2023-2024学年度第一学期高三年级第二次阶段考试
英 语
第一部分 听力 （共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What are the speakers going to do？
A. Dine out. B. Take a flight. C. Go shopping.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where are the speakers？
A. In a library. B. In a bookstore. C. In the classroom.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What did the woman do last night？
A. She watched a show. B. She gave a performance. C. She went to see her sister.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Why does Michael take exercise？
A. To get stronger. B. To lose weight. C. To relax himself.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What are the speakers mainly talking about？
A. A food shop. B. A terrible picnic. C. Tomorrow’s weather.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. Why does the woman talk to the man？
A. To book tickets. B. To get some information. C. To ask for suggestions.
7. When can the woman get the cheapest ticket？
A. In March. B. In June. C. In July.
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. What is the man doing on his computer？
A. Watching a movie. B. Listening to a book. C. Enjoying some music.
9. How often is the reading posted on the website？
A. Monthly. B. Weekly. C. Daily.
10. What is Daniel Radcliffe？
A A director. B. A writer. C. An actor.
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
11. How often does the woman walk to work
A. Two days a week. B. Three days a week. C. Four days a week.
12. What does the woman dislike about shared bikes
A. The speed. B. The expense. C. The parking situation.
13. Where will the man go next
A. His office. B. His home. C. The subway station.
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
14. Why does Nancy come to the store？
A. To learn to make a cake.
B. To get some tools for baking.
C. To buy a few things for a cake.
15. What kind of birthday cake does Nancy prepare for her grandmother？
A. A fruit one. B. A chocolate one. C. A cheese one.
16. What does Nancy think of making a cake all by hand？
A. Very easy. B. Quite boring. C. A little difficult.
17. What will Nancy do next
A. Return home. B. Go to a bakery. C. Chat with the man.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
18. Who is the speaker talking to？
A. Teachers. B. Students. C. Parents.
19. What is important to a good class according to the speaker？
A. Interesting teaching methods.
B. Students' class performance.
C. Teachers' attitude toward it.
20. What can the listeners do if they are dissatisfied with the material？
A. Pay 25 dollars for the service.
B. Contact the speaker to change new ones.
C. Keep the material and take their money back.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Of Special Interest to Freshman
Freshman Seminars
Freshman Seminars are small classes just for freshmen, with some of York’s most distinguished teachers. Some seminars provide an introduction to a particular field of study; others take an interdisciplinary(跨学科的) approach to a variety of topics. All seminars provided a friendly environment for developing relationships with teachers and other students.
STARS
STARS (Science, Technology, and Research Scholars) provides undergraduates of every year with an opportunity to combine research and course-based study. The program offers research opportunities and support to students historically disadvantaged in the fields of natural science and quantitative reasoning, such as racial and ethnic minorities, women, and the physically challenged. More than 100 students each year participate in STARS, during the academic year or over the summer months.
Academic Advising
Academic Advising is a collective effort by the residential colleges, academic departments and various offices connected to York University Dean(院长)’s office. Students’ primary academic advisors are their residential college deans, to whom they may always turn for academic and personal advice. The deans live in residential colleges and supervise the advising networks in the college. Each academic department has a director of undergraduate studies (DUS) who can discuss with students the department’s course offerings and requirements for majors.
Perspectives on Science and Engineering
Perspectives on Science and Engineering is a lecture and discussion course for about 75 selected freshmen who have exceptionally strong backgrounds in science or mathematics. The yearlong course explores abroad range of topics. exposes students to questions at the frontiers of science, and connects the first-year students to York’s Scientific community.
21. An African female freshman seeking opportunities of research is most likely to choose .
A Freshman Seminars B. STARS
C. Academic Advising D. Perspectives on Science and Engineering
22. Which freshman may have priority to attend Perspectives on Science and Engineering
A. The one who has already got a novel published.
B. A medalist of the International Mathematical Olympiad.
C. The one who has designed an original engineering project.
D. An applicant for York’s Scientific Community.
23. Which of the following is TRUE about the residential colleges
A. Deans of most academic departments live with students there.
B. Directors of undergraduate studies of most majors work together there.
C The college deans serve as the central figures in an advising network.
D. The college deans engage in scientific research with selected freshmen.
B
Damon Carson must have one of the most interesting inboxes in the world. On any given day, in his office in Denver in the western US state of Colorado, he will field numerous inquiries from people looking to unload things. We’re not talking about someone trying to dispense with an old refrigerator or some out-of-fashion clothing, but companies.
Picture large companies looking to unload massive amounts of waste that would otherwise go to the landfill.
For example, Carson got a request from a battery company to deal with 22 tonnes of barium sulfate (硫酸钡) used in lead-acid batteries. A load of plastic garbage cans from a discount store were just waiting for him to repurpose them. And a recreation company wanted to know if Carson was interested in 360 kilograms of blue ropes, which they no longer needed to make the handles on coolers.
“They don’t want to just throw the waste away,” he explains. “Nor should they. Because it has value.” He is a matchmaker of the never-ending waste stream, trying not to pair people with people, but things with people. For nearly a decade, his company, Repurposed Materials, has been involved in this business. He’s not looking to recycle the things he gets-breaking them down to make something new-but rather finding a second life for cast-off goods in their original forms.
Once working in construction, Carson was familiar with an almost everyday phenomenon. “You’d open up one of these big construction dumpsters (大垃圾桶) and things would start falling out,” he says. He would find perfectly good windows still covered with plastic from the factory. “You can’t wrap your mind around how wasteful America is until you run a waste company,” he says. He began thinking about creating a sort of secondhand hardware store that would sell unwanted materials and keep them out of the waste stream. Then, in 2010, a business was born.
24 What does the underlined phrase “dispense with” in the first paragraph mean
A. Make use of. B. Look forward to.
C. Get rid of. D. Come back to.
25. Why are some examples mentioned in paragraph 3
A. To prove Carson’s tough work. B. To indicate Carson’s “big business”.
C. To appeal for waste management. D. To explain the source of the material.
26. How does Carson deal with the waste
A. By creating something new. B. By selling them to companies.
C. By recycling them to save energy. D. By getting others to use them.
27. What inspired Carson to set up his company
A. His disappointment at America. B. His love for secondhand hardware.
C. His exposure to too much waste. D. His experience in a waste company.
C
Digital reading appears to be destroying habits of “deep reading”. Astonishing numbers of people with years of schooling are in effect illiterate. This month’s Ljubljana Manifesto (宣言) explains: “The digital field may promote more reading than ever in history, but it also offers many temptations to read in a superficial and scattered (零散的) manner — or even not to read at all. This increasingly endangers higher-level reading.”
That’s frightening, because “higher-level reading” has been essential to civilization. It enabled the enlightenment and an international increase in empathy. Without it, we would suffer a lot. As the Ljubljana Manifesto notes, “as much as one-third of Europeans struggle even with lower-level reading skills.” More than one-fifth of adults in the US “fall into the illiterate/functionally illiterate category”. Separately, post-pandemic reading scores for American 13-year-olds are the lowest in decades. And the Washington-based Center for Global Development recently estimated that literacy in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa among those with five years of schooling has decreased by 10% this past half century.
Experts in the Ljubljana Manifesto record the demerits of digital reading: “Recent studies of various kinds indicate a decline of critical and conscious reading, slow reading, non-strategic reading and long-form reading.” When you read a book on paper, you can be entirely inside the experience, absorb hundreds of pages of details thoroughly and begin to capture the world’s complexity. Online, says Maryanne Wolf of UCLA, we are “skimming, scanning, scrolling”. The medium is the message: doing deep reading on your phone is as hard as playing tennis with your phone. Recently, a bright 11-year-old told me I was wasting time on books: he absorbed more information faster from Wikipedia. He had a point. But digital readers also absorb more misinformation and seldom absorb fine perspectives.
In short, as professors from Northwestern University foresaw in 2005, we are returning to the days when only an elite (精英) “reading class” consumes long texts, which is worrying.
28. What can we learn about digital reading from paragraph 1
A. Digital reading has solved the problem of illiteracy.
B. Digital reading has lessened the practice of deep reading.
C. Digital reading has made deep reading accessible to wider readers.
D. Digital reading has aroused a greater appreciation for deep reading.
29. What is the purpose of the figures used in paragraph 2
A. To display the popularity of digital reading.
B. To highlight the advantages of deep reading.
C To present the unfavorable situation of literacy.
D. To stress the illiterate’s lower-level reading skills.
30. What does the underlined word “demerits” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Effects. B. Depths. C. Features. D. Drawbacks.
31. What might be talked about in the following paragraph
A. Advantages of digital reading. B. Benefits of higher-level reading.
C. Ways to encourage digital reading. D. Measures to practice deep reading.
D
While some critics claim that history curricula (课程) teach unnecessary content, others argue that these curricula need to be more comprehensive. Despite ongoing debates about content, one universal truth remains: strong history curricula are necessary for developing the productive citizens of tomorrow.
The greatest academic value that history curricula provide is not the recall of important dates and names. Rather, understanding the historical inquiry process is the most important component. This process teaches students how to become critical thinkers and understand the dynamic nature of the telling of history.
Through strong history curricula, students are shown both a variety of primary and secondary sources and are taught to critique them. This is where the historical inquiry process begins. Students not only begin to analyze and ask questions about the content, but they also learn about the author’s credibility and potential bias (偏见). Students are then able to contextualize the information they learn and can think more critically about historical con text and those who tell it.
With this framework, students can then understand the causal relationship between human nature, values, philosophy, actions, and their consequences. It teaches students to recognize recurrent themes and lessons that are necessary to understand modern society. Most importantly, it teaches students to develop a healthy skepticism (怀疑论) when presented with information today because our actions are history in the making.
Forty years ago, renowned scholar James Fitzgerald argued that no education is complete without the teaching of historical inquiry. He believed that the only way to move forward in life is to understand what’s behind us.
Today, this principle still holds true. Students take both the factual knowledge and the historical inquiry skills they learn in the classroom and apply them to real world circumstances. Throughout their lives, students who are taught with strong history curricula will take the lessons they learn from our predecessors and become involved, active, productive citizens who want to create a history that tomorrow’s students will be proud to learn about.
32. What is the biggest academic significance of history learning
A. Passing down Chinese culture. B. Grasping historical inquiry skills.
C. Making people more knowledgeable. D. Enriching people’s everyday life.
33. What does the underlined word “critique” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Protect. B. Combine. C. Comment. D. Remember.
34. Why is James Fitzgerald mentioned in the passage
A. To stress the importance of history.
B. To point out the essence of education.
C. To indicate famous people learn from history.
D. To show history contributes to people’s achievements.
35. What can be the best title for the passage
A. It Is the People that Create History
B. History Pushes the Wheel of the Times
C. History Curricula Are Gaining More Attention
D. History Curricula Shape Tomorrow’s Decision Makers
第二节(共5小题; 每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Why It’s Hard to Lose Weight
What makes people gain weight This seems like a simple enough question to answer. If we eat a lot and don’t do enough exercise, we will become fat. ___36___
As we know, what we eat greatly affects our weight. It is widely accepted that people have 100% control over what they eat and how much they eat. This, however, is partly true. ___37___ You may rarely touch vegetables while overeating fried chicken. Meanwhile, the serving size and the background music can both affect how much we eat.
Our bodies themselves can decide whether we are more likely to gain weight or lose weight. Scientists have found that the more delicious the food, the more excited our brains get. ___38___ Compared to people of normal weight, fat people feel more excited when they see delicious food.
Also, our bodies use a variety of hormones (激素) to tell our brains whether they are hungry or full. Ghrelin(胃饥饿素), for example, tells the brain that the body wants food. Leptin(瘦蛋白), meanwhile, tells the brain that it’s time to stop eating. Ghrelin and leptin help us to maintain a healthy weight. ___39___ As we get fatter, the levels of leptin in our bodies rises. Our brains are told not to eat all the time. In the end, they would no longer trust leptin and would stop responding to its “warnings”. When we start to lose weight, leptin levels drop. Our brains think we are hungry and makes us find food in our fridge.
___40___ They may have tried very hard, but their bodies are working against their will.
A. But sometimes, they may work improperly.
B. People form habits around food at a young age.
C. If we often have delicious food, over time, our brain will change.
D. Now you know why fat people often have a tough time losing weight.
E. There is also evidence to show industrial chemicals may increase body fat.
F. However, the science behind weight problems is more complicated than we think.
G. People with low levels of body satisfaction are more likely to gain weight over time.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My son was one of the students who served as a volunteer in different services while in a high school. Nowadays it is____41____for high schools to have a volunteer service hour minimum as a part of their graduation____42____ .
One day, I asked him why he worked long hours voluntarily every week. He gave me a reply____43____his years. He said, “Mom, you should not do community service just because it was assigned and you just need to____44____it in. You should do it because of the effects it has.” In many ways his opinion is____45____reasonable, and though the service hour requirement actually does get students to participate in volunteer work in their communities, does it____46____them to volunteer in the future
In some cases, no. A study found that when 8th graders in some schools were asked to accumulate____47____volunteer hours, those same students were no longer doing any service by their senior year of high school. It____48____that compulsory volunteer hours led to a “potential loss in long-term volunteering”. ____49____, other researchers discovered that young people were more likely to vote and attend civic life in other ways as a result of their____50____to community service in high school.
If teens____51____the significance of doing volunteer work and do it with a bit of enthusiasm, serving others in their communities will bring in a lot of unexpected____52____. My son’s exposure to a variety of non-profits during his high school years led him to receive a____53____scholarship for college, where he is now required to complete seventy-five hours per semester. But to him, this is____54____a requirement; actually he has benefited a lot more than that. ____55____ is what he has always wanted to do.
41. A. inevitable B. common C. convenient D. flexible
42. A. achievements B. ceremony C. requirements D. celebration
43. A. beyond B. of C. within D. to
44. A. take B. let C. bring D. turn
45. A. initially B. merely C. absolutely D. previously
46. A. inspire B. force C. expect D. persuade
47. A. tough B. random C. specific D. miserable
48. A. advocated B. recommended C. assured D. concluded
49. A. Moreover B. However C. Subsequently D. Similarly
50. A. response B. resistance C. access D. exposure
51. A. neglect B. stress C. recognize D. weigh
52. A. benefits B. requests C. consequences D. effects
53. A. conception B. service C. privilege D. anticipation
54. A. free from B. nothing but C. but for D. far from
55. A. Going back B. Giving back C. Taking back D. Looking back
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The cheongsam is the classic dress for Chinese women, which combines the elegance of Chinese tradition____56____ unique elements of style and fully set off the beauty of the female shape.
The name “cheongsam”, meaning____57____ (simple) “long dress”, entered the English vocabulary from the dialect of China’s Guangdong Province. In other parts of the country including Beijing, however, it is known as “qipao”, ____58____has a history behind it.
After the early Manchu (满族) rulers came to China, the Manchu women normally wore a one-piece dress which came to be called “qipao”. ____59____the rule of the Qing Dynasty was ended in 1911, the female dress survived the political change. In the 1920s, the cheongsam experienced a change with the influence of Western styles, including its length____60____ (shorten), which allowed the beauty of the female body to be fully displayed. Starting from the 1940s, cheongsam became closer-fitting and more practical and in summer, women wore sleeveless dresses. It didn’t become standard female clothes until the 1960s.
Today, this close-fitting dress____61____ (feature) by stand collar, right side opening, fitting waist and slip bottom, shows its charm at many markets. Not only because it has varieties of styles, but also because it can____62____ (wear) either on casual or formal occasions. For instance, when wives of China’s ambassadors attend important social gatherings, the cheongsam is their first choice among dresses. In fact, quite a number of____63____ (influence) people have suggested that cheongsam should become the national dress for women in China. Many foreign women are eager to get____64____ (they) a cheongsam should they visit China. Cheongsam is no longer an article of clothing particular to Chinese women, ____65____is adding to the vocabulary of beauty for women all over the world.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
66. 假定你是学生会主席李华。随着冬天的到来，学生们疏于锻炼。请代表学生会给全校学生写一封倡议信，呼吁大家勤于锻炼。内容包括：
1.锻炼的意义；2. 推荐运动项目并给出理由。
Dear fellow students,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
the Student Union
第二节（满分25分）
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“I hope Santa will bring me the doll for Christmas,” Jenna Lee whispered. She and I pressed up our faces to the toy store window that separated us from the doll inside.
Jenna was my neighbor. She and her family had only arrived from South Carolina a few months ago, without her father. I didn’t know the particulars, only that they were under difficult circumstances. Mum often gave them some necessities and comforted her mother.
“It’s Chatty Cathy doll. If you pull the string on her neck, she’ll talk to you,” I explained.
“She can say 11 things like ‘I love you’and ‘Tell me a story’.”
“I’ve never seen anything like her,” Jenna said, rubbing (擦) the glass window with one finger. “She would be nearly as good as having a real live friend like you.”
Chatty Cathy was on every girl’s Santa list. But I didn’t tell Jenna what I knew for a fact: Santa wasn’t real. Knowing the truth about Santa did have one advantage. It gave me the idea to search the house for presents that might be hidden away for me until Christmas morning. In fact, deep in the back of mum’s closet (衣橱) I’d found my Chatty Cathy doll. On Christmas morning She would be mine! I could hardly wait. Until then, Chatty Cathy would remain my secret.
“She’s the only thing I wrote down on my list for Christmas. What’s on your list this year ” I asked Jenna.
“I don’t make lists,” said Jenna, her eyes never leaving Chatty Cathy’s face. “We’re grateful for whatever Santa leaves in our stockings (长袜). I just hope Santa can find us this year.”
“Santa knows everything,” I comforted her. Walking home, I thought about what Jenna had said about being grateful. My mum always told me to be grateful for whatever happened. Now I was grateful for having a Chatty Cathy doll in her pink and orange box, just waiting for me to open her up on Christmas morning. The thought of it made me burst with excitement.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
On Christmas morning, my family and I gathered around the tree.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Jenna skipped into my house with a Chatty Cathy when I was seated in the sofa disappointed.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2023-2024学年度第一学期高三年级第二次阶段考试
英 语
第一部分 听力 （共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What are the speakers going to do？
A. Dine out. B. Take a flight. C. Go shopping.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: Hurry up. Daddy is waiting outside in the taxi.
W: Just a minute. I will take some food with us. I don’t care for the food on the plane.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where are the speakers？
A. In a library. B. In a bookstore. C. In the classroom.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: Excuse me, I really need this book for my research, Can I check it out, please
M: Sorry, books in this section cannot be borrowed. But I can find a similar book for you.
W: That’s great! Thanks!
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What did the woman do last night？
A. She watched a show. B. She gave a performance. C. She went to see her sister.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: Did you see the animal show last night
W: Yes. My sister got me a ticket for the performance. Those animals were so cute.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Why does Michael take exercise？
A. To get stronger. B. To lose weight. C. To relax himself.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: Hey Michael. Where are you going
M: Nowhere special. I was just taking a walk to get a little exercise. I’m gaining weight.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What are the speakers mainly talking about？
A. A food shop. B. A terrible picnic. C. Tomorrow’s weather.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: What’s the weather like for the picnic tomorrow I got the food from the shop.
M: The forecast says it isn’t bad. No rain but maybe a little windy.
W: Oh! It won’t be good if things are blown away.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. Why does the woman talk to the man？
A. To book tickets. B. To get some information. C. To ask for suggestions.
7. When can the woman get the cheapest ticket？
A. In March. B. In June. C. In July.
【答案】6. B 7. A
【解析】
【原文】W: We’d like some information, please. We want to go to Spain.
M: OK. What do you want to know
W: Well, first of all, we want to know the price of the air ticket to Madrid.
M: When do you want to go
W: We really don’t know. In June, or maybe in July.
M: I see. Well, in May and June, the price is $480. But it’s less in March and April.
W: And what about July
M: It’s more in July.
W: More How much is it then
M: It’s $525.
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. What is the man doing on his computer？
A. Watching a movie. B. Listening to a book. C. Enjoying some music.
9. How often is the reading posted on the website？
A. Monthly. B. Weekly. C. Daily.
10. What is Daniel Radcliffe？
A. A director. B. A writer. C. An actor.
【答案】8. B 9. B 10. C
【解析】
【原文】W: Are you listening to any music on your computer
M: No. I started listening to the book Harry Potter a month ago.
W: I love this book.
M: Then why not listen to it on the Harry Potter website Each week a famous person reads out loud a new chapter of the book. Then it is posted on the website.
W: That’s great. So, who read the first chapter of the book
M: It’s Daniel Radcliffe, the man who starred Harry Potter in the Harry Potter movies.
W: Oh, really Now I just cannot wait to listen to his reading.
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
11. How often does the woman walk to work
A. Two days a week. B. Three days a week. C. Four days a week.
12. What does the woman dislike about shared bikes
A. The speed. B. The expense. C. The parking situation.
13. Where will the man go next
A. His office. B. His home. C. The subway station.
【答案】11. B 12. C 13. A
【解析】
【原文】W: Do you still ride a shared bike from your home to the subway station
M: Of course I do. How about you
W: I do it on Mondays and Tuesdays. On Wednesdays, Thursdays and Fridays I go to work on foot. I think it is good exercise.
M: That’s a long way.
W: I count the steps on my smart phone, 15,000 each day.
M: Those things aren’t accurate.
W: Well, let’s just say I do a lot of steps each day. Steps are keeping me healthy.
M: Riding a bike is exercise as well. Plus, it’s cheap and quicker.
W: I love those shared bikes, but I hate to see them being piled up and blocking entrances and sidewalks.
M: So do I. The industry grew more quickly than anyone anticipated. Now I'm heading back to the office, so any good advice of exercise-cycling or walking I wonder which is the best form of exercise.
W: It’s hard to say. Either of them is helpful.
M: It makes sense.
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
14. Why does Nancy come to the store？
A. To learn to make a cake.
B. To get some tools for baking.
C. To buy a few things for a cake.
15. What kind of birthday cake does Nancy prepare for her grandmother？
A. A fruit one. B. A chocolate one. C. A cheese one.
16. What does Nancy think of making a cake all by hand？
A. Very easy. B. Quite boring. C. A little difficult.
17. What will Nancy do next
A. Return home. B. Go to a bakery. C. Chat with the man.
【答案】14. C 15. B 16. C 17. A
【解析】
【原文】M: Hi, Nancy! What are you doing here at the grocery store
W: Oh, hey, Landon. I am getting ready for my grandmother’s eightieth birthday party tonight. I am going to make her a cake in advance, and I need a few things.
M: Wow, eighty years old. Your grandmother sure is something! What type of cake are you making W: Since my grandmother likes chocolate, I am making a chocolate cake with sliced strawberries on top; that’s her favorite fruit.
M: That sounds delicious! Have you baked a cake before
W: Well, sort of. I have followed directions on those cake mixes. This time, I am making it all by hand. It’s a bit of a challenge, and I guess I’m a little nervous.
M: I am sure it will turn out fine. The cake will be delicious, and your grandmother will be so happy.
W: I sure hope so. Well, it has been nice chatting with you, but I must get going. This cake is not going to make itself.
M: Ha-ha, understood! Tell your grandmother I said happy birthday. I cannot wait to hear about the cake.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
18. Who is the speaker talking to？
A. Teachers. B. Students. C. Parents.
19. What is important to a good class according to the speaker？
A. Interesting teaching methods.
B. Students' class performance.
C. Teachers' attitude toward it.
20. What can the listeners do if they are dissatisfied with the material？
A. Pay 25 dollars for the service.
B. Contact the speaker to change new ones.
C. Keep the material and take their money back.
【答案】18. A 19. A 20. C
【解析】
【原文】Hello and welcome! My name is Shelley Ann Vernon and I am glad that you want to find out more about teaching English through games. Right here you will find ways to get great results in the classroom for children aged 4 to 12; ways that from my experience will bring more success and joy into the lives of the children you teach. You’ll learn how to make your serious classes fun, how to ensure everyone gets better grades, how to help stimulate the brighter kids while nurturing the slower ones, and how to associate fun with learning by teaching vocabulary grammar through language games. Earn even more appreciation, love and respect from your students and their parents for your teaching. The games presented here work for ESL (English as a Second Language) pupils aged 4 to 12. These games are the most suitable for beginners to intermediate students. Click here to order now with our secure server. Remember, if you are not satisfied, just let us know and we will give your money back to you. You still get to keep the material for free. That’s a rare time-saving gain, plus a value of 25 dollars.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Of Special Interest to Freshman
Freshman Seminars
Freshman Seminars are small classes just for freshmen, with some of York’s most distinguished teachers. Some seminars provide an introduction to a particular field of study; others take an interdisciplinary(跨学科的) approach to a variety of topics. All seminars provided a friendly environment for developing relationships with teachers and other students.
STARS
STARS (Science, Technology, and Research Scholars) provides undergraduates of every year with an opportunity to combine research and course-based study. The program offers research opportunities and support to students historically disadvantaged in the fields of natural science and quantitative reasoning, such as racial and ethnic minorities, women, and the physically challenged. More than 100 students each year participate in STARS, during the academic year or over the summer months.
Academic Advising
Academic Advising is a collective effort by the residential colleges, academic departments and various offices connected to York University Dean(院长)’s office. Students’ primary academic advisors are their residential college deans, to whom they may always turn for academic and personal advice. The deans live in residential colleges and supervise the advising networks in the college. Each academic department has a director of undergraduate studies (DUS) who can discuss with students the department’s course offerings and requirements for majors.
Perspectives on Science and Engineering
Perspectives on Science and Engineering is a lecture and discussion course for about 75 selected freshmen who have exceptionally strong backgrounds in science or mathematics. The yearlong course explores abroad range of topics. exposes students to questions at the frontiers of science, and connects the first-year students to York’s Scientific community.
21. An African female freshman seeking opportunities of research is most likely to choose .
A. Freshman Seminars B. STARS
C. Academic Advising D. Perspectives on Science and Engineering
22 Which freshman may have priority to attend Perspectives on Science and Engineering
A. The one who has already got a novel published.
B. A medalist of the International Mathematical Olympiad.
C. The one who has designed an original engineering project.
D. An applicant for York’s Scientific Community.
23. Which of the following is TRUE about the residential colleges
A. Deans of most academic departments live with students there.
B. Directors of undergraduate studies of most majors work together there.
C. The college deans serve as the central figures in an advising network.
D. The college deans engage in scientific research with selected freshmen.
【答案】21. B 22. B 23. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。介绍了约克大学一些新生感兴趣的活动。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据黑体字STARS段落中“The program offers research opportunities and support to students historically underrepresented in the fields of natural science and quantitative reasoning, such as racial and ethnic minorities, women, and the physically challenged.(该项目为自然科学和定量推理领域历史上处于劣势的学生提供研究机会和支持，如少数民族、妇女和残疾人)”可知，如果一个非洲女新生寻求研究机会最有可能选择STARS。故选B项。
【22题详解】
推理判断题。根据黑体字Perspectives on Science and Engineering段落中“Perspectives on Science and Engineering is a lecture and discussion course for about 75 selected freshmen who have exceptionally strong backgrounds in science or mathematics.(Perspectives on Science and Engineering是一个讲座和讨论课程，面向大约75名在科学或数学方面有特别强背景的新生)”可知，参加Perspectives on Science and Engineering需要在科学或数学方面有特别强背景，结合选项，B项“A medalist of the International Mathematical Olympiad.(国际数学奥林匹克的奖牌获得者)”符合要求。故选B项。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据黑体字Academic Advising段落中“Academic Advising is a collective effort by the residential colleges, academic departments and various offices connected to York University Dean(院长)’s office. Students’ primary academic advisors are their residential college deans, to whom they may always turn for academic and personal advice. (Academic Advising是由住宿学院、学术部门和与约克大学院长办公室相关的各个办公室共同努力的结果。学生的主要学术顾问是他们住宿学院的院长，他们可以随时向他们寻求学术和个人建议。)”可知，学院院长是咨询网络的主要人物。故选C项。
B
Damon Carson must have one of the most interesting inboxes in the world. On any given day, in his office in Denver in the western US state of Colorado, he will field numerous inquiries from people looking to unload things. We’re not talking about someone trying to dispense with an old refrigerator or some out-of-fashion clothing, but companies.
Picture large companies looking to unload massive amounts of waste that would otherwise go to the landfill.
For example, Carson got a request from a battery company to deal with 22 tonnes of barium sulfate (硫酸钡) used in lead-acid batteries. A load of plastic garbage cans from a discount store were just waiting for him to repurpose them. And a recreation company wanted to know if Carson was interested in 360 kilograms of blue ropes, which they no longer needed to make the handles on coolers.
“They don’t want to just throw the waste away,” he explains. “Nor should they. Because it has value.” He is a matchmaker of the never-ending waste stream, trying not to pair people with people, but things with people. For nearly a decade, his company, Repurposed Materials, has been involved in this business. He’s not looking to recycle the things he gets-breaking them down to make something new-but rather finding a second life for cast-off goods in their original forms.
Once working in construction, Carson was familiar with an almost everyday phenomenon. “You’d open up one of these big construction dumpsters (大垃圾桶) and things would start falling out,” he says. He would find perfectly good windows still covered with plastic from the factory. “You can’t wrap your mind around how wasteful America is until you run a waste company,” he says. He began thinking about creating a sort of secondhand hardware store that would sell unwanted materials and keep them out of the waste stream. Then, in 2010, a business was born.
24. What does the underlined phrase “dispense with” in the first paragraph mean
A. Make use of. B. Look forward to.
C. Get rid of. D. Come back to.
25. Why are some examples mentioned in paragraph 3
A. To prove Carson’s tough work. B. To indicate Carson’s “big business”.
C To appeal for waste management. D. To explain the source of the material.
26. How does Carson deal with the waste
A. By creating something new. B. By selling them to companies.
C By recycling them to save energy. D. By getting others to use them.
27. What inspired Carson to set up his company
A. His disappointment at America. B. His love for secondhand hardware.
C. His exposure to too much waste. D. His experience in a waste company.
【答案】24. C 25. B 26. D 27. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述达蒙·卡森（Damon Carson）为了不让社会上产生的很多废料进入垃圾堆，他把它们收集起来，然后为这些东西找到新家，让它们可以被重新使用。
【24题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段“he will field numerous inquiries from people looking to unload things (他会接到许多想要卸货的人的询问)”和第二段“unload massive amounts of waste that would otherwise go to the landfill (卸下大量垃圾，否则这些垃圾将被送往垃圾填埋场)”可知，这里描述有人要丢掉不需要的东西，所以dispense with的意思应该是“摒弃，不再需要”，和C选项 “Get rid of(摆脱，处理掉)”意思一致。故选C。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“For example, Carson got a request from a battery company to deal with 22 tonnes of barium sulfate(硫酸钡) used in lead-acid batteries. A load of plastic garbage cans from a discount store were just waiting for him to repurpose them. And a recreation company wanted to know if Carson was interested in 360 kilograms of blue ropes, which they no longer needed to make the handles on coolers. (例如，Carson收到一家电池公司的请求，要求处理铅酸电池中使用的22吨硫酸钡。一家折扣店的一堆塑料垃圾桶正等着他重新利用它们。一家娱乐公司想知道卡森是否对360公斤的蓝色绳索感兴趣，因为他们不再需要这些绳索来制作冷却器的把手。)”可知，这一段列举一些例子是为了说明达蒙·卡森具体做的事情，即来表示卡森的“大生意”。故选B。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“He’s not looking to recycle the things he gets - breaking them down to make something new - but rather finding a second life for cast-off goods in their original forms. (他不想回收他得到的东西——把它们分解成新的东西——而是为原始形式的废弃物品寻找第二生命。)”可知，卡森不是把这些东西分解后做成新的东西，而是给予它们第二次生命(即为它们找到新的归宿)，让别人可以直接原样使用它们。故选D。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Once working in construction, Carson was familiar with an almost everyday phenomenon. “You’d open up one of these big construction dumpsters (大垃圾桶) and things would start falling out,” he says. He would find perfectly good windows still covered with plastic from the factory. “You can’t wrap your mind around how wasteful America is until you run a waste company,” he says. He began thinking about creating a sort of secondhand hardware store that would sell unwanted materials and keep them out of the waste stream. Then, in 2010, a business was born. (卡森曾经在建筑业工作，几乎每天都会遇到这种现象。他说：“你打开一个大型建筑垃圾箱，东西就会开始脱落。”。他会发现非常好的窗户上仍然覆盖着工厂的塑料。他说：“除非你经营一家废品公司，否则你无法想象美国有多浪费。”。他开始考虑创建一种二手五金店，出售不需要的材料，并将其排除在废物流之外。然后，在2010年，一家企业诞生了。)”可知，正是卡森接触的大量废弃物让他决定开一个为废弃物找新家的公司。故选C。
C
Digital reading appears to be destroying habits of “deep reading”. Astonishing numbers of people with years of schooling are in effect illiterate. This month’s Ljubljana Manifesto (宣言) explains: “The digital field may promote more reading than ever in history, but it also offers many temptations to read in a superficial and scattered (零散的) manner — or even not to read at all. This increasingly endangers higher-level reading.”
That’s frightening, because “higher-level reading” has been essential to civilization. It enabled the enlightenment and an international increase in empathy. Without it, we would suffer a lot. As the Ljubljana Manifesto notes, “as much as one-third of Europeans struggle even with lower-level reading skills.” More than one-fifth of adults in the US “fall into the illiterate/functionally illiterate category”. Separately, post-pandemic reading scores for American 13-year-olds are the lowest in decades. And the Washington-based Center for Global Development recently estimated that literacy in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa among those with five years of schooling has decreased by 10% this past half century.
Experts in the Ljubljana Manifesto record the demerits of digital reading: “Recent studies of various kinds indicate a decline of critical and conscious reading, slow reading, non-strategic reading and long-form reading.” When you read a book on paper, you can be entirely inside the experience, absorb hundreds of pages of details thoroughly and begin to capture the world’s complexity. Online, says Maryanne Wolf of UCLA, we are “skimming, scanning, scrolling”. The medium is the message: doing deep reading on your phone is as hard as playing tennis with your phone. Recently, a bright 11-year-old told me I was wasting time on books: he absorbed more information faster from Wikipedia. He had a point. But digital readers also absorb more misinformation and seldom absorb fine perspectives.
In short, as professors from Northwestern University foresaw in 2005, we are returning to the days when only an elite (精英) “reading class” consumes long texts, which is worrying.
28. What can we learn about digital reading from paragraph 1
A. Digital reading has solved the problem of illiteracy.
B. Digital reading has lessened the practice of deep reading.
C. Digital reading has made deep reading accessible to wider readers.
D. Digital reading has aroused a greater appreciation for deep reading.
29. What is the purpose of the figures used in paragraph 2
A. To display the popularity of digital reading.
B. To highlight the advantages of deep reading.
C. To present the unfavorable situation of literacy.
D. To stress the illiterate’s lower-level reading skills.
30. What does the underlined word “demerits” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Effects. B. Depths. C. Features. D. Drawbacks.
31. What might be talked about in the following paragraph
A. Advantages of digital reading. B. Benefits of higher-level reading.
C. Ways to encourage digital reading. D. Measures to practice deep reading.
【答案】28. B 29. C 30. D 31. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了数字阅读对深度阅读习惯的破坏性影响，以及深度阅读在文明和人类发展中的重要性。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Digital reading appears to be destroying habits of “deep reading”. (数字阅读似乎正在破坏“深度阅读”的习惯。)”和“The digital field may promote more reading than ever in history, but it also offers many temptations to read in a superficial and scattered (零散的) manner — or even not to read at all. This increasingly endangers higher-level reading.(数字领域可能比历史上任何时候都促进了更多的阅读，但它也提供了许多诱惑，以肤浅和分散的方式阅读——甚至根本不阅读。这越来越危及更高水平的阅读。)”可知，数字阅读削弱了深度阅读的实践。故选B项。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“As the Ljubljana Manifesto notes, “as much as one-third of Europeans struggle even with lower-level reading skills.” More than one-fifth of adults in the US “fall into the illiterate/functionally illiterate category”. Separately, post-pandemic reading scores for American 13-year-olds are the lowest in decades. And the Washington-based Center for Global Development recently estimated that literacy in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa among those with five years of schooling has decreased by 10% this past half century. (正如《卢布尔雅那宣言》所指出的，“多达三分之一的欧洲人甚至在较低水平的阅读技能上挣扎。”超过五分之一的美国成年人“属于文盲/功能性文盲”。另外，大流行后美国13岁儿童的阅读分数是几十年来最低的。总部位于华盛顿的全球发展中心(Center for Global Development)最近估计，在过去的半个世纪里，南亚和撒哈拉以南非洲地区接受过5年教育的儿童的识字率下降了10%。)”可知，这些数字展示了目前读写能力的状况不容乐观。故选C项。
【30题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Experts in the Ljubljana Manifesto record the demerits of digital reading: “Recent studies of various kinds indicate a decline of critical and conscious reading, slow reading, non-strategic reading and long-form reading.” (《卢布尔雅那宣言》的专家们记录了数字阅读的demerits：“最近各种各样的研究表明，批判性阅读、有意识阅读、慢读、非战略性阅读和长篇阅读的数量正在下降。”)”中“a decline of critical and conscious reading, slow reading, non-strategic reading and long-form reading”可知，这些都是数字阅读盛行带来的问题和弊端，所以划线词demerits与drawbacks同义，意为“缺点，弊端 ”。故选D项。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“In short, as professors from Northwestern University foresaw in 2005, we are returning to the days when only an elite (精英) “reading class” consumes long texts, which is worrying. (简而言之，正如西北大学的教授们在2005年所预见的那样，我们正在回到只有精英“阅读阶层”才会阅读长文本的时代，这令人担忧。)”可知，文章最后表达了作者对现状的担忧，害怕我们会回到只有精英“阅读阶层”才会阅读长文本的时代。由此推知，作者接下来可能会就如何练习深度阅读给出具体的建议。故选D项。
D
While some critics claim that history curricula (课程) teach unnecessary content, others argue that these curricula need to be more comprehensive. Despite ongoing debates about content, one universal truth remains: strong history curricula are necessary for developing the productive citizens of tomorrow.
The greatest academic value that history curricula provide is not the recall of important dates and names. Rather, understanding the historical inquiry process is the most important component. This process teaches students how to become critical thinkers and understand the dynamic nature of the telling of history.
Through strong history curricula, students are shown both a variety of primary and secondary sources and are taught to critique them. This is where the historical inquiry process begins. Students not only begin to analyze and ask questions about the content, but they also learn about the author’s credibility and potential bias (偏见). Students are then able to contextualize the information they learn and can think more critically about historical con text and those who tell it.
With this framework, students can then understand the causal relationship between human nature, values, philosophy, actions, and their consequences. It teaches students to recognize recurrent themes and lessons that are necessary to understand modern society. Most importantly, it teaches students to develop a healthy skepticism (怀疑论) when presented with information today because our actions are history in the making.
Forty years ago, renowned scholar James Fitzgerald argued that no education is complete without the teaching of historical inquiry. He believed that the only way to move forward in life is to understand what’s behind us.
Today, this principle still holds true. Students take both the factual knowledge and the historical inquiry skills they learn in the classroom and apply them to real world circumstances. Throughout their lives, students who are taught with strong history curricula will take the lessons they learn from our predecessors and become involved, active, productive citizens who want to create a history that tomorrow’s students will be proud to learn about.
32. What is the biggest academic significance of history learning
A. Passing down Chinese culture. B. Grasping historical inquiry skills.
C. Making people more knowledgeable. D. Enriching people’s everyday life.
33. What does the underlined word “critique” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Protect. B. Combine. C. Comment. D. Remember.
34. Why is James Fitzgerald mentioned in the passage
A. To stress the importance of history.
B. To point out the essence of education.
C. To indicate famous people learn from history.
D. To show history contributes to people’s achievements.
35. What can be the best title for the passage
A. It Is the People that Create History
B. History Pushes the Wheel of the Times
C. History Curricula Are Gaining More Attention
D. History Curricula Shape Tomorrow’s Decision Makers
【答案】32. B 33. C 34. A 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要分析了学习历史学科对人们的重要意义，认为学习历史能够让学生们成为积极主动富有成效的公民。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The greatest academic value that history curricula provide is not the recall of important dates and names. Rather, understanding the historical inquiry process is the most important component.(历史课程提供的最大学术价值不是回忆重要的日期和名字。相反，了解历史调查过程是最重要的组成部分)”可知，作者认为学习历史的最大的意义在于了解历史探究过程。故选B。
【33题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词后的“This is where the historical inquiry process begins. Students not only begin to analyze and ask questions about the content, but they also learn about the author's credibility and potential bias (偏见). Students are then able to contextualize the information they learn and can think more critically about historical con text and those who tell it.(这就是历史调查过程开始的地方。学生们不仅要开始分析文章内容并提出问题，还要了解作者的可信度和潜在偏见。这样，学生们就能够将他们所学到的信息语境化，并能更批判性地思考历史背景和那些讲述历史的人)”可知，此处介绍如何对一些资料进行历史探究，了解作者的可信度、偏见以便能更批判性地思考历史背景和那些讲述历史的人。由此推知，划线词critique与comment“评论”意思一致。故选C。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Forty years ago, renowned scholar James Fitzgerald argued that no education is complete without the teaching of historical inquiry. He believed that the only way to move forward in life is to understand what's behind us.(40年前，著名学者詹姆斯·菲茨杰拉德认为，没有历史探究的教育是不完整的。他认为，在生活中前进的唯一途径是了解我们身后的事情)”可推知，文章中提到了詹姆斯·菲茨杰拉德，以强调历史的重要性。故选A。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Despite ongoing debates about content, one universal truth remains: strong history curricula are necessary for developing the productive citizens of tomorrow.(尽管关于内容的争论仍在继续，但一个普遍的真理仍然存在：强有力的历史课程对于培养未来有生产力的公民是必要的)”及下文论述可知。文章主要分析了学习历史学科对人们的重要意义，认为学习历史能够让学生们成为积极主动富有成效的公民。由此可知，D. History Curricula Shape Tomorrow’s Decision Makers(历史课程塑造未来的决策者)适合作本文最佳标题。故选D
第二节(共5小题; 每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Why It’s Hard to Lose Weight
What makes people gain weight This seems like a simple enough question to answer. If we eat a lot and don’t do enough exercise, we will become fat. ___36___
As we know, what we eat greatly affects our weight. It is widely accepted that people have 100% control over what they eat and how much they eat. This, however, is partly true. ___37___ You may rarely touch vegetables while overeating fried chicken. Meanwhile, the serving size and the background music can both affect how much we eat.
Our bodies themselves can decide whether we are more likely to gain weight or lose weight. Scientists have found that the more delicious the food, the more excited our brains get. ___38___ Compared to people of normal weight, fat people feel more excited when they see delicious food.
Also, our bodies use a variety of hormones (激素) to tell our brains whether they are hungry or full. Ghrelin(胃饥饿素), for example, tells the brain that the body wants food. Leptin(瘦蛋白), meanwhile, tells the brain that it’s time to stop eating. Ghrelin and leptin help us to maintain a healthy weight. ___39___ As we get fatter, the levels of leptin in our bodies rises. Our brains are told not to eat all the time. In the end, they would no longer trust leptin and would stop responding to its “warnings”. When we start to lose weight, leptin levels drop. Our brains think we are hungry and makes us find food in our fridge.
___40___ They may have tried very hard, but their bodies are working against their will.
A. But sometimes, they may work improperly.
B. People form habits around food at a young age.
C. If we often have delicious food, over time, our brain will change.
D. Now you know why fat people often have a tough time losing weight.
E. There is also evidence to show industrial chemicals may increase body fat.
F. However, the science behind weight problems is more complicated than we think.
G. People with low levels of body satisfaction are more likely to gain weight over time.
【答案】36. F 37. B 38. C 39. A 40. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章为我们解释了为什么减肥难的问题。
【36题详解】
根据空前“What makes people gain weight This seems like a simple enough question to answer. If we eat a lot and don’t do enough exercise, we will become fat. （是什么让人们体重增加？这似乎是一个很简单的问题。如果我们吃得很多而没有进行足够的运动，我们就会变胖。）”可知，这里解释了人们长胖的普遍原因。下面转折介绍了其他原因，F项中的however表示转折，weight problem就是减肥难的体重问题。F项“However, the science behind weight problems is more complicated than we think.（然而，体重问题背后的科学原理比我们想象的要复杂。）符合语境。故选F。
【37题详解】
根据空后“You may rarely touch vegetables while overeating fried chicken. （你可能很少接触蔬菜，而过量吃炸鸡。）”可知，这是一种我们养成的饮食习惯，和B项中的habit around food一致。B项“People form habits around food at a young age.（人们在很小的时候就形成了饮食习惯。）符合语境。故选B。
【38题详解】
根据空前“Scientists have found that the more delicious the food, the more excited our brains get. （科学家发现，食物越美味，我们的大脑就越兴奋。）”可知，这里指出了美味食物对大脑的影响。C项“If we often have delicious food, over time, our brain will change.（如果我们经常吃美味的食物，随着时间的推移，我们的大脑会发生变化。）符合语境。故选C。
【39题详解】
根据空前“Ghrelin and leptin help us to maintain a healthy weight.（生长素和瘦素帮助我们保持健康的体重。）”可知，提到了Ghrelin and leptin保持健康体重的作用，A项中的but表示转折，they指代Ghrelin and leptin。以及空后“As we get fatter, the levels of leptin in our bodies rises. Our brains are told not to eat all the time. In the end, they would no longer trust leptin and would stop responding to its “warnings”. When we start to lose weight, leptin levels drop. Our brains think we are hungry and makes us find food in our fridge.（随着我们变胖，我们体内的瘦素水平也会上升。我们的大脑被告知不要一直吃东西。最终，他们将不再信任瘦素，不再对它的“警告”做出反应。当我们开始减肥时，瘦素水平就会下降。我们的大脑认为我们饿了，让我们在冰箱里找食物。）”可知，这里提到了瘦素的工作不正常情况。A项“But sometimes, they may work improperly.（但有时，它们可能工作不正常。）符合语境。故选A。
【40题详解】
根据空后“ They may have tried very hard, but their bodies are working against their will.（他们可能非常努力，但他们的身体违背了他们的意愿。）”可知，这里解释了胖人减肥难的原因。空处进行了全文的总结。D项“Now you know why fat people often have a tough time losing weight.（现在你知道为什么肥胖的人很难减肥了吧。）符合语境。故选D。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My son was one of the students who served as a volunteer in different services while in a high school. Nowadays it is____41____for high schools to have a volunteer service hour minimum as a part of their graduation____42____ .
One day, I asked him why he worked long hours voluntarily every week. He gave me a reply____43____his years. He said, “Mom, you should not do community service just because it was assigned and you just need to____44____it in. You should do it because of the effects it has.” In many ways his opinion is____45____reasonable, and though the service hour requirement actually does get students to participate in volunteer work in their communities, does it____46____them to volunteer in the future
In some cases, no. A study found that when 8th graders in some schools were asked to accumulate____47____volunteer hours, those same students were no longer doing any service by their senior year of high school. It____48____that compulsory volunteer hours led to a “potential loss in long-term volunteering”. ____49____, other researchers discovered that young people were more likely to vote and attend civic life in other ways as a result of their____50____to community service in high school.
If teens____51____the significance of doing volunteer work and do it with a bit of enthusiasm, serving others in their communities will bring in a lot of unexpected____52____. My son’s exposure to a variety of non-profits during his high school years led him to receive a____53____scholarship for college, where he is now required to complete seventy-five hours per semester. But to him, this is____54____a requirement; actually he has benefited a lot more than that. ____55____ is what he has always wanted to do.
41. A. inevitable B. common C. convenient D. flexible
42. A. achievements B. ceremony C. requirements D. celebration
43. A. beyond B. of C. within D. to
44. A. take B. let C. bring D. turn
45. A. initially B. merely C. absolutely D. previously
46. A. inspire B. force C. expect D. persuade
47. A. tough B. random C. specific D. miserable
48. A. advocated B. recommended C. assured D. concluded
49. A. Moreover B. However C. Subsequently D. Similarly
50. A. response B. resistance C. access D. exposure
51. A. neglect B. stress C. recognize D. weigh
52. A. benefits B. requests C. consequences D. effects
53. A. conception B. service C. privilege D. anticipation
54. A. free from B. nothing but C. but for D. far from
55. A. Going back B. Giving back C. Taking back D. Looking back
【答案】41. B 42. C 43. A 44. D 45. C 46. A 47. C 48. D 49. B 50. D 51. C 52. A 53. B 54. D 55. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者的儿子按照学校要求去完成志愿服务时间，但他并不仅仅把这当作任务，而是发自内心地去做，他也从中获益很多。
【41题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如今，作为高中毕业要求的一部分，志愿服务时间的最低要求是很普遍的。A. inevitable不可避免的；B. common普遍的，常见的；C. convenient方便的；D. flexible灵活的。根据上文“My son was one of the students who served as a volunteer in different services while in a high school”可知，高中生会去做各种志愿者工作，所以这里应是说高中普遍要求最低志愿服务时间。故选B。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，作为高中毕业要求的一部分，志愿服务时间的最低要求是很普遍的。A. achievements成就；B. ceremony仪式；C. requirements必要条件，要求；D. celebration庆祝活动。根据第5空后的的“the service hour requirement actually does get students to participate in volunteer work in their communities”可知，学校将最低志愿服务时间作为毕业要求的一部分。故选C。
【43题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：他给我的答复超出了他的年龄。A. beyond超出；B. of......的；C. within在……之内；D. to朝。根据下文作者儿子的话“Mom, you should not do community service just because it was assigned and you just need to ___4___ it in. You should do it because of the effects it has”可知，作者儿子的话非常深刻，这种思想超出了他这个年龄段应有的深度。故选A。
【44题详解】
考查动词（短语）词义辨析。句意：妈妈，你做社区服务不应该仅仅因为它是分配的任务而就去完成它。A. take拿，take in意为“收留，欺骗”；B. let让，let in意为“让……进来”；C. bring带来，bring in意为“引进”；D. turn（使）转向，turn in意为“上交，完成”。根据前面的“it was assigned”可知，这里是说不能因为社区服务是学校分配的任务并且需要完成它，你才去做，“完成”是turn in。故选D。
【45题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：在许多方面，他的观点是绝对合理的，尽管服务时间的要求确实能让学生参与到社区的志愿工作中来，但这能激励他们在未来做志愿者吗？A. initially最初；B. merely仅仅；C. absolutely绝对地，完全地；D. previously先前地。根据上文“In many ways his opinion”可知，他的观点是绝对合理的，故选C。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在许多方面，他的观点是绝对合理的，尽管服务时间的要求确实能让学生参与到社区的志愿工作中来，但这能激励他们在未来做志愿者吗？A. inspire激励；B. force强迫；C. expect期待；D. persuade说服。根据下文中的“In some cases, no”和“those same students were no longer doing any service by their senior year of high school”可知，强制志愿时间让学生们在高中最后一年不再想做任何服务，由此可知，这里是对学校强制志愿工作是否激励学生未来继续做志愿工作表示疑问。故选A。
【47题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一项研究发现，当一些学校的八年级学生被要求积累特定的志愿者时间时，这些学生在高中最后一年就不再做任何服务了。A. tough艰难的；B. random随机的；C. specific特定的；D. miserable痛苦的。根据第一段中的“have a volunteer service hour minimum”可知，学校普遍有最低志愿服务时间，所以他们要求学生积累特定的服务时间。故选C。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究得出的结论是，强制性的志愿服务时间会导致“长期志愿服务的潜在损失”。A. advocated提倡；B. recommended推荐；C. assured使确信；D. concluded做出结论。根据空后的“that compulsory volunteer hours led to a “potential loss in long-term volunteering””可知，这里是对前面研究的发现所做出的结论。故选D。
【49题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，其他研究人员发现，由于年轻人在高中时接触过社区服务，他们更有可能以其他方式投票和参与公民生活。A. Moreover另外；B. However然而；C. Subsequently随后；D. Similarly相似地。上文的“A study found that when 8th graders in some schools were asked to accumulate ___7___volunteer hours, those same students were no longer doing any service by their senior year of high school”讲述了一项研究发现在高中做过志愿服务的学生在高中最后一年不再做任何志愿工作，空后“other researchers discovered that young people were more likely to vote and attend civic life in other ways as a result of their ___10___to community service in high school”讲述了有高中志愿工作经历的人在以后的生活中更可能投票并参与公民生活，前后的两种研究发现形成对比，应用however。故选B。
【50题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，其他研究人员发现，由于年轻人在高中时接触过社区服务，他们更有可能以其他方式投票和参与公民生活。A. response回答；B. resistance抵抗；C. access（使用或见到的）机会，权利；D. exposure接触，体验。根据第12空后的“My son’s exposure to a variety of non-profits during his high school years”可知，这里指在高中体验社区服务工作。故选D。
【51题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果青少年认识到做志愿者工作的重要性，并带着一点热情去做，那么在他们的社区为他人服务将会带来许多意想不到的好处。A. neglect忽视；B. stress强调；C. recognize识别；D. weigh权衡。根据空后的“the significance of doing volunteer work”可知，这里指青少年意识到做志愿工作的重要性。故选C。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果青少年认识到做志愿者工作的重要性，并带着一点热情去做，那么在他们的社区为他人服务将会带来许多意想不到的好处。A. benefits益处；B. requests要求，请求；C. consequences结果，后果；D. effects影响。根据下文中的“he has benefited a lot more than that”可知，做志愿工作会给人带来意想不到的好处。故选A。
【53题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我儿子在高中期间接触了各种各样的非营利组织，这使他获得了大学的服务奖学金，现在他每学期必须完成75个小时的学习。A. conception概念；B. service服务；C. privilege特权；D. anticipation预期，预料。根据第一段“My son was one of the students who served as a volunteer in different services while in a high school”可知，作者的儿子参与各种志愿服务，获得了大学的服务奖学金。故选B。
【54题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：但对他来说，这远远不是一个要求；事实上，他受益的远不止这些。A. free from不受……伤害（或影响等的）；B. nothing but只有；C. but for要不是；D. far from远非。根据下文中的“he has benefited a lot more than that”可知，作者的儿子从做志愿服务工作中获益很多，所以每学期完成75小时的志愿服务工作远不是一项要求，空格处意为“远非”。故选D。
55题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：回馈社会是他一直想做的事情。A. Going back返回；B. Giving back回报；C. Taking back退还；D. Looking back回顾。根据上文可知，本文围绕“volunteer work”进行论述，而志愿工作是一种公益性的回馈社会的行为，所以这里是说儿子一直想回馈，也就是回报社会。故选B。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The cheongsam is the classic dress for Chinese women, which combines the elegance of Chinese tradition____56____ unique elements of style and fully set off the beauty of the female shape.
The name “cheongsam”, meaning____57____ (simple) “long dress”, entered the English vocabulary from the dialect of China’s Guangdong Province. In other parts of the country including Beijing, however, it is known as “qipao”, ____58____has a history behind it.
After the early Manchu (满族) rulers came to China, the Manchu women normally wore a one-piece dress which came to be called “qipao”. ____59____the rule of the Qing Dynasty was ended in 1911, the female dress survived the political change. In the 1920s, the cheongsam experienced a change with the influence of Western styles, including its length____60____ (shorten), which allowed the beauty of the female body to be fully displayed. Starting from the 1940s, cheongsam became closer-fitting and more practical and in summer, women wore sleeveless dresses. It didn’t become standard female clothes until the 1960s.
Today, this close-fitting dress____61____ (feature) by stand collar, right side opening, fitting waist and slip bottom, shows its charm at many markets. Not only because it has varieties of styles, but also because it can____62____ (wear) either on casual or formal occasions. For instance, when wives of China’s ambassadors attend important social gatherings, the cheongsam is their first choice among dresses. In fact, quite a number of____63____ (influence) people have suggested that cheongsam should become the national dress for women in China. Many foreign women are eager to get____64____ (they) a cheongsam should they visit China. Cheongsam is no longer an article of clothing particular to Chinese women, ____65____is adding to the vocabulary of beauty for women all over the world.
【答案】56. with
57. simply 58. which
59. Although##Though##While
60. being shortened
61. featured
62. be worn
63. influential
64. themselves
65. but
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了中国旗袍的特点、演变和流行。
【56题详解】
考查介词。句意：旗袍是中国女性的经典服饰，它将中国传统的优雅与独特的风格元素相结合，充分衬托了女性身材的美。combine...with...是固定短语，意为“把某物和某物结合起来”，因此空格处是介词with，故填with。
【57题详解】
考查副词。句意：旗袍这个名字的意思就是“长裙子”，它是从中国广东方言中进入英语词汇的。空格处用副词作状语，simple的副词是simply，意为“仅仅，只”，故填simply。
【58题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：然而，在包括北京在内的中国其他地区，旗袍被称为“旗袍”，这背后有一段历史。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词“qipao”是物，因此空格处用关系代词which，故填which。
【59题详解】
考查连词。句意：虽然清朝的统治于1911年结束，但女装在政治变革中幸存了下来。根据语境可知，句子表示“虽然清朝的统治于1911年结束，但女装在政治变革中幸存了下来”，空格处意为“虽然”，是although/though/while，引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Although/Though/While。
【60题详解】
考查动名词和被动语态。句意：20世纪20年代，旗袍在西方风格的影响下发生了变化，旗袍的长度被缩短，女性身体的美得以充分展现。空格处用动名词作宾语，旗袍的长度是被缩短，因此空格处用动名词的被动语态being done，故填being shortened。
【61题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，这种立领、右侧开口、收腰、下摆的贴身连衣裙在许多市场上都展示出了它的魅力。句中谓语是shows，空格处用非谓语动词，由by可知，空格处用过去分词表被动，故填featured。
【62题详解】
考查被动语态。句意：不仅因为它有多种风格，还因为它既可以穿在休闲场合，也可以穿在正式场合。旗袍是被穿，句子用被动语态，空前是情态动词can，因此空格处是be done，故填be worn。
【63题详解】
考查形容词。句意：事实上，相当多的有影响力的人建议旗袍应该成为中国女性的民族服装。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词people，influence的形容词是influential，意为“有影响力的”，故填influential。
【64题详解】
考查反身代词。句意：许多外国女性都渴望在来中国旅游时买一件旗袍。句子表示“给她们自己买一件旗袍”，空格处意为“她们自己”，用反身代词themselves，故填themselves。
【65题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：旗袍不再是中国女性的专属服装，而是为世界各地的女性增添了美丽的词汇。no longer...but...是固定搭配，意为“不再是……而是……”，因此空格处是but，故填but。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
66. 假定你是学生会主席李华。随着冬天的到来，学生们疏于锻炼。请代表学生会给全校学生写一封倡议信，呼吁大家勤于锻炼。内容包括：
1.锻炼的意义；2. 推荐运动项目并给出理由。
Dear fellow students,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
the Student Union
【答案】Dear fellow students,
I’m Li Hua, president of the Student Union. Given the decline in our physical activity levels with winter approaching, I appeal to all of the students to take more exercise.
It is universally recognized that exercise is of great significance to physical and mental health. In addition to boosting our immune system, taking regular exercise enhances our concentration and reduces stress coming from study. To encourage everyone to live a more active life, I recommend engaging in jogging and skipping rope, which are cost-effective ways to enhance endurance and maintain a healthy weight. Another recommendation is playing basketball, which not only provides a full-body workout but also cultivates team spirit during the play.
Come on! Let’s collectively prioritize our well-being by dedicating time to exercise, achieving excellence in both our academic and physical pursuits.
The Student Union
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于倡议信。要求考生给全校学生写一封倡议信，呼吁大家勤于锻炼。
【详解】1.词汇积累
呼吁：appeal to→ call on
意义：significance →meaning
建议：recommend→ suggest
增强：enhance→ improve
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I’m Li Hua, president of the Student Union.
拓展句：I’m Li Hua, who is president of the Student Union.
【点睛】【高分句型1】It is universally recognized that exercise is of great significance to physical and mental health（运用了it作形式主语代替后面that引导的主语从句）
【高分句型2】To encourage everyone to live a more active life, I recommend engaging in jogging and skipping rope, which are cost-effective ways to enhance endurance and maintain a healthy weight.（运用了which引导的非限制性的定语从句）
第二节（满分25分）
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“I hope Santa will bring me the doll for Christmas,” Jenna Lee whispered. She and I pressed up our faces to the toy store window that separated us from the doll inside.
Jenna was my neighbor. She and her family had only arrived from South Carolina a few months ago, without her father. I didn’t know the particulars, only that they were under difficult circumstances. Mum often gave them some necessities and comforted her mother.
“It’s Chatty Cathy doll. If you pull the string on her neck, she’ll talk to you,” I explained.
“She can say 11 things like ‘I love you’and ‘Tell me a story’.”
“I’ve never seen anything like her,” Jenna said, rubbing (擦) the glass window with one finger. “She would be nearly as good as having a real live friend like you.”
Chatty Cathy was on every girl’s Santa list. But I didn’t tell Jenna what I knew for a fact: Santa wasn’t real. Knowing the truth about Santa did have one advantage. It gave me the idea to search the house for presents that might be hidden away for me until Christmas morning. In fact, deep in the back of mum’s closet (衣橱) I’d found my Chatty Cathy doll. On Christmas morning She would be mine! I could hardly wait. Until then, Chatty Cathy would remain my secret.
“She’s the only thing I wrote down on my list for Christmas. What’s on your list this year ” I asked Jenna.
“I don’t make lists,” said Jenna, her eyes never leaving Chatty Cathy’s face. “We’re grateful for whatever Santa leaves in our stockings (长袜). I just hope Santa can find us this year.”
“Santa knows everything,” I comforted her. Walking home, I thought about what Jenna had said about being grateful. My mum always told me to be grateful for whatever happened. Now I was grateful for having a Chatty Cathy doll in her pink and orange box, just waiting for me to open her up on Christmas morning. The thought of it made me burst with excitement.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
On Christmas morning, my family and I gathered around the tree.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Jenna skipped into my house with a Chatty Cathy when I was seated in the sofa disappointed.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】On Christmas morning,my family and I gathered around the tree. “Wow, a cool model car!” Here came my brother’s cheerful voice. It was then that my sister Lucy also unwrapped her gift under my mother’s help. On seeing the beautiful dress, the four-year-old girl asked Mum to dress herself in it happily. A pink and orange box attracted my eye, on which there was a note saying, “For dear Jane!” As I expected, it did belong to me. I opened the box quickly and excitedly. I couldn’t wait to play with my chatty Cathy. However, I couldn’t believe my eyes. In the pink and orange box lay nothing but a case of chocolate and a card saying “Merry Christmas!” It must be mistaken.
Jenna skipped into my house with a Chatty Cathy when I was seated in the sofa disappointed. “Look at my Cathy, Jane! Santa really found us though we moved! Let’s play with her together.” Suddenly it occurred to me that maybe my mother was the Santa who found Jenna. Thinking of what my mother always told me, I cheered up and hugged Diana. Now I was grateful that Jenna shared her doll and toy with me.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了小作者和她的新邻居家的小女孩Jenna成了新朋友，并且知道Jenna没有了父亲，家庭经济困难。一天她们在一起逛街时，Jenna喜欢上一个会说话的玩具娃娃，特别渴望圣诞老人在圣诞节是送给她这样一个礼物。小作者知道事实上圣诞老人是不存在的，不过是父母提前买好藏起来，并且她在柜子里发现妈妈已经买下那个娃娃，她肯定会在圣诞节那天得到它。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“在圣诞节，全家人聚在圣诞树下。”可知，第一段可描写作者一家打开圣诞礼物。
②由第二段首句内容“当我失望地坐在沙发上时，珍娜带着那个娃娃蹦蹦跳跳地来到了我家。”可知，第二段可描写珍娜得到了圣诞礼物，并且是她渴望那个娃娃。作者很失望，她并没有得到她以为会得到的那个娃娃，并揭晓真相。
2.续写线索：一起逛街喜欢上娃娃——渴望圣诞节——圣诞节礼物——作者没有得到娃娃——Jenna得到娃娃——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.穿上：dress sb. in…/put on…
②.打开：unwrap the present/open the box of the present
③.找到：find/spot/put one’s hands on
情绪类
①.感谢：show appreciation/show gratitude/be grateful
②.开心：become happy/cheer up
【点睛】
[高分句型1]. It was then that my sister Lucy also unwrapped her gift under my mother’s help.（使用了强调句型对时间状语进行强调）
[高分句型2]. In the pink and orange box lay nothing but a case of chocolate and a card saying “Merry Christmas!”（使用了倒装句和现在分词短语作后置定语）
[高分句型3]. Suddenly it occurred to me that maybe my mother was the Santa who found Jenna.（使用了that引导的主语从句）
