Unit 3 Sea Exploration Reading for Writing——高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册课堂速测
一、重点词汇
capsule n.胶囊，太空舱
coral n.珊瑚
migration n. _________________
directory n.名录;电话号码簿，(计算机文件或程序的)目录
meanwhile adv. _________________
exploit v. _________________
murder v. _________________n.谋杀; 凶杀
mercy n.仁慈; 宽恕; 恩惠
possession n.个人财产;拥有;控制
opponent n. _________________
log v. _________________ n.正式记录;日志;原木
marine adj.海的; 海产的;海生的
arrest n.逮捕;拘留;中止v. _________________
二、重点短语
talk of 谈到，说到
spill...into _________________
plastic pollution 塑料污染
tap water 自来水
mine for... _________________
negative cycle 不良循环
commit (a) murder 犯谋杀罪
without mercy 残忍地，毫不留情地
be home to _________________
in possession of 拥有，占有
happen to sth./sb. _________________
take action 采取行动
address important issues 解决重要问题
as well as _________________
such as 例如，比如
amounts of 许多，大量
not just...but also... _________________
be balanced with _________________
三、重点句型
1. Hopefully, as technology improves, we may have more options for managing this balance. (as引导的时间状语从句)
2. Accessing the deep ocean may also help us to predict events such as earthquakes. (不定式短语作宾补)
四、重点用法
1. as引导时间状语从句
随着时间的推移：
as time goes by (as引导时间状语从句)
with time going by (with复合结构)
As time goes by, the job will let you use all your skills to the maximum.
= With time going by, the job will let you use all your skills to the maximum.
随着时间的推移,这份工作将让你最大限度地发挥你的技能。
练习：
一、用适当的词填空
1.She is said to have gained _____(admit) to the university of her choice.
2.I heard you had _____ narrow escape in yesterday's accident.
3.I believe that our team will _____(definite) win the game as long as we unite.
4.He _____(select) as a member of the school team and represented the school in the basketball game.
5.The exhibition is more interesting than _____ (expect).
二、根据提示完成句子
6.目前他们正和父母一起居住，因为他们自己的房子正在重建。
They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house___________ (rebuild).
7.无论你何时购买礼物，你都应该从接收者的角度去考虑它。
Whenever you _____________ (buy) a present, you should think about it from the receiver’s point of view.
8.如报告中所提到的那样,近年来从事新兴行业的人数一直在不断增加。(as)
The number of people who engage in emerging industries has been increasing in recent years, __________.
9.他虽然年轻时很有钱,但现在却一贫如洗。(although)
__________, he is now as poor as a church mouse.
10.为增加工资而协商一直是我们期望的事情。(不定式, negotiate)
__________ has always been what we expect.
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：admission
解析：考查名词。句意:据说,她已经被她选择的大学录取了。设空处作have gained的宾语,应用名词admission.意为“进入权:准许加入”。故填admission。
2.答案：a
解析：考查冠词。句意:我听说你在昨天的事故中死里逃生。have a narrow escape表示“死里逃生”,为固定搭配。故填a。
3.答案：definitely
解析：考查副词。句意:我相信只要我们团结起来,我们队肯定会赢得比赛。设空处作状语,应用副词。故填definitely。
4.答案：was selected
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:他被选为校队的队员,代表学校去参加篮球比赛。and 连接设空处和represented 两个并列的谓语动词,由represented可知设空处也应用一般过去时;结合句意可知He与select之间是被动关系,且He为第三人称单数形式,助动词应用 was。故填was selected。
5.答案：expected
解析：考查状语从句中的省略。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致, 谓语含有be动词时可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词, 由于展会是被期待, 因此应该用过去分词。故填expected。
二、
6.答案：is being rebuilt
解析：根据"They are living with"可知，他们的房子正在重建，应使用现在进行时，且house与rebuild之间为动宾关系，所以空 处应用现在进行时的被动语态。
7.答案：buy Whenever
解析：buy Whenever在此处引导时间状语从句，根据句意可知，该句叙述 的是一般的情况，故从句中应用一般现在时。
8.答案：as mentioned in the report
解析：本句中as引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容。
9.答案：Although (he was) very rich in his youth
解析：根据句意及提示词可知，此处应该用Although引导让步状语从句，故填Although he was very rich in his youth。因让步状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语动词中包含be动词的某种形式，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，故也可以填Although very rich in his youth。
10.答案：To negotiate for more pay
解析：分析句子结构可知，此处应用动词不定式作主语，表示具体的行为。negotiate for…“为……而协商/谈判”。
2Unit 3 Sea Exploration Reading and Thinking——高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册课堂速测
一、重点词汇
tale n. _________________
merchant n.商人;批发商adj.海上货运的
extend v. _________________
negotiate vt.商定;达成(协议)vi.谈判;磋商;协商
fleet n.舰队;机群;车队
behold v. _________________
league n.等级;水平;联合会; 联赛
royal adj. _________________
spice n.(调味)香料
withdraw v. _________________
channel n.航道;海峡; 频道
maritime adj. _________________
bond n.纽带; 关系v. _________________
二、重点短语
set sail 起航; 开航
in a league of one's own 独领风骚
withdraw from _________________
reach out _________________
form the foundation of _________________
inspire sb.to do sth. 激励某人做某事
search for 寻找(动词短语)
in search of 寻找(介词短语)
in ancient times 在古代
become known as _________________
(be) centred around _________________
lead to more awareness of _________________
三、重点句型
1.In ancient times, silk from China found its way overland to India, the Middle East, and Rome, along what became known as the Silk Road. (what引导的宾语从句)
2. A trading route across the sea was also extended along the coasts of the Indian Ocean, centred around Ceylon (now Sri Lanka). (过去分词短语作状语)
四、重点用法
1.what引导的名词性从句
(1)what引导的名词性从句可在句中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。
(2)what在名词性从句中作主语、宾语表语或定语。
(3)what有三种意思：什么;……的东西/事情等:多么。
What made Lucy happy is the appointment with Tom.
让露西高兴的是和汤姆的约会。(what在主语从句中作主语)
The consumers believe in the salesman, so they believe what he has promised.
消费者信任这个推销员，所以他们相信他所承诺的。(what在宾语从句中作宾语)
The street is more like what it was 10 years ago.
这条街更像它10年前的样子。(what在宾语从句中作表语)
I have no idea what happened to my ladder, which is easy to break.
我不知道我的梯子怎么了，它很容易坏。(what在同位语从句中作主语)
练习：
1.用适当的词填空
1.We are working _____ the command of the manager that no expense be spared to make the conference a success.
2.The reason why the three boys become good friends is that they all have a passion _____ painting.
3.Chang'e 5, a mission in China's lunar _____(explore) program, will demonstrate and test the country's technological and engineering capabilities in space.
4.I _________ (withdraw) a lot of money from the bank yesterday.
5.He settled in the USA 10 years ago, and this is the first time that he _____(revisit) his native city.
二、根据提示完成句子
6.我认为政府有必要唤起公众保护环境的意识。(consider+宾语+宾补)
_______________ of protecting the environment.
7.该志愿队由50名学生组成,他们热情、慷慨且乐于助人。(代词+ of +关系代词)
The voluntary team is made up of 50 students, _______________.
8.如果我们想为未来做出最好的决定,就要把这一事实考虑进去,这是至关重要的。(crucial)
_______________ if we want to make the best decisions for the future.
9.一听到这个令人震惊的消息,他就冲出了房间。(upon doing)
______________________________________________________
10.人们普遍认为应该从不同的方面来评价学生。(acknowledge)
______________________________________________________
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：under
解析：考查固定搭配。句意:我们正在经理的指挥下工作，为使会议成功多大费用都在所不惜。under the command of...表示“在……的指挥下”。command后接that引导的同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词用了（should +)动词原形。
2.答案：for
解析：考查介词。句意:三个男孩成为好朋友的原因是他们都对绘画情有独钟。a passion for...表示“对……的酷爱，对……情有独钟”。
3.答案：exploration
解析：考查词形转换。句意：中国探月工程的一项任务“嫦娥五号”将展现和检验我国的空间技术和工程能力。分析句子结构可知，空处应用名词作program的定语，故填exploration“探测”。
4.答案：withdrew
解析：考查时态。句意:昨天我从银行里取了很多钱。根据 yesterday,可知此处应用一般过去时,故填withdrew。
5.答案：has revisited
解析：考查时态。句意:10年前他在美国定居，这是他第一次重游故里。在"this is the first time that…"句型中， that从句应用现在完成时。
二、
6.答案：I consider it necessary for the government to arouse public awareness
解析：此处考查"consider +宾语+宾补"结构,因宾语较长,故用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式短语。
7.答案：all of whom are warm, generous and ready to offer help
解析：此处是"代词+of +关系代词"结构引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是students,所以关系代词用whom。
8.答案：It is crucial that we (should) take the fact into consideration/ account
解析：it's crucial that...意为"……是至关重要的",相当于it's vital that...,从句中的谓语动词应用"(should + )动词原形"形式。
9.答案：Upon hearing the shocking news, he rushed out of the room.
解析：upon/ on doing意为"一……就……",引导时间状语从句。
10.答案：It is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluated in different aspects.
解析：It is acknowledged that…意为"人们认为……",可以看成acknowledge的常用句型。
2Unit 3 Sea Exploration Discovering Useful Structures——高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册课堂速测
一、重点词汇
politics n. ________________
profession n.职业;行业
tournament n.锦标赛; 联赛
mixture n. ________________
laptop n.笔记本电脑; 便携式电脑
coverage n.新闻报道;覆盖范围
applaud v.鼓掌vt. ________________
tax v. ________________n.税;税款
manned adj. ________________
submersible n.潜水器;可潜船
underwater adv. ________________
二、重点短语
in hand ________________
press conference 记者招待会; 新闻发布会
in return for ________________
withdraw from 退出;撤回
the Belt and Road Initiative________________
strengthen the bonds between…and... ________________
the rest of 剩余的，其他的
for the benefit of ________________
cultural exchange 文化交流
point of view ________________
an urgent need 迫切需要
三、重点句型
1. It is a good idea to tax plastic bottles so that people use them less. (so that引导目的状语从句)
2. Far out in the ocean, where the water is as clear as glass, lives the Sea King. (完全倒装)
四、重点用法
1.完全倒装
表示地点的介词词组位于句首,主语是名词,谓语是be, stand, sit, lie, live等动词的句子,用完全倒装结构。
In the middle of the grasslands lived a flock of wild goats.
在草原的中央生活着一群野山羊。
(1)there/here, now/then, up/down, in/out，away/off + be/come/go/run/rush/fly/follow/fall+主语(名词)
Here come my students, shouting slogans loudly.
我的学生们来了,大声喊着口号。
(2)过去分词/现在分词/作表语的形容词+be+主语(名词)
Present at the session are some famous scientists.
出席会议的是一些著名科学家。
练习：
一、用适当的词填空
1.I wonder how he can get by _____ such low wages, not to mention the fact that he has a large family to support.
2.It is her persistence and courage that made _____(she) dream come true finally.
3.All the staff were outside to welcome Professor Li, the director of the project, _____(applaud) loudly.
4.We were invited to give our opinions about _____ the work should be done efficiently.
5.The old man has devoted twenty years to _____(guard) the lighthouse for the safety of the passing ships.
二、根据提示完成句子
6.He didn’t want to________(给……蒙上阴影)their happiness.
7.It is not unusual for teenagers ________(沉迷于) computer games.
8.你们这一代的年轻人受电脑游戏和网络世界的吸引是很寻常的。
It is not unusual for teenagers of your generation________ ________ ________ ________ computer games and online world.
9.自大学毕业以来，我一直在这家公司工作。
I ______ ______ ______ in this company since I graduated from university.
10.I think the best way ______ ______ ______ ______ is to communicate in it as much as possible.
我认为提高英语口语最好的方式是尽可能多地用它交流。
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：on
解析：考查固定搭配。句意:我想知道他这么低的工资是怎么勉强过活的，更不用说他还要养活一大家子人。get by on意为“靠……维持生计，设法过活，勉强应付”。
2.答案：her
解析：考查代词。句意:是她的坚持和勇气使她最终梦想成真。make one's dream come true意为"使某人梦想成真"。
3.答案：applauding
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:李教授是这个项目的负责人，全体职工都在外面欢迎李教授，掌声雷动。空处作伴随状语，因All the staff与applaud之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用动词-ing形式。
4.答案：how
解析：考查宾语从句。句意:我们被邀请就如何高效做这项工作发表意见。空处引导宾语从句，且在宾语从句中作方式状语，故填how。
5.答案：guarding
解析：考查devote的用法。句意：为了过往船只的安全，这位老人已经花了二十年的时间来守卫灯塔。devote...to...表示"把……用于……"其中to是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
二、
6.答案：cast a shadow on
解析：考查固定短语，句意：他不想给他们的幸福蒙上一层阴影。根据汉语提示可知，“给……蒙上阴影”可翻译为cast a shadow on,且不定式to后接动词原形。故填cast a shadow on.
7.答案：to be addicted to/indulge themselves in
解析：考查固定短语和不定式。句意：青少年对电脑游戏上瘾是很正常的。“沉迷于”是固定短语be addicted to/indulge oneself in, It is not unusual for sb.to do是固定句型，意为“对某人来说做某事是很正常的”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式，因此空格处是to be addicted to/ indulge themselves in。故填to be addicted to/indulge themselves in.
8.答案：to be attracted to
解析：考查固定短语和不定式。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“被……吸引”，是be attracted to；It is not unusual for sb.to do sth.是固定句型，意为“对某人来说做某事是很正常的”，其中It是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式，因此空格处是to be attracted to。故填to；be；attracted；to。
9.答案：have been working
解析：考查时态。根据句中时间状语since I graduated from university.和句意可知，这里用现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去就开始，一直持续到现在，并有可能继续持续下去。故填have been working。
10.答案： to improve spoken English
解析：考查固定短语和非谓语。结合句意表示“提高英语口语可知短语为improve spoken English,此处作后置定语修饰way，应用不定式。故填to improve spoken English。
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