(共39张PPT)
2024高考必考知识点
名词性从句
名词性从句-真题重现
（2023·新课标Ⅱ卷）The zoo keepers also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalist. This is_______they need an English trainer.
（2023·安徽省、云南省、吉林省、黑龙江2月考）“We will probably build another school-home with this money,” he said. “A school-home is exactly _______ it sounds like.
（2022·浙江1月考）Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ______ she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of the time, they agreed.
（2021·新高考Ⅰ卷）_________is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
（2019课标全国卷Ⅰ）While polar bears are rare north of 88℃, there is evidence_______they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
判断下列画线部分充当什么成分？
1. My experience makes me stronger.
2. That is beauty.
3. I know the book.
4. I am Li hua, a student from China.
5. We looked back on the last year.
主语
表语
宾语
同位语
共同特征：
名词性结构
宾语
判断下列画线从句充当什么成分？
1. What doesn’t kill me makes me stronger.
2. That is why he likes summer.
3. I know that he makes the same mistake every time.
4. There is no denying the fact that many westerners are passionate about Chinese culture.
5. We looked back on what happend during our growth.
主语从句
表语从句
宾语从句
同位语从句
宾语从句
名词性从句：在复合句中相当于名词的从句，称为名词性从句，主要分为主语、宾语、表语、同位语从句四类
1. Who will win the match is still unknown.
2. I told him that he had passed the exam.
3. It is a great pity that they didn’t get married.
4. The news that the Chinese women’s football team had won the match excited us.
5. This is exactly what we should do.
5. I think it necessary that we should get enough information before we act.
在下列句子中找出名词性从句.
主语从句
宾语从句
主语从句
同位语从句
宾语从句
表语从句
名词性从句的连接词
类别 连接词 意义 功能
从属连词 that 无意义 不充当成分
whether/if 是否 不充当成分
连接代词 what(ever) （无论）什么 主语、表语、宾语、定语
which(ever) （无论）哪一个 主语、宾语、定语
who(ever) （无论）谁 主语、宾语、表语
whom 谁 宾语
whose 谁的 定语
连接副词 when 何时 时间状语
where 哪里 地点状语
why 为何 原因状语
how 如何 方式状语
that 在名词性从句中只起连接作用，不充当任何成分，起陈述作用；
whether/if在名词性从句中只起连接作用，不充当任何成分，有疑问意思；
Wh-在名词性从句中连接作用，并充当一定成分，连接代词在从句中一般充当主语、宾语、表语、定语，连接副词在从句中一般充当状语。
Part 1
主语从句
【主语从句·定义】
①什么是主语从句
在复合句中，主语为句子的从句叫主语从句，主语从句用陈述语气，句首引导词不能省略。
That they won the match made us happy.
②主语从句引导词
从属连词
连接代词who, whoever, whom, what, whatever, whose, which
连接副词when, where, how, why
that（在句首不能省略）
whether、if（不能用在句首）
【主语从句·定义】
③如何找出主语从句
That he will succeed is certain.
What we need is more time.
It is a pity that we lose the match.
1.先找谓语，谓语前的句子就是主语从句。
2.it作形式主语，that-从句作真正的主语，即为主语从句。
【主语从句·连接词】
①that引导的主语从句
不作成分，没有实际意义，不能省略。
That colors influence our moods has been proved.
It is proved that colors influence our moods.
②whether/if引导的主语从句
意为“是否”不作成分，不能省略。
Whether we’ll go on a picnic tomorrow depends on the weather.
It depends on the weather whether/if we’ll go on a picnic tomorrow.
It doesn’t matter whether/if he will come.
It doesn’t matter whether or not he will come.
that引导的主语从句为了避免头重脚轻，通常用形式主语it代替主语从句。
在句首只能用whether，不能用if。
whether与or not连用时不能用if替换
使用形式主语it时，whether/if引导的从句为真正的主语。
【主语从句·连接词】
③连接代词引导的主语从句
起连接作用，不能省略，有实际意义，在句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语
What is known to us all is that 2024 Olympics will be held in Paris.
Who will go makes no difference.
Whatever was said here must be kept secret.
Whoever breaks the law will be punished.
who/whom谁
whose谁的
what什么
which哪个
whoever无论谁
whatever任何
Whatever和whoever引导的主语从句不含疑问意义，相当于名词后加一个定语从句。
whatever=anything that whoever=anyone who
【主语从句·连接词】
④连接副词引导的主语从句
起连接作用，不能省略，有实际意义，作状语。
Why he didn’t come yesterday is unknown.
How this happened is not clear.
When the new library will be open to the public is unknown.
Where they are going on their holiday is still being discussed.
when 何时
where 何处
why 为何
how 如何
【主语从句·it作形式主语】
有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it 代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句放在句末。主句的谓语动词一般用单数形式。
常用句型如下：
①It be+名词+that从句
It is a pity/shame that...可惜的是
It is a surprise/shock that...令人吃惊的是
It is a fact that...事实是
It is common knowledge that... ...是常识
他们没结婚真可惜
It is a great pity that they didn’t get married..
【主语从句·it作形式主语】
②It be+形容词+that从句
It is important that... ...很重要
It is possible/likely that... 很可能...
It is obvious/clear that... 很明显...
It is true that... 的确...
很明显你错了
It is obvious that you are wrong.
【主语从句·it作形式主语】
③It be+过去分词+that从句
It is said that... 据说...
It is well-known that... 众所周知...
It is reported that... 据报道...
It is believed that... 人们相信...
It is suggested that sb (should) do.. 建议...
建议你每天给向日葵浇水
It is suggested that the sunflower _________(water) every day.
使用suggest, order, require等表示建议、命令、要求时，that后面的从句要用虚拟语气
【主语从句·it作形式主语】
④It +不及物动词+that从句
It happened that... 碰巧...
It occurred to sb that... 某人突然想到...
It appears/seems that... 似乎/好像...
彭巧我昨天不在家
It happened that I was not at home yesterday .
Part 2
宾语从句
【宾语从句·定义】
①什么是宾语从句
在复合句中，用作宾语的从句叫作宾语从句。
I know that you are always right.
②宾语从句类别
动词宾语从句
I know what we are going to eat for lunch.
介词宾语从句
We are talking about what we should eat for lunch.
形容词宾语从句
I am more than delighted if you can take my suggestions into account.
【宾语从句·语序&引导词】
①从句部分用陈述语序
主句+引导词+主语+谓语+其他。
Do you know what that is
Can you tell me who you are
I don’t know what you are talking about.
②宾语从句引导词
that连接陈述句，that无意义，不作从句成分，可省略。
I think (that) he is a warm-hearted person.
The teacher said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.
whether/if 连接一般疑问句，意为“是否”在从句中不做成分，不可省略。
I asked him if/whether he was lying.
引导宾语从句的连词that一般可以省略，但是在及物动词之后跟有两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略。
用于该结构的动词：know, ask, care, wonder...
宾语从句只用whether的情况：
①句首设空②末尾有or not.③后面有to④跟介词搭配
【宾语从句·语序&引导词】
wh-特殊疑问词连接特殊疑问句
1）连接代词what, who, whose, which, whom引导的宾语从句，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、或定语，不能省略。
I don’t know what I should do.
I know who she is.
Can you tell me which you prefer
Do you know whose the pen is
2）连接副词when, where, how, why及“how+形容词/副词”引导的宾语从句，在从句中作状语，不能省略。
I don’t know how to do it.
Do you know where I can find her
He asked when we could set out the next day.
I don’t know how much it costs.
注意从句用陈述句语序
【宾语从句·时态】
①当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。
She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday.（从句是一般现在时）
She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk.（从句是一般将来时)
She ways (that) she has never been to Mount Emei.（从句是现在完成时）
②主句为过去时态，从句应为相应的过去时态
He didn’t tell us he came from Jiangxi.
③从句为客观事实或真理，仍用一般现在时，不受主句时态影响。
The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.
④主句为could you tell me时，从句时态不限制。
Could you tell me what is he like （这里could表委婉语气）
主现从随便
主过从必过
真理永一现
【宾语从句·it作形式宾语】
有些动词，尤其是表喜恶的动词后不能直接跟宾语从句，需要用it作形式宾语
enjoy, like, dislike, hate, resent, don’t mind, be fond of, feel like, see to, appreciate, rely/depend on…+ it +O-c
当人们在公开场合大声说话时，我很讨厌。
I hate it when people talk loudly on their phones in public.
请保证包装适合长途运输
Please see to it that the packing is suitable for long voyage.
owe it to sb that...把...归功于
leave it to sb that...把...留给某人去做
take it for granted that...想当然
keep it in mind that... 记住...
Part 3
表语从句
【表语从句·定义】
①什么是表语从句
表语：位于系动词之后，说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征或状态。构成主系表结构。
He is a teacher.
表语从句：用一个完整的句子充当表语，这个句子就是表语从句。
The trouble is that I lost my wallet.
【表语从句·引导词】
①that引导的表语从句
that只起连接作用，在句中不作成分，无词义，一般不省略
The fact is that he doesn’t try really hard.
②whether引导的表语从句
whether表是否，不充当句子成分，不可省略。if不能引导表语从句
The question is whether the song is worth listening.
③wh-类连接词引导的表语从句
起连接作用，不能省略，有实际意义
【表语从句·引导词】
③wh-类连接词引导的表语从句
起连接作用，不能省略，有实际意义，与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样。who, whom, whose,what, which 作主宾定表when, where, why, how作状语。
You are saying that everyone should be equal, and that is where I disagree.
No changes have taken place in the village. It remains what it used to be.
The reason whyhe missed classes was that he was ill in hospital.
when 何时
where 何处
why 为何
how 如何
who/whom谁
whose谁的
what什么
which哪个
whoever无论谁
whatever任何
【表语从句·引导词】
④as if/as though引导的表语从句
常用虚拟语气，常跟在特定的动词后面，如：seem, appear, sound, look, taste, feel等
He looks as if he were from the Mars.
⑤because引导的表语从句
He didn’t come to school yesterday and this is because he was ill.
He didn’t come to school yesterday. The reason is that he is ill.
当reason是句中主语，表语从句连接词只能用that不能用because/why
Part 4
同位语从句
【同位语从句·定义】
①什么是同位语从句
同位语：一个名词对另一个名词或代词进行解释说明（通常紧挨在一起），那么这个起解释说明作用的名词就是另一个名词的同位语。
I am Li Hua, a middle school student, who is intersted in...
同位语从句：起解释说明作用的成分是个句子，这个句子就叫同位语从句，它一般跟在某些名词后面（通常为抽象名词，如：message, news, idea, fact, promise, question, doubt, thought, hope, suggestion, word, possibility.等)。用以解释说明该名词表示的具体内容。
I heard the news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher.
【同位语从句·引导词】
①that
无意义，不作成分，不省略
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.
②whether
有意义：是否，不做成分，不省略
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.
③连接代词who,whom,what,whose
有疑问意义，做成分：主宾定表，不省略
I have no idea what size the shoes he wears.
④连接副词when,where,how,why
有疑问意义，做成分，状语，不省略
We can’t settle the question where we are going tomorrow.
同其他名词性从句一样，同位语从句也用陈述语序
【同位语从句·虚拟语气】
①表示“命令、建议、要求”的名词后面的表语从句或同位语从句中，从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气形式，即：should+动词原形，should可以省略
这类名词有：advice, desire, decision, idea, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, suggestion等
My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.
We followed his advice that we should ask our teacher for help.
【同位语从句vs定语从句】
①先行词不同
定语从句：名词或代词
同位语从句：抽象名词
Those who want to go please sign their names here.
I have no idea when he will come back.
②从句的作用不同（假设名词为A，从句为B）
定语从句：修饰限定词或先行词，A=B
同位语从句：进一步说明前面名词的具体内容，A=B
The news that you told us is really encouraging.
The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.
【同位语从句vs定语从句】
③引导从句的that功能不同
定语从句：既指代先行词，又须在从句中充当成分，作宾语时可省略
同位语从句: 纯连词，不充当任何成分，但不省略。
Dad made a promise that excited all his children.
Dad made a promise that he would buy me a bike if I passed the exam.
④when/where引导定从和同从的区别
when/where前面的名词是表示时间/地点的名词时→定语从句
when/where前面的名词不是表示时间/地点的名词时→同位语从句
I have no idea when he will come back.
This is the place where the accident happened.
Part 5
易混引导词辨析
【易混引导词辨析】
①that与what
that在名从中不充当任何成分
what在名从中充当成分（主宾表）
1._________he wants is a book.
2._________he wants to go there is obvious.
3.We should pay attention to________the teacher is saying.
4.He told us________he felt ill.
what
what
That
that
what
【易混引导词辨析】
②whether与if
名从中，表示是否意思时，whether都可使用
主从，表从，同从均不用if引导，但it作形式主语，主从放后面时，可用if
宾从中有四种情况不可用if，只可用whether
I asked her ___________she had a bike.
I don’t know____________he is well or not.
___________we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the whether.
It hasn’t been decided____________we shall attend the meeting.
①句首设空
②末尾有or not.
③后面有to
④跟介词搭配
whether/if
whether
whether/if
whether
【易混引导词辨析】
③that/why/because引导表从
that无词义，且由reason作主语的表从只能用that引导
why有词义，且强调结果
because有词义，强调原因
He suffered from a severe cold. That is________he had a week off.
Tom didn’t go to school today. The reason is________he felt ill.
The project was turned down. That is__________we lacked money.
why
that
because
Part 6
名词性从句总结&真题
名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语。因此形成了主从、宾从、表从和同从。
名词性从句-真题重现
（2023·新课标Ⅱ卷）The zoo keepers also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalist. This is_______they need an English trainer.
（2023·安徽省、云南省、吉林省、黑龙江2月考）“We will probably build another school-home with this money,” he said. “A school-home is exactly _______ it sounds like.
（2022·浙江1月考）Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ______ she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of the time, they agreed.
（2021·新高考Ⅰ卷）_________is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
（2019课标全国卷Ⅰ）While polar bears are rare north of 88℃, there is evidence_______they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
why
what
whether/if
what
that(共26张PPT)
一、解题步骤
1.先题后文:定位词
(1)大写/人名/地名/时间/时代/数字 (2)名词/形容词
2.串联题干间逻辑，推测文章主题(题干中反复出现的词是中心词)
二、逻辑的重要性
1.文中adj./adv.常常代表了作者的感情态度，也就是文章的中心比如，先否定，but后又肯定，表明作者态度是肯定的
2.句间的逻辑(段落间逻辑也- -样)
(1)相反: 1 + but/yet/however+ 2
(2)相同: 1 + 2即无转折词,通常表因果或者递进关系!相同的逻辑是重点，也就是出题方向
高考阅读理解技巧 突破六大阅读题型
高考阅读理解技巧 突破六大阅读题型
三、微观阅读技巧-标点符号的运用
1.逗号:两个逗号之间，或者一个逗号之后，为补充说明的成分，是句子非主干
2.冒号:冒号前后，一般是从抽象到具体，冒号后面的内容在解释冒号前面的内容
3.分号:分号前后为并列关系，前后意思一致
高考阅读理解技巧 突破六大阅读题型
四、六大阅读题型
(一)细节题
1.题干标志: what/how/why/because/in that等+具体信息
2.选项与原文逐词比对
正确选项:同义改写
干扰选项: 90%的部分与原文相符，但一定有 10%的部分是错误的=错误选项
3.干扰选项特征
(1)正反混淆 (2) 概念偷换 (3)答非所问:题干中往往有陷阱
(4)不同内容嫁接 (5)非最佳答案
(6)绝对化用词: only/must/exclusively/never/all/最高级(通常不选，除非原文明确使用)
高考阅读理解技巧 突破六大阅读题型
4.正确答案特征
(1) 同义改写
(2)与中心思想密切相关，细节服从主旨
(3) 语气缓和: some/may/partly
5.表示因果的词
because/since/as/for
derive/originate/stem/result+from+原因 owing/due/attribute+to+原因
‘源自于 归因于’
contribute to+结果 ‘导致’
高考阅读理解技巧 突破六大阅读题型
(二)例证题
1.题干标志: example/case实例/illustrate说明/demonstrate证明/to show
2.例子本身不重要，重要的是例子所支持的观点;观点一般在例子前，有时也在例子后。
干扰选项设计思路:主被动偷换
高考阅读理解技巧 突破六大阅读题型
(三)中心思想题
1.题干标志: mainly/about/discuss/the best title/the purpose
2.做题方法
(1) 串线:将各段首末句串联成一个整体，注意转折处每个句子的交集，也即共同的词，对应的选项即是答案(可能不止一个词;可能同义改写)
(2)中心词:文章中反复高频出现的词
(3)中心句:①文章开头的提问，对它的回答就是文章中心 ②独句段(通常是长难句)
3.干扰选项特征:(1)范围太小片面(2)范围太大
高考阅读理解技巧 突破六大阅读题型
(四)作者态度题
1.题干标志: attitude/deem认为/consider/tone语气
2.正确选项
(1)正面: positive积极的/optimistic积极的/approval支持的/supportive支持的
(2)负面: negative消极的/pessimistic消极的/disapproval不支持的/critical批判的
doubtful怀疑的/suspicious怀疑的/skeptical怀疑的/questionable怀疑的
(3)中立: neutral中立的/objective客观的/impartial公正的/disinterested公正的
3.小墓碑选项(错误选项一定不选)
(1)漠不关心类: uninterested/unconcerned/indifferent冷漠的
(2)困惑迷惑类: confused/puzzled困惑的
(3)偏见歧视类: biased/prejudiced/discriminated 有偏见的
(4)鄙视类、主观类: contemptuous蔑视的/subjective主观的
4.当作者态度没有明确提出时:
(1) 文章的框架(串联中心)
(2) adj./adv.
(3) 转折处
(4)情态动词之后(尤其后接not时)
*少数派理论，即作者的观点常与大众相反，few≈中心
(五)词汇题
1.题干标志:“_” (Line1. paragraph2) most probably means
2.做题方法:通过定位好的句子,结合上下文或者本句内的逻辑关系，找同义词或者反义词
3.干扰选项特征:字面意思理解
高考阅读理解技巧 突破六大阅读题型
(六)推理判断题
1.题干标志: infer/learn from/imply/suggest/conclude
2.做题方法
(1) 同义改写一细节/主旨(段落主旨) /逻辑
(2)逻辑取反-推理多在转折处
*阅读理解不要理解(不要过度加戏)
高考阅读理解技巧 突破六大阅读题型
高考阅读理解技巧 突破六大阅读题型
Yellowstone Poster Exhibition to Be on View at UW's Coe Library
A first-of-its-kind exhibition that focuses on the history of Yellowstone National Park posters will be on display at the University of Wyoming’s Coe Library beginning Tuesday, February 1.
“Wonderland Illustrated” will present posters and poster-style illustrations of the park spanning from the 1870s through 2022. The exhibition will be located on Level 3 of Coe Library. It will be on view through Tuesday, May 31.
The exhibition takes place at the same time as this year's 150th anniversary of the creation of Yellowstone National Park. The posters in the exhibition serve the purpose of both advertising and art.
“We’re thrilled to be working with Yellowstone collectors Jack and Susan Davís, and Larry and Thea Lancaster to bring this exhibition to the University of Wyoming as part of year-long celebrations recognizing Yellowstone's 150th anniversary,” says Tamsen Hert, head of UW Libraries' Emmett D. Chisum Special Collections. “This exhibition involves the history of printing, art, photography and advertising over 16 decades. The images reproduced are found on travel brochures, postcards and maps—many of which are held in our collections.”
高考阅读理解技巧 突破六大阅读题型
One poster from the exhibition—Henry Wellge's “Yellowstone National Park” from1904—was recently purchased with donated funds and is now part of UW Libraries' Emmett D. Chisum Special Collections. Wellge, a productive bird's-eye-view artist, designed the piece for the Northern Pacific Railroad, which used it to advertise the park. This is a unique piece, as posters such as this one were printed on soft paper and very few have survived.
21. How long will the exhibition “Wonderland Illustrated” last
A. Two weeks. B. Three months. C. Four months. D. One year.
22. What is a purpose of the exhibition
A. To remember a famous artist.
B. To raise fund for Coe Library.
C. To mark the anniversary of a national park.
D. To tell the history of the University of Wyoming.
23. What do we know about the 1904 poster Henry Wellge designed
A. It is rare in the world. B. It is in black and white.
C. It is printed on cloth. D. It is owned by a professor.
高考阅读理解技巧 突破六大阅读题型
Parrots are prey animals, which means that other predators （捕食者） in the wild, such as hawks or snakes, are looking to make them into a meal. This one factor influences parrots' behavior in your house more than any other.
Parrots are most easily hurt when feeding on the ground; membership in a group plays an important function in ensuring their safety and improving their chances of survival from attacks by predators. The most common predators of parrots include hawks, snakes, cats, monkeys, and bats. Some predators make attacks only during the day while others hunt in the night.
As prey animals, parrots are constantly watching out for danger and they instinctively （本能地） react to risks. Their first choice is to take flight. However, if this is not possible, they will fight with their powerful beaks to defend themselves.
Because their biggest enemy is the hawk, parrots are especially reactive to quick movements from above and behind. For this reason, it is wise to avoid quick, sudden movements near your bird. This is a built-in reaction not subject to logic or reason. Simple and relatively harmless household objects can draw extreme fear responses from a bird. For example, a balloon may represent a hawk or a vacuum hose （吸尘器软管） may be the same as a snake in your bird's mind.
高考阅读理解技巧 突破六大阅读题型
As prey animals, parrots are often frightened by exposure to new household items or strangers. It is important to expose your bird to safe experiences and changes starting at a very young age to build flexibility and improve their adaptability. Variety in diet and toys, travel, and exposure to new people and places all help to make your bird more flexible and adaptable to change.
24. What is important for parrots to better survive from attacks in the wild
A. Living in a group. B. Growing beautiful feathers.
C. Feeding on the ground. D. Avoiding coming out at night.
25. What is parrots' first response to an immediate risk
A. To attack back. B. To get away.
C. To protect the young. D. To play dead.
26. Why would a balloon frighten a parrot
A. It may explode suddenly. B. It may be in a strange shape.
C. It may have a strong color. D. It may move around quickly.
高考阅读理解技巧 突破六大阅读题型
27. What is the author's purpose of writing the text
A. To explain wild parrots' behavior. B. To give advice on raising a parrot.
C. To call for action to protect animals. D. To introduce a study on bird ecology.
高考阅读理解技巧 突破六大阅读题型
C
In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People, Dale Carnegie wrote: “I have come to the conclusion that there is only one way to get the best of an argument- and that is to avoid it.” This distaste for arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes problems for our personal and social lives – and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.
Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights, which is how we often think of them. Like physical fights, verbal（言语的） fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win, you end up no better off. You would be feeling almost as bad if arguments were even just competitions- like, say, tennis tournaments. Pairs of opponents hit the ball back and forth until one winner comes out from all who entered. Everybody else loses. This kind of thinking explains why so many people try to avoid arguments.
However, there are ways to win an argument every time. When you state your position, formulate （阐述） an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good. When you talk with someone who takes a stand, ask them to give you a reason for their view and spell out their argument fully Assess its strength and weakness Raise objections（异议） and listen carefully to their replies. This method will require effort, but practice will make you better at it.
高考阅读理解技巧 突破六大阅读题型
These tools can help you win every argument—not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about what divides people, learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them. If we readjust our view of arguments—from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain respect and understanding from each other -then we change the very nature of what it means to “win” an argument.
28. What is the author's attitude toward Carnegie's understanding of argument
A. Critical. B. Supportive. C. Tolerant. D. Uncertain.
29. Why do many people try to avoid arguments
A. They lack debating skills. B. They may feel bad even if they win.
C. They fear being ignored. D. They are not confident in themselves.
30. What does the underlined phrase “spell out” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Defend. B. Explain. C. Conclude. D. Repeat.
31. What is the key to “winning” an argument according to the author
A. Sense of logic. B. Solid supporting evidence.
C. Proper manners. D. Understanding from both sides.
27. What is the author's purpose of writing the text
A. To explain wild parrots' behavior. B. To give advice on raising a parrot.
C. To call for action to protect animals. D. To introduce a study on bird ecology.
D
For lots of kids, toddlerhood （幼儿期） is an important time for friendship. Studies show that the earlier kids learn to form positive relationships, the better they are at relating to others as teenagers and adults. Playing together also helps these kids practice social behaviors, such as kindness, sharing, and cooperation.
Even so, how quickly your child develops into a social creature may also depend on his temperament（性格）. Some toddler s are very social, but others are shy. In addition, the way that toddlers demonstrate that they like other children is markedly different from what adults think of as expressions of friendship. Research at Ohio State University in Columbus found that a toddler's way of saying “I like you” during play is likely to come in the form of copying a friend's behavior.
高考阅读理解技巧 突破六大阅读题型
This seemingly unusual way of demonstrating fondness can result in unpleasant behavior. Regardless of how much they like a playmate, they may still grab his toys, refuse to share, and get bossy. But experts say that this is a normal and necessary part of friendship for kids this age. Through play experiences, toddlers learn social rules. That's why it's so important to take an active role in your toddler's social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are. When you establish these guidelines, explain the reasons behind them.
Begin by helping your child learn sympathy （“Ben is crying. What's making him so sad ”）, then suggest how he could resolve the problem （“Maybe he would feel better if you let him play the ball.”）. When your child shares or shows empathy（同理心） toward a friend, praise him （“Ben stopped crying! You made him feel better.”）.
Another way to encourage healthy social interaction is by encouraging kids to use words- not fists-to express how they feel. It's also important to be mindful of how your child's personality affects playtime. Kids are easy to get angry when they're sleepy or hungry, so schedule playtime when they're refreshed.
高考阅读理解技巧 突破六大阅读题型
32. What does it indicate when toddlers copy their playmates' behavior
A. They are interested in acting. B. They are shy with the strangers.
C. They are fond of their playmates. D. They are tired of playing games.
33. What does the author suggest parents do for their kids
A. Design games for them. B. Find them suitable playmates.
C. Play together with them. D. Help them understand social rules.
34. What is the function of the quoted statements in paragraph 4
A. Giving examples. B. Explaining concepts.
C. Providing evidence. D. Making comparisons.
35. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. How Children Adapt to Changes B. How to Be a Role Model for Children
C. How Your Baby Learns to Love D. How to Communicate with Your Kid
高考阅读理解技巧 突破六大阅读题型
CCA ABDB ABBD CDAC
【21题详解】C
细节理解题。根据第一段A first-of-its-kind exhibition that focuses on the history of Yellowstone National Park posters will be on display at the University of Wyoming’s Coe Library beginning Tuesday, February 1. 可知在2月1日开始展览。根据第二段It will be on view through Tuesday, May 31. 可知展览将持续到5月31日，所以展览持续了4个月,故选C。
【22题详解】C
细节理解题。根据第一段A first-of-its-kind exhibition that focuses on the history of Yellowstone National Park posters will be on display at the University of Wyoming’s Coe Library beginning Tuesday, February 1. 可知展览聚焦黄石公园海报的历史，根据第三段The exhibition takes place at the same time as this year's 150th anniversary of the creation of Yellowstone National Park. 可知展览与今年黄石公园成立150周年同时举行，所以展览目的是纪念该公园的纪念日。故选C。
【23题详解】A
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段This is a unique piece, as posters such as this one were printed on soft paper and very few have survived. 可知这是一件独一无二的作品，因为像这样的海报都是软纸印刷的，流传下来的很少。同义改写，Very few和rare同义词替换。故选A.
高考阅读理解技巧 突破六大阅读题型
【24题详解】A
细节理解题。根据第二段中membership in a group plays an important function in ensuring their safety and improving their chances of survival from attacks by predators. (群体的成员身份在确保自身安全、提高自身在捕食者攻击下的生存几率方面起着重要作用。)”可知，群居生活对于鹦鹉在野外抵御攻击很重要。故选A。
【25题详解】B
细节理解题。根据第三段中As prey animals, parrots are constantly watching out for danger and they instinctively （本能地） react to risks. Their first choice is to take flight. (作为猎物，鹦鹉时刻警惕着危险，他们本能对危险做出反应。他们的第一反应是逃跑起飞。)”可知，面对即刻的风险第一反应是逃跑，However, if this is not possible, they will fight with their powerful beaks to defend themselves. 实在没可能逃跑才用喙防御。故选B。
【26题详解】D
推理判断题。根据第四段中Because their biggest enemy is the hawk, parrots are especially reactive to quick movements from above and behind. (因为鹦鹉最大的敌人是鹰，鹦鹉对来自上方和后方的快速移动特别敏感）Simple and relatively harmless household objects can draw extreme fear responses from a bird. For example, a balloon may represent a hawk or a vacuum hose （吸尘器软管） may be the same as a snake in your bird's mind. （简单而无害的家居用品可以引起极度的恐惧反应，例如，一个气球可能代表一只鹰，或者一个真空软管可能代表一条蛇。）所以鹦鹉害怕气球是因为怕它像鹰一样快速移动。故选D
【27题详解】B
推断题。根据最后一段As prey animals, parrots are often frightened by exposure to new household items or strangers. It is important to expose your bird to safe experiences and changes starting at a very young age to build flexibility and improve their adaptability. Variety in diet and toys, travel, and exposure to new people and places all help to make your bird more flexible and adaptable to change.
(作为猎物，鹦鹉经常会因为接触新的家具用品和陌生人而感到害怕，很重要的一点是让你的鸟从很小的时候就开始接触安全的经历和变化，以建立灵活性并提高它们的能力适应性)”以及通读全文可知，文章讲述的是鹦鹉选择群居以避免被捕食，鹦鹉对于危险第一反应是逃跑，没办法才用喙保护自己，鹦鹉最大的敌人是鹰，以及鹦鹉怕一些家居用品，这些都是为了铺垫最后一段，了解鹦鹉才知道如何在家养一只鹦鹉，CD太宽泛，A不是目的，是方式，故选B
【28题详解】A
观点态度题。 第一段This distaste for arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes problems for our personal and social lives – and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place. ( 这种对争论的厌恶是常见的，但它依赖于对依赖的错误看法，这种观点会给我们的个人和社会生活带来问题-而且在很多方面我们忽略了争论的意义。)”做观点态度题时，转折处和形容词会告诉我们，由mistaken, problem可知，作者对于卡耐基这句话是负面的态度，故选critical批判的，故选A。
【29题详解】B
推断题。第二段Like physical fights, verbal（言语的） fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win, you end up no better off. (和身体的打斗一样，言语上的打斗也会让双方都流血不止。即使你赢了，结果也不会更好。)”可推断，争论会让双方流血即使赢了感觉也很糟糕，同义改写，no better off对应bad故选B。
【30题详解】B
词义推断题。根据第三段When you talk with someone who takes a stand, ask them to give you a reason for their view and spell out their argument fully (当你和持立场的人交谈时，要求他们给你一个理由来解释他们的观点并且充分_______他们的观点。)词汇题做题方法：通过定位好的句子,结合上下文或者本句内的逻辑关系，找同义词或者反义词。根据and，我们找give a reason for(给一个理由解释）的同义词，故选B
【31题详解】D
细节理解题。根据最后一段的These tools can help you win every argument—not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about what divides people, learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them. ( 这些工具可以帮助你赢得每一场争论-不是在毫无帮助的意义上打败你的对手，而是在更好的意义上了解人们的分歧，了解他们为什么不同意我们，学习与他们交谈和工作。)”可推断，but后对双方的了解是赢的关键。故选D
【32题详解】C
细节题。根据第二段Research at Ohio State University in Columbus found that a toddler's way of saying “I like you” during play is likely to come in the form of copying a friend's behavior.
可知，蹒跚学步的孩子在玩耍时说我喜欢你的方式很有可能是以模仿朋友行为的形式出现的。同义词改写like=be fond of故选C项。
【33题详解】D
细节理解题。根据第三段That's why it's so important to take an active role in your toddler's social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are.When you establish these guidelines, explain the reasons behind them.可知，在孩子的社会交往中，设置限定，并要向孩子们解释这些社会交往中的限定的原因，同义改写limit=rules故选D项。
【34题详解】A
推理判断题。Begin by helping your child learn sympathy （“Ben is crying. What's making him so sad ”）, then suggest how he could resolve the problem （“Maybe he would feel better if you let him play the ball.”）. When your child shares or shows empathy（同理心） toward a friend, praise him （“Ben stopped crying! You made him feel better.”）.可推知，是举例子，举出实际示例使要说明的事物具体化故选A项。
【35题详解】C
主旨大意题。根据第一段Studies show that the earlier kids learn to form positive relationships, the better they are at relating to others as teenagers and adults. （研究表明，孩子越早学会建立积极的人际关系，他们在青少年和成年后就越善于与他人相处）凡是研究提出新事物新现象都是文章中心，全文都围绕蹒跚学步的孩童是如何学着去建立积极的人际关系展开，没有提及孩童如何适应变化，故A排除，而CD项主语变成了家长，偷换概念，故CD排除。重点是如何建立积极的人际关系，如何学会爱，故选A项。(共16张PPT)
词汇短语积累+长难句分析
2023全国乙卷阅读理解
A篇-词汇短语
practioner n.实践者 highlight v.强调 suspicion n.怀疑
physician n.医生 perform surgery 进行手术
ban sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事
all works of life 各行各业 be dressed as 打扮成
qualify as a surgeon 获得作为医生的资格
practice her profession 实践她的专业
freed slaves 获得自由的奴隶
A篇-长难句
1.Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery.
①该句的主干部分是she moved to paris “她搬去了巴黎”
②born to a Jewish family作定语“出生于一个犹太家庭” in Florence作地点状语“在佛罗伦萨”
③where she worked as a physician and performed surgery 是where引导的定语从句。“在那里她从事内科医生的工作并且做外科手术”
她出生在佛罗伦萨的一个犹太家庭，后来搬到了巴黎，在那里当了一名内科医生并且做外科手术。
A篇-长难句
2. James Barry was born Margaret Bulkey in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine.
①该句主干是James Barry was born Magaret Bulkey “詹姆斯·巴里出生时叫玛格丽特·布吉”
②in Ireland作地点状语“在爱尔兰”to study medicine作目的状语 “为了学医”
③but连接的第二个小句子表转折，dressed as a man是形容词作状语，“打扮成男性” she was accepted by Edinburgh University “她被爱丁堡大学录取”
詹姆斯·巴里出生在爱尔兰，原名玛格丽特·布吉，但她打扮成男人，被爱丁堡大学录取。
B篇-词汇短语
specialize in 专门从事 geographical variation 地理变化
distinctive character 独特的个性 make shots 拍照
decisive adj.决定性的 attempt to do 试图做
hang over 悬挂mark the route 标出路线
look back on 回顾，回忆 manage time 管理时间
it is + adj. +doing 主语正在进行的某种动作或状态
it is + adj. + to do 某物或某人具备做某事的能力或性质
B篇-长难句分析
1.Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape can be quite a challenge, mianly because the corn state lacks geographic variation.
①该句的主干部分Living in iowa and trying to become a photographer can be quite 8a challenge.两个动名词作主语。 “出生在爱荷华并且试图成为一个摄影师是一个相当大的挑战 ”
②specializing in landscape 现在分词作后置定语表主动。 “专门（拍）景观”
③because引导原因状语从句 mainly是程度副词 the corn state lacks geographic variation.因为 “玉米州缺乏地理变化”
出生在爱荷华州，并试图成为一名专门从事景观摄影的摄影师可能是一个相当大的挑战，主要是因为玉米州缺乏地理变化。
B篇-长难句分析
2.Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
①该句的主干部分:they are some of my best shots “它们是我最好的照片”
②still是副词，修饰句子，looking back on the photos现在分词作状语，表主动 “回顾这些照片”
③though连接了一个并列句，表转折they could have been so much better “他们本来能更好“
④if引导条件状语从句，and连接了两个并列谓语。if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. “如果我能准备好并且明智地管理好我的时间就好了”
现在回想起这些照片，这里有一些我拍得最好的照片，但如果我能做好准备并明智地管理我的时间，它们本可以拍得更好。
C篇-词汇短语
come into one’s mind 浮现在某人的脑海
have a reputation for... 因...而著称 less-than-impressive 不尽人意的
top the best seller list 在畅销书排行榜上名列前茅
turn away from 远离 stick to 坚持 apply for 申请
a wider variety of 更多种类的 reflect 反映
television scheduling 电视安排 broadcast 播报
C篇-长难句分析
1.Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller list.
①该句的主干部分是由even though连接的表转折关系的两个并列句：Britain has a reputation “英国菜以...闻名”和 it is producing more top class chefs“英国正在培养更多顶级厨师”
②连词who引导了一个定语从句，who在从句中充当主语，指前面的chefs， “他们经常出现在电视上”
③连词whose在从句中充当定语, “他们的食谱书籍经常登顶畅销书排行榜榜首”
尽管英国的烹饪素以平庸著称，但它确实培养了更多的顶级厨师，他们经常出现在我们的电视屏幕上并且他们的食谱书籍经常登顶畅销书排行榜榜首。
C篇-长难句分析
2.It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way.
①该句的主干部分是 it is recently reported that ...“据报道”
②that引导了一个主语从句，主干是and连接的两个小句子
③第一个小句子the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining “坚持传统饮食的人数正在缓慢下降”
④第二个小句子around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way.“大约有一半的英国消费者希望以某种方式改变或提高他们的烹饪方式。”
最近有报道称，坚持传统饮食的人数正在缓慢下降，并且大约有一半的英国消费者希望以某种方式改变或提高他们的烹饪方式。
D篇-词汇短语
privilege v.给予特权 fairly adv.相当地 conflict n.矛盾
voyage n.航行 Australian Aboriginals 澳大利亚土著居民
in fight 在战斗 interpret v.解释 miscomprehension n.误解
deliberately twisted 故意扭曲 first-hand accounts 第一手描述
D篇-长难句分析
1.If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not.
①句子主干you cannot do it through texts alone“你不能仅仅通过文本来做到”
②if 引导条件状语从句If you want to tell the history of the whole world “如果你想讲述整个世界的历史”
③a history作同位语，that引导定语从句a history that does not privilege one part of humanity “一段不使一部分人类享有特权的历史”
④because引导原因状语从句because only some of the world has ever had texts“因为世界上只有一部分人曾经有过文本”
⑤while连一个并列句，强调两种情况的对比while most of the world, for most of the time, has not “而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有文本。”
D篇-长难句分析
1.If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not.
如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不使一部分人类享有特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人曾经有过文本，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有文本。
D篇-长难句分析
1.The Caribbean Taino, the Australia Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made:a history told through things gives them back a voice.
①句子主干The Caribbean Taino, the Australia Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas can speak to us“加勒比泰诺人，澳大利亚土著人，非洲贝宁人和印加人向我们讲述”
②all of whom连词引导定语从句all of whom appear in this book“他们都出现在这本书里”
③they made是一个定语从句修饰objects，
④told作后置定语
D篇-长难句分析
1.The Caribbean Taino, the Australia Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made:a history told through things gives them back a voice.
加勒比泰诺人，澳大利亚土著人，非洲贝宁人和印加人，他们都出现在这本书里，现在能通过他们制造的物品最有力地向我们讲述他们过去的成就：通过物品讲述的历史给了他们一个声音。
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