丰台区2023~2024学年度第一学期期末练习
高三英语
2024. 01
本试卷共12页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
笔试(共三部分100分)
第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
All my friends had made the football cheerleading team except me. My name was ___1___ from the list. I still sat with them at lunch, still laughed at their jokes, ___2___ I felt as if I didn’t belong. I fought back tears, wanting to be strong.
Knowing that next year would bring a new round of try-outs, I started practicing and was determined to see my name on the list. However, my dad suggested that I get involved in a school-sport-___3___ as anyone could sign up with no try-outs. I had no idea what I was getting myself into. I only ___4___ I might participate in it until I made the cheerleading team again.
On the track team, running pushed me to work harder than I ever knew I could. Race after race, I continued to feel my lungs burning from the ___5___. I guessed that I wanted to ___6___ myself to see if I could improve my running time.
The next year when spring came around, I was thrilled to make the football cheerleading team, when, incredibly, I received a letter from a new cross-country coach, ___7___ me to join his running team. I didn’t have a reason for choosing running over cheerleading, ___8___ the fact that I followed my heart.
When I called the coach and told him I would give it a try, I never realized that one simple ___9___ would change the direction of my life. Within one year, I became one of the fastest female cross-country runners.
We can be who we were born to be or we can just follow the crowd. And when I chose to be a runner, I chose to be _____10_____ to myself.
1. A. coming B. missing C. turning D. changing
2. A. but B. so C. or D. for
3. A. throwing B. cheerleading C. football D. running
4. A. recorded B. heard C. figured D. concluded
5. A. effort B. diseases C. needs D. interest
6. A. accept B. challenge C. express D. treat
7. A. sending B. asking C. teaching D. reminding
8. A. in case of B. in spite of C. rather than D. other than
9. A. decision B. complaint C. evaluation D. expectation
10. A. friendly B. tolerant C. true D. respectful
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. B 8. D 9. A 10. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在足球队落选后，选择参加无需选拔的跑步队，在挑战自我的过程中不断努力，最终成为了一名优秀的越野赛跑选手的故事。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：名单上没有我的名字。A. coming来；B. missing错过，思念；C. turning转身；D. changing改变。根据“I still sat with them at lunch, still laughed at their jokes, ___2___ I felt as if I didn’t belong.”可知，作者的名字没有出现在足球啦啦队名单上。这里missing为形容词，在句中作表语，表示“缺席的；不在的”。故选B。
【2题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：我仍然和他们一起吃午饭，仍然为他们讲的笑话发笑，但我觉得自己好像不属于这里。A. but但是；B. so因此；C. or或者；D. for因为。根据“I still sat with them at lunch, still laughed at their jokes,”和“I felt as if I didn’t belong.”可知，两句之间为转折关系。故选A。
【3题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，我父亲建议我参加一项学校运动——跑步，因为任何人都可以报名参加，不需要经过选拔。A. throwing投掷；B. cheerleading啦啦队；C. football足球；D. running跑步。根据下文“On the track team, running pushed me to work harder than I ever knew I could.”可知，作者参加了跑步队。故选D。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我只是想我可能会参加直到我再次成为啦啦队员。A. recorded记录；B. heard听说；C. figured认为，想；D. concluded推断。根据“I might participate in it until I made the cheerleading team again.”可知，此处表示作者当时的想法。故选C。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一场又一场的比赛，我仍然感到我的肺在努力燃烧。A. efforts努力；B. diseases疾病；C. needs需要；D. interest兴趣。根据“On the track team, running pushed me to work harder than I ever knew I could.”可知，作者在跑步队很努力。故选A。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我猜我想挑战一下自己，看看我是否能提高我的跑步时间。A. accept接受；B. challenge挑战；C. express表达；D. treat对待。根据“to see if I could improve my running time.”可知，作者想挑战自己。故选B。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二年春天来临的时候，我兴奋地加入了足球啦啦队，但令人难以置信的是，我收到了一位新的越野教练的来信，邀请我加入他的跑步队。A. sending发送；B. asking邀请；C. teaching教；D. reminding提醒。根据“I received a letter from a new cross-country coach,”可知，新的越野教练邀请作者加入跑步队。故选B。
【8题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：我没有理由选择跑步而不是啦啦队，除了我跟随自己的心。A. in case of万一；B. in spite of尽管；C. rather than而不是；D. other than除了。根据“I didn’t have a reason for choosing running over cheerleading,”可知，除了听从自己的内心，作者没有选择啦啦队，而是选择了跑步。故选D。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我打电话给教练，告诉他我要试一试时，我从未意识到一个简单的决定会改变我的生活方向。A. decision决定；B. complaint抱怨；C. evaluation评价；D. expectation期待。根据“would change the direction of my life.”可知，一个简单的决定改变了作者的生活方向。故选A。
【10题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我选择成为一名跑步者时，我选择做真实的自己。A. friendly友好的；B. tolerant宽容的；C. true真实的；D. respectful有礼貌的。根据“We can be who we were born to be or we can just follow the crowd.”可知，作者选择做一个真正的自己，而不是随波逐流。故选C。
第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，共15分)
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The turtle dove is the UK’s fastest-declining bird species, according to a recent study. The data, ____11____ (record) by almost 1, 000 volunteers, farmers and county bird clubs, shows there are now nearly 2, 100 pairs left, down from some 125, 000 pairs in 1970. Loss of habitats and shooting in southern Europe ____12____(think)to be driving the decline. There is hope, however, as the government ____13____ (work) with landowners to allow more food supplies in the habitats now.
【答案】11. recorded
12. are thought
13. is working
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国衰退最快的鸟类物种斑鸠数量下降的原因，政府正在采取措施保护他们。
【11题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：由近1000名志愿者、农民和县鸟类俱乐部记录的数据显示，现在只剩下近2100对，低于1970年的12.5万对。分析句子可知，空处应用非谓语形式在句中作定语，且动词record与被修饰词The data构成被动关系，故用过去分词形式。故填recorded。
【12题详解】
考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：南欧栖息地的丧失和枪击事件被认为是造成这种下降的原因。句子陈述一般事实，应用一般现在时，空处动词与主语构成被动关系，句子应用被动语态，主语Loss of habitats and shooting in southern Europe“南欧栖息地的丧失和枪击事件”是两个方面，故be动词用are。故填are thought。
【13题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：然而，还是有希望的，因为现在政府正在与土地所有者合作，允许更多的食物供应到栖息地。根据句中时间状语now可知，句子应用现在进行时，主语the government为单数名词，be动词用is。故填is working。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
In May the COMA C919, China’s first domestically designed passenger plane, ____14____ (successful) completed its first flight, marking a milestone in China’s space history. So far, China has solved ____15____ (difficulty) in more than 100 key technologies and applied for more than 10,000 patents. In the past, China mainly depended ____16____ the technologies from other countries, but it is applying its own today, helping to promote the high-quality ____17____ (develop) of the country’s economy.
【答案】14. successfully
15. difficulties
16. on 17. development
【解析】
【导语】本文一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国第一架国产客机中国商飞C919成功在5月完成首飞，标志着中国航天史上的一个里程碑。
14题详解】
考查副词。句意：5月，中国第一架国产客机中国商飞C919成功完成首飞，标志着中国航天史上的一个里程碑。分析句子可知，空处修饰动词completed，应用副词successfully，在句中作状语。故填successfully。
【15题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：到目前为止，中国已经解决了100多项关键技术的困难，申请了1万多项专利。根据more than 100 key technologies可知，此处difficulty指具体困难，应用复数形式。故填difficulties。
【16题详解】
考查介词。句意：过去，中国主要依赖其他国家的技术，但今天正在应用自己的技术，有助于推动国家经济的高质量发展。depend on“依靠，依赖”为固定短语。故填on。
【17题详解】
考查名词。句意：过去，中国主要依赖其他国家的技术，但今天正在应用自己的技术，有助于推动国家经济的高质量发展。分析句子可知，空处在句中作宾语，应用名词development，不可数名词。故填development。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Anna Jones is a journalist, ____18____ first book, Divide-The Relationship Crisis Between Town and Country, was longlisted for the 2022 James Cropper Wainwright Prize. ____19____ (grow) up on a farm and working in the city have given Anna a rare insight into rural life. Anna started the non-profit communications project “Just Farmers” in 2018. She also runs a media education program to help farmers find confidence to share ____20____ they have experienced with the wider world.
【答案】18. whose
19. Growing
20. what
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了安娜·琼斯的第一本书《城乡关系危机的划分》入围2022年詹姆斯·克罗珀·温赖特奖。她从小在农村长大，使得她对农村生活有独特见解，并创立一些项目来帮助农民。
【18题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：安娜·琼斯是一名记者，她的第一本书《城乡关系危机的划分》入围2022年詹姆斯·克罗珀·温赖特奖。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且先行词Anna Jones在从句中作定语，故用关系代词whose。故填whose。
【19题详解】
考查动名词。句意：在农场长大和在城市工作让安娜对农村生活有了难得的了解。分析句子可知，空处应用动名词形式在句中和working一起作并列主语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Growing。
【20题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：她还开办了一个媒体教育项目，帮助农民找到信心，与更广泛的世界分享他们的经历。分析句子可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，且指代事情，应用连接代词what作引导词。故填what。
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
If you would like to volunteer abroad, you’ve come to the right place. Here are a variety of volunteering opportunities, including medical, sports, and wildlife conservation in Africa, which can help gain hands-on international work experience and learn things you’ll never get out of a textbook.
Medical and Healthcare Projects
If you’re a medical student hoping to gain some valuable experience, we have suitable placements for you. We have projects, which can really use the skills of qualified volunteers, such as doctors, nurses, dentists and a whole range of professions. If you are unskilled, but have an interest and would like to assist in this field then you can also help in many project areas.
Sports Coaching Projects
Our sports volunteer projects involve children of different ages and abilities, or sometimes adults as well. Therefore, anyone with sports coaching skills will be put to very good use, trying to bring on the African sports stars of the future. You’ll be able to help organize sporting activities, teach new sports to the children, coach them in their sports sessions and even play football against the local team-don’t expect to win!
Wildlife and Conservation Projects
Wildlife conservation volunteering in Africa can be hard work at times as you have to deal with the human-wildlife conflicts and ensure local communities benefit from conservation. However, there are some major positives, generally based in some of the most amazing natural areas. They get you behind the scenes of places that tourists will often pay large amounts of money to visit on holiday. If you have relevant conservation experience or qualifications, or as part of your studies, then please get in touch.
21. In Wildlife and Conservation Projects, you will ______.
A. pay for the holiday visits
B. organize community activities
C. provide medical services
D. handle the human-wildlife conflicts
22. What benefits can you get from the three projects
A. Professional trainings.
B. Qualification promotion.
C. Work experience.
D. Historical adventures.
23. The passage is intended to ______.
A. describe life in Africa
B. share traveling memories
C. introduce volunteering projects
D. explain the importance of working abroad
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了三个非洲的志愿者服务项目。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章Wildlife and Conservation Projects部分“Wildlife conservation volunteering in Africa can be hard work at times as you have to deal with the human-wildlife conflicts and ensure local communities benefit from conservation.(在非洲做野生动物保护志愿者有时是一项艰巨的工作，因为你必须处理人类与野生动物的冲突，并确保当地社区从保护中受益)”可知，在野生动物和保护项目中，您将处理人类与野生动物之间的冲突。故选D项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Here are a variety of volunteering opportunities, including medical, sports, and wildlife conservation in Africa, which can help gain hands-on international work experience and learn things you’ll never get out of a textbook.(这里有各种各样的志愿服务机会，包括非洲的医疗、体育和野生动物保护，这有助于获得实际的国际工作经验，并学到课本上永远不会学到的东西)”可知，你可以从这三个项目中获得工作经验。故选C项。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Here are a variety of volunteering opportunities, including medical, sports, and wildlife conservation in Africa, which can help gain hands-on international work experience and learn things you’ll never get out of a textbook.(这里有各种各样的志愿服务机会，包括非洲的医疗、体育和野生动物保护，这有助于获得实际的国际工作经验，并学到课本上永远不会学到的东西)”可知，文章主要介绍了三个非洲的志愿者服务项目。故选C项。
B
Mouth open in wonder and horror, Laurent Pelletier stares at the bush cricket that has landed in front of him on the picnic table. “Can we eat it ” he asks his mum. “Can I take it as a travel companion ”
In early 2022, Laurent’s parents decided to quit their jobs. They took their four children, Mia, Léo, Colin, and Laurent, travelled over 52, 000 miles and visited 13 countries. Over the months, the world constantly unveiled (显露) itself. The kids played pat-a-cake with uniformed schoolchildren in Botswana, and while in Tanzania they tried African traditional dances with locals and stayed on a banana farm. In Thailand, they touched an elephant, calling out in surprise at how rough it felt. Rarely did they talk about why they were abroad in the first place, with one exception. While travelling along a dusty Mongolian highway last summer, Laurent, who had seemed unaware of what was to come, asked, “What does it mean to be blind How will I cross the street Will I be able to drive a car ”
“It’s like when you have your eyes closed,” his mother said. “It won’t happen overnight, but slowly, over years. ”Being blind, she continued, didn’t mean the end of the world. Rather, the world would be different. Nothing would prevent them from doing most things, including skiing, swimming or even becoming scientists who worked on cures for their disease. Laurent nodded, then went back to making up his own games to pass the time.
The four kids will become blind, likely in adulthood. They have a disease called retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a group of related eye disorders that cause progressive eyesight loss. By far, it has no effective treatment, and it will gradually take away their eyesight. However, their parents still want their kids to lead full lives, whether they’re blind or not. The trip has reinforced (增强) what they believe all these years-the kids will find their way.
Each day, their parents watch the kids change, physically and emotionally. Laurent grows taller and needs more independence. Both Léo and Colin become more confident and outgoing, unafraid to engage with strangers. “Today, my eyesight is good and I’m going to make the most of it, ”says Mia. “Tomorrow, we will rise to the challenge. ”
24. According to the passage, what did the family experience on their trip
A. They did the farm work.
B. They took elephant rides.
C. They completed zoo tours.
D. They enjoyed the folk dance.
25. What made Laurent’s parents decide to quit their jobs
A. Their kids’ health.
B. Their work challenges.
C. Their family dreams.
D. Their passion for nature.
26. What did the trip mainly bring to the kids
A. Strong bodies.
B Social skills.
C. Positive mindset.
D. Language ability.
27. What can we mainly conclude from this passage
A. Travelling is to seek for an interesting life.
B. Nothing is impossible to a determined heart.
C. One’s potential cannot always be underrated.
D. Treasure what you have and live life to the fullest.
【答案】24. D 25. A 26. C 27. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了劳伦特的父母带着他们的四个成年后会失明的孩子去环游世界，体现出一种要珍惜现在所拥有的并尽情享受生活的人生态度。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The kids played pat-a-cake with uniformed schoolchildren in Botswana, and while in Tanzania they tried African traditional dances with locals and stayed on a banana farm. (在博茨瓦纳，孩子们与穿制服的学童一起玩拍蛋糕游戏，在坦桑尼亚，他们与当地人一起尝试非洲传统舞蹈，并住在香蕉农场。)”可知，这家人很喜欢民间舞蹈。故选D项。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“In early 2022, Laurent’s parents decided to quit their jobs. They took their four children, Mia, Léo, Colin, and Laurent, travelled over 52, 000 miles and visited 13 countries. (2022年初，劳伦特的父母决定辞职。他们带着他们的四个孩子，Mia、Léo、Colin和Laurent，旅行了52000英里，访问了13个国家。)”和文章最后一段“Each day, their parents watch the kids change, physically and emotionally. (每天，他们的父母都看着孩子们在身体和情感上发生变。化)”可知，劳伦特的父母决定辞职是为了带孩子们去看世界，是为了让孩子们身心健康。故选A项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Laurent grows taller and needs more independence. Both Léo and Colin become more confident and outgoing, unafraid to engage with strangers. “Today, my eyesight is good and I’m going to make the most of it, ”says Mia. “Tomorrow, we will rise to the challenge. ” (劳伦特长高了，需要更多的独立性。Léo和Colin都变得更加自信和外向，不怕与陌生人交往。米娅说：“今天，我的视力很好，我将充分利用它。明天，我们将迎接挑战。”)”可知，旅行让孩子们有非常积极的心态。故选C项。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。结合全文及文章第四段“However, their parents still want their kids to lead full lives, whether they’re blind or not. (然而，他们的父母仍然希望他们的孩子过上充实的生活，无论他们是否失明。)”可知，文章主要讲述劳伦特的父母带着他们的四个成年后会失明的孩子环游世界，体现出一种要珍惜现在所拥有的并尽情享受生活的人生态度。故选D项。
C
Too Much Information
Computer hackers, in order to get more secret information, constantly improve at breaking into cyberdefenses (网络防御系统) to steal valuable documents. So some researchers propose using an artificial-intelligence algorithm (算法) to hopelessly confuse them, once they break in, by hiding the real deal in a mountain of misleading documents and information.
The algorithm, called Word Embedding-based Fake Online Repository Generation Engine (WE-FORGE), creates decoys of patents under development. If hackers were after, say, the recipe for a new drug, they would have to find the relevant needle in a sea of false documents. This could mean checking each recipe in detail-and perhaps investing in a few dead-end ones. “The name of the game here is, ‘Make it harder, ” explains V. S Subrahmanian, its developer, Dartmouth College Cyber Security researcher. “Pain those stealing from you. ”
Subrahmanian says he tackled this project after reading that companies are unaware of new kinds of cyberattacks for an average of 312 days after they begin. “Hackers have almost a year to decamp with all our documents, patents and intellectual property, ”he says. “They have stolen almost everything. It’s not just the crown jewels-it’s the crown jewels, and the jewels of the cleaning lady, and the watch of the secretary!”
The documents produced by WE-FORGE could also act as hidden traps to confuse hackers, says Rachel Tobac, CEO of SocialProof Security. These documents might alert security when panies have typically used human-created false copies for this strategy. But now the algorithm is able to do that for us.
The system produces convincing traps by searching through a document for key words. For each one it finds, it calculates a list of related concepts and replaces the original term with one chosen at random. The process can produce dozens of documents that contain no patent information but still look credible. Subrahmanian and his team asked computer science and chemistry graduates to evaluate real and false patents from their respective fields. And the humans found the WE-FORGE-created documents highly believable.
WE-FORGE might eventually expand its boundary. Both Subrahmanian and Tobac think this research will attract commercial interest. “I could definitely see an organization investing in this type of product ” Tobac says. “If this creates believable decoys without releasing sensitive details within those traps, then I think you’ve got a huge with there. ”
28. What does the underlined word “decoys” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A. Misleading documents.
B. Original terms.
C Computer operating systems.
D. Cyber securities.
29. In Paragraph 3, what Subrahmanian says indicates ______.
A. the greediness of hackers
B. the wealth of the companies
C. the unreliability of the network
D. the variety of intellectual property
30. What can we learn about WE-FORGE
A. It will sound alarm upon being operated.
B. It is profitable for the users by avoiding their loss.
C. It has attracted investors for its application in many fields.
D. It can compose irrelevant concepts in the false documents.
【答案】28. A 29. A 30. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种人工智能算法(WE-FORGE)，该算法能够产生黑客盗取文件的伪造文件，将真实文件隐藏在堆积如山的伪造文件中，从而迷惑黑客，避免用户的损失。
【28题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“If hackers were after, say, the recipe for a new drug, they would have to find the relevant needle in a sea of false documents. (比如说，如果黑客在寻找一种新药的配方，他们将不得不在虚假文件中大海捞针)”可知，该算法(WE-FORGE)能够产生黑客盗取文件的伪造文件，将真实文件隐藏在堆积如山的伪造文件中，混淆视听，故划线词指的是那些误导黑客的文件。故选A项。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段““Hackers have almost a year to decamp with all our documents, patents and intellectual property, ”he says. “They have stolen almost everything. It’s not just the crown jewels-it’s the crown jewels, and the jewels of the cleaning lady, and the watch of the secretary!”(他说：“黑客有将近一年的时间带着我们所有的文件、专利和知识产权潜逃。他们几乎偷走了所有东西。不仅是皇冠上的珠宝，还有皇冠上的宝石，还有清洁女工的珠宝，以及秘书的手表！”)”可知，Subrahmanian的话表明黑客无所不偷，非常贪婪。故选A项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The documents produced by WE-FORGE could also act as hidden traps to confuse hackers, says Rachel Tobac, CEO of SocialProof Security. These documents might alert security when panies have typically used human-created false copies for this strategy. But now the algorithm is able to do that for us.(SocialProof Security首席执行官Rachel Tobac表示，WE-FORGE制作的文件也可能成为迷惑黑客的隐藏陷阱。访问这些文档时，可能会向安全部门发出警报。公司通常使用人为创建的虚假副本来实现这一策略。但现在算法能够为我们做到这一点)”可知，WE-FORGE制作的文件可以迷惑黑客，避免用户的损失，这对于用户来说是有益的。故选B项。
D
The scientists behind a new database of more than 400 extreme weather attribution (归因) studies have performed an essential service. This piece of work, drawing together every study of this type, ought to create a greater sense of urgency around policymaking and campaigning. It shows that intense heatwaves, hurricanes, and floods have all been made far more likely by greenhouse gas emissions. And it spells out the alarming unpredictability as well as the extent of global heating’s consequences.
Until the early 2000s, when the first attribution studies were published, it was harder to link CO2 in the atmosphere with global heating’s sensible effects. Thanks to a growing body of research, now we know. The last summer’s record-breaking “heat dome”(热穹顶) across the globe would have been almost impossible without human-caused climate change.
“Beauty is truth, truth beauty,” wrote the poet John Keats just over 200 years ago. When it comes to climate, truth can feel closer to terror these days. But scientists are right to insist that the reality must be faced. Indeed, this is the only way to avoid the most disastrous outcomes. In a new book, Hothouse Earth, Prof Bill McGuire argues that we have reached a stage when minimising dangers should be regarded as “climate appeasement”.
Like the historical responsibility for carbon emissions, attitudes and experiences in the present crisis are unevenly and unjustly shared out. Billions of people around the world, and above all in the global south, are caught up day-to-day in a struggle for survival. This doesn’t mean they don’t recognise global heating; subsistence (勉强维持生活) farmers and fishers are more directly exposed to environmental damage than anyone else. But western governments, businesses and people who are relatively sheltered from global heating’s worst effects should recognise this as the privilege that it is. With this year’s Climate Change Conference fast approaching, western governments must follow through on their promises of climate finance to enable a green transition in the developing world.
The purpose of attribution science is not simply to warn the world about what is happening, but to aid preparations for what has not happened yet. The most alarming global trend, apart from still-rising emissions that mean we are on course for 2. 5°C of heating, is the unexpected speed with which it is already causing chaos. Given what we now know about the impact of 1°C of warming, it is no exaggeration to say that this trend is disastrous.
But alternatives exist, and insisting on this point has never been more important. The alarming findings of attribution scientists can give rise to desperation-but must not be allowed to end determination and hope.
31. The attribution studies imply that ____.
A. policies addressing climate issues are ineffective
B. it is hard to link CO2 with the effects of global heating
C. the extent of global heating’s consequences is unpredictable
D. humans are to blame for the increased occurrence of disasters
32. How does Prof Bill McGuire feel about the present climate crisis
A. Worried. B. Doubtful.
C. Optimistic. D. Puzzled.
33. What can we learn from this passage
A. The global south is in urgent need of financial support.
B. The speeding up of global warming has spelled trouble.
C. Global heating affects western countries to a larger extent.
D. The effort to reduce greenhouse gas emission has worked.
34. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To urge the public to follow the science.
B. To persuade the scientists to further their study.
C. To assess the current policy on the climate crisis.
D. To confirm the public’s concern for global heating.
【答案】31. D 32. A 33. B 34. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了归因研究表明极端天气可能是由温室气体排放导致，从而呼吁人们要尊重科学，采取措施，避免更严重的后果。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段的“It shows that intense heatwaves, hurricanes, and floods have all been made far more likely by greenhouse gas emissions. And it spells out the alarming unpredictability as well as the extent of global heating’s consequences.(报告显示，温室气体排放大大增加了强烈热浪、飓风和洪水发生的可能性。它还详细说明了令人担忧的不可预测性以及全球变暖后果的程度)”和第二段“Until the early 2000s, when the first attribution studies were published, it was harder to link CO2 in the atmosphere with global heating’s sensible effects. Thanks to a growing body of research, now we know. The last summer’s record-breaking “heat dome” across the globe would have been almost impossible without human-caused climate change.(直到21世纪初，当第一批归因研究发表时，很难将大气中的二氧化碳与全球变暖的明显影响联系起来。多亏了越来越多的研究，现在我们知道了。如果没有人为造成的气候变化，去年夏天全球破纪录的“热穹顶”几乎是不可能的)”可知，归因研究表明，气候变暖是人类造成的，人类应为灾害的增加负责。故选D项。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“In a new book, Hothouse Earth, Prof Bill McGuire argues that we have reached a stage when minimising dangers should be regarded as “climate appeasement”.(Bill McGuire教授在新书《温室地球》中认为，我们已经到了将危险降至最低视为“气候绥靖”的阶段)”可知，Bill McGuire认为现在人们只是降低危险，但对气候变暖不加抵制，退让屈服，从而对当前的气候危机感到担忧。故选A项。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第五段“The most alarming global trend, apart from still-rising emissions that mean we are on course for 2. 5°C of heating, is the unexpected speed with which it is already causing chaos. Given what we now know about the impact of 1°C of warming, it is no exaggeration to say that this trend is disastrous.(最令人担忧的全球趋势是，除了排放量仍在上升，这意味着我们正朝着2.5°C的升温方向发展之外，它已经以出乎意料的速度造成混乱。考虑到我们现在所知道的1°C变暖的影响，可以毫不夸张地说，这种趋势是灾难性的)”可知，全球变暖的加速带来了麻烦。故选B项。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。结合全文及文章第一段“The scientists behind a new database of more than 400 extreme weather attribution( 归因 ) studies have performed an essential service. This piece of work, drawing together every study of this type, ought to create a greater sense of urgency around policymaking and campaigning. It shows that intense heatwaves, hurricanes, and floods have all been made far more likely by greenhouse gas emissions. And it spells out the alarming unpredictability as well as the extent of global heating’s consequences.(一个由400多项极端天气归因研究组成的新数据库背后的科学家们提供了一项重要服务。这项工作汇集了每一项此类研究，应该会在决策和竞选活动中产生更大的紧迫感。这表明，强烈的热浪、飓风和洪水都更有可能是由温室气体排放造成的。它阐明了令人担忧的不可预测性以及全球变暖的后果)”可知，文章主要介绍了归因研究表明极端天气可能是由温室气体排放导致，从而呼吁人们要尊重科学，采取措施，避免更严重的后果。故选A项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Power of ”Like“
Like it or love it, social media is a major part of life. Teens spend more than half of their waking hours online. And most of what they do is read and respond to posts by friends and family. Clicking on a thumbs-up or a heart icon is an easy way to stay in touch. ____35____
Clicking ”like“ on a post can increase the number of people who see it. If other people have liked a post, new viewers will be more likely to like it too. Many social media sites share more of the higher-ranked posts. ____36____
According to recent studies, viewing one’s own posts with a lot of likes activates the reward system in their brains, especially for teens. Positive responses to teens’ own photos (in the form of many likes)tell them that their friends appreciate the material they’re posting. ____37____ Seeing someone else’s popular photo, however, doesn’t necessarily turn it on. More likely, it may affect behavioral attitudes.
____38____ In one 2011 study, in which teens doing driving task in a lab took more risks when their friends were around, suggests that teens were changing their behavior to try to get social approval. Last year, researchers recruited (招募) 32 teens to check whether they make similar changes when using social media. They found that popular photos might signal to them that what’s in those photos is socially acceptable. ____39____ That means that what you like online has the power to influence not just what others like, but even what they do.
A like is a social cue. Teens use it to learn how to navigate their social world. Clicking”like“ is a simple act that can have complex results. All tech users will be thoughtful about social media.
A. As a result, that popularity can feed on itself.
B. It’s no surprise that feedback from peers affects how teens behave.
C. Joining social media can give people a sense of being in the know.
D. Their brains respond to those likes by turning on the reward center.
E. For example, images related to alcohol may encourage teens to drink.
F. And that can, inappropriately, make us feel less successful than them.
G. But those ”likes“ can have power that goes beyond a simple connection.
【答案】35. G 36. A 37. D 38. B 39. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了点赞对青少年产生的影响。
【35题详解】
上文“Clicking on a thumbs-up or a heart icon is an easy way to stay in touch.(点击竖起大拇指或心形图标是保持联系的简单方法)”说明点赞是一种比较简单的保持联系方式，G项“但这些“赞”的力量可以超越简单的联系”与其紧密衔接，“a simple connection”与“an easy way to stay in touch”相呼应，并引出文章的主题，符合语境。故选G项。
【36题详解】
上文“Clicking ”like“ on a post can increase the number of people who see it. If other people have liked a post, new viewers will be more likely to like it too. Many social media sites share more of the higher-ranked posts.(在帖子上点击“点赞”可以增加浏览人数。如果其他人也喜欢某个帖子，新观众也更有可能喜欢它。许多社交媒体网站分享更多排名较高的帖子)”说明社交媒体网站分享排名较高的帖子，那么就可以吸引更多的人点赞，A项“因此，这种受欢迎程度可以靠自己来维持”承接上文，阐述了前面句子产生的结果，符合语境。故选A项。
【37题详解】
上文“According to recent studies, viewing one’s own posts with a lot of likes activates the reward system in their brains, especially for teens. Positive responses to teens’ own photos (in the form of many likes)tell them that their friends appreciate the material they’re posting. (根据最近的研究，大量点赞观看自己的帖子会激活他们大脑中的奖励系统，尤其是对青少年来说。对青少年自己照片的积极回应(以许多赞的形式)告诉他们，他们的朋友很欣赏他们发布的材料)”提到青少年看到自己的帖子被点赞会激活他们大脑的奖励系统，D项“他们的大脑通过打开奖励中心来对这些赞做出反应”承接上文，符合语境。故选D项。
【38题详解】
下文“In one 2011 study, in which teens doing driving task in a lab took more risks when their friends were around, suggests that teens were changing their behavior to try to get social approval.(在2011年的一项研究中，当朋友在身边时，在实验室里完成驾驶任务的青少年会承担更多的风险，这表明青少年正在改变自己的行为，试图获得社会认可)”说明青少年有朋友在身边时，他们会改变自己的行为，B项“毫不奇怪，来自同龄人的反馈会影响青少年的行为”与举例说明的内容吻合，符合语境。故选B项。
【39题详解】
上文“They found that popular photos might signal to them that what’s in those photos is socially acceptable.(他们发现，受欢迎的照片可能会向他们发出信号，表明这些照片中的内容是社会可以接受的)”，空处承上启下，下文“That means that what you like online has the power to influence not just what others like, but even what they do.(这意味着你在网上喜欢的东西不仅能影响别人喜欢的东西，甚至能影响他们的行为)”，E项“例如，与酒精有关的图片可能会鼓励青少年饮酒”举例内容与上文观点一致，其中“images ”与上文photos”相对应，“may encourage teens to drink”与下文“influence not just what others like, but even what they do”相呼应，符合语境。故选E项。
第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
The idiom “No ‘I’ in Team” is based on a pun (双关语)-The word “team” does not contain the letter “i”, which highlights the idea that instead of focusing on themselves as individuals, team members should work together to achieve their common goals.
When it comes to achieving success, there’s no denying that teamwork plays a crucial role. We’ve all been there-group projects at school, working with colleagues at the office or playing sports with teammates. A successful team agrees and sets goals based on outcomes and results to complete its tasks. It’s important that each member knows the direction the team is working toward, their responsibilities, and how they aim to achieve the team’s collective goals. It’s essential that group members within the team share workloads and help each other to succeed.
Mostly, in typical workplace culture, being focus on individual pursuits is considered plain selfish, but is supporting individuals in their own pursuits really anti-team Evidence suggests that putting the “I” back into team can improve workplace productivity and employee engagement. In the 1990s the Harvard Business School did research, demonstrating the benefits of giving employees paid time to follow their own individual pursuits. Since then, some notable companies have introduced unstructured time into their workplaces.
Globally, 85% of employees are disengaged in their work. In Daniel Pink’s book Drive, he argues that the best way to motivate employees is not through the carrot and stick approach but rather through allowing and enabling them to direct their own lives. When teams understand what matters to the individuals within them, they are able to better empathize with each other and have each others’ backs.
There is an “I” in team and when we start to implement programs that support individuals in their pursuits, we may just find they are more creative, more engaged and more productive.
40. What idea does the idiom “No ‘I’ in Team” highlight
_______________________________________________________________
41. Why is it important to put “I” back into team
_______________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
According to Danile Pink, the effective way to motivate the 85% employees is to set the goal the company would like their employees to achieve.
_______________________________________________________________
43. As an individual, how can you play your role in a team
_______________________________________________________________
【答案】40. Instead of focusing on themselves as individuals, team members should work together to achieve their common goals.
41. It can improve workplace productivity and employee engagement.
42. According to Danile Pink, the effective way to motivate the 85% employees is to set the goal the company would like their employees to achieve.
According to Daniel Pink, the best way to motivate employees is not through the carrot and stick approach but rather through allowing and enabling them to direct their own lives.
43. As an individual in a team, I should firstly understand my role within the team and work to achieve my duties to the best of my ability. Working well with others is also important because it shows that I’m committed to achieving both personal and organizational goals.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了习语No ‘I’ in Team的意义，团队成员应该共同努力实现共同目标，而不是把注意力集中在个人身上。而现在有证据表明，把“我”放回团队可以提高工作场所的生产力和员工敬业度。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段“The idiom “No ‘I’ in Team” is based on a pun-The word “team” does not contain the letter “i”, which highlights the idea that instead of focusing on themselves as individuals, team members should work together to achieve their common goals.(习语“No ‘I’ in Team”基于双关语——team一词不包含字母i，这强调了团队成员应该共同努力实现共同目标，而不是把注意力集中在个人身上)”可知，No ‘I’ in Team强调了团队成员不应该把注意力集中在个人身上，而应该共同努力实现他们的共同目标。故答案为Instead of focusing on themselves as individuals, team members should work together to achieve their common goals.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“Evidence suggests that putting the “I” back into team can improve workplace productivity and employee engagement.(有证据表明，把“我”放回团队可以提高工作场所的生产力和员工敬业度)”可知，把“我”放回团队很重要，是因为这可以提高工作场所的生产力和员工敬业度。故答案为It can improve workplace productivity and employee engagement.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第四段“In Daniel Pink’s book Drive, he argues that the best way to motivate employees is not through the carrot and stick approach but rather through allowing and enabling them to direct their own lives.(在Daniel Pink的《驱动力》一书中，他认为激励员工的最佳方式不是胡萝卜加大棒的方法，而是允许并使他们能够指导自己的生活)”可知，“激励85%员工的有效方法是设定公司希望员工实现的目标”表述错误，Daniel Pink认为激励员工的最佳方式不是胡萝卜加大棒的方法，而是允许并使他们能够指导自己的生活。故答案为According to Danile Pink, the effective way to motivate the 85% employees is to set the goal the company would like their employees to achieve.
According to Daniel Pink, the best way to motivate employees is not through the carrot and stick approach but rather through allowing and enabling them to direct their own lives.
【43题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“It’s important that each member knows the direction the team is working toward, their responsibilities, and how they aim to achieve the team’s collective goals. It’s essential that group members within the team share workloads and help each other to succeed.(重要的是，每个成员都知道团队的工作方向、他们的责任以及他们如何实现团队的集体目标。团队中的团队成员共享工作负载并相互帮助以取得成功是至关重要的)”可知，作为团队中的个人，要想在团队中发挥自己的作用，我应该首先了解自己在团队中的角色，并尽我所能履行职责。与他人良好合作也很重要，因为这表明我致力于实现个人和组织目标。故答案为As an individual in a team, I should firstly understand my role within the team and work to achieve my duties to the best of my ability. Working well with others is also important because it shows that I’m committed to achieving both personal and organizational goals.
第二节(20分)
44. 假设你是李华。你的英国笔友Chris第一次去中国同学家中做客。他给你发来邮件，询问去中国家庭做客的社交礼仪。请你用英文给他回邮件，内容包括：
1. 社交礼仪；
2. 提出建议。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Chris,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Chris,
How’s everything going I’m delighted to learn that you are having dinner with a Chinese family. Chinese culture values certain customs during social gatherings, so I’d like to share some tips on how to behave properly during your stay here.
First, like English people, the Chinese attach great importance to being punctual. So, please arrive on time. It’s also customary to bring a small gift to show your appreciation. Presents like flowers or a bottle of wine will be much welcomed. When at the dinner table, you’re advised to participate in the conversation. But remember not to talk with your mouth full. It will be quite embarrassing and impolite. Finally, don’t forget to compliment the host on the delicious food. It’s considered polite to express your enjoyment of the meal.
I hope my tips might be helpful for you. Enjoy the gathering with your friends.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国笔友Chris回邮件，介绍去中国家庭做客的社交礼仪，并提出建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：delighted→pleased
建议：tip→suggestion
感激：appreciation→gratitude
参加：participate in→take part in
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：But remember not to talk with your mouth full. It will be quite embarrassing and impolite.
拓展句：But remember not to talk with your mouth full, which will be quite embarrassing and impolite.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m delighted to learn that you are having dinner with a Chinese family.（运用了that引导宾语从句）
【高分句型2】When at the dinner table, you’re advised to participate in the conversation.（运用了when引导时间状语从句的省略）丰台区2023~2024学年度第一学期期末练习
高三英语
2024. 01
本试卷共12页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
笔试(共三部分100分)
第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
All my friends had made the football cheerleading team except me. My name was ___1___ from the list. I still sat with them at lunch, still laughed at their jokes, ___2___ I felt as if I didn’t belong. I fought back tears, wanting to be strong.
Knowing that next year would bring a new round of try-outs, I started practicing and was determined to see my name on the list. However, my dad suggested that I get involved in a school-sport-___3___ as anyone could sign up with no try-outs. I had no idea what I was getting myself into. I only ___4___ I might participate in it until I made the cheerleading team again.
On the track team, running pushed me to work harder than I ever knew I could. Race after race, I continued to feel my lungs burning from the ___5___. I guessed that I wanted to ___6___ myself to see if I could improve my running time.
The next year when spring came around, I was thrilled to make the football cheerleading team, when, incredibly, I received a letter from a new cross-country coach, ___7___ me to join his running team. I didn’t have a reason for choosing running over cheerleading, ___8___ the fact that I followed my heart.
When I called the coach and told him I would give it a try, I never realized that one simple ___9___ would change the direction of my life. Within one year, I became one of the fastest female cross-country runners.
We can be who we were born to be or we can just follow the crowd. And when I chose to be a runner, I chose to be _____10_____ to myself.
1. A. coming B. missing C. turning D. changing
2 A. but B. so C. or D. for
3. A. throwing B. cheerleading C. football D. running
4. A. recorded B. heard C. figured D. concluded
5. A. effort B. diseases C. needs D. interest
6. A. accept B. challenge C. express D. treat
7. A. sending B. asking C. teaching D. reminding
8. A. in case of B. in spite of C. rather than D. other than
9. A. decision B. complaint C. evaluation D. expectation
10. A. friendly B. tolerant C. true D. respectful
第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，共15分)
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The turtle dove is the UK’s fastest-declining bird species, according to a recent study. The data, ____11____ (record) by almost 1, 000 volunteers, farmers and county bird clubs, shows there are now nearly 2, 100 pairs left, down from some 125, 000 pairs in 1970. Loss of habitats and shooting in southern Europe ____12____(think)to be driving the decline. There is hope, however, as the government ____13____ (work) with landowners to allow more food supplies in the habitats now.
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
In May, the COMA C919, China’s first domestically designed passenger plane, ____14____ (successful) completed its first flight, marking a milestone in China’s space history. So far, China has solved ____15____ (difficulty) in more than 100 key technologies and applied for more than 10,000 patents. In the past, China mainly depended ____16____ the technologies from other countries, but it is applying its own today, helping to promote the high-quality ____17____ (develop) of the country’s economy.
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Anna Jones is a journalist, ____18____ first book, Divide-The Relationship Crisis Between Town and Country, was longlisted for the 2022 James Cropper Wainwright Prize. ____19____ (grow) up on a farm and working in the city have given Anna a rare insight into rural life. Anna started the non-profit communications project “Just Farmers” in 2018. She also runs a media education program to help farmers find confidence to share ____20____ they have experienced with the wider world.
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
If you would like to volunteer abroad, you’ve come to the right place. Here are a variety of volunteering opportunities, including medical, sports, and wildlife conservation in Africa, which can help gain hands-on international work experience and learn things you’ll never get out of a textbook.
Medical and Healthcare Projects
If you’re a medical student hoping to gain some valuable experience, we have suitable placements for you. We have projects, which can really use the skills of qualified volunteers, such as doctors, nurses, dentists and a whole range of professions. If you are unskilled, but have an interest and would like to assist in this field then you can also help in many project areas.
Sports Coaching Projects
Our sports volunteer projects involve children of different ages and abilities, or sometimes adults as well. Therefore, anyone with sports coaching skills will be put to very good use, trying to bring on the African sports stars of the future. You’ll be able to help organize sporting activities, teach new sports to the children, coach them in their sports sessions and even play football against the local team-don’t expect to win!
Wildlife and Conservation Projects
Wildlife conservation volunteering in Africa can be hard work at times as you have to deal with the human-wildlife conflicts and ensure local communities benefit from conservation. However, there are some major positives, generally based in some of the most amazing natural areas. They get you behind the scenes of places that tourists will often pay large amounts of money to visit on holiday. If you have relevant conservation experience or qualifications, or as part of your studies, then please get in touch.
21. In Wildlife and Conservation Projects, you will ______.
A. pay for the holiday visits
B. organize community activities
C. provide medical services
D. handle the human-wildlife conflicts
22. What benefits can you get from the three projects
A. Professional trainings.
B. Qualification promotion.
C. Work experience.
D. Historical adventures.
23 The passage is intended to ______.
A. describe life in Africa
B. share traveling memories
C. introduce volunteering projects
D. explain the importance of working abroad
B
Mouth open in wonder and horror, Laurent Pelletier stares at the bush cricket that has landed in front of him on the picnic table. “Can we eat it ” he asks his mum. “Can I take it as a travel companion ”
In early 2022, Laurent’s parents decided to quit their jobs. They took their four children, Mia, Léo, Colin, and Laurent, travelled over 52, 000 miles and visited 13 countries. Over the months, the world constantly unveiled (显露) itself. The kids played pat-a-cake with uniformed schoolchildren in Botswana, and while in Tanzania they tried African traditional dances with locals and stayed on a banana farm. In Thailand, they touched an elephant, calling out in surprise at how rough it felt. Rarely did they talk about why they were abroad in the first place, with one exception. While travelling along a dusty Mongolian highway last summer, Laurent, who had seemed unaware of what was to come, asked, “What does it mean to be blind How will I cross the street Will I be able to drive a car ”
“It’s like when you have your eyes closed,” his mother said. “It won’t happen overnight, but slowly, over years. ”Being blind, she continued, didn’t mean the end of the world. Rather, the world would be different. Nothing would prevent them from doing most things, including skiing, swimming or even becoming scientists who worked on cures for their disease. Laurent nodded, then went back to making up his own games to pass the time.
The four kids will become blind, likely in adulthood. They have a disease called retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a group of related eye disorders that cause progressive eyesight loss. By far, it has no effective treatment, and it will gradually take away their eyesight. However, their parents still want their kids to lead full lives, whether they’re blind or not. The trip has reinforced (增强) what they believe all these years-the kids will find their way.
Each day, their parents watch the kids change, physically and emotionally. Laurent grows taller and needs more independence. Both Léo and Colin become more confident and outgoing, unafraid to engage with strangers. “Today, my eyesight is good and I’m going to make the most of it, ”says Mia. “Tomorrow, we will rise to the challenge. ”
24. According to the passage, what did the family experience on their trip
A. They did the farm work.
B. They took elephant rides.
C. They completed zoo tours.
D. They enjoyed the folk dance.
25. What made Laurent’s parents decide to quit their jobs
A. Their kids’ health.
B. Their work challenges.
C. Their family dreams.
D. Their passion for nature.
26. What did the trip mainly bring to the kids
A. Strong bodies.
B. Social skills.
C. Positive mindset.
D. Language ability.
27. What can we mainly conclude from this passage
A. Travelling is to seek for an interesting life.
B. Nothing is impossible to a determined heart.
C. One’s potential cannot always be underrated.
D. Treasure what you have and live life to the fullest.
C
Too Much Information
Computer hackers, in order to get more secret information, constantly improve at breaking into cyberdefenses (网络防御系统) to steal valuable documents. So some researchers propose using an artificial-intelligence algorithm (算法) to hopelessly confuse them, once they break in, by hiding the real deal in a mountain of misleading documents and information.
The algorithm, called Word Embedding-based Fake Online Repository Generation Engine (WE-FORGE), creates decoys of patents under development. If hackers were after, say, the recipe for a new drug, they would have to find the relevant needle in a sea of false documents. This could mean checking each recipe in detail-and perhaps investing in a few dead-end ones. “The name of the game here is, ‘Make it harder, ” explains V. S Subrahmanian, its developer, Dartmouth College Cyber Security researcher. “Pain those stealing from you. ”
Subrahmanian says he tackled this project after reading that companies are unaware of new kinds of cyberattacks for an average of 312 days after they begin. “Hackers have almost a year to decamp with all our documents, patents and intellectual property, ”he says. “They have stolen almost everything. It’s not just the crown jewels-it’s the crown jewels, and the jewels of the cleaning lady, and the watch of the secretary!”
The documents produced by WE-FORGE could also act as hidden traps to confuse hackers, says Rachel Tobac, CEO of SocialProof Security. These documents might alert security when panies have typically used human-created false copies for this strategy. But now the algorithm is able to do that for us.
The system produces convincing traps by searching through a document for key words. For each one it finds, it calculates a list of related concepts and replaces the original term with one chosen at random. The process can produce dozens of documents that contain no patent information but still look credible. Subrahmanian and his team asked computer science and chemistry graduates to evaluate real and false patents from their respective fields. And the humans found the WE-FORGE-created documents highly believable.
WE-FORGE might eventually expand its boundary. Both Subrahmanian and Tobac think this research will attract commercial interest. “I could definitely see an organization investing in this type of product, ” Tobac says. “If this creates believable decoys without releasing sensitive details within those traps, then I think you’ve got a huge with there. ”
28. What does the underlined word “decoys” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A. Misleading documents.
B. Original terms.
C. Computer operating systems.
D. Cyber securities.
29. In Paragraph 3, what Subrahmanian says indicates ______.
A. the greediness of hackers
B. the wealth of the companies
C. the unreliability of the network
D. the variety of intellectual property
30. What can we learn about WE-FORGE
A. It will sound alarm upon being operated.
B. It is profitable for the users by avoiding their loss.
C. It has attracted investors for its application in many fields.
D. It can compose irrelevant concepts in the false documents.
D
The scientists behind a new database of more than 400 extreme weather attribution (归因) studies have performed an essential service. This piece of work, drawing together every study of this type, ought to create a greater sense of urgency around policymaking and campaigning. It shows that intense heatwaves, hurricanes, and floods have all been made far more likely by greenhouse gas emissions. And it spells out the alarming unpredictability as well as the extent of global heating’s consequences.
Until the early 2000s, when the first attribution studies were published, it was harder to link CO2 in the atmosphere with global heating’s sensible effects. Thanks to a growing body of research, now we know. The last summer’s record-breaking “heat dome”(热穹顶) across the globe would have been almost impossible without human-caused climate change.
“Beauty is truth, truth beauty,” wrote the poet John Keats just over 200 years ago. When it comes to climate, truth can feel closer to terror these days. But scientists are right to insist that the reality must be faced. Indeed, this is the only way to avoid the most disastrous outcomes. In a new book, Hothouse Earth, Prof Bill McGuire argues that we have reached a stage when minimising dangers should be regarded as “climate appeasement”.
Like the historical responsibility for carbon emissions, attitudes and experiences in the present crisis are unevenly and unjustly shared out. Billions of people around the world, and above all in the global south, are caught up day-to-day in a struggle for survival. This doesn’t mean they don’t recognise global heating; subsistence (勉强维持生活) farmers and fishers are more directly exposed to environmental damage than anyone else. But western governments, businesses and people who are relatively sheltered from global heating’s worst effects should recognise this as the privilege that it is. With this year’s Climate Change Conference fast approaching, western governments must follow through on their promises of climate finance to enable a green transition in the developing world.
The purpose of attribution science is not simply to warn the world about what is happening, but to aid preparations for what has not happened yet. The most alarming global trend, apart from still-rising emissions that mean we are on course for 2. 5°C of heating, is the unexpected speed with which it is already causing chaos. Given what we now know about the impact of 1°C of warming, it is no exaggeration to say that this trend is disastrous.
But alternatives exist, and insisting on this point has never been more important. The alarming findings of attribution scientists can give rise to desperation-but must not be allowed to end determination and hope.
31. The attribution studies imply that ____.
A. policies addressing climate issues are ineffective
B. it is hard to link CO2 with the effects of global heating
C. the extent of global heating’s consequences is unpredictable
D humans are to blame for the increased occurrence of disasters
32. How does Prof Bill McGuire feel about the present climate crisis
A. Worried. B. Doubtful.
C. Optimistic. D. Puzzled.
33. What can we learn from this passage
A. The global south is in urgent need of financial support.
B. The speeding up of global warming has spelled trouble.
C. Global heating affects western countries to a larger extent.
D. The effort to reduce greenhouse gas emission has worked.
34. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To urge the public to follow the science.
B. To persuade the scientists to further their study.
C. To assess the current policy on the climate crisis.
D. To confirm the public’s concern for global heating.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Power of ”Like“
Like it or love it, social media is a major part of life. Teens spend more than half of their waking hours online. And most of what they do is read and respond to posts by friends and family. Clicking on a thumbs-up or a heart icon is an easy way to stay in touch. ____35____
Clicking ”like“ on a post can increase the number of people who see it. If other people have liked a post, new viewers will be more likely to like it too. Many social media sites share more of the higher-ranked posts. ____36____
According to recent studies, viewing one’s own posts with a lot of likes activates the reward system in their brains, especially for teens. Positive responses to teens’ own photos (in the form of many likes)tell them that their friends appreciate the material they’re posting. ____37____ Seeing someone else’s popular photo, however, doesn’t necessarily turn it on. More likely, it may affect behavioral attitudes.
____38____ In one 2011 study, in which teens doing driving task in a lab took more risks when their friends were around, suggests that teens were changing their behavior to try to get social approval. Last year, researchers recruited (招募) 32 teens to check whether they make similar changes when using social media. They found that popular photos might signal to them that what’s in those photos is socially acceptable. ____39____ That means that what you like online has the power to influence not just what others like, but even what they do.
A like is a social cue. Teens use it to learn how to navigate their social world. Clicking”like“ is a simple act that can have complex results. All tech users will be thoughtful about social media.
A. As a result, that popularity can feed on itself.
B It’s no surprise that feedback from peers affects how teens behave.
C. Joining social media can give people a sense of being in the know.
D. Their brains respond to those likes by turning on the reward center.
E. For example, images related to alcohol may encourage teens to drink.
F. And that can, inappropriately, make us feel less successful than them.
G. But those ”likes“ can have power that goes beyond a simple connection.
第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
The idiom “No ‘I’ in Team” is based on a pun (双关语)-The word “team” does not contain the letter “i”, which highlights the idea that instead of focusing on themselves as individuals, team members should work together to achieve their common goals.
When it comes to achieving success, there’s no denying that teamwork plays a crucial role. We’ve all been there-group projects at school, working with colleagues at the office or playing sports with teammates. A successful team agrees and sets goals based on outcomes and results to complete its tasks. It’s important that each member knows the direction the team is working toward, their responsibilities, and how they aim to achieve the team’s collective goals. It’s essential that group members within the team share workloads and help each other to succeed.
Mostly, in typical workplace culture, being focus on individual pursuits is considered plain selfish, but is supporting individuals in their own pursuits really anti-team Evidence suggests that putting the “I” back into team can improve workplace productivity and employee engagement. In the 1990s the Harvard Business School did research, demonstrating the benefits of giving employees paid time to follow their own individual pursuits. Since then, some notable companies have introduced unstructured time into their workplaces.
Globally, 85% of employees are disengaged in their work. In Daniel Pink’s book Drive, he argues that the best way to motivate employees is not through the carrot and stick approach but rather through allowing and enabling them to direct their own lives. When teams understand what matters to the individuals within them, they are able to better empathize with each other and have each others’ backs.
There is an “I” in team and when we start to implement programs that support individuals in their pursuits, we may just find they are more creative, more engaged and more productive.
40. What idea does the idiom “No ‘I’ in Team” highlight
_______________________________________________________________
41. Why is it important to put “I” back into team
_______________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
According to Danile Pink, the effective way to motivate the 85% employees is to set the goal the company would like their employees to achieve.
_______________________________________________________________
43. As an individual, how can you play your role in a team
_______________________________________________________________
第二节(20分)
44. 假设你是李华。你的英国笔友Chris第一次去中国同学家中做客。他给你发来邮件，询问去中国家庭做客的社交礼仪。请你用英文给他回邮件，内容包括：
1. 社交礼仪；
2. 提出建议。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数
Dear Chris,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
