(共38张PPT)
Unit 9
Lesson 3
The Secrets of Your Memory
(1)
新 课 导 入
Let’s talk
Do you still remember the events in your childhood
Do you still remember what you did last Sunday
Do you still remember the English words that you learnt a few days ago
课 堂 学 习
Warm-up
1
Which of the following things do you find easy to remember Can you explain why
names and faces
numbers: telephone numbers, passwords, etc.
stories
facts and arrangements
things that happened long ago
things that happened recently
Pre-reading
2
If you were going to meet a memory expert, what questions would you ask him / her
For example, you can ask:
1. Does age play a role in the human's brain ability to store and recall information
2. Is there any special food that helps memory
3. How to remember things easily and quickly
While-reading
Read the text quickly. Does the text answer any of your questions in Activity 2
3
Memory expert Jemima Gryaznov answers four questions in this text, they are:
1. We tend to remember things that have strong connections in our mind.
2. People may not have a photographic memory, but some people do have a better memory.
3. The sharpest loss of memory occurs during the very early period after learning.
4. Our memory is changing as the time passes by. It reaches its full power at the age of 25.
4
Read the text again. Write T or F. Correct the false statements.
1. We remember certain events in our childhood, because we experienced many of them for the first time, and we felt strongly about them at the time. ( )
2. When we tell a story many times, we forget important details. ( )
3. Stephen Wiltshire has a photographic memory because he can draw a detailed picture of a city from memory after flying over it. ( )
T
F
F
We can remember them clearly.
He is good at remembering particular things but does not have a photographic memory.
4. It has been proved that some people have a photographic memory. ( )
5. The sharpest loss of memory occurs during the first five years. ( )
6. Our memory starts to get worse in middle age. ( )
F
F
No one has been proved to have a photographic memory.
The sharpest loss of memory occurs during the very early period after learning.
F
Our memory starts to get worse after the age of 25.
5
Pair work.
What suggestions would you provide for each of the four questions discussed Discuss with your partner.
For example, you can discuss:
What do you do when you can't remember something
What memory tricks do you suggest
How to remember new words effectively
6
Match the following suggestions with the four questions and put them back in the pare your suggestions with the expert's suggestions.
A. What can we learn from all this When remembering something new, try to connect it to our emotions. It is important to connect it with what we already know. Also, we can try to retell what we have learnt to a few others.
B. Therefore, one of the golden rules to increase how much we remember is to review the material periodically, especially during the first day after learning. This “spaced review” soon after learning helps build stronger memories and it is more effective than waiting to review everything before exams.
Para 1
Para 3
C. So take it easy. You are at a good age in terms of your memory. Make good use of it.
D. As most of us don't have amazing memories like them, when memorising detailed learning materials, we simply need to focus on the important ideas and be curious about what we learn. Asking questions about what we learn also helps with memorisation. Another effective technique to remember things is to group similar ideas or information together so that they can be easily connected to things that are already known.
Para 4
Para 2
7
What truths about memory does Jemima Gryaznov discuss in the text What advice does she give to improve one's memory
1
Truth: We remember things that have strong connections in our mind, especially emotional connections.
Advice: We need to make strong connections with things we want to remember in our mind, especially emotional connections.
2
Truth: Nobody has a photographic memory.
Advice: We need to focus on the important ideas and be curious about what we learn when memorizing complex learning materials.
3
Truth: The sharpest loss of memory occurs during the very early period after learning.
Advice: We need to review the information at regular intervals, especially in the first day after learning it.
4
Truth: Our memory reaches its full power at the age of 25.
Advice: We need to train our memory to remember more when we’re older.
Post-reading
Group work. Think and share.
8
1. How has the expert tried to make her statements to each questions convincing What methods has she used and what signal words can you find
To make her statements convincing the expert used:
examples: For example...
figures: a famous forgetting curve
quote: According to...
numbers: 25,200,40
2. Are there any answers given by Jemima Gryazov that are not convincing to you What are your doubts
Underline the most and least convincing words in the text that Jemima Gryazov puts forward.
Discuss what methods she uses to convince others.
9
Replace the underlined words and phrase with the words from the text.
1. Jemima Gryaznov thinks people remember things that have strong sentimental attachment.
2. When we do things with enthusiasm, we tend to remember them well.
emotional
excitement
3. When we try to remember detailed material, we should focus on the important ideas.
4. Jemima Gryaznov suggested another effective method to remember things: grouping similar ideas or information together.
5. A good strategy to increase memory is to review the material you are trying to remember often.
memorise
technique
periodically
12
Group Work. Read the tips for improving your memory. Which tips seem most / least useful Which, if any, would be useful for English learning
Five Tips for Improving Your Memory
1 Sleep well: If you don't sleep properly, you “lose” many of your memories.
2 Do physical exercise: When you exercise, more oxygen goes to your brain and makes your memory work better.
3 Do mental exercise: It is important to exercise your brain just like your body. New activities are more challenging than familiar ones.
4 Be interested: Ask yourself questions about what you are learning. We learn better if we are interested.
5 Form a mental picture: For example, if you want to remember the name “John Keys”, imagine his face with a big key on it. The stranger the picture, the better!
北师大 必修第三册
Unit 9
( 英语 )
ENGLISH
Lesson 3
The Secrets of Your Memory
(2)
Key points
doubt n. 疑惑，疑问，不确定
vt. 无把握，不能肯定，认为……未必可能；怀疑，不信任
[归纳拓展]
There is no doubt that... 毫无疑问……
There is some doubt about/whether... 不确定……（whether不可用if替换）
without doubt/beyond doubt 毫无疑问，的确
doubt + that从句 怀疑……，不确信……（常用于否定句、疑问句中）
doubt + whether/if 从句 不敢肯定……（常用语肯定句中）
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
1. Although most of them have no doubt ______ he will pass the exam, I still wonder ___________ he has really got everything ready.
2. People doubt ___________ the rising house prices will be under control.
3.________ is no doubt ________China is a great country with a long history and rich culture
that
if/whether
whether/if
There
that
tend vi. & vt. 往往会；趋向，趋于
[归纳拓展]
tend to do sth. 常常会做某事，往往会做某事
tend to/towards... 趋向……，趋于……
tendency n.趋向；倾向
have a tendency to do sth. 有做某事的倾向
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
1. We tend to_______ (have) a better memory for things that excite our senses or appeal to (吸引) our emotions than for straight facts.
2. Some people have a natural tendency ____________ (compare) themselves with others with the hope of getting satisfaction.
3. The sort of music I listen to varies, but it tends ___________ light music.
have
to compare
to/towards
as a result “因此，结果”
常位于句首，且常用逗号与句子的其他成分隔开
[归纳拓展]
as a result of 作为……的结果，因为(后接原因)
result from 因……发生，随……产生(后接原因)
result in= cause/ lead to/ bring about 造成，导致(后接结果)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
1. As ____ result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers.
2. Too much stress can result _____ anger, depression and other related problems, which we need to take seriously.
3. As a result ______ bad management, the company was closed.
a
in
of
Focus on language: Subject-Verb Agreement
主谓一致
Subject-verb agreement
定义：主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
一. 语法一致原则
主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。
1. 动名词，动词不定式，从句或不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
例句：
Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day.
听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后放松。
Everything is in a complete mess, which drives people crazy.
所有的事情都毫无头绪，让人发疯。
What he said is far from the truth.
他的话与事实相差太远了。
2. 主语后跟有with, together with, as well as, like, but, rather than, including等时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
例句：
The teacher as well as his students was very excited.
老师和他的学生们都很兴奋。
I think Tom, rather than you is to blame for the accident.
我认为是汤姆而不是你该为这起事故受到责备。
3. and, both...and... 连接两个不同的主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果有and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数形式。
例句：
Her teacher and her friends are in the sitting-room.
她的老师和朋友们都在客厅。
The poet and writer has produced many works.
这位诗人兼作家创作了许多作品。
二. 意义一致原则
意义一致原则是指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。
1. 集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。
例句：
The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls.
这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。
The class are doing experiment.
全班学生都在做实验。
2. “分数/百分数/the majority +of +名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后面名词的数以及其表示的意义；all, some, half, most, the rest等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。
例句：
About one third of the books are worth reading.
这些书中大约有三分之一值得一读。
Only 60 percent of the work was done yesterday.
昨天只做了60%的工作。
All of this is wonderful, but the rest part of this film is the acting.
所有这些都很精彩，但电影最精彩的部分是表演。
3. “the+形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
例句：The old are taken good care of here.
在这里老年人被照顾的很好。
4. a quantity of 后既可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词复数，谓语动词均用单数；quantities of 后无论是可数还是不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数形式。
例句：A quantity of time has been wasted on the project. = Quantities of time have been wasted on the project.
大量的时间被浪费在这个项目上。
5. “a number of + 复数名词” 作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of + 复数名词” 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
例句：
A number of students have gone for an outing.
许多学生去远足了。
The number of the students is increasing year by year. 学生的数量逐年增加。
6. 表示时间，距离，重量，金额等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
例句：
Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy.
对于一个男孩来说，3000美元是一笔大数目。
三. 就近一致原则
就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。
1. 由or, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also..., not...but...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。
例句：
Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
要么是你要么是你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。
2. 由there, here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
例句：
There are three books and a pen on the desk.
桌子上由三本书和一支钢笔。
Circle the subjects of the sentences in the Sentence Builder. Then use the correct form of the verbs to complete the sentences.
10
Retelling events _______ (help) fix experiences in our memories.
There ______ (be) some people who do have amazing memories.
They _______ (be) both good at remembering particular things for a limited time.
One of the golden rules to increase how much we remember ____(be) to review the material periodically.
Sentence Builder
helps
are
are
is
Circle the correct answer.
11
1. If anybody has / have any tips for memorising information, I would like to
hear them.
2. Many experts says / say that you should review information periodically
after you learn it.
3. Each of the students is / are trying one of these memorising techniques
this week.
4. Both of my English teachers tells /tell me to ask questions to identify the
most important information I need to remember.
5. Writing information down clearly makes / make it easier for you to review
it later.
1. Can you quickly list out the author’s advice to improve one’s memory from this lesson
2. Can you correctly say the usage of subject-verb agreement (共16张PPT)
Unit 9
Topic Talk
新 课 导 入
Let’s talk
How many subjects do you study at school What are they
School subjects
physics
mathematics
geography
English
Chinese
chemistry
math
music
art
PE
biology
technology
…
课 堂 学 习
Which subject do you enjoy most at school Discuss and explain why. Use the questions to help you.
Pair Work
The subject I enjoy most at school
Why is it your favourite subject
What do you learn in it
What is your learning approach to it
the way a school subject is taught or the means/method somebody uses to learn about a school subject, e.g., note-taking, looking up information, doing projects.
My favourite school subject was geography. We used to learn a lot about various countries, and what geographical (地理学的) features they have.
The learning approach I used was visual aids. For example, I used a world atlas (地图册) to find each country.
2
9.1
Read the Text Builder carefully. Then listen to the dialogue and complete it by underlining the words or expressions you hear.
Text Builder
Learning
My favourite subject is _________________.
physics
I like to _________
________________
_______ after class.
My learning goal is to ___
___________
work with
a partner or do group work
get
into college
3
Use the Text Builder to talk about the way you learn.
My favourite subject is English. I prefer to communicate with a partner in English rather than learn individually. I really enjoy chatting with my English friends online. Distance learning is of great benefit to my study especially during the epidemic(流行病). My learning goal is to communicate with foreigners fluently in the future.
Listen to the plete the information.
4
9.2
The boy is 1___________________ to revise for an English exam next week. He still needs to 2________________ some language points. He prefers to 3_________________ in a quiet place so that he can 4_______________ and keep the details straight in his head.
going to the library
brush up on
study alone
concentrate
5
Use the language you have learnt to talk about your learning goals.
You can talk about:
Share any specific learning difficulties you may have with the English language.
Discuss how these difficulties can be tackled.
Discuss five possible ways to improve your English learning.
Quote & Unquote
He who learns but does not think is lost. He who thinks but does not learn is in great danger.
—Confucius
Being ignorant is not so much a shame, as being unwilling to learn.
—Benjamin Franklin
I believe that the most beautiful meaning of life, and the happiest result of our experiences, is learning.
—Honore de Balzac
There is no end to education. It is not that you read a book, pass an examination, and finish with education. The whole of life, from the moment you are born to the moment you die, is a process of learning.
—Jiddu Krishnamurti
Key points
approach n.方法
[归纳拓展]
n.方式，方法；路径，道路；靠近，接近
the approach to... 解决……的方法；通往……的道路 (to为介词，后跟名词、代词或v-ing)
vt. & vi. 接近，靠近，接洽；着手处理
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
1. At the meeting they discussed three different approaches _____ the study of mathematics.
2. They came up with several approaches______________ (solve) the problem, but some were not practical.
to
to solving
prefer to “更喜欢……”，其后跟动词原形
[归纳拓展]
prefer doing sth./to do sth. 更喜欢做某事
prefer sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事
prefer A to B 喜欢A多于喜欢B（to为介词）
prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
prefer doing sth. rather than (to) do sth. （=would rather do sth. than do sth.）宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
prefer that... 希望/更愿意……（从句谓语常用“should +动词原形”，should可以省略）
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
1. I am busy preparing for the final examination. I prefer that you ________________ (come) tomorrow rather than today.
2. I prefer the school uniform______ the traditional Chinese dress at the welcome ceremony next month.
(should) come
to
Can you speak out your learning ways and goals about your favorite subject (共12张PPT)
Unit 9
Lesson 1 Active Learning
Grammar
新 课 导 入
1.The boy refused to admit stealing my money.
2.We don’t allow smoking in the classroom.
3.How did you manage to finish it so soon
4.He pretended to like us, but he didn’t.
5.He agreed to help but backed out when he found how difficult it was.
阅读下列句子，体会下面划线词语的语法特征。
v.+to do
v.+doing
课 堂 学 习
Look at the coloured verbs in the plete the table.
9
1. We need to train ourselves to be better learners.
2. I suggest doing five things to take an active role in your learning.
3. If you keep paying too much attention to it, you risk missing important information.
4. Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker / writer after all.
5. They attempt to find the truth at the heart of each idea.
6. If you try to find out the source of an idea, no matter how crazy it seems, you will increase your chance of learning something.
7. They refuse to learn or ignore what is said because of who the speaker/ writer is.
8. It is true that we cannot help disliking in some people --- this is human nature, after all.
Verb + infinitive
need to do
attempt to do/try to do/
refuse to do
Verb + verb-ing form
suggest doing
keep doing, risk doing, end up
doing/cannot help doing
Grammar
巧记用动词-ing形式或不定式作宾语的动词
1.常接动词-ing形式的(短语)动词有：
“承认”(admit)“冒险”(risk)别“继续”(keep);
“理解”(understand)“原谅”(excuse)和“感激” (appreciate);
“推迟”(delay)“享受”(enjoy)真可惜;
“完成”(finish)“想象”(imagine)又“建议”(suggest, advise);
“避免”(avoid, escape)“介意”(mind)别“延期”(put off);
“错过”(miss)以后不“考虑”(consider)；
“允许”(allow)“抵制”(resist, stand)或“放弃” (give up)；
“坚持”(insist on)“练习”(practise)要牢记。
2.常接不定式作宾语的动词有：
四个“希望”(hope, wish, expect, long)
三“答应”(agree, promise, undertake)；
四个“想要”(plan, want, mean, desire)巧“安排” (arrange)；
“设法”(manage)“学会”(learn)做“决定”(decide, determine)；
“企图”(attempt)“假装”(pretend)要“选择”(choose)；
“提供”(offer)“要求”(demand)别“拒绝”(refuse)；
“威胁”(threaten)“准备”(prepare)不“失败”(fail)。
3. begin, start, continue, prefer, like等词后面跟动词-ing形式或不定式作宾语意义上差别不大。
e.g.
The little girl started to cry/crying when she saw a dog coming to her.
4. 有些(短语)动词后接动词-ing形式或不定式作宾语时是有区别的。如：
(短语)动词 接动词-ing形式作宾语 接不定式作宾语
remember 记得曾经做过某事 记住要做某事
forget 忘记曾经做过某事 忘记要做某事
regret 为做过某事而感到后悔 遗憾(抱歉)要做某事
(短语)动词 接动词-ing形式作宾语 接不定式作宾语
try 试着做某事 努力去做某事
mean 意味着做某事 打算做某事
can’t help 忍不住 / 情不自禁做某事 不能帮助做某事
go on 继续做某事 做完一件事后接着做另一件事
Add the following verbs to the table above. Use a dictionary to help you.
advise agree avoid can't stand don't mind enjoy start help like manage practise regret seem remember
Verb + verb-ing form Verb + infinitive
suggest, keep, risk, end up, stop, try, cannot help, advise, avoid, can't stand, don't mind, enjoy, start, practise, like, regret, remember
need, attempt, try, refuse, agree, start, help, manage, like, seem, regret, remember
Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
10
Recently, I've managed 1 __________ (become) a more active learner. When I'm reading a book or listening to my teacher, I try 2 __________ (forget) what I've learnt before or what I think about the book or the person giving me the information and practise 3 _____________ (concentrate) on the information itself. At the beginning I found it difficult to do this and I couldn't help 4 _____________ (question) the ideas I was reading or hearing. But now I've learnt to avoid 5 __________ (listen) to my inner voice all the time and sometimes I even argue with it. On the other hand, I also attempt 6 __________ (ask) as many questions as I can. I ask my teachers a lot of questions and I've noticed that the answers to the questions have really helped me understand the topic a lot better.
to become
to forget
concentrating
questioning
listening
to ask
Now can you correctly tell the usage of verbs followed by verb-ing form and infinitive (共22张PPT)
Unit 9
Writing Workshop
A Learning Reflection
新 课 导 入
Let’s talk
As the old saying says, “If one can attain new understanding by reviewing old knowledge, he can qualify as a teacher.”
What does it mean
课 堂 学 习
You are going to write a reflective journal on what you have learnt from this unit. Discuss with your group members.
1
1. What have you learnt from this unit
2. Did you learn anything useful or interesting Give an example.
Let's check it together: What have you learnt from this unit
Things I can do to become an active learner
Tips to improve language learning
Techniques to strengthen my memory
Learning
Listen to the outer voice
Argue with the inner voice
Ask questions
Get to the truth
Focus on the message
...
Things I can do to become an active learner:
Read simplified classic works
Learn words in context
Use grammar in speaking and writing activities
Listen to English programs
...
Tips to improve language learning:
Retell what we have learnt to others
Focus on the ideas and be curious about what we learn
Review the materials periodically after learning
Make full use of our memory when we are young
...
Techniques to strengthen my memory:
Did you learn anything useful or interesting Give an example.
The most useful thing I have learnt in this unit is how to learn words. I used to memorize new English words one by one. But now I know I can learn words in chunks. For example, we say “open the book”, but “turn on the computer”.
Now, let's read the following learning reflection. List the things the writer has reflected on.
Read the learning reflection. List the things the writer has reflected on.
2
① What he's learnt
② The difference between what he knew before and what he knows now
③ What he found interesting in what he has learnt
④ Questions about what could happen in the future as a result of what he's learnt about
⑤ What changes he's going to make to his life as a result of what he's learnt
What does each paragraph talk about Mark the paragraphs.
3
a What I can do to improve my memory
b Reflections on what I've learnt from the lesson
c Reflections on my past knowledge about memory
c
b
a
the future learning plans
Read for structure
Summary:
the structure of a reflection journal
past knowledge
present understanding
Read for language
Now I understand why we remember the events in childhood better than those that happen recently. I also learnt that some people have amazing meomories. These people can remember things better than most others. For me, it’s good to know that no one has a photographic memory. That is to say, most of us will have to make an effort when trying to remember things. What’s more, it is amazing to know how a person’s memory changes with age. Our memory reaches its full power at the age of 25! Isn’t that surprising This means my memory is at its best state at the moment. I should make the best use of it.
1. How does the author express his idea of “having learnt something”
2. How does the author link the details together
Add more: I come to the conclusion that…
What impresses me most is that…
Getting to know the secrets of our memory means learning not only the facts about it, but also the ways to improve it. I think I will follow the advice provided and try to strengthen my memory. When acquiring new knowledge, I’ll try to make conclusions with what I have already learnt. Moreover, I must also learn to do “space review”, especially during the first day after learning. For example, this means going over what I’ve learnt soon after learning and before going to bed. In addition, it is important for me to make plans for the work I need to do. I’m sure these methods will help me improve my learning.
3. What addition linkers can you find in para. 3
连接词
一个独立的句子反映一层相对独立的意思，由这些独立的句子组成的语篇虽然也能表达一定的含义。学会使用连接词是增加句子连贯性的最主要的一个手段。
★ 表示附加信息的连接词
这类连接词有：and, also, again, too, as well as, in addition(另外，此外), besides, moreover (而且，此外), not only ... but also ..., furthermore (而且，此外), then等。
★ 表示转折和让步意义的连接词
这类连接词有：but, or, yet, on the contrary (相反), otherwise, however, even so, instead, while, although等。
★ 表示因果和目的的连接词
常用的表示因果和目的的连接词有：for, because, consequently (所以，因此), therefore, for this purpose, as a result等。
★ 表示例证和进一步解释的连接词
常见的连接词有：for example, as an example, in fact, for instance, such as, in other words, that is, namely, in general, especially, in particular等。
★ 表示时间和顺序的连接词
常见的连接词有：at the present time, sooner or later, at the same time, to begin with, since, later, when, after, then, before, meanwhile, during, eventually等。
★ 表示空间的连接词
常见的连接词有：here, there, where, beyond (在……较远的一边), inside, nearby, opposite to, to the left / right, in the middle, next to等。
★ 表示概括总结的连接词
常见的连接词有：in short, in conclusion, to sum up, in brief, on the whole等。
Pre-writing
4
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
Write three important things that you have learnt in this unit. Use the Sentence Builder to help you.
While-writing
Outlining Complete the outline of your reflection based on Activities 3 and 4.
5
My Outline
The topic I am going to reflect on:
___________________________
Paragraph 1: ________________________
Paragraph 2: ________________________
Paragraph 3: ________________________
6
Drafting. Use your outline and the Writing Help to write your first draft. Make sure that the sentences and paragraphs are properly linked.
Writing a Learning Reflection
It's important to:
understand why you should reflect on what you have learnt;
choose one topic that you want to reflect on;
list what you knew about the topic before learning it, and what you know about it now;
include how you will use your new skill/knowledge in the future.
Writing help
Editing. Edit your learning reflection in pairs. Then share what you have written in class.
7
Does the writer tell the reader which topic he/she is reflecting on
Does the writer explain the changes he/she has made after acquiring the knowledge
Does the writer tell his/her plans on how to use the knowledge or skills
Does the writer organize the piece of writing well by using addition linkers
◆ Mark any spelling, punctuation or grammar errors.
◆ Mark any unclear expressions. Give suggestions if you can.
◆ Underline the expressions you like.
Comments:__________________________________________
Now can you conclude how to write a learning reflection (共26张PPT)
Unit 9
Lesson 1 Active Learning
Reading
新 课 导 入
Let’s talk
What is the active learning
Active learning (主动学习; 积极学习):
i.e. a method of learning that is not only about listening to lectures and trying to master what the teacher has taught.
课 堂 学 习
What do active learners do
to take notes to focus on to ask questions
to reflect on to pay attention to to be curious to be open-minded to listen to a different point of view
Pre-reading
Use the phrases above to help you talk about an active learner in class.
While-reading
Do our brains learn by themselves How can we become active learners Read the first paragraph and answer the questions.
1. What do most people believe about the human brain Is it true
2. What is active learning
3. What is Kevin Daum going to talk about in the article
Most people believe that our brain learns automatically. But, it’s not true.
Active learning is training ourselves to be better learners, to actively take part in the learning process.
Kevin Daum is going to talk about how to take an active role in our learning.
2
Read the text quickly. Write the subheadings before the corresponding paragraphs.
3
Ask questions
Get to the truth
Listen to the outer voice
Focus on the message
Argue with your inner voice
1
2
3
4
5
Read the first suggestion. Identify the learning actions, reasons and learning effects in the diagram. Then, do the same for the other four suggestions.
4
1. Listen to the outer voice
Learning actions
Reasons
Learning effects
be open-minded and focus on what the speaker/writer is saying
If you keep paying too much attention to inner voice, you risk missing important information.
be in a better position to make decisions
2. _____________
__________
Learning actions
Reasons
Learning effects
Think about why the speaker or writer may be right.
Inner voice is difficult to control.
End up agreeing with the speaker/ writer or at least “listen to” another point of view
Argue with your
inner voice
Learning actions
Reasons
Learning effects
3. ____________
When getting information from others, books or the Internet, ask two, three or more questions about the topic.
It is easiest way to promote active learning.
lead you to further learning, and help you to achieve a higher level of understanding about the topic
Ask questions
Learning actions
Reasons
Learning effects
4. _____________
Don’t accept everything they learn and find the truth at the heart of each idea.
Even when an idea sounds entirely unlikely, there may be an aspect of it that is based on truth.
Increase chance of learning something.
Get to the truth
Learning actions
Reasons
Learning effects
5. __________
__________
Don’t judge a person by first impression. Separate the message from the messenger.
You may miss out on learning opportunities if you let your feelings get in the way.
Even if you don’t like a person, you can learn from him.
message
Focus on the
Group Work.
Each student chooses one suggestion and introduces it to others.
5
Post-reading
Are the following ways of learning correct according to Kevin Daum Write T (true) or F (false). If not, what should we do Why
6
1. When in class, focus on the voice expressing your own opinion.
2. If you think a speaker is wrong, argue with him/her.
3. Be curious to find more information about the topic.
4. Believe what is said in books.
5. Only engage in classes of your favourite teacher’s.
F
F
F
F
T
be open-minded and focus on what the speaker/writer is saying.
think about why the speaker/writer may be right.
Find the truth at the heart of each idea.
Separate the message from the messenger. You can learn something from people you dislike.
Which of the suggestions in the text do you think is the most useful for you Why Do you have any questions about those suggestions
Listen to the outer voice
Argue with your inner voice
Ask questions
Get to the truth
Focus on the message
I think “argue with your inner voice” is the most useful, because it makes me consider the other side of an argument.
7
8
Read the summary. Use the phrases below to replace the underlined parts.
In short based on at the heart of attempt to argue with achieve a higher level of understanding
get in the way of learning
There are many things we can do to become better learners. We all have two voices. Our inner voice tells us personal opinions and outer voice deals with others’ opinions and things we have heard. If we listen to our inner voice too much, it can 1 block us from learning. If your inner voice is difficult to control, you can 2 disagree with it.
get in the way of learning
argue with
One of the best ways to promote active learning is to ask questions. This helps you 3 gain more knowledge about a topic. 4 In a word, we should never stop being curious. Active learners also 5 try to question the world around them and understand the truth 6 deep within every idea. Finally, as active learners, we should never form opinions about people 7 on the basis of first impressions.
In short based on at the heart of attempt to argue with achieve a higher level of understanding
get in the way of learning
achieve a higher level of understanding
In short
attempt to
at the heart of
based on
What other ways of active learning do you know How will you learn actively in the future Make a list and explain pare and discuss your list with your group members.
11
Key points
assume vt.认为，假定，假设
[归纳拓展]
assume that... 认为……
assume sb. /sth. (+ to be) +n. /adj. 认为某人/某物是……
It is (generally) assumed that... 人们(普遍)认为……
assumption n.假定，假设
assuming conj. 假如，假设……为真
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
1. Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the ____________ (assume) you’ve made.
2. Once, a young school boy was caught in a fire accident in his school and people assumed _____ he would not live.
assumption
that
exist vi. 存在，实际上有(不用于进行时)；生存
[归纳拓展]
exist in 存在于……之中
exist on(= live on) 靠……生存
There exists... 存在……
existence n.存在；生活
in existence 现存的;现有的
existing adj.现存的，现行的(常作前置定语)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
1. They can’t exist _____ the money he is earning.
2. This is the most magnificent(壮观的) bridge ______ existence.
3. As the sixth in the world and the second in China (after Hong Kong Disneyland), Shanghai Disneyland creates many records among the ______________ (exist) Disney parks.
on
in
existing
argue with 争吵
[归纳拓展]
argue with sb. (about/over sth.) (就某事)与某人争吵/争论
argue vt. & vi. 论证，说理；vi. 争辩
argue sb. into/ out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事
argue for/against (doing) sth. 据理赞成/反对(做)某事
argue that... 主张/认为……
argument n.争吵，争论，争辩；论据，论点，理由
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
1. It is no use arguing ________ Bill because he will never change his mind.
2. Mike often argues _______ his friend ____________ small things, which makes them very unhappy.
3. Parents and teenagers may separate from one another to avoid __________ (argue), but this is usually a short-term solution that does not clear up the main problems.
4. He argued _________ smoking because he thought that it was harmful to health.
with
with
about/over
argument(s)
against
can’t help doing 忍不住 (或无法抑制) 做某事
[归纳拓展]
can’t help (to) do... 不能帮助做……
can’t help but do... 除了……别无选择，只能做……，不可能避免……
can’t help it 没有办法；忍不住
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
Her friend’s advice couldn’t help ___________ (solve) the problem, so she couldn’t help __________ (cry).
(to) solve
crying
How will you learn actively in the future (共21张PPT)
Unit 9
Lesson 2
Language Learning Tips
新 课 导 入
Share your learning difficulties you have in English.
difficulty with pronunciation, spelling, grammar, difficulty to understand the structure of a new language.
课 堂 学 习
Activate and Share
1
What tips do you know about learning English Give
reasons for each of your tips.
to read simplified classic works
to check the dictionary while reading
to guess the meaning of an unfamiliar word
to memorise grammar rules and do a lot of exercises
…
Example:
My tip for learning English is to read simplified classic works because they can increase my knowledge of English beyond the classroom.
Pre-listening
2
Listen for Understanding
Listen to an interview about effective ways of learning English. Which topics are mentioned
Listening
How to:
increase knowledge of English
learn new words
use a dictionary
learn grammar
deal with unfamiliar words
be a good learner
√
√
√
√
9.3
Listen again. Complete the missing information.
3
1. What is Dr. Smith’s advice on effective English learning
Dr. Smith’s advice to ______________________ of English beyond the classroom. One way to do that is ________________. He recommends that you try _________________________. The other way is to _____________.
9.3
increase your knowledge
by reading more
simplified classic literature
listen more
2. What is his suggestion on learning words
Firstly, you should _____________________. A lot of the time, you’ll be able to _________________ of an unfamiliar word without ______________. Also, you should learn _______________. For example, we say “open the book”, but “turn on the computer”.
3. What advice does he give on learning grammar
Just memorising the rules is ____________. His advice is that when you learn a grammar rule, you should try to use it in ___________________________. By doing so, you’ll be learning grammar in a more natural way than from a grammar book.
learn words in context
guess the meaning
looking it up
words in chunks
not helpful
speaking and writing activities
Post-listening
4
Pair Work.
Discuss the questions.
1. Do you find Dr. Smith’s advice helpful
2. What are other ways to learn English vocabulary and grammar effectively
(1)Writing and rewriting can be helpful.
(2)Translating and back translating can also be helpful. (3)Watching movies and TV series and dubbing(配音) is another possible way.
Focus on Function: Showing Interest (1)
Do you know the differences between British and American English (e.g. spelling, pronunciation, vocabulary, etc.) Give some examples.
5
British
English
American
English
British English American English
裤子
薯片
电梯
看电影
人行道
Vocabulary
difference
trousers
pants
crisps
chips
elevator
lift
watch a movie
watch a film
sidewalk
pavement
Spelling
difference
Pronunciation
difference
Listen to the plete the notes in the table. What differences between British and American English are mentioned List the examples.
6
9.4
Aspects Examples
ways of pronouncing words water, tomato,
example,
uses of words
dancing in the classroom
lift(英) / elevator(美),
football(英) / soccer(美),
underground (tube)(英) / subway(美)
7
9.4
Listen and plete the sentences in the Talk Builder.
Showing Interest (1)
1.—We have different ways of pronouncing words. For example,...
—That's odd! ______ ! Do they still mean the same thing
2.— I say “example” and “dancing in the class”, but Robert...
—__________ ! How do people...
3. —We say “lift”, but Americans say “elevator”.
—__________!
4. —The American “subway” is called the “underground” in the UK, or the “tube” in London.
—_________! I never realised...
A. Wow C. Ah
B. They sound so different D. Interesting
B
A/C
D
A/C
Can you add more expressions for showing interest
Search online to find more differences between British and American English.
8
Pair work. Act out a dialogue between an expert and a learner talking about differences between British and American English. The expert gives examples and the learner responds with interest.
9
Key points
recommend vt. 建议；推荐；介绍
[归纳拓展]
recommend that sb. （should） do sth. 建议某人做某事
recommend doing sth. 建议做某事
recommend sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事
recommend sb. sth. =（recommend sth. to sb.） 给某人推荐某物
recommend sb. as... 推荐某人为……
recommend sb. for... 推荐某人担任……
recommendation n. 推荐，介绍
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
1. He recommended （have） dinner in the restaurant.
2. I recommended this book anyone with an interest in art.
3. She was recommended the post by a colleague.
4. It is strongly recommended that the machines should ___________ （check） every year.
5. My teacher recommended me （revise） the notes before the exams.
having
to
for
be checked
to revise
look up 查找，查阅,抬头看
[归纳拓展]
look up to 尊敬，敬仰 look ahead 向前看，展望未来
look around 环顾 look back on 回顾，回忆
look forward to 期待，盼望 look out 当心，小心
look through 浏览，快速查看 look into 调查
look over 查看，检查 look on 旁观
look on...as... 把……视为…… look down on/upon 瞧不起
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
1. Don’t always look the new words in the dictionary.
2. He looked and caught a man putting his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
3. I have looked all my papers but I still can’t find my notes.
up
around
through
be honoured to do sth. 很荣幸做某事
[归纳拓展]
feel honoured to do sth. 做某事感觉很荣幸
（= feel it an honour to do sth.）
be honoured for 因……而受尊敬
be honoured as 被尊为……
It is an honour to do sth. 做某事很荣幸。
in honour of 为了纪念
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
1. They named the school after the hero honour of him.
2. He felt greatly （honour） to be invited to the wedding ceremony.
3. I do think is a great honour to take part in the activity.
in
honoured
it
Can you tell some differences between British and American English Give some examples.(共22张PPT)
Unit 9
Reading Clubs & Check Your Progress
新 课 导 入
What difficulties do you face when you are studying abroad
课 堂 学 习
◆ Reading Club 1 Studying Abroad
General Understanding
1
What cultural difficulties did the students experience when studying abroad
They may have difficulties in making friends, food, study, language and people there.
Critical Thinking
2
Find and share more stories about exchange students’ culture shock. Then give advice to them.
◆ Reading Club 2 Do Boys and Girls Have
Different Reading Habits
What kinds of reading do you prefer
Do you have the same reading preference, boys and girls
Which one do you prefer
Boys Girls
Fiction
Non-fiction
Comic books
Newspapers
Magazines
Mystery story
General Understanding
1
What is the interesting fact found from the PISA reading text in this article What is the reason
The interesting fact is that girls outperform boys in reading and the reason is that girls have a greater enjoyment of reading.
2
Find the correct figure for the percentage of boys who read for enjoyment.
in all the countries assessed ( )
in Austria and Liechtenstein ( )
in Albania, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Shanghai in China and Thailand ( )
c
a
b
What kinds of reading do boys and girls prefer according to the findings from PISA
3
According to the findings from PISA boys prefer reading magazines, newspapers and comic books, while girls prefer reading fiction.
Critical Thinking
4
Do you think the evidence in the article is strong enough to explain the finding that girls outperform boys in reading If not, what are other possible reasons
◆ Check Your Progress
1
Li Zhen’s teacher has invited three graduates from the school to give talks on learning.
Complete the two talks with the correct form of the words and phrases below.
Speaker 1(a famous writer):
blog concentrate focus reflection base opinion
argue attempt aspect impression curious establish
Now that I am an 1__________ writer, people often ask my 2_________ about the best age to start writing. Well, when I was in secondary school I started writing an online 3________.
established
opinion
blog
blog concentrate focus reflection base opinion
argue attempt aspect impression curious establish
I posted 4__________ I had on learning, social issues and school life. Sometimes, my classmates 5__________ with me about my posts, while others agreed with my ideas. As a result, my blog became so popular that it became the 6________ of after-class talks in my school. My teachers were 7________ about it and read it. My principal even told me that reading my blog had left a deep 8__________ on him and helped him understand many 9__________ students’ lives. However, he also suggested that I 10___________ more on my studies! When I first 11___________ to write a novel, I struggled to think of a story, but believe it or not, it ended up being 12_________ on one of my blog posts.
reflections
argued
focus
curious
impression
aspects
concentrate
attempted
based
Speaker 2 (an English teacher):
context literature recommend memorise the rules tips
acquire unfamiliar a big headache beyond the classroom
As an English teacher, I'd like to share some of my advice on ways to learn English well. Firstly, you need to practise as often as possible, not just in school but 1___________________, too. For example, try reading more than just the coursebooks. There's lots of English 2___________ that is written for young people. Secondly, if you are having trouble with 3___________ words, try thinking about the 4_________ in which the words are spoken. That might help you figure out the meaning.
Grammar can be 5________________ for some students.
beyond the classroom
literature
unfamiliar
context
a big headache
context literature recommend memorise the rules tips
acquire unfamiliar a big headache beyond the classroom
Unfortunately, just 6___________________ is not enough. I would 7___________ learning the rules and not worrying if you make small mistakes while practising. It will come in time and slowly you will begin to 8__________ the language without even realising it. I hope you all find my 9__________ helpful. Good luck in your English language learning!
memorising the rules
recommend
acquire
tips
For the third talk, choose the best option.
Speaker 3(a memory expert):
Thank you for having me here today! As a memory expert, I try to understand why some people are so much better at 1 memorising / memory things than others. One thing I often do is: show people an 2 arrange / arrangement of letters and numbers and then ask them to recall them five minutes later. Most people can remember a 3 limited / limit number of them, but about 10% of people can remember almost all of them.
These amazing people have brains that allow them to remember the smallest 4 detailed / details. Unfortunately, not all of us are born with 5 amazed / amazing memories, but with daily practice we can all 6 significant / significantly improve our brainpower. Another easy activity is regular exercise, which has been found to be an 7 effect / effective way to improve memory and mental performance.
2
Li Zhen has made a list of questions to ask the three speakers. Choose one of these questions and offer suggestions.
How can I balance learning and having fun
How can I remember more vocabulary
How can I Improve my writing
How can I read if my vocabulary is not large enough
3
In order to prepare for her study tour of London, Chen Yang has bought a guidebook about the city. Complete the extract from the book using the verb-ing form or infinitive.
On the first day, start at Baker Street Station. Sherlock Holmes lived at 221B Baker Street but don't expect 1________ (see) him there now. While you are in the area you will want 2_________ (visit) Madame Tussaud's Waxworks.
to see
to visit
Next door, you should expect 3_________ (be) amazed at the Planetarium, where you can see the stars indoors. If you like 4__________ (watch) plays and musicals, you are not too far from the West End where you'll find the theatre district. If you decide 5__________ (go) there, you can take the underground although walking is just as easy as it's only ten minutes away.
to be
watching
to go
Mike, an American exchange student, is telling Li Zhen about his plans to study in South plete their dialogue with the expressions below.
4
it sounds so different ah interesting wow
Mike: So Li Zhen, I've decided that I’m going to study in South
Africa next year!
Li Zhen: 1_______! Which part of southern Africa
Mike: No, South Africa, the country.
Li Zhen: 2______! I see. Where will you stay
Wow
Ah
it sounds so different ah interesting wow
Mike: I've enrolled in the University of Cape Town and I’m going
to stay with a friend of my parents’, who lives in the city.
Li Zhen: Have you enrolled in a particular course
Mike: Yes, they have a research department where I can study
African wildlife. I spoke to a university professor on the
phone the other day. It was interesting to hear his way of
pronouncing words. 3____________ to Americans! He was
very friendly, so I can't wait to get over there.
Li Zhen: How 4____________________! Well, I can't wait to visit
you.
Interesting
it sounds so different
What have you learnt in this unit Reflect and complete the diary.
※ Five things I can do to become an active learner:
____________________________________________________________________________________
※ Three sentences I’d like to remember from this unit:
____________________________________________________________________________________
※ Two things I can do to enhance my memory:
____________________________________________________________________________________
※ The parts I like / dislike in this unit:
_________________________________________________________________________________(共11张PPT)
Unit 9
Viewing Workshop
The Dynamic Brain
新 课 导 入
1. Do you think some people cannot learn a new skill or habit
2. Is it easier to learn something new when you are younger or older
Let’s talk
课 堂 学 习
There is a saying in English: "You can never teach an old dog new tricks. " Do you think we can only learn certain topics at certain times Why
Activate and Share
View and Learn
Watch the video and find out the answers to the questions in Activity 1 according to Dr. Frederic Dick, a scientist in brain research.
2
3
Watch the video again. Find out what the video is mainly about. Choose the best answer from a, b, c.
a. The latest research finding on brain research.
b. Why people can learn from birth until death.
c. How different stages of brain developement affect our learning ability.
4
What abilities or actions are best learnt or done in the two sensitive stages Watch the first part of the video and choose from the opinions (a-e) for the right boxes.
Experience Expectant Learning Experience Dependent Development
a. Practising motor skills.
b. Learning a foreign language.
c. Getting enough visual and light input.
d. Having many kinds of sounds around us.
e. Studying various school subjects.
c, d
a, b, e
5
Watch the final part of the video and answer the questions.
1. What is “brain plasticity” Why is it important for the function of the brain
2. What is the result of the people taking juggling exercises in just three months in the 2004 research
Brain plasticity means our brains can continue to change and develop in response to our experiences. It is really perhaps the fundamental organising principle in brain function.
There was significant expansion in areas of the brains associated with visual processing in the experiment.
Express yourself
What did you learn from the video What advice might you give to elderly people and parents of school children
6
Try to retell the development of our brains.
