阅读理解主旨大意题限时练
（2023上·云南昆明·高三统考期中）A penny saved is a penny earned. And more and more benny-wise young Chinese are abandoning consumerism by leading an increasingly frugal (节俭的) life by developing anti-consumerism concepts.
According to a survey by JD．com, nearly 50% of respondents would use all means to save money and more than 30% plan to become deal-hunters to fit in their budgets. More than 80% of Generation Z Chinese spend less than 5,000 yuan ($737) a month. When shopping, they care the most about practicability, personal preference and price, instead of brands, popularity and brand spokesmen.
And more than 600,000 users have joined a group named Frenzied Money Savers on Douban, a popular social media platform, where members share sometimes extreme ideas, tips, books and everything to save hard-earned money. For instance, some recommended uninstalling shopping apps such as Taobao, Meituan and Pinduoduo and installing it each time you really need to buy something so as to hold back the urge to spend. And milk tea, coffee and takeouts are strongly opposed by many.
Chinese have long established and valued the saving culture with the country’s household savings rate leading the world. Young Chinese who are born in a relatively prosperous and abundant society have learned to get rid of the addiction to consumerism and use money in a more sensible and wiser way, which could help create a more healthy and upbeat social vibe (社会风气), besides reducing the huge waste and damages to the environment caused by over consumption.
Just as the American writer Theodore Thornton said, the habit of saving is itself an education. Yet saving is certainly not the final goal, but spending money where it truly deserves helps realize one’s life objectives. To save and spend wisely are lessons young people all over the world have to learn.
1．Why are more and more young Chinese becoming benny-wise
A．They tend to accept consumerism. B．They spend money without hesitation.
C．They are shaped by multiple cultures. D．They are in favor of economical life.
2．What may Generation Z Chinese tare the most when shopping
A．Budgets and service. B．Practicability and price.
C．Personal preference and brands. D．Shopping apps and platforms.
3．What message does the author want to convey in Paragraph 4
A．Anti-consumerism is beneficial to social progress.
B．Saving money can be many people’s life objective.
C．Many social issues mainly result from consumerism.
D．Young Chinese are lucky to be born in a prosperous society.
4．What is the text mainly about
A．There is no increasing need for consumerism.
B．Old virtue of being frugal is still not outdated.
C．Tips on saving money are important for the young.
D．Consumerism has an impact on economic development.
（2023上·云南昆明·高二云南师大附中校联考期中）In 1931, Americans were suffering through the Great Depression. It was The Good Earth by Pearl Buck that brought comfort, the top-selling book that year.
Born into a religious workers’ family in 1892, Pearl Buck left the United States and moved to China with her parents. Her education began at home with her mother teaching her American school things while a Chinese tutor taught her other subjects, including writings of Confucius. In 1910, she went back to America to study philosophy. After graduation, she returned to China and married John Lossing Buck, an agriculture expert, eventually settling down in a small village in the north of China.
Had it not been for their first child Carol, who had an unusual disease causing her to have trouble learning, Pearl Buck might never have become a famous writer. The reason was money. She needed it to pay for her daughter’s care. She recalled why she chose China and its people as the subjects, “If none of you want to write these wonderful farmers. I will write about them. So, I wrote The Good Earth.”
The Good Earth tells the story of a poor Chinese man named Wang Lung and his wife O-Lan. It recounts how they work hard and finally make enough money to purchase some land for a farm. They stick to the land even in times of starvation, themselves begging on the streets. Experiencing ups and downs, Wang finds happiness in owning land and raising crops. He even forbids his sons to sell the land after his death.
Pearl Buck told her China stories with honesty and Americans were impressed by the new images of the Chinese totally different from those in Hollywood movies. The book earned Pearl Buck the Pulitzer Prize and was later adapted into an Oscar-winning movie. In 1938, she became the first American woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.
1．How did Pearl Buck benefit from her education
A．She thought the best education lay in home.
B．She highly appreciated education in the countryside.
C．She preferred Chinese education to Western education.
D．She gained a lot from a combination of different styles of education.
2．Why did Pearl Buck decide to write books
A．Some Chinese advised her to do it. B．She was in desperate need of money.
C．She couldn’t bear the boring rural life. D．She desired a good education for her kid.
3．What can we infer from Paragraph 4
A．Good fortune always favors the characters.
B．Owning land is the lifeline for Chinese farmers.
C．Chinese farmers lead a terribly miserable life.
D．The characters make a fortune by buying and selling land.
4．What is the text mainly about
A．The moral values of The Good Earth.
B．The fighting spirit of Chinese farmers.
C．A woman writer’s sacrifice to save her ill child.
D．A woman’s great China-themed literary achievements.
（2023上·江苏泰州·高三姜堰中学校考期中）Researchers have claimed a major step forward in the field of organ transplantation after a monkey survived for more than two years with a genetically engineered pig kidney.
Scientists have spent decades working out whether animal organs could ever work properly and safely in humans without them being rejected by the patient’s immune system, but the challenges have proved immense.
For the latest trial, researchers used a gene-editing tool called Crispr to alter genes in Yucatan miniature pigs before transplanting their kidneys into macaques (猕猴). The modifications altered genes to prevent organ rejection and remove pig viruses that could potentially be activated in recipients.
Writing in the journal Nature, the scientists describe how 21 monkeys got on after their kidneys were removed and a single genetically modified pig kidney was implanted. Monkeys typically survived no more than 24 days when the kidneys were edited to disable three genes that triggered immune rejection. But when the scientists added seven human genes that reduce blood clotting (结块), inflammation and other immune reactions, the monkeys survived seven times longer, typically for 176 days. When combined with treatment to restrain the immune system, the researchers report that one monkey survived for more than two years — 758 days — with the transplanted organ.
Curtis, the chief executive of eGenesis, said the long-term survival of at least some of the monkeys had put eGenesis on course to satisfy the US Food and Drug Administration requirement to see at least 12 months’ survival in animals before the team can launch a clinical trial in humans. “We are well on our way there,” Curtis said. “There simply aren’t enough kidneys to go around. In our opinion it’s the only near-term practicable solution.”
The team uses Yucatan miniature pigs as donors because at maturity their kidneys are roughly the same size of those in the adult human. In the monkey trial, the kidneys were transplanted at two to three months when the organs were much smaller.
Prof Tatsuo Kawai, an author on the study at Harvard Medical School, said the scientists expected the modified pig organs to perform better in humans than monkeys because “they are a better match”.
1．What do researchers do with the Yucatan miniature pigs
A．They altered their immune systems. B．They changed their genes to prevent rejection.
C．They used them to produce a gene-editing tool. D．They transplanted their kidneys into human beings.
2．Which of the following statements is true
A．The 21 monkeys were implanted with a healthy pig kidney.
B．The monkeys usually survived less than 24 days previously.
C．Researchers removed three genes causing immune rejections from the kidneys.
D．Monkeys can survive much longer if their genes are modified property.
3．What’s Curtis’ attitude towards the result of the experiment
A．Dissatisfied. B．Doubtful. C．Content. D．Indifferent.
4．What’s the main idea of the passage
A．Monkey survives for over two years with a genetically engineered pig kidney.
B．A big breakthrough has been made in the field of organ transplantation.
C．Animal organs can work in an effective way in the bodies of human beings.
D．It’s high time to make some adjustments to human immune system.
（2023·浙江金华·校联考一模）If you’ve got more than one kid, you’re showing favoritism, whether you know it or not.
“Parents may favor one child over another, for a lot of reasons. The child may have an easy temperament (性情) or might behave particularly well or may look like you,” says Susan Newman, a psychologist. “But regardless of the reason, every child must be made to feel loved and special, in order to fully develop.” Newman warns that favoring one child over their siblings (兄弟姐妹) publicly can have a significantly negative effect.
“The unfavored child can feel defeated, and unmotivated, as a result of working hard to get parental support, with no success,” says Yelena Gidenko, a licensed counselor. “He orshe may also suffer from depression and become angry, bitter, or jealous,” she adds Children feeling this way may act out, in an effort to get their parent’s attention, making matters worse. They may also behave inappropriately, becoming the black sheep, which they believe their parents already see. “Unfavored children may have a hard time accepting who they are, since they do not feel accepted by their parents,” adds Gidenko.
Favoritism is not exactly a boon for the favored child, either. Kids who feel that they are their parent’s favorite sometimes translate that into a go pass for their behavior in future relationships. “Favored children may feel a sense of entitlement, and that rules do not apply to them,” says Gidenko. This can negatively affect the way they act in school, at work, and in their friendships.
It may seem absurd, but the opposite can also occur. Favored children may experience anxiety and insecurity, resulting from their favorite child status. “Children are observant. They know when they are getting praise for things they have not earned, such as being your favorite. For this reason, they know, and fear, that these things might be taken away from them at any time, for any reason,” says Gidenko
Newman urges parents to remember that it’s not possible to treat children equally because they are all different. What parents can, and should do is talk to their kids about how, and why, they treat them the way they do. “According to research, parents don’t talk about this. They don’t say why one child gets more time than another. If they do, they are preserving their bond with each child,” says Newman
1．What can we learn about unfavored children
A．They want to please their parents
B．They care little about their siblings.
C．They tend to lack a sense of identity
D．They hope to be the black sheep of the family.
2．What does the underlined word “boon” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Blessing. B．Challenge. C．Honor. D．Burden.
3．What does Newman suggest parents do in the last paragraph
A．Treat their children equally
B．Explain themselves to their children
C．Strengthen their bond with their children
D．Remove the differences between their children
4．What is the text mainly about
A．The solutions to parental favoritism
B．The consequences of parental favoritism
C．An analysis of why parents play favorites
D．A contrast between favored and unfavored children
（2023·浙江金华·校联考一模）The sharp fin (鳍). The rows upon rows of sharp teeth. The large black eyes. The sharks you see on television in Jaws or Discovery’s ”Shark Week“ are not the friendliest looking creatures. They aren’t exactly an animal you want to find near you while swimming in the ocean. Despite their portrayals (刻画) in movies and popular culture, sharks are complicated, misunderstood creatures that are weaker than they appear.
One very common misunderstanding about sharks is their desire to hunt humans. Actually when sharks attack humans, it is because they mistake a human for their normal prey (猎物),seals or dolphins. They don’t seek out humans on purpose. Statistically, you are more likely to be struck by lightning than be bitten by a shark.
Sharks are very important to the ocean as they are at the top of the food chain. Some sharks even control the balance of an ecosystem through fear alone. Tiger sharks in Australia help protect seagrass meadows from turtles. Turtles eat the seagrass and without the sharks, will destroy these meadows. When tiger sharks are present though, the turtles are scared away, holding back their appetite for seagrass and protecting its growth.
Though sharks have a reputation for being very scary to humans, the sad truth is that they should be scared of humans. The number of sharks in the ocean is steadily dropping. There are a few reasons for this. For one, they mature quite slowly, over several years, and produce relatively few young. For another, overfishing of sharks is happening because more and more people want their fins. About 100 million sharks are killed every year according to National Geographic. Shark fin is a way for people to show off their wealth. Shark fins are also believed to have medicinal benefits, though there is no evidence or proof that they actually do.
1．What do most people think about sharks
A．They are ugly.
B．They are important
C．They are violent.
D．They are complicated.
2．The author compares shark bites to lightning strikes to show they are_________.
A．Deadly B．rare C．unavoidable D．unpredictable
3．Why should sharks be scared of humans according to the author
A．Humans keep sharks to show off.
B．Humans kill sharks in large quantities.
C．Humans catch sharks for medical research.
D．Humans are greater in number than sharks
4．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．SOS: Save Our Sharks!
B．Sharks: King of the Ocean
C．Shark Fins: An Ecological Crisis
D．Sharks: Killers or Misunderstood
（2023·湖北襄阳·襄阳四中校考模拟预测）Swot satellite is scheduled to be launched Thursday morning to conduct a comprehensive survey of Earth’s vital resource. By using advanced microwave radar technology it will collect height-surface measurements of oceans, lakes and rivers in high-definition de tail over 90% of the globe. It’s really the first time to observe nearly all water on the planet’s surface.
The major mission is to explore how oceans help to minimize climate change by absorbing atmospheric heat and carbon dioxide in a natural process. Oceans are estimated to have absorbed more than 90% of the extra heat trapped in the Earth’s atmosphere by human-caused greenhouse gases. Swot will scan the seas from the orbit and precisely measure fine differences in surface elevations (高度) around smaller currents and eddies (漩涡), where much of the oceans’ decrease of heat and carbon is believed to occur. “Studying the mechanism will help climate scientists answer a key question: What is the turning point at which oceans start releasing, rather than absorbing, huge amounts of heat back into the atmosphere and speed up global warming, rather than limiting it,” said Nadya Shiffer, Swot’s program scientist.
By comparison, earlier studies of water bodies relied on data of rivers or oceans taken at specific points, or from satellites that can only track measurements along a one-dimensional line, requiring scientists to fill in data gaps through extrapolation (外推法). Thanks to the radar instrument, Swot can scan through cloud cover and darkness over wide ranges of the Earth. This enables scientists to accurately map their observations in two dimensions regardless of weather or time of day and to cover large geographic areas far more quickly than was previously possible.
“Rather than giving us a line of elevations, it’s giving us a map of elevations, and that’s just a total gamechanger,” said Tamlin Pavelsky, Swot freshwater science leader.
1．What makes it possible for Swot to measure precisely
A．Advanced radar technology. B．The high-definition computer.
C．The three-dimensional image. D．An accurate map of elevations.
2．What is the major mission of Swot
A．To explore the influences of greenhouse gases.
B．To tackle the consequence of global warming.
C．To study the mechanism of oceans influencing climate.
D．To identify the causes of water absorbing heat and CO2.
3．What is Tamlin’s attitude towards Swot’s performance
A．Objective. B．Vague. C．Uninterested. D．Approving.
4．Which is the most suitable title for the text
A．A Solution to Climate Change B．First Global Water Survey from Space
C．A Breakthrough in Space Travel D．The Successful Launch of Swot Satellite
19阅读理解主旨大意题限时练
（2023上·云南昆明·高三统考期中）A penny saved is a penny earned. And more and more benny-wise young Chinese are abandoning consumerism by leading an increasingly frugal (节俭的) life by developing anti-consumerism concepts.
According to a survey by JD．com, nearly 50% of respondents would use all means to save money and more than 30% plan to become deal-hunters to fit in their budgets. More than 80% of Generation Z Chinese spend less than 5,000 yuan ($737) a month. When shopping, they care the most about practicability, personal preference and price, instead of brands, popularity and brand spokesmen.
And more than 600,000 users have joined a group named Frenzied Money Savers on Douban, a popular social media platform, where members share sometimes extreme ideas, tips, books and everything to save hard-earned money. For instance, some recommended uninstalling shopping apps such as Taobao, Meituan and Pinduoduo and installing it each time you really need to buy something so as to hold back the urge to spend. And milk tea, coffee and takeouts are strongly opposed by many.
Chinese have long established and valued the saving culture with the country’s household savings rate leading the world. Young Chinese who are born in a relatively prosperous and abundant society have learned to get rid of the addiction to consumerism and use money in a more sensible and wiser way, which could help create a more healthy and upbeat social vibe (社会风气), besides reducing the huge waste and damages to the environment caused by over consumption.
Just as the American writer Theodore Thornton said, the habit of saving is itself an education. Yet saving is certainly not the final goal, but spending money where it truly deserves helps realize one’s life objectives. To save and spend wisely are lessons young people all over the world have to learn.
1．Why are more and more young Chinese becoming benny-wise
A．They tend to accept consumerism. B．They spend money without hesitation.
C．They are shaped by multiple cultures. D．They are in favor of economical life.
2．What may Generation Z Chinese tare the most when shopping
A．Budgets and service. B．Practicability and price.
C．Personal preference and brands. D．Shopping apps and platforms.
3．What message does the author want to convey in Paragraph 4
A．Anti-consumerism is beneficial to social progress.
B．Saving money can be many people’s life objective.
C．Many social issues mainly result from consumerism.
D．Young Chinese are lucky to be born in a prosperous society.
4．What is the text mainly about
A．There is no increasing need for consumerism.
B．Old virtue of being frugal is still not outdated.
C．Tips on saving money are important for the young.
D．Consumerism has an impact on economic development.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．B
【导语】本文是说明文。讲述了现在越来越多精明的中国年轻人正在摒弃消费主义，过着越来越节俭的生活。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“A penny saved is a penny earned. And more and more benny-wise young Chinese are abandoning consumerism by leading an increasingly frugal (节俭的) life by developing anti-consumerism concepts.(省一文就是赚一文。越来越多精明的中国年轻人正在摒弃消费主义，通过培养反消费主义的观念，过着越来越节俭的生活)”可知，是因为他们正在摒弃消费主义，赞成俭朴的生活。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“More than 80% of Generation Z Chinese spend less than 5,000 yuan ($737) a month. When shopping, they care the most about practicability, personal preference and price, instead of brands, popularity and brand spokesmen.(超过80%的Z世代中国消费者每月消费低于人民币5000元(合737美元)。在购物时，他们最关心的是实用性、个人喜好和价格，而不是品牌、知名度和品牌代言人)”可知，中国Z世代在购物时最看重实用性、个人喜好和价格。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Chinese have long established and valued the saving culture with the country’s household savings rate leading the world. Young Chinese who are born in a relatively prosperous and abundant society have learned to get rid of the addiction to consumerism and use money in a more sensible and wiser way, which could help create a more healthy and upbeat social vibe (社会风气), besides reducing the huge waste and damages to the environment caused by over consumption.(中国人很早就建立并重视储蓄文化，中国的家庭储蓄率居世界前列。出生在一个相对富裕的社会中的中国年轻人已经学会了摆脱消费瘾，以一种更明智、更明智的方式使用金钱，这可以帮助创造一个更健康、更乐观的社会氛围，此外还可以减少过度消费造成的巨大浪费和对环境的破坏)”可知，本段主要讲述摆脱消费瘾，以一种更明智、更明智的方式使用金钱，这可以帮助创造一个更健康、更乐观的社会氛围，也就是反消费主义有利于社会进步。故选A项。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A penny saved is a penny earned. And more and more benny-wise young Chinese are abandoning consumerism by leading an increasingly frugal (节俭的) life by developing anti-consumerism concepts.(省一文就是赚一文。越来越多精明的中国年轻人正在摒弃消费主义，通过培养反消费主义的观念，过着越来越节俭的生活)”以及最后一段“Just as the American writer Theodore Thornton said, the habit of saving is itself an education. Yet saving is certainly not the final goal, but spending money where it truly deserves helps realize one’s life objectives. To save and spend wisely are lessons young people all over the world have to learn.(正如美国作家西奥多·桑顿所说，储蓄的习惯本身就是一种教育。然而，储蓄当然不是最终目标，但把钱花在真正值得的地方有助于实现一个人的人生目标。储蓄和明智消费是全世界年轻人必须学习的课程)”可知，本文主要讲述了越来越多精明的中国年轻人正在摒弃消费主义，过着越来越节俭的生活，而储蓄和明智消费是全世界年轻人必须学习的课程，所以B项“Old virtue of being frugal is still not outdated.(节俭的旧美德仍然没有过时)”最能概括文章内容。故选B项。
（2023上·云南昆明·高二云南师大附中校联考期中）In 1931, Americans were suffering through the Great Depression. It was The Good Earth by Pearl Buck that brought comfort, the top-selling book that year.
Born into a religious workers’ family in 1892, Pearl Buck left the United States and moved to China with her parents. Her education began at home with her mother teaching her American school things while a Chinese tutor taught her other subjects, including writings of Confucius. In 1910, she went back to America to study philosophy. After graduation, she returned to China and married John Lossing Buck, an agriculture expert, eventually settling down in a small village in the north of China.
Had it not been for their first child Carol, who had an unusual disease causing her to have trouble learning, Pearl Buck might never have become a famous writer. The reason was money. She needed it to pay for her daughter’s care. She recalled why she chose China and its people as the subjects, “If none of you want to write these wonderful farmers. I will write about them. So, I wrote The Good Earth.”
The Good Earth tells the story of a poor Chinese man named Wang Lung and his wife O-Lan. It recounts how they work hard and finally make enough money to purchase some land for a farm. They stick to the land even in times of starvation, themselves begging on the streets. Experiencing ups and downs, Wang finds happiness in owning land and raising crops. He even forbids his sons to sell the land after his death.
Pearl Buck told her China stories with honesty and Americans were impressed by the new images of the Chinese totally different from those in Hollywood movies. The book earned Pearl Buck the Pulitzer Prize and was later adapted into an Oscar-winning movie. In 1938, she became the first American woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.
1．How did Pearl Buck benefit from her education
A．She thought the best education lay in home.
B．She highly appreciated education in the countryside.
C．She preferred Chinese education to Western education.
D．She gained a lot from a combination of different styles of education.
2．Why did Pearl Buck decide to write books
A．Some Chinese advised her to do it. B．She was in desperate need of money.
C．She couldn’t bear the boring rural life. D．She desired a good education for her kid.
3．What can we infer from Paragraph 4
A．Good fortune always favors the characters.
B．Owning land is the lifeline for Chinese farmers.
C．Chinese farmers lead a terribly miserable life.
D．The characters make a fortune by buying and selling land.
4．What is the text mainly about
A．The moral values of The Good Earth.
B．The fighting spirit of Chinese farmers.
C．A woman writer’s sacrifice to save her ill child.
D．A woman’s great China-themed literary achievements.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了美国作家赛珍珠的个人经历、著作《大地》以及取得的成就。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Her education began at home with her mother teaching her American school things while a Chinese tutor taught her other subjects, including writings of Confucius.(她的教育是从家里开始的，母亲教她美国学校的东西，而一位中国家庭教师教她其他科目，包括孔子的著作)”可知，赛珍珠从不同教育方式的结合中学到了很多。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Had it not been for their first child Carol, who had an unusual disease causing her to have trouble learning, Pearl Buck might never have become a famous writer. The reason was money.(如果不是他们的第一个孩子卡罗尔患有一种罕见的疾病，导致她在学习上有困难，赛珍珠可能永远不会成为一个著名的作家。原因是钱)”可知，赛珍珠决定写书是因为她急需钱。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段“It recounts how they work hard and finally make enough money to purchase some land for a farm. They stick to the land even in times of starvation, themselves begging on the streets. Experiencing ups and downs, Wang finds happiness in owning land and raising crops. He even forbids his sons to sell the land after his death.(它讲述了他们如何努力工作，最终赚到足够的钱来购买一些土地作为农场。即使在饥饿的时候，他们也坚守在土地上，自己在街上乞讨。经历了起起落落，王在拥有土地和种植庄稼中找到了幸福。他甚至禁止他的儿子在他死后卖掉土地)”可推知，拥有土地是中国农民的生命线。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Pearl Buck told her China stories with honesty and Americans were impressed by the new images of the Chinese totally different from those in Hollywood movies. The book earned Pearl Buck the Pulitzer Prize and was later adapted into an Oscar-winning movie. In 1938, she became the first American woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.(赛珍珠诚实地讲述了她的中国故事，美国人被完全不同于好莱坞电影中的中国人的新形象所打动。这本书为赛珍珠赢得了普利策奖，后来被改编成奥斯卡获奖电影。1938年，她成为第一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的美国女性)”结合文章主要讲述了美国作家赛珍珠的个人经历、著作《大地》以及取得的成就。可知，这篇文章的主要内容是一位女性伟大的中国主题文学成就。故选D。
（2023上·江苏泰州·高三姜堰中学校考期中）Researchers have claimed a major step forward in the field of organ transplantation after a monkey survived for more than two years with a genetically engineered pig kidney.
Scientists have spent decades working out whether animal organs could ever work properly and safely in humans without them being rejected by the patient’s immune system, but the challenges have proved immense.
For the latest trial, researchers used a gene-editing tool called Crispr to alter genes in Yucatan miniature pigs before transplanting their kidneys into macaques (猕猴). The modifications altered genes to prevent organ rejection and remove pig viruses that could potentially be activated in recipients.
Writing in the journal Nature, the scientists describe how 21 monkeys got on after their kidneys were removed and a single genetically modified pig kidney was implanted. Monkeys typically survived no more than 24 days when the kidneys were edited to disable three genes that triggered immune rejection. But when the scientists added seven human genes that reduce blood clotting (结块), inflammation and other immune reactions, the monkeys survived seven times longer, typically for 176 days. When combined with treatment to restrain the immune system, the researchers report that one monkey survived for more than two years — 758 days — with the transplanted organ.
Curtis, the chief executive of eGenesis, said the long-term survival of at least some of the monkeys had put eGenesis on course to satisfy the US Food and Drug Administration requirement to see at least 12 months’ survival in animals before the team can launch a clinical trial in humans. “We are well on our way there,” Curtis said. “There simply aren’t enough kidneys to go around. In our opinion it’s the only near-term practicable solution.”
The team uses Yucatan miniature pigs as donors because at maturity their kidneys are roughly the same size of those in the adult human. In the monkey trial, the kidneys were transplanted at two to three months when the organs were much smaller.
Prof Tatsuo Kawai, an author on the study at Harvard Medical School, said the scientists expected the modified pig organs to perform better in humans than monkeys because “they are a better match”.
1．What do researchers do with the Yucatan miniature pigs
A．They altered their immune systems. B．They changed their genes to prevent rejection.
C．They used them to produce a gene-editing tool. D．They transplanted their kidneys into human beings.
2．Which of the following statements is true
A．The 21 monkeys were implanted with a healthy pig kidney.
B．The monkeys usually survived less than 24 days previously.
C．Researchers removed three genes causing immune rejections from the kidneys.
D．Monkeys can survive much longer if their genes are modified property.
3．What’s Curtis’ attitude towards the result of the experiment
A．Dissatisfied. B．Doubtful. C．Content. D．Indifferent.
4．What’s the main idea of the passage
A．Monkey survives for over two years with a genetically engineered pig kidney.
B．A big breakthrough has been made in the field of organ transplantation.
C．Animal organs can work in an effective way in the bodies of human beings.
D．It’s high time to make some adjustments to human immune system.
【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究人员声称，在器官移植领域取得了重大进展，一只猴子在移植了基因工程猪肾脏后存活了两年多。文章主要介绍了研究开展的具体过程以及科学家们预计，经过改造的猪器官在人类身上的表现会比在猴子身上更好，因为“它们更匹配”。
1．细节理解题。根据第三段“The modifications altered genes to prevent organ rejection and remove pig viruses that could potentially be activated in recipients.(这些修改改变了基因，以防止器官排斥，并去除可能在受体体内被激活的猪病毒)”可知，研究人员修改了尤卡坦迷你猪的基因来防止排斥。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Monkeys typically survived no more than 24 days when the kidneys were edited to disable three genes that triggered immune rejection.(当对猴子的肾脏进行编辑，使引发免疫排斥的三个基因失效时，猴子通常存活不超过24天)”可知，B选项“猴子通常存活不到24天”正确。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段““We are well on our way there,” Curtis said. “There simply aren’t enough kidneys to go around. In our opinion it’s the only near-term practicable solution.”(柯蒂斯说：“我们正在朝着那个目标前进。根本没有足够的肾脏。在我们看来，这是近期唯一可行的解决方案。”)”可推知，柯蒂斯对实验结果的态度是满意。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Researchers have claimed a major step forward in the field of organ transplantation after a monkey survived for more than two years with a genetically engineered pig kidney.(研究人员声称，在器官移植领域取得了重大进展，一只猴子在移植了基因工程猪肾脏后存活了两年多)”结合文章主要介绍了研究开展的具体过程以及科学家们预计，经过改造的猪器官在人类身上的表现会比在猴子身上更好，因为“它们更匹配”。可知，这篇文章的主旨是一只猴子用基因改造的猪肾存活了两年多。故选A。
（2023·浙江金华·校联考一模）If you’ve got more than one kid, you’re showing favoritism, whether you know it or not.
“Parents may favor one child over another, for a lot of reasons. The child may have an easy temperament (性情) or might behave particularly well or may look like you,” says Susan Newman, a psychologist. “But regardless of the reason, every child must be made to feel loved and special, in order to fully develop.” Newman warns that favoring one child over their siblings (兄弟姐妹) publicly can have a significantly negative effect.
“The unfavored child can feel defeated, and unmotivated, as a result of working hard to get parental support, with no success,” says Yelena Gidenko, a licensed counselor. “He orshe may also suffer from depression and become angry, bitter, or jealous,” she adds Children feeling this way may act out, in an effort to get their parent’s attention, making matters worse. They may also behave inappropriately, becoming the black sheep, which they believe their parents already see. “Unfavored children may have a hard time accepting who they are, since they do not feel accepted by their parents,” adds Gidenko.
Favoritism is not exactly a boon for the favored child, either. Kids who feel that they are their parent’s favorite sometimes translate that into a go pass for their behavior in future relationships. “Favored children may feel a sense of entitlement, and that rules do not apply to them,” says Gidenko. This can negatively affect the way they act in school, at work, and in their friendships.
It may seem absurd, but the opposite can also occur. Favored children may experience anxiety and insecurity, resulting from their favorite child status. “Children are observant. They know when they are getting praise for things they have not earned, such as being your favorite. For this reason, they know, and fear, that these things might be taken away from them at any time, for any reason,” says Gidenko
Newman urges parents to remember that it’s not possible to treat children equally because they are all different. What parents can, and should do is talk to their kids about how, and why, they treat them the way they do. “According to research, parents don’t talk about this. They don’t say why one child gets more time than another. If they do, they are preserving their bond with each child,” says Newman
1．What can we learn about unfavored children
A．They want to please their parents
B．They care little about their siblings.
C．They tend to lack a sense of identity
D．They hope to be the black sheep of the family.
2．What does the underlined word “boon” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Blessing. B．Challenge. C．Honor. D．Burden.
3．What does Newman suggest parents do in the last paragraph
A．Treat their children equally
B．Explain themselves to their children
C．Strengthen their bond with their children
D．Remove the differences between their children
4．What is the text mainly about
A．The solutions to parental favoritism
B．The consequences of parental favoritism
C．An analysis of why parents play favorites
D．A contrast between favored and unfavored children
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，指出在有多个孩子的家庭中，父母很可能会出现对某个孩子的偏爱，无论他们自己是否意识到。
1．推理判断题。根据第三段““The unfavored child can feel defeated, and unmotivated, as a result of working hard to get parental support, with no success,” says Yelena Gidenko, a licensed counselor. “He orshe may also suffer from depression and become angry, bitter, or jealous,” she adds Children feeling this way may act out, in an effort to get their parent’s attention, making matters worse. They may also behave inappropriately, becoming the black sheep, which they believe their parents already see. “Unfavored children may have a hard time accepting who they are, since they do not feel accepted by their parents,” adds Gidenko.(持证心理咨询师叶莲娜·吉登科(Yelena Gidenko)说：“不受宠爱的孩子会感到挫败，没有动力，因为他们努力获得父母的支持，却没有成功。”她补充说：“他或她也可能患有抑郁症，变得愤怒、痛苦或嫉妒。”有这种感觉的孩子可能会采取行动，试图引起父母的注意，使事情变得更糟。他们也可能表现得不得体，成为害群之马，他们认为父母已经看到了这一点。“不受宠爱的孩子可能很难接受自己，因为他们觉得自己不被父母接受，”金登科补充道。)”可推知，不受宠爱的孩子他们往往缺乏认同感，所以试图引起父母的注意。故选C项。
2．词句猜测题。根据后文“Kids who feel that they are their parent’s favorite sometimes translate that into a go pass for their behavior in future relationships. “Favored children may feel a sense of entitlement, and that rules do not apply to them,” says Gidenko. This can negatively affect the way they act in school, at work, and in their friendships.(那些觉得自己是父母最爱的孩子有时会把这种感觉转化为他们在未来关系中的行为。“受宠的孩子可能会有一种权利感，觉得规则不适用于他们，”金登科说。这会对他们在学校、工作和友谊中的表现产生负面影响)”可知，本段主要讲述了偏袒对被偏爱的孩子来说，也不完全是好处，所以推知boon意为“益处”和A项意思相近。故选A项。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Newman urges parents to remember that it’s not possible to treat children equally because they are all different. What parents can, and should do is talk to their kids about how, and why, they treat them the way they do. “According to research, parents don’t talkabout this. They don’t say why one child gets more time than another. If they do, they are preserving their bond with each child,” says Newman(纽曼敦促父母记住，不可能平等对待孩子，因为他们都是不同的。父母能做的，也应该做的，是告诉他们的孩子，他们是如何对待他们的，以及为什么要这样对待他们。“根据研究，父母不会谈论这个问题。他们没有说为什么一个孩子比另一个孩子得到更多的时间。如果他们这样做，他们就保留了与每个孩子的联系，”纽曼说)”可知，纽曼在本段建议父母加强他们与孩子的联系。故选B项。
4．主旨大意题。根据第二段““Parents may favor one child over another, for a lot of reasons. The child may have an easy temperament (性情) or might behave particularly well or may look like you,” says Susan Newman, a psychologist. “But regardless of the reason, every child must be made to feel loved and special, in order to fully develop.” Newman warns that favoring one child over their siblings (兄弟姐妹) publicly can have a significantly negative effect.(“出于很多原因，父母可能会偏爱一个孩子。这个孩子可能性情随和，或者表现得特别好，或者长得像你，”心理学家苏珊·纽曼(Susan Newman)说。“但不管是什么原因，为了全面发展，每个孩子都必须感受到爱和特别。”纽曼警告说，公开地偏爱一个孩子而不是他们的兄弟姐妹会产生明显的负面影响)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了父母偏爱的后果。故选B项。
（2023·浙江金华·校联考一模）The sharp fin (鳍). The rows upon rows of sharp teeth. The large black eyes. The sharks you see on television in Jaws or Discovery’s ”Shark Week“ are not the friendliest looking creatures. They aren’t exactly an animal you want to find near you while swimming in the ocean. Despite their portrayals (刻画) in movies and popular culture, sharks are complicated, misunderstood creatures that are weaker than they appear.
One very common misunderstanding about sharks is their desire to hunt humans. Actually when sharks attack humans, it is because they mistake a human for their normal prey (猎物),seals or dolphins. They don’t seek out humans on purpose. Statistically, you are more likely to be struck by lightning than be bitten by a shark.
Sharks are very important to the ocean as they are at the top of the food chain. Some sharks even control the balance of an ecosystem through fear alone. Tiger sharks in Australia help protect seagrass meadows from turtles. Turtles eat the seagrass and without the sharks, will destroy these meadows. When tiger sharks are present though, the turtles are scared away, holding back their appetite for seagrass and protecting its growth.
Though sharks have a reputation for being very scary to humans, the sad truth is that they should be scared of humans. The number of sharks in the ocean is steadily dropping. There are a few reasons for this. For one, they mature quite slowly, over several years, and produce relatively few young. For another, overfishing of sharks is happening because more and more people want their fins. About 100 million sharks are killed every year according to National Geographic. Shark fin is a way for people to show off their wealth. Shark fins are also believed to have medicinal benefits, though there is no evidence or proof that they actually do.
1．What do most people think about sharks
A．They are ugly.
B．They are important
C．They are violent.
D．They are complicated.
2．The author compares shark bites to lightning strikes to show they are_________.
A．Deadly B．rare C．unavoidable D．unpredictable
3．Why should sharks be scared of humans according to the author
A．Humans keep sharks to show off.
B．Humans kill sharks in large quantities.
C．Humans catch sharks for medical research.
D．Humans are greater in number than sharks
4．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．SOS: Save Our Sharks!
B．Sharks: King of the Ocean
C．Shark Fins: An Ecological Crisis
D．Sharks: Killers or Misunderstood
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人们对鲨鱼的误解，鲨鱼在海洋生态系统中的重要性，以及鲨鱼面临的威胁和生存状态。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“One very common misunderstanding about sharks is their desire to hunt humans. Actually when sharks attack humans, it is because they mistake a human for their normal prey(猎物),seals or dolphins. They don’t seek out humans on purpose.(关于鲨鱼的一个很常见的误解是它们想猎杀人类。事实上，当鲨鱼攻击人类时，那是因为它们把人类误认为是它们的正常猎物，海豹或海豚。它们不会故意寻找人类。)”可知，大多数人对鲨鱼的误解是鲨鱼想要猎杀人类，也就是鲨鱼是暴力的。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“They don’t seek out humans on purpose. Statistically, you are more likely to be struck by lightning than be bitten by a shark.(它们不会故意寻找人类。据统计，你被闪电击中的可能性比被鲨鱼咬伤的可能性更大。)”可知，作者将被鲨鱼咬伤的可能性和被闪电击中的可能性相比较是为了说明被鲨鱼咬伤的可能性极小。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Though sharks have a reputation for being very scary to humans, the sad truth is that they should be scared of humans. The number of sharks in the ocean is steadily dropping. There are a few reasons for this. For one, they mature quite slowly, over several years, and produce relatively few young. For another, overfishing of sharks is happening because more and more people want their fins.(虽然鲨鱼对人类来说是非常可怕的，但可悲的事实是它们应该害怕人类。海洋中鲨鱼的数量正在稳步下降。这有几个原因。首先，它们成熟得很慢，需要几年的时间，而且产生的幼崽相对较少。另一方面，鲨鱼的过度捕捞正在发生，因为越来越多的人想要它们的鳍。)”可知，鲨鱼应该惧怕人类是因为人类过度捕捞鲨鱼。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The sharp fin(鳍). The rows upon rows of sharp teeth. The large black eyes. The sharks you see on television in Jaws or Discovery’s ”Shark Week“ are not the friendliest looking creatures. They aren’t exactly an animal you want to find near you while swimming in the ocean. Despite their portrayals(刻画) in movies and popular culture, sharks are complicated, misunderstood creatures that are weaker than they appear.(尖锐的鳍。一排排锋利的牙齿。又大又黑的眼睛。你在电视节目《大白鲨》或探索频道的“鲨鱼周”中看到的鲨鱼并不是看起来最友好的生物。当你在海里游泳时，你不会想在你附近找到它们。尽管鲨鱼在电影和流行文化中被描绘成这样，但它们是一种复杂的、被误解的生物，比它们看起来的要弱。)”以及全文内容可知，本文主要是讲解了人们对鲨鱼的误解以及鲨鱼的真实情况等。所以短文的最佳的标题为“鲨鱼:杀手还是被误解了？”故选D。
（2023·湖北襄阳·襄阳四中校考模拟预测）Swot satellite is scheduled to be launched Thursday morning to conduct a comprehensive survey of Earth’s vital resource. By using advanced microwave radar technology it will collect height-surface measurements of oceans, lakes and rivers in high-definition de tail over 90% of the globe. It’s really the first time to observe nearly all water on the planet’s surface.
The major mission is to explore how oceans help to minimize climate change by absorbing atmospheric heat and carbon dioxide in a natural process. Oceans are estimated to have absorbed more than 90% of the extra heat trapped in the Earth’s atmosphere by human-caused greenhouse gases. Swot will scan the seas from the orbit and precisely measure fine differences in surface elevations (高度) around smaller currents and eddies (漩涡), where much of the oceans’ decrease of heat and carbon is believed to occur. “Studying the mechanism will help climate scientists answer a key question: What is the turning point at which oceans start releasing, rather than absorbing, huge amounts of heat back into the atmosphere and speed up global warming, rather than limiting it,” said Nadya Shiffer, Swot’s program scientist.
By comparison, earlier studies of water bodies relied on data of rivers or oceans taken at specific points, or from satellites that can only track measurements along a one-dimensional line, requiring scientists to fill in data gaps through extrapolation (外推法). Thanks to the radar instrument, Swot can scan through cloud cover and darkness over wide ranges of the Earth. This enables scientists to accurately map their observations in two dimensions regardless of weather or time of day and to cover large geographic areas far more quickly than was previously possible.
“Rather than giving us a line of elevations, it’s giving us a map of elevations, and that’s just a total gamechanger,” said Tamlin Pavelsky, Swot freshwater science leader.
1．What makes it possible for Swot to measure precisely
A．Advanced radar technology. B．The high-definition computer.
C．The three-dimensional image. D．An accurate map of elevations.
2．What is the major mission of Swot
A．To explore the influences of greenhouse gases.
B．To tackle the consequence of global warming.
C．To study the mechanism of oceans influencing climate.
D．To identify the causes of water absorbing heat and CO2.
3．What is Tamlin’s attitude towards Swot’s performance
A．Objective. B．Vague. C．Uninterested. D．Approving.
4．Which is the most suitable title for the text
A．A Solution to Climate Change B．First Global Water Survey from Space
C．A Breakthrough in Space Travel D．The Successful Launch of Swot Satellite
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章报道了名为Swot的卫星将于周四上午被送入太空，它通过先进的微波雷达技术将全面绘制地球上的水域地图，帮助科学家了解海洋如何帮助阻止气候变化。
1．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Thanks to the radar instrument, Swot can scan through cloud cover and darkness over wide ranges of the Earth. This enables scientists to accurately map their observations in two dimensions regardless of weather or time of day and to cover large geographic areas far more quickly than was previously possible.(多亏了雷达仪器，Swot可以在地球的大范围内扫描云层和黑暗。这使得科学家能够精确地绘制二维地图，无论天气如何，无论何时，覆盖大面积地理区域的速度比以前快得多)”可知，先进的雷达技术使得Swot能够精确测量。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The major mission is to explore how oceans help to minimize climate change by absorbing atmospheric heat and carbon dioxide in a natural process.(其主要任务是探索海洋如何通过自然过程吸收大气热量和二氧化碳来调节气候变化)”可知，Swot卫星的主要任务是研究海洋如何影响气候变化。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘Rather than giving us a line of elevations, it’s giving us a map of elevations, and that’s just a total gamechanger,’ said Tamlin Pavelsky, Swot freshwater science leader.(Swot淡水科学负责人Tamlin Pavelsky说：‘它不是给我们一条海拔线，而是给我们一张海拔地图，这完全改变了游戏规则。’)”可推知，Tamlin对于Swot的表现很赞成，故选D。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Swot satellite is scheduled to be launched Thursday morning to conduct a comprehensive survey of Earth’s vital resource. By using advanced microwave radar technology it will collect height-surface measurements of oceans, lakes and rivers in high-definition de tail over 90% of the globe. It’s really the first time to observe nearly all water on the planet’s surface.(Swot卫星计划于周四上午发射，对地球的重要资源进行全面调查。通过使用先进的微波雷达技术，它将收集全球90%以上的海洋、湖泊和河流的高清晰度表面测量数据。这真的是第一次观察到地球表面几乎所有的水)”可知，文章报道了计划于周四上午发射的Swot卫星，通过使用先进的微波雷达技术，它将收集全球90%以上的海洋、湖泊和河流的高清晰度表面测量数据。这是第一次从太空观察到地球表面几乎所有的水。由此可知，B项“第一次从太空进行的全球水资源调查”是文章最佳标题。故选B。
19
