房山区2023-2024学年度第一学期期末检测试卷
高三英语
本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回，试卷自行保存。
第一部分：知识运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 完形填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Before entering university, Wang Jiayi had never stepped onto a soccer field. Sports wasn’t really her ___1___ before college.
However, her perspective changed after witnessing the passion and heat of a male soccer match at university. Absorbed by the sport, Wang eagerly wanted to ___2___. But the ___3___ of a women’s soccer team at the university meant she could only join the male soccer team in a management capacity.
However, the following year, she took effort to ___4___ a women’s soccer team in her university. Recruiting team members proved to be ___5___. Wang visited the campus sports ground each morning to approach girls out exercising. She also sought out potential players from the women’s basketball and volleyball teams. Some girls joined out of ___6___, but their interest in soccer was limited. So she and the coach had to ___7___ them both before and during training sessions. To her delight, their attitudes gradually began to shift.
In June, Wang joined a local team, where she made an interesting ___8___: None of the team members were married. It seems that marriage and motherhood often prevent women from pursuing their personal development —not only affecting their choice of career but also ___9___ the realization of their own personal value.
But something did _____10_____: before this new semester begins, incoming freshmen are already seeking her out to join the women’s soccer team.
1. A. focus B. talent C. hope D. virtue
2. A. get away B. get involved C. get around D. get down
3. A. importance B. existence C. absence D. performance
4. A. establish B. sponsor C. train D. conduct
5. A. disappointing B. confusing C. interesting D. challenging
6. A. kindness B. curiosity C. pity D. gratitude
7. A. appreciate B. criticize C. motivate D. persuade
8. A. comment B. judgement C. reflection D. observation
9. A. disturbing B. chasing C. bringing D. improving
10. A. recover B. happen C. change D. approach
第二节 语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The ____11____ (winner) of the 2023 Hugo Awards were announced on Saturday night, with Chinese author Hai Ya ____12____ (take) home the Best Novelette award for “The Space-Time Painter.” Hai Ya’s novelette is inspired by a painting masterpiece, Qianli Jiangshan Tu by Wang Ximeng from the Song Dynasty (960-1279). Hai Ya has woven the story of Wang’s life into a thriller ____13____ combines the elements of traditional Chinese culture and history with sci-fi and detective genres.
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
On September 28, 2023, Tigst Assefa of Ethiopia ____14____ (shock) the running world. Her record was far beyond ____15____ most people expected. Last September, she first entered the Berlin Marathon, and set a new women’s record for the course. This year, she ran almost four minutes ____16____ (fast) than she did last year. Assefa had a secret weapon — her shoes. The shoes ____17____ (make) so that they collect energy every time the runner lands and give a special spring as the runner’s foot leaves the ground again.
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
In a tiny school on the southern-most tip of New Zealand, children as young as five ____18____ (participate) in a rat catching competition recently. Each child was given their own trap, made out of ____19____ (recycle) billboards. They have been trapping at neighbours’ houses, in their sheds, and in their back yards over the past three months. They’re really into the competition. Their end goal is ____20____ (enable) bird species to recover.
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分38分)
第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The Summer Science Program is an independent nonprofit, the only summer program operated, governed, and largely funded by its former participants and teachers, which is proof of its impact on young people for more than six decades. Many participants call it “the educational experience of a lifetime.”
What can SSP offer
SSP offers teens an exciting and inspiring immersion into hands-on experimental science. Working in teams of three 36 participants and 7 teachers form a supportive “living and learning community” over 39 days. Each team completes a real research project, taking and analyzing original data. Afterward, they join a worldwide network of 2,500+ alumni of all ages.
In 2024 we will operate six programs:
three in Astrophysics: research in near-earth asteroid orbit determination at New Mexico State Univ., Univ. of Colorado Boulder, and University of North Carolina Chapel Hill.
two in Biochemistry: research in fungal crop pathogens at Purdue Univ. and Indiana Univ.
one in Genomics: research in evolution of antibiotic resistance, at Indiana Univ.
Is SSP for you
SSP is open to current high school juniors (and a few truly exceptional sophomores) who have completed the pre-requisites by summer, and will be at least 15 years old, but not yet 19, during the program.
Key Dates for 2024 Programs
Thursday, December 14, 2023 Applications open. We can remind you. Friday, February 2, 2024 Deadline for international applicants-all non-U. S. citizens and U. S. citizens attending school outside the U. S. Friday, March 1, 2024 Deadline for U. S. citizens and green card holders attending school in the U. S.
Mid-March, 2024 International admission decisions released Mid-April, 2024 U. S. admission decisions released 2024 Programs will run mid June-end of July
21. In the 39-day program, participants will ______.
A. create hands-on science projects for teens B. support a living and learning community
C. collect and study data to carry out a project D. become part of a global alumni association
22. Which is a requirement for the applicants
A. Attending a U. S. school. B. Funding the program.
C. Holding a green card. D. Finishing pre-requisites.
23. An overseas student had better submit the application before ______.
A. February B. March C. April D. December
B
Paul Durietz is a 76-year-old social studies teacher from Illinois. On September 1, he set a Guinness World Record for the world’s longest teaching career. He has been teaching for 53 years-since he was 23 years old.
Mr. Durietz became interested in history after hearing stories from his father. He made up his mind about becoming a social studies teacher when he was just 11 years old, mainly because of his love of history.
Mr. Durietz got his first teaching job at Woodland Middle School in Gurnee Illinois in 1970. Ever since then, he’s been teaching social studies at the same school. For him, teaching is never boring because every day is different. He loves sharing his knowledge of history with students.
Things have changed a lot since he began all those years ago. When he started, he wrote on a blackboard with chalk, and the students used paper textbooks. These days, he and the students use computers and digital whiteboards.
Though technology has changed a lot, in Mr. Durietz’s eyes, the students are still pretty much the same-except that now they have cell phones.
And with or without technology, Mr. Durietz has used creative activities to help his students learn. For example, he has organized virtual field trips, geography contests, and special days about the US Civil War. To help his students learn about politics, he has even organized mock (模拟) elections at school, which his students enjoyed most.
For much of his 53 years as a teacher, Mr. Durietz has been in charge of the social studies program at Woodland. In that time, he has helped to guide over 20 other social studies teachers at the school. To his extreme pride, he has even had students come back and tell him that they became history teachers because of him.
Mr. Durietz wasn’t really trying to set a record. He was just doing what he loved. He has no plans to retire any time soon. He hopes to break his own record. He also hopes to set another record as the teacher who’s worked the longest at the same school.
“Keep working on what you love to do in life,” he always says.
24. Mr. Durietz received an award from Guinness for ______.
A. being the oldest teacher in Illinois
B. being the best social studies teacher
C. having the longest years of teaching
D. working 53 years at the same school
25. What has made Mr. Durietz most proud of his work
A. Sharing his knowledge of history.
B. Students enjoying the mock elections.
C. Guiding over 20 other teachers at Woodland.
D. Students following his example to be teachers.
26. According to the passage, which word can best describe Mr. Durietz
A. Passionate. B. Generous. C. Ambitious. D. Confident.
27. What can we conclude from this passage
A. One is never too old to learn.
B. Be famous as young as possible.
C. You have got to like what you do.
D. When work is a pleasure, life is joy.
C
Few would question that arts, in its massive forms and media, are like a mirror that reflects the social, cultural, economic or even political situation of a society of a particular era. However, beyond being simply an illustration of the human condition, arts can be vital in pushing the country forward culturally and economically.
Without doubt, arts are important for the progress of society. They enable individuals to develop on the whole and deepen the social ties in communities by gathering people to create, experience and enjoy art together, which can be seen from traditional ethnic dances to interactive theatre performanccs. Beyond material wants and needs, human beings find fulfilment in experiencing and expressing things of remarkable value through arts. Meanwhile, strong citizens’ participation in arts also strengthens the social fabric of a nation.
Moreover, arts enable a nation to progress in human rights and values. As powerful media that are able to stir hearts and cause reflection, arts can speak up the human voice of criticism sharply and clearly in times of crisis, and call upon society to seek the common good. It is evident that arts, which express human values and emotions, can constitute a profound way of promoting human dignity and additionally, form the barrier of the ethical and moral life of society.
More often than not, a booming arts scene may not narrow the rich-poor divide. It’s not hard to see that in a highly competitive world, it is essential for govemments to prioritize the development of a strong workforce and the building of sustainable industries. However, arts may well complement (补充) economic policies as arts encourage individuals to exercise creativity. As Albert Einstein stated, imagination is more important than knowledge. While knowledge and professional skills may stimulate a country’s development, the ability to innovate and think out of the box may be valuable to a society facing ever new and unpredictable challenges.
While the importance of arts may differ from country to country, depending on its economic circumstances and the socio-political issues, the importance of arts to the progress of a nation should not be overlooked.
28. What’s the first paragraph mainly about
A. The forms of arts.
B. The functions of arts.
C. The definition of arts.
D. The development of arts.
29. How do arts influence human rights and values
A. By reflecting humans’ views.
B. By pointing out the common good.
C. By giving people a sense of fulfilment.
D. By forming the moral standard of society.
30. Why is Albert Einstein mentioned in paragraph 4
A. To praise Albert Einstein’s achievements.
B. To call on humans to remember our history.
C. To stress the importance of arts in creativity.
D. To show the necessity of knowledge and skills.
31. What will the author probably agree with
A. Arts serve as the major influence in values.
B. Arts play a part in the progress of a country.
C. Arts should aim at strengthening social bonds.
D. Arts can bridge the gap between rich and poor.
D
A quick increase of dopamine (多巴胺) shifts mice into a dreamy stage of sleep. In the mice’s brains, the chemical messenger triggers rapid-eye-movement sleep, or REM, researchers report in the March 4 Science.
These new results are some of the first to show a trigger for the shifts. Understanding these transitions in more de tail could ultimately point to ways to treat sleep disorders in people.
Certain nerve cells in the ventral tegmental area of the mouse brain can pump out dopamine, a molecule that has been linked to pleasure, movement and learning, which is then delivered dopamine to the amygdalae, two almond-shaped structures deep in the brain that are closely tied to emotions.
Using a molecular sensor that can tell exactly when and where dopamine is released, the researchers saw that dopamine levels rose in the amygdala e just before mice shifted from non-REM sleep to REM sleep.
Next, the researchers forced the mice into the REM phase by controlling those dopamine-producing nerve cells using lasers and genetic pelled with light, the nerve cells released dopamine in the amygdalae while mice were in non-REM sleep. The mice then shifted into REM sleep sooner than they typically did, after an average of about two minutes compared with about eight minutes for mice that weren’t prompted to release dopamine. Stimulating these cells every half hour increased the mice’s total amount of REM sleep.
Additional experiments suggest that these dopamine-making nerve cells may also be involved in aspects of narcolepsy (嗜睡症). A sudden loss of muscle tone, called cataplexy, shares features with REM sleep and can accompany narcolepsy. Stimulating these dopamine-making nerve cells while mice were awake caused the mice to stop moving and fall directly into REM sleep.
The results help clarify a trigger for REM in mice; whether a similar thing happens in people isn’t known Earlier studies have found that nerve cells in people’s amygdala e are active during REM sleep.
Many questions remain. Drugs that change dopamine levels in people don’t seem to have big effects on REM sleep and cataplexy. But these drugs affect the whole brain, and it’s possible that they are just not selective enough.
32. What can we learn from this passage
A. People with sleep disorders could benefit from the research.
B. Dopamine is generated in two almond-shaped structures.
C. Dopamine levels rose after mice shifted to REM sleep.
D. An increase of dopamine can trigger REM in people.
33. The underlined word “they” in the last paragraph refers to ______.
A. the entire brain
B. REM sleep and cataplexy
C. drugs affecting dopamine levels
D. people suffering from sleep disorders
34. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To introduce two stages of sleep of all animals.
B. To explain dopamine as a trigger for REM in mice.
C. To present a new way to cure sleep disorders in people.
D. To propose a pioneer research interest in brain structure.
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Do Man-on-the-Street Interviews
The man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot. ___35___ But with these tips, your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy.
When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story, think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it. For example, if your topic is about environmental problems in America, you might ask, “Why do you think environmental protection is important in America ” ___36___
Hit the streets with confidence. ___37___ Say, “Excuse me, I work for XYZ News, and I was wondering if you could share your opinion about this topic.” This is a quick way to get people to warm up to you.
Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not interested. Don’t get discouraged.
___38___ Each interview that you get on the street shouldn’t be longer than ten minutes. As soon as you get the answer you need, move on to the next person. Make sure that as you go from interview to interview, you are getting a variety of answers. If everyone is giving you the same answer, you won’t be able to use it. A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten. ___39___
If your news station or school requires interviewees to sign release forms to appear on the air, don’t leave work without them.
A. Limit your time.
B. As you approach people, be polite.
C. If you don’t own a camera, you can buy one.
D. For new reporters, this can seem like a challenging task.
E. To get good and useful results, ask them the same question.
F. That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need.
G. With a question like this, you will get more than a “Yes” or “No” reply.
第三部分：书面表达(共两节，满分32分)
第一节(共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
When trying to memorize new material, it’s easy to assume that the more work you put in, the better you will perform. Yet taking the occasional rest time—to do nothing at all—may be exactly what you need. Just dim (调暗) the lights, sit back, and enjoy 10-15 minutes of quiet thinking, and you’ll find that your memory of the facts you have just learnt is far better than if you had attempted to use that moment more productively.
The remarkable memory-boosting benefits of undisturbed rest were first documented in1900 by the German psychologist Georg Elias Muller and his student Alfons Pilzecker. In one of their many experiments on memory consolidation Muller and Pilzecker first asked their participants to learn a list of meaningless syllables. Following a short study period half the group were immediately given a second list to learn—while the rest were given a six-minute break before continuing.
When tested one-and-a-half hours later, the two groups showed strikingly different patterns of recall. The participants given the break remembered nearly 50% of their list, compared to an average of 28%for the group who had been given no time to recharge their mental batteries. The finding suggested that our memory for new information is especially weak just after it has first been memorised, making it more sensitive to interference from new information.
Taking regular periods of rest, without distraction, could help us all hold onto new material a little more firmly. After all, for many students, the 10-30% improvements recorded in some studies could mark the difference between A grade or B. “I can imagine you could include these 10-15-minute breaks within a revision period,” says Aidan Horner at the University of York, “and that might be a useful way of making small improvements to your ability to remember later on.”
In the age of information overload, it’s worth remembering that our smartphones aren’t the only thing that needs a regular recharge, our minds clearly do too.
40. According to the first paragraph, what is a good way to boost memory while memorizing new material
_________________________________________________________________________________________
41. What did Georg and Alfons’ finding suggest
_________________________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
To enhance the memory ability, Aidan Horner encourages students to have breaks while taking exams.
________________________________________________________________________________________
43. Besides boosting your memory, what else can you do to improve your academic (学业的) performance (In about 40 words)
________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 作文(20分)
44. 假设你是李华。你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国历史很感兴趣，并请你介绍一位你喜欢的中国历史人物。请你给Jim回信，内容包括：
1、该人物是谁；
2、该人物的主要贡献；
3、该人物对你的影响。
注意： 1. 词数不少于100；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Yours
Lihua房山区2023-2024学年度第一学期期末检测试卷
高三英语
本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回，试卷自行保存。
第一部分：知识运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 完形填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Before entering university, Wang Jiayi had never stepped onto a soccer field. Sports wasn’t really her ___1___ before college.
However, her perspective changed after witnessing the passion and heat of a male soccer match at university. Absorbed by the sport, Wang eagerly wanted to ___2___. But the ___3___ of a women’s soccer team at the university meant she could only join the male soccer team in a management capacity.
However, the following year, she took effort to ___4___ a women’s soccer team in her university. Recruiting team members proved to be ___5___. Wang visited the campus sports ground each morning to approach girls out exercising. She also sought out potential players from the women’s basketball and volleyball teams. Some girls joined out of ___6___, but their interest in soccer was limited. So she and the coach had to ___7___ them both before and during training sessions. To her delight, their attitudes gradually began to shift.
In June, Wang joined a local team, where she made an interesting ___8___: None of the team members were married. It seems that marriage and motherhood often prevent women from pursuing their personal development —not only affecting their choice of career but also ___9___ the realization of their own personal value.
But something did _____10_____: before this new semester begins, incoming freshmen are already seeking her out to join the women’s soccer team.
1. A. focus B. talent C. hope D. virtue
2. A. get away B. get involved C. get around D. get down
3. A. importance B. existence C. absence D. performance
4. A. establish B. sponsor C. train D. conduct
5. A. disappointing B. confusing C. interesting D. challenging
6. A. kindness B. curiosity C. pity D. gratitude
7. A. appreciate B. criticize C. motivate D. persuade
8. A. comment B. judgement C. reflection D. observation
9. A. disturbing B. chasing C. bringing D. improving
10. A. recover B. happen C. change D. approach
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. A 10. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了王佳怡在大学之前对体育并不感兴趣，但在大学里看到男子足球比赛后，她的观点发生了改变。她努力创办了女子足球队，并面临了招募队员的困难。她通过努力和激励成功引起了女孩们对足球的兴趣，后来慢慢有女生主动加入球队。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在上大学之前，体育并不是她真正关注的重点。A. focus重点，关注；B. talent人才，天赋；C. hope希望；D. virtue美德。根据上文“Before entering university, Wang Jiayi had never stepped onto a soccer field.”可知，在上大学前，她从未踏足过足球场，说明她从未关注过足球，故选A项。
【2题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：被这项运动所吸引，王急切地想参与其中。A. get away逃跑；B. get involved参与其中；C. get around绕过；D. get down写下，专注于。根据上文“Absorbed by the sport, Wang eagerly wanted to”可知，她深深的被足球运动所吸引，迫切的想要参与其中，故选B项。
【3题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，由于大学没有女子足球队，这意味着她只能以管理身份加入男子足球队。A. importance重要性；B. existence存在；C. absence缺失，没有；D. performance表现。根据下文“she could only join the male soccer team in a management capacity.”可知，她只能以管理人员的身份加入男子足球队是因为大学里没有女子足球队，故选C项。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，第二年，她努力在她的大学里建立了一支女子足球队。A. establish建立；B. sponsor赞助；C. train训练；D. conduct行为。根据下文“a women’s soccer team in her university”和“Recruiting team members ”可知，她第二年就建立了一支女子足球队，故选A项。
【5题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实证明，招募团队成员具有挑战性。A. disappointing令人失望的；B. confusing令人困惑的；C. interesting有趣的；D. challenging具有挑战性的。根据下文“Wang visited the campus sports ground each morning to approach girls out exercising. She also sought out potential players from the women’s basketball and volleyball teams. (王每天早上都会去校园运动场，带女孩出去锻炼。她还从女子篮球队和排球队中寻找有潜力的球员。)”可知，招募团队成员是很有挑战性的，故选D项。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些女孩出于好奇而加入，但她们对足球的兴趣有限。A. kindness善良；B. curiosity好奇心；C. pity怜悯；D. gratitude感恩。根据下文“but their interest in soccer was limited”可知，一写女孩是因为好奇才加入的，但是对曲子的兴趣并不大，故选B项。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，她和教练必须在训练前和训练期间激励她们。A. appreciate欣赏；B. criticize批评；C. motivate激励；D. persuade劝说。根据上文“but their interest in soccer was limited”及下文“To her delight, their attitudes gradually began to shift.”可知，她在训练前后激励她们，使她们的态度有了改变，故选C项。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：今年6月，王加入了当地的一个团队，在那里她观察到一个有趣的现象：团队成员中没有一个人结婚。A. comment评论；B. judgement判断；C. reflection反思；D. observation观察。根据下文“None of the team members were married.”可知，团队成员中没有一个人结婚这是她观察到的现象，故选D项。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：婚姻和母亲身份往往阻碍女性追求个人发展，不仅影响她们的职业选择，也干扰了她们个人价值的实现。A. disturbing干扰；B. chasing追逐；C. bringing带来；D. improving改善。根据“not only affecting their choice of career but also ___9___ the realization of their own personal value.”可知，婚姻和母亲身份不仅影响了女性的职业选择，并且还干扰了他们的价值观，故选A项。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但事情确实发生了变化：在新学期开始之前，新生们已经在寻找她加入女子足球队。A. recover恢复；B. happen发生；C. change改变；D. approach方法。根据下文“before this new semester begins, incoming freshmen are already seeking her out to join the women’s soccer team”可知，与以前招募不到队员相比，新生们寻找她加入足球队，这是一些变化，故选C项。
第二节 语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The ____11____ (winner) of the 2023 Hugo Awards were announced on Saturday night, with Chinese author Hai Ya ____12____ (take) home the Best Novelette award for “The Space-Time Painter.” Hai Ya’s novelette is inspired by a painting masterpiece, Qianli Jiangshan Tu by Wang Ximeng from the Song Dynasty (960-1279). Hai Ya has woven the story of Wang’s life into a thriller ____13____ combines the elements of traditional Chinese culture and history with sci-fi and detective genres.
【答案】11. winners
12. taking 13. which##that
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了中国作家海漄凭借《时空画师》获得2023年世界科幻文学最高奖项“雨果奖”，成为继刘慈欣、郝景芳之后第三位获得雨果奖的中国科幻作家。
【11题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：周六晚，2023年雨果奖的获奖者揭晓，中国作家海漄凭借《时空画家》获得最佳中篇小说奖。设空处在句中作主语，由谓语动词“were announced”可知设空处应填名词复数形式。故填winners。
【12题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：周六晚，2023年雨果奖的获奖者揭晓，中国作家海漄凭借《时空画家》获得最佳中篇小说奖。句子结构分析可知，“with Chinese author Hai Ya ____2____ (take) home the Best Novelette award for “The Space-Time Painter””为with的复合结构，with的宾语Chinese author Hai Ya与动词take构成逻辑上的主谓关系，设空处应填take的现在分词作宾语补足语。故填taking。
【13题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：海漄将王希孟的生平故事编织成一部将中国传统文化和历史元素与科幻和侦探类型相结合的惊悚小说。句子结构分析可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，设空处指代先行词a thriller在从句中作主语，指物，此定语从句用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
On September 28, 2023, Tigst Assefa of Ethiopia ____14____ (shock) the running world. Her record was far beyond ____15____ most people expected. Last September, she first entered the Berlin Marathon, and set a new women’s record for the course. This year, she ran almost four minutes ____16____ (fast) than she did last year. Assefa had a secret weapon — her shoes. The shoes ____17____ (make) so that they collect energy every time the runner lands and give a special spring as the runner’s foot leaves the ground again.
【答案】14. shocked
15. what 16. faster
17. are made
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了埃塞俄比亚的蒂格斯特·阿塞法在马拉松比赛中打破自己上一年创下的世界纪录，快了将近4分钟，并介绍了她的秘密武器——一款新式跑鞋。
【14题详解】
考查时态。句意：2023年9月28日，埃塞俄比亚的蒂格斯特·阿塞法震惊了跑步界。设空处在句中作谓语，由时间状语“On September 28, 2023”以及下文“Her record was far beyond ____2____ most people expected.”可知此句陈述过去的事情，用一般过去时态，设空处填动词shock过去式。故填shocked。
【15题详解】
考查名词性从句。句意：她的成绩远远超出了大多数人的预期。设空处引导名词性从句作far beyond的宾语，设空处在从句中作宾语，指代“大多数人所预计的事”，该从句用连接代词what引导 。故填what。
【16题详解】
考查比较级。句意：今年，她跑地比去年快了将近4分钟。由空后的“than she did last year”可知设空处应填副词比较级faster。故填faster。
【17题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：这种鞋的设计是为了在每次跑步者落地时收集能量，并在跑步者的脚再次离开地面时提供特殊的弹力。设空处在主句中作谓语动词，根据句意以及空后从句中“they collect energy”可知此主句也应用一般现在时，主语The shoes与动词make之间是被动关系，设空处填动词一般现在时的被动语态，The shoes作主语，谓语动词用复数。故填are made。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
In a tiny school on the southern-most tip of New Zealand, children as young as five ____18____ (participate) in a rat catching competition recently. Each child was given their own trap, made out of ____19____ (recycle) billboards. They have been trapping at neighbours’ houses, in their sheds, and in their back yards over the past three months. They’re really into the competition. Their end goal is ____20____ (enable) bird species to recover.
【答案】18. participated
19. recycled
20. to enable
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了在新西兰南端的一所小学里，五岁大的孩子们参加了捉老鼠游戏。
【18题详解】
考查一般过去时。句意：在新西兰最南端的一所小学校里，年仅五岁的孩子们参加最近参加了一场捉老鼠比赛。根据句意及recently可知，本句话是一般过去时态，空处应为一般过去时，故填participated。
【19题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：每个孩子都有自己的陷阱，由回收的广告牌制成。根据句意可知，此处表示“回收的广告牌”，recycle与billboard之间是被动关系，空处应为过去分词作定语，故填recycled。
【20题详解】
考查不定式。句意：他们的最终目标是使鸟类物种能够恢复。根据句意可知，空处应为不定式作表语，表示目的，故填to enable。
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分38分)
第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The Summer Science Program is an independent nonprofit, the only summer program operated, governed, and largely funded by its former participants and teachers, which is proof of its impact on young people for more than six decades. Many participants call it “the educational experience of a lifetime.”
What can SSP offer
SSP offers teens an exciting and inspiring immersion into hands-on experimental science. Working in teams of three, 36 participants and 7 teachers form a supportive “living and learning community” over 39 days. Each team completes a real research project, taking and analyzing original data. Afterward, they join a worldwide network of 2,500+ alumni of all ages.
In 2024 we will operate six programs:
three in Astrophysics: research in near-earth asteroid orbit determination at New Mexico State Univ., Univ. of Colorado Boulder, and University of North Carolina Chapel Hill.
two in Biochemistry: research in fungal crop pathogens at Purdue Univ. and Indiana Univ.
one in Genomics: research in evolution of antibiotic resistance, at Indiana Univ.
Is SSP for you
SSP is open to current high school juniors (and a few truly exceptional sophomores) who have completed the pre-requisites by summer, and will be at least 15 years old, but not yet 19, during the program.
Key Dates for 2024 Programs
Thursday, December 14, 2023 Applications open. We can remind you. Friday, February 2, 2024 Deadline for international applicants-all non-U. S. citizens and U. S. citizens attending school outside the U. S. Friday March 1, 2024 Deadline for U. S. citizens and green card holders attending school in the U. S.
Mid-March, 2024 International admission decisions released Mid-April, 2024 U. S. admission decisions released 2024 Programs will run mid June-end of July
21. In the 39-day program, participants will ______.
A. create hands-on science projects for teens B. support a living and learning community
C. collect and study data to carry out a project D. become part of a global alumni association
22. Which is a requirement for the applicants
A. Attending a U. S. school. B. Funding the program.
C. Holding a green card. D. Finishing pre-requisites.
23. An overseas student had better submit the application before ______.
A. February B. March C. April D. December
【答案】21 C 22. D 23. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个夏季科学项目的情况，包括申请要求和截止日期等信息。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Working in teams of three, 36 participants and 7 teachers form a supportive “living and learning community” over 39 days. Each team completes a real research project, taking and analyzing original data. Afterward, they join a worldwide network of 2,500+ alumni of all ages.(在39天的时间里，36名参与者和7名教师组成了一个支持性的“生活和学习社区”。每个小组完成一个真实的研究项目，收集和分析原始数据。之后，他们加入了一个由2500多名各年龄段的校友组成的全球网络)”以及“In 2024 we will operate six programs(到2024年，我们将运行六个项目)”可知，在为期39天的项目中，参与者将收集和研究数据以开展一个项目。故选C。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Is SSP for you 部分中“SSP is open to current high school juniors (and a few truly exceptional sophomores) who have completed the pre-requisites by summer, and will be at least 15 years old, but not yet 19, during the program.( SSP面向当前高中三年级学生（以及一些真正特殊的二年级学生）开放，他们在夏季之前完成了先决条件，并且在项目期间至少15岁，但还不到19岁)”可知，对申请人的要求是完成先决条件。故选D。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据表格中“Friday, February 2, 2024 Deadline for international applicants-all non-U. S. citizens and U. S. citizens attending school outside the U. S. (2024年2月2日星期五国际申请者截止日期。美国公民和在美国境外上学的美国公民)”可知，海外学生最好在二月前提交申请。故选A。
B
Paul Durietz is a 76-year-old social studies teacher from Illinois. On September 1, he set a Guinness World Record for the world’s longest teaching career. He has been teaching for 53 years-since he was 23 years old.
Mr. Durietz became interested in history after hearing stories from his father. He made up his mind about becoming a social studies teacher when he was just 11 years old, mainly because of his love of history.
Mr. Durietz got his first teaching job at Woodland Middle School in Gurnee, Illinois in 1970. Ever since then, he’s been teaching social studies at the same school. For him, teaching is never boring because every day is different. He loves sharing his knowledge of history with students.
Things have changed a lot since he began all those years ago. When he started, he wrote on a blackboard with chalk, and the students used paper textbooks. These days, he and the students use computers and digital whiteboards.
Though technology has changed a lot, in Mr. Durietz’s eyes, the students are still pretty much the same-except that now they have cell phones.
And with or without technology, Mr. Durietz has used creative activities to help his students learn. For example, he has organized virtual field trips, geography contests, and special days about the US Civil War. To help his students learn about politics, he has even organized mock (模拟的) elections at school, which his students enjoyed most.
For much of his 53 years as a teacher, Mr. Durietz has been in charge of the social studies program at Woodland. In that time, he has helped to guide over 20 other social studies teachers at the school. To his extreme pride, he has even had students come back and tell him that they became history teachers because of him.
Mr. Durietz wasn’t really trying to set a record. He was just doing what he loved. He has no plans to retire any time soon. He hopes to break his own record. He also hopes to set another record as the teacher who’s worked the longest at the same school.
“Keep working on what you love to do in life,” he always says.
24. Mr. Durietz received an award from Guinness for ______.
A. being the oldest teacher in Illinois
B. being the best social studies teacher
C. having the longest years of teaching
D. working 53 years at the same school
25. What has made Mr. Durietz most proud of his work
A. Sharing his knowledge of history.
B. Students enjoying the mock elections.
C. Guiding over 20 other teachers at Woodland.
D. Students following his example to be teachers.
26. According to the passage, which word can best describe Mr. Durietz
A. Passionate. B. Generous. C. Ambitious. D. Confident.
27. What can we conclude from this passage
A. One is never too old to learn.
B. Be famous as young as possible.
C. You have got to like what you do.
D. When work is a pleasure, life is joy.
【答案】24. C 25. D 26. A 27. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。通过描述社会学教师Paul Durietz的教育生涯、他的教学方法以及对教育的热情来展示他的故事。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“On September 1, he set a Guinness World Record for the world’s longest teaching career. He has been teaching for 53 years-since he was 23 years old. (9月1日，他创造了世界上最长的教学生涯的吉尼斯世界纪录。他从23岁开始教书53年。)”可知，Mr. Durietz因最长的教学年限获得了吉尼斯奖，故选C项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第七段中“To his extreme pride, he has even had students come back and tell him that they became history teachers because of him. (令他极度自豪的是，他甚至有学生回来告诉他，他们因为他而成为历史老师。)”可知，Mr. Durietz最自豪的是学生以他为榜样成为老师。故选D项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“For him, teaching is never boring because every day is different. He loves sharing his knowledge of history with students. (对他来说，教学从不无聊，因为每一天都不一样。他喜欢与学生分享他的历史知识。)”可知，Mr. Durietz是一个有充满热情的人，故选A项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第八段中“Mr. Durietz wasn’t really trying to set a record. He was just doing what he loved. (杜里茨并不是真的想创造纪录。他只是在做他喜欢的事情。)”以及““Keep working on what you love to do in life,” he always says. (“继续努力做你喜欢做的事情，”他总是说。)”可知，当工作是一种乐趣时，生活就是快乐的，故选D项。
C
Few would question that arts, in its massive forms and media, are like a mirror that reflects the social, cultural, economic or even political situation of a society of a particular era. However, beyond being simply an illustration of the human condition, arts can be vital in pushing the country forward culturally and economically.
Without doubt, arts are important for the progress of society. They enable individuals to develop on the whole and deepen the social ties in communities by gathering people to create, experience and enjoy art together, which can be seen from traditional ethnic dances to interactive theatre performanccs. Beyond material wants and needs, human beings find fulfilment in experiencing and expressing things of remarkable value through arts. Meanwhile, strong citizens’ participation in arts also strengthens the social fabric of a nation.
Moreover, arts enable a nation to progress in human rights and values. As powerful media that are able to stir hearts and cause reflection, arts can speak up the human voice of criticism sharply and clearly in times of crisis, and call upon society to seek the common good. It is evident that arts, which express human values and emotions, can constitute a profound way of promoting human dignity and additionally, form the barrier of the ethical and moral life of society.
More often than not, a booming arts scene may not narrow the rich-poor divide. It’s not hard to see that in a highly competitive world, it is essential for govemments to prioritize the development of a strong workforce and the building of sustainable industries. However, arts may well complement (补充) economic policies as arts encourage individuals to exercise creativity. As Albert Einstein stated, imagination is more important than knowledge. While knowledge and professional skills may stimulate a country’s development, the ability to innovate and think out of the box may be valuable to a society facing ever new and unpredictable challenges.
While the importance of arts may differ from country to country, depending on its economic circumstances and the socio-political issues, the importance of arts to the progress of a nation should not be overlooked.
28. What’s the first paragraph mainly about
A The forms of arts.
B. The functions of arts.
C. The definition of arts.
D. The development of arts.
29. How do arts influence human rights and values
A. By reflecting humans’ views.
B. By pointing out the common good.
C. By giving people a sense of fulfilment.
D. By forming the moral standard of society.
30. Why is Albert Einstein mentioned in paragraph 4
A. To praise Albert Einstein’s achievements.
B. To call on humans to remember our history.
C. To stress the importance of arts in creativity.
D. To show the necessity of knowledge and skills.
31. What will the author probably agree with
A. Arts serve as the major influence in values.
B. Arts play a part in the progress of a country.
C. Arts should aim at strengthening social bonds.
D. Arts can bridge the gap between rich and poor.
【答案】28. B 29. D 30. C 31. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了艺术在国家经济社会发展中的重要作用。
【28题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“However, beyond being simply an illustration of the human condition, arts can be vital in pushing the country forward culturally and economically. (然而，艺术不仅仅阐释了人类的境况，它在促进国家文化和经济发展方面也是非常重要的)”可知，此处总结上句说明了艺术能够阐释人类的境况，还引出艺术另一个重要的作用，就是促进经济文化发展。由此可知，第一段主要谈论了艺术的功能和作用。故选B项。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“It is evident that arts, which express human values and emotions, can constitute a profound way of promoting human dignity and additionally, form the barrier of the ethical and moral life of society. (很明显，表达了人类价值观和情感的艺术，构成了提升人类尊严的深刻途径，形成了社会伦理和道德生活的屏障)”可知，艺术形成了社会道德生活的准则，以此来影响人权和价值观。故选D项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段第三四句“However, arts may well complement (补充) economic policies as arts encourage individuals to exercise creativity. As Albert Einstein stated, imagination is more important than knowledge. (然而，艺术可以很好地补充经济政策，因为艺术鼓励个人去发挥自己的创造力。正如爱因斯坦所说，想象力比知识更重要) ”可推知，引用爱因斯坦的话是为了说明艺术的重要性，因为它可以激发创造力。故选C项。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“While the importance of arts may differ from country to country, depending on its economic circumstances and the socio-political issues, the importance of arts to the progress of a nation should not be overlooked. (尽管艺术的重要性因为不同国家的经济，社会政治问题而有所不同，但是艺术对一个国家发展进步的重要性不应该被忽视)”可推知，作者认为艺术在国家发展中有重要作用。故选B项。
D
A quick increase of dopamine (多巴胺) shifts mice into a dreamy stage of sleep. In the mice’s brains, the chemical messenger triggers rapid-eye-movement sleep, or REM, researchers report in the March 4 Science.
These new results are some of the first to show a trigger for the shifts. Understanding these transitions in more de tail could ultimately point to ways to treat sleep disorders in people.
Certain nerve cells in the ventral tegmental area of the mouse brain can pump out dopamine, a molecule that has been linked to pleasure, movement and learning, which is then delivered dopamine to the amygdalae, two almond-shaped structures deep in the brain that are closely tied to emotions.
Using a molecular sensor that can tell exactly when and where dopamine is released, the researchers saw that dopamine levels rose in the amygdala e just before mice shifted from non-REM sleep to REM sleep.
Next, the researchers forced the mice into the REM phase by controlling those dopamine-producing nerve cells using lasers and genetic pelled with light, the nerve cells released dopamine in the amygdalae while mice were in non-REM sleep. The mice then shifted into REM sleep sooner than they typically did, after an average of about two minutes compared with about eight minutes for mice that weren’t prompted to release dopamine. Stimulating these cells every half hour increased the mice’s total amount of REM sleep.
Additional experiments suggest that these dopamine-making nerve cells may also be involved in aspects of narcolepsy (嗜睡症). A sudden loss of muscle tone, called cataplexy, shares features with REM sleep and can accompany narcolepsy. Stimulating these dopamine-making nerve cells while mice were awake caused the mice to stop moving and fall directly into REM sleep.
The results help clarify a trigger for REM in mice; whether a similar thing happens in people isn’t known. Earlier studies have found that nerve cells in people’s amygdala e are active during REM sleep.
Many questions remain. Drugs that change dopamine levels in people don’t seem to have big effects on REM sleep and cataplexy. But these drugs affect the whole brain, and it’s possible that they are just not selective enough.
32. What can we learn from this passage
A. People with sleep disorders could benefit from the research.
B. Dopamine is generated in two almond-shaped structures.
C. Dopamine levels rose after mice shifted to REM sleep.
D An increase of dopamine can trigger REM in people.
33. The underlined word “they” in the last paragraph refers to ______.
A. the entire brain
B. REM sleep and cataplexy
C. drugs affecting dopamine levels
D. people suffering from sleep disorders
34. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To introduce two stages of sleep of all animals.
B. To explain dopamine as a trigger for REM in mice.
C. To present a new way to cure sleep disorders in people.
D. To propose a pioneer research interest in brain structure.
【答案】32. A 33. C 34. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一片说明文。主要解释了多巴胺如何成为小鼠REM睡眠的触发器，并研究表明这可能有助于理解和治疗人类的睡眠障碍。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Understanding these transitions in more de tail could ultimately point to ways to treat sleep disorders in people. (更多地了解这些转变，最终可以指出治疗人们睡眠障碍的方法。)”可知，了解这种转变的细节可能最终会为治疗人类的睡眠障碍提供方法，即患有睡眠障碍的人可以从这项研究中受益。故选A项。
【33题详解】
词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“Drugs that change dopamine levels in people don’t seem to have big effects on REM sleep and cataplexy. But these drugs affect the whole brain, and it’s possible that they are just not selective enough. (改变人体多巴胺水平的药物似乎对快速眼动睡眠和猝倒没有太大影响。但这些药物会影响整个大脑，而且它们可能只是选择性不够。)”可知，they指代的是影响多巴胺水平的药物，故选C项。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“A quick increase of dopamine (多巴胺) shifts mice into a dreamy stage of sleep. In the mice’s brains, the chemical messenger triggers rapid-eye-movement sleep, or REM, researchers report in the March 4 Science. (多巴胺的快速增加使小鼠进入梦幻般的睡眠阶段。研究人员在3月4日的《科学》杂志上报告说，在小鼠的大脑中，化学信使会触发快速眼动睡眠（REM）。)”及第二段“These new results are some of the first to show a trigger for the shifts. (这些新结果是最早显示转变触发因素的。)”可知，文章的主要目的是解释多巴胺如何成为小鼠REM睡眠的触发器因素，故选B项。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Do Man-on-the-Street Interviews
The man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot. ___35___ But with these tips, your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy.
When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story, think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it. For example, if your topic is about environmental problems in America, you might ask, “Why do you think environmental protection is important in America ” ___36___
Hit the streets with confidence. ___37___ Say, “Excuse me, I work for XYZ News, and I was wondering if you could share your opinion about this topic.” This is a quick way to get people to warm up to you.
Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not interested. Don’t get discouraged.
___38___ Each interview that you get on the street shouldn’t be longer than ten minutes. As soon as you get the answer you need, move on to the next person. Make sure that as you go from interview to interview, you are getting a variety of answers. If everyone is giving you the same answer, you won’t be able to use it. A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten. ___39___
If your news station or school requires interviewees to sign release forms to appear on the air, don’t leave work without them.
A. Limit your time.
B. As you approach people, be polite.
C. If you don’t own a camera, you can buy one.
D. For new reporters, this can seem like a challenging task.
E. To get good and useful results, ask them the same question.
F. That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need.
G. With a question like this, you will get more than a “Yes” or “No” reply.
【答案】35. D 36. G 37. B 38. A 39. F
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇选句填空。本文主要讲述了如何进行街头采访。文中给了几个小贴士来帮助那些新记者更轻松的进行街头采访，比如采访前计划好话题和问题，增强自己的信心，控制采访的时间等。
【35题详解】
根据后一句But with these tips, your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy.可知，以下这些小贴士会让你的采访很容易。but一词连接两句相反的句意，故可推测，空白处会写道采访是件很困难的事。D. For new reporters, this can seem like a challenging task.(对于新记者来说，这似乎是一项具有挑战性的任务。)符合上下文语境，故选D。
【36题详解】
根据前文think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it.可知，本段讲的是在采访前需要想好话题以及和话题相关的问题，空白处前一句是一个问题，With a question like this, you will get more than a “Yes” or “No” reply.(有了这样一个问题，你将得到不止一个“是”或“否”的回答。)符合此处语境，关键词questions，故选G。
【37题详解】
根据主题句Hit the streets with confidence.以及后文Excuse me…This is a quick way to get people to warm up to you.可知，本段讲上街采访礼仪方面的注意事项，B项：As you approach people, be polite.(当你接近别人时，要有礼貌。)符合本段文意。故选B。
【38题详解】
根据后一句Each interview that you get on the street shouldn’t be longer than ten minutes. As soon as you get the answer you need, move on to the next person.可知，每次街头采访一个人不应该超过十分钟。一旦你得到你需要的答案，就转到下一个人。可推测你采访的时候要控制好自己的时间。A. Limit your time.(限制你的时间)符合本段文意，故选A。
【39题详解】
根据前文Make sure that as you go from interview to interview, you are getting a variety of answers.可知，当你采访的时候，你要尽量得到多种多样的答案。关键词answers，空格前又提到A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten.(进行采访的安全人数大约是六到十人。)F项：That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need.(面试次数应该能给你所有你需要的答案。)符合文意，故选F。
第三部分：书面表达(共两节，满分32分)
第一节(共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
When trying to memorize new material it’s easy to assume that the more work you put in, the better you will perform. Yet taking the occasional rest time—to do nothing at all—may be exactly what you need. Just dim (调暗) the lights, sit back, and enjoy 10-15 minutes of quiet thinking, and you’ll find that your memory of the facts you have just learnt is far better than if you had attempted to use that moment more productively.
The remarkable memory-boosting benefits of undisturbed rest were first documented in1900 by the German psychologist Georg Elias Muller and his student Alfons Pilzecker. In one of their many experiments on memory consolidation, Muller and Pilzecker first asked their participants to learn a list of meaningless syllables. Following a short study period half the group were immediately given a second list to learn—while the rest were given a six-minute break before continuing.
When tested one-and-a-half hours later, the two groups showed strikingly different patterns of recall. The participants given the break remembered nearly 50% of their list, compared to an average of 28%for the group who had been given no time to recharge their mental batteries. The finding suggested that our memory for new information is especially weak just after it has first been memorised, making it more sensitive to interference from new information.
Taking regular periods of rest, without distraction, could help us all hold onto new material a little more firmly. After all, for many students, the 10-30% improvements recorded in some studies could mark the difference between A grade or B. “I can imagine you could include these 10-15-minute breaks within a revision period,” says Aidan Horner at the University of York, “and that might be a useful way of making small improvements to your ability to remember later on.”
In the age of information overload, it’s worth remembering that our smartphones aren’t the only thing that needs a regular recharge, our minds clearly do too.
40. According to the first paragraph, what is a good way to boost memory while memorizing new material
_________________________________________________________________________________________
41. What did Georg and Alfons’ finding suggest
_________________________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
To enhance the memory ability, Aidan Horner encourages students to have breaks while taking exams.
________________________________________________________________________________________
43. Besides boosting your memory, what else can you do to improve your academic (学业的) performance (In about 40 words)
________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. ①Taking the occasional rest time to do nothing at all (is a good way to boost memory while memorizing new material) .
②Dimming the lights, sitting back, and enjoying 10-15 minutes of quiet thinking (is a good way to boost memory while memorizing new material) .或者 Just dim the lights, sit back, and enjoy 10-15 minutes of quiet thinking, and you'll find that your memory of the facts you have just learnt is far better (than if you had attempted to use that moment more productively) .
41. The finding (或者Their finding) suggested that our memory for new information is especially weak just after it has first been memorized, making it more sensitive to inter fence from new information.
42. To enhance the memory ability, Aidan Horner encourages students to have breaks (while) taking exams. Aidan Horner encourages students to include 10-15-minute breaks within a revision period.或者“I can imagine you could include these 10-15-minute breaks within a revision period,” says Aidan Horner at the University of York, “and that might be a useful way of making small improvements to your ability to remember later on.”
43. Taking notes and reviewing regularly is a useful way to improve my academic performance. I take notes on all subjects everyday and I'm used to reviewing what I have learnt before doing my homework and every examination. I have benefited a lot from this learning method.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现偶尔休息一下，什么都不做可以在记忆新材料的同时提高记忆力。文章解释了研究开展的经过以及研究的相关发现。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段“When trying to memorize new material, it’s easy to assume that the more work you put in, the better you will perform. Yet taking the occasional rest time—to do nothing at all—may be exactly what you need. Just dim (调暗) the lights, sit back, and enjoy 10-15 minutes of quiet thinking, and you’ll find that your memory of the facts you have just learnt is far better than if you had attempted to use that moment more productively.(在尝试记忆新材料时，很容易认为你投入的越多，你的表现就越好。然而，偶尔休息一下——什么都不做——可能正是你所需要的。把灯调暗，坐下来，享受10-15分钟的安静思考，你会发现你对刚学到的知识的记忆比你试图利用这段时间更有效地记忆要好得多)”可知，在记忆新材料的同时提高记忆力的好方法是①偶尔休息一下，什么都不做（是在记忆新材料的同时提高记忆力的好方法）。②调暗灯光，坐下来，享受10-15分钟的安静思考（是在记忆新材料的同时提高记忆力的好方法）。或者把灯调暗，坐下来，享受10-15分钟的安静思考，你会发现你对刚刚学到的知识的记忆要好得多(比你试图更有效地利用这段时间要好得多)。故答案为① Taking the occasional rest time to do nothing at all (is a good way to boost memory while memorizing new material) .②Dimming the lights, sitting back, and enjoying 10-15 minutes of quiet thinking (is a good way to boost memory while memorizing new material) .或者 Just dim the lights, sit back, and enjoy 10-15 minutes of quiet thinking, and you’ll find that your memory of the facts you have just learnt is far better (than if you had attempted to use that moment more productively).
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段“The finding suggested that our memory for new information is especially weak just after it has first been memorised, making it more sensitive to interference from new information.(这一发现表明，我们对新信息的记忆在刚被记住的时候特别弱，这使得它对新信息的干扰更加敏感)”可知，Georg和Alfons的发现表明，我们对新信息的记忆在刚被记住的时候特别弱，这使得它对新信息的干扰更加敏感。故答案为The finding (或者Their finding) suggested that our memory for new information is especially weak just after it has first been memorized, making it more sensitive to inter fence from new information.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段““I can imagine you could include these 10-15-minute breaks within a revision period,” says Aidan Horner at the University of York, “and that might be a useful way of making small improvements to your ability to remember later on.”(约克大学的艾丹·霍纳说：“我可以想象，你可以在复习期间包括这些10-15分钟的休息时间，这可能是一种有用的方法，可以在以后的记忆能力上有所提高。”)”可知，错误的部分为“(while) taking exams”，艾丹·霍纳鼓励学生在复习期间休息10-15分钟。或者约克大学的艾丹·霍纳说：“我可以想象，你可以在复习期间包括这些10-15分钟的休息时间，这可能是一种有用的方法，可以让你以后的记忆能力得到小幅提高。”故答案为To enhance the memory ability, Aidan Horner encourages students to have breaks (while) taking exams. Aidan Horner encourages students to include 10-15-minute breaks within a revision period.或者“I can imagine you could include these 10-15-minute breaks within a revision period,” says Aidan Horner at the University of York, “and that might be a useful way of making small improvements to your ability to remember later on.”
【43题详解】
考查开放题。根据“除了提高记忆力，你还能做些什么来提高学习成绩呢？”可回答“记笔记和定期复习是提高学习成绩的有效方法。我每天都做笔记，我习惯在做作业和每次考试之前复习我学过的东西。我从这种学习方法中获益良多”。故答案为Taking notes and reviewing regularly is a useful way to improve my academic performance. I take notes on all subjects everyday and I'm used to reviewing what I have learnt before doing my homework and every examination. I have benefited a lot from this learning method.
第二节 作文(20分)
44. 假设你是李华。你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国历史很感兴趣，并请你介绍一位你喜欢的中国历史人物。请你给Jim回信，内容包括：
1、该人物是谁；
2、该人物的主要贡献；
3、该人物对你的影响。
注意： 1. 词数不少于100；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Yours
Lihua
【答案】Dear Jim,
It’s great to hear from you. I feel proud knowing your interest in Chinese history.
As for my favorite figure in Chinese history, it must be Wei Yuan, a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty. He, in his book, Haiguo Tuzhi (Maps and Records of the World), introduced modern technologies and ideas to China, which opened our eyes to the world. So he and his works are still worthy of being respected by us now. In fact, he inspires me to major in English in college, to be a bridge between China and the world.
Interested in knowing more I can find you some books! Just let me know.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国朋友Jim写封信，介绍一位你喜欢的中国历史人物，内容包括：1、该人物是谁；2、该人物的主要贡献；3、该人物对你的影响。
【详解】1.词汇积累
激励：inspire→motivate
至于，关于：as for→with regard to
值得做：be worthy of being done→be worth doing
事实上：in fact→as a matter of fact
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：As for my favorite figure in Chinese history, it must be Wei Yuan, a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty.
拓展句：As for my favorite figure in Chinese history, it must be Wei Yuan, who was a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty.
【点睛】[高分句型1] So he and his works are still worthy of being respected by us now. (运用了动名词的被动式作宾语)
[高分句型2] He, in his book, Haiguo Tuzhi (Maps and Records of the World), introduced modern technologies and ideas to China, which opened our eyes to the world. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
