will perform better on group projects, can have negative effects. (即使是人们对自制力强的人持有的积极信念，比如他们会在小组项目中表现得更好，也会产生负面影响。)”可知，空处承接上文，具体说明这些积极信念可能会导致的负面影响。E项中的“these ideas”指代上文中的“the positive beliefs”.E项：These ideas can create heightened expectations for the high self-control person. (这些想法会对高自控能力的人产生更高的期望。)符合语境。故选E。
【39题详解】
根据上文“Self-control is something nearly all of us try to be better at. But it’s also important to recognize that there can also be some costs to having limitless willpower. (自我控制几乎是我们所有人都想要提高的。但同样重要的是要认识到，拥有无限的意志力也会有一些代价。)”可知，上文提到了自我控制的两个方面影响，空处承接上文，说明我们可以通过了解这篇文献受益。C项：We can all benefit from understanding both sides of this research literature. (我们都能从了解研究文献的两个方面中受益。)符合语境。故选C。
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共12小题;共12分)
阅读下面文段，在设空处填入恰当的词或短语。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
40. Spring Festival is highly ______ by every Chinese family.(根据句意填空)
【答案】valued
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：春节是每个中国家庭都非常重视的节日。根据句意“重视”可知，此处为动词value，Spring Festival和value为被动关系，需用被动语态，已有be动词is，空处需填过去分词。故填valued。
41. The moment I get on the train, I am ______ by Shanxi accents. (根据句意填空)
【答案】surrounded
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：一上火车，我就被山西口音包围了。根据句意可知，此处表示“包围”为动词surround，和主语I是被动关系，应用过去分词形式与am构成一般现在时的被动语态，故填surrounded。
42. Festivals offer a sense of ______ for religious, social and geographical groups. (根据句意填空)
【答案】belonging
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：节日为宗教、社会和地理群体提供了归属感。根据句意， 表示“归属”，用名词belonging作介词宾语；a sense of belonging“归属感”。故填belonging。
43. Now, festival celebrations have become more self-centered and are moving away from traditions. They are more focused on instant ______. (根据句意填空)
【答案】satisfaction
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：现在，节日庆祝活动变得更加以自我为中心，并且正在远离传统。他们更注重即时的满足感。根据句意可知，此处表示“满足”为名词satisfaction作宾语，不可数，instant satisfaction意为“即时满足”，故填satisfaction。
44. Traditional Chinese festivals are an important part of Chinese ______, and we must protect them. (根据句意填空)
【答案】culture
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：中国传统节日是中国文化的重要组成部分，我们必须保护它们。根据句意“文化”可知，空处需填名词culture，作宾语。故填culture。
45. Traditional festivals are a source of national pride and help ______ our national identity. (根据句意填空)
【答案】reshape
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：传统节日是民族自豪感的源泉，有助于重塑我们的民族认同。根据句意“重塑”可知，此处为动词reshape，help do sth.为固定搭配，意为“帮助做某事”。故填reshape。
46. Digitizing ancient art allows us to explore the practices of long ago. It also makes the art ______ to the world. (根据句意填空)
【答案】accessible
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：将古代艺术数字化使我们能够探索很久以前的实践。它还使艺术走向世界。根据句意可知，此处表示“可使用的，可到达的”，为形容词accessible，作宾语补足语，故填accessible。
47. Friends should focus more on face-to-face communication. This is the best way to ______ healthy friendships. (根据句意填空)
【答案】maintain
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：朋友之间应该多面对面交流。这是保持健康友谊的最好方法。根据句意“维持，保持”可知，此处为动词maintain，需填动词原形和to构成动词不定式，修饰名词way。故填maintain。
48. Important ______ skills are developed through direct contact with other people. (根据句意填空)
【答案】social
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：重要的社交技能是通过与他人的直接接触而发展的。根据句意可知，此处表示“社交的”，为形容词social作定语，修饰名词skills，故填social。
49. The Internet has also made our lives unbelievably ______, with all sorts of goods and services provided by electronic commerce. (根据句意填空)
【答案】convenient
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：互联网也给我们的生活带来了难以置信的便利，电子商务提供了各种各样的商品和服务。根据句中“with all sorts of goods and services provided by electronic commerce”可推知，电子商务带来巨大“便利”，用形容词convenient作宾语补足语，符合语境。故填convenient。
50. The ______ Zhang Tian made to the village was great, so he became popular among the villagers. (根据句意填空)
【答案】contribution
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：张天对村子的贡献很大，所以他很受村民们的欢迎。根据句意“贡献”和定冠词the可知，此处为名词contribution，作主语，结合was可知填入单数形式即可。故填contribution。
51. Even a thirty-minute run will provide ______ from aches and tension that you may be suffering due to stress. (根据句意填空)
【答案】relief
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：即使是30分钟的跑步也能缓解你可能因压力而遭受的疼痛和紧张。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作宾语，使用名词，根据下文“from aches and tension that you may be suffering due to stress(因压力而遭受的疼痛和紧张)”可推理出空白处填表示“缓解”含义的名词relief，故填relief。
第二节(20分)
52. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你校公众号英语栏目正在举行题为“Celebrations and I”的征文活动。请你写一篇文章，介绍一个你难忘的庆祝活动，内容包括你的经历和感受。
习作要求主题鲜明、细节描述能体现主题；语言准确得体；词数 100左右。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Celebrations and I
There are many memorable things in my life. The most unforgettable thing happened on my birthday.
Before the birthday, I invited my best friend to come to my party. She was happy to promise that she would come. However, the two of us had a conflict over something. I thought she would not come to celebrate my birthday. Surprisingly, she showed up and apologized to me. We two made up again.
She gave me a doll which I longed for a long time. We talked and played games, which made me so happy. I understand what is real friendship.
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。要求考生以题为“Celebrations and I”写一篇文章，介绍一个你难忘的庆祝活动，内容包括你的经历和感受。
【详解】1.词汇积累
发生：happen→take place
出现：show up→appear
道歉：apologize→make an apology
渴望：long for→be eager for
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：However, the two of us had a conflict over something.
拓展句：However, the two of us had a conflict over something, which was so severe that I though she would not forgive me.
【点睛】【高分句型1】She was happy to promise that she would come. (运用了that引导的宾语从句)
【高分句型2】She gave me a doll which I longed for a long time.(运用了which引导的限制性定语从句)
