2024北京昌平高三(上)期末
英语
本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必在答题卡区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When Halloween arrives, you know there is bound to be some mischief (恶作剧). So I wasn’t entirely surprised when I opened my front door that night to see my candy bowl completely—and very suddenly—____1____. To be fair, this was after some light rain had ____2____ the street of most trick-or-treaters and the youngest had already made the rounds. I never saw who took it, but I did shout “Happy Halloween!” into the night air.
Was a candy theft ideal Nope. But, hey, we all make ____3____—especially as kids. What did ____4____ me was what appeared in front of my door the next evening: a plastic bag filled with the lost candy. Stuck to it was the following handwritten note:
“Hello, I am the kid that took all of your candy. After thinking it over I want to ____5____. Because it was late and no one else was out, I thought it was OK. It was not. I took the candy before you said it was ____6____. So, I am sorry, and I’d like to give the candy back. Maybe you can give it to a kid who is more ____7____.”
A tiny Halloween miracle! I have never been prouder of a kid who wasn’t mine. I assume a parent had something to do with this sudden reflective ____8____, but I’ll never know for sure.
What I do hope is that this kid knows how good it can feel to ____9____ a wrong. I hope they don’t think they’re bad—simply that they made a not-so-great choice. They do deserve to get their fill and have fun and run wild. _____10_____, next year they’ll come back for more.
1. A. empty B. painted C. broken D. dirty
2. A. wetted B. cleared C. cooled D. blocked
3. A. decisions B. changes C. choices D. mistakes
4. A. delight B. worry C. surprise D. calm
5. A. argue B. respond C. apologize D. complain
6. A. worthy B. fine C. funny D. easy
7. A. deserving B. daring C. promising D. amusing
8. A. turn B. character C. approach D. trip
9. A. forgive B. judge C. avoid D. right
10. A. Normally B. Hopefully C. Undoubtedly D. Amazingly
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. A 9. D 10. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章讲述了在万圣节的一个晚上，作者的糖果碗被偷，然后第二天晚上在他的门前出现了一个装满糖果的塑料袋和一封致歉的手写便条。作者对这个小孩后来对错误的认识和反思感到非常自豪，并希望这个孩子知道改正错误的好处。最后文章表达了对未来的期望，希望这个孩子能够继续成长和享受乐趣。
【1题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以那天晚上，当我打开前门，看到我的糖果碗突然空了，我一点也不惊讶。A. empty空的；B. painted涂漆的；C. broken破碎的；D. dirty脏的。根据“When Halloween arrives”以及后文“I never saw who took it”可知，因为万圣节到来，有人把作者门口的糖果拿走了，所以作者知道自己门口的糖果碗会空。故选A。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：公平地说，在一场小雨之后，大部分的万圣节孩子已经结束了巡回拜访，街道上已经清空了。A. wetted弄湿；B. cleared清理；C. cooled冷却；D. blocked阻塞。根据“some light rain”可知以及“the youngest had already made the rounds.”可知，在下了一场小雨之后，街上的“不给糖就捣蛋”的孩子们都走了。故选B。
【3题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，嘿，我们都会犯错误——尤其是在孩子的时候。A. decisions决定；B. changes变化；C. choices选择；D. mistakes错误。根据“especially as kids.”以及前文“when I opened my front door that night to see my candy bowl completely—and very suddenly— ____1____ .”可知，作者打开门的时候发现自己的糖果碗是空的，同时作者不知道是谁在恶作剧把糖果都偷走了，作者认为这个恶作剧是个错误。故选D。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：真正让我吃惊的是第二天晚上出现在我门前的东西：一个塑料袋，里面装满了丢失的糖果。A. delight高兴；B. worry担心；C. surprise惊讶；D. calm平静。根据“what appeared in front of my door the next evening: a plastic bag filled with the lost candy.”可知，第二天晚上出现在作者门前的东西：一个塑料袋让作者感到非常惊讶。故选C。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过仔细考虑，我想向你道歉。A. argue争论；B. respond回应；C. apologize道歉；D. complain抱怨。根据“Hello, I am the kid that took all of your candy.”可知，这个孩子在未告知作者的情况下拿走了作者门前的糖果，因此其思考再三向作者道歉。故选C。
【6题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在你同意之前我就拿走了糖果。A. worthy值得的；B. fine可以接受的；C. funny搞笑的；D. easy容易的。根据前文“Because it was late and no one else was out, I thought it was OK. It was not.”可知，这个孩子在没有得到作者同意之前拿走了糖果。故选B。
【7题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：也许你可以把它给一个更值得的孩子。A. deserving值得的；B. daring大胆的；C. promising有希望的；D. amusing有趣的。根据“give it to a kid”可知，归还作者糖果的孩子认为作者应该把糖果给一个更值得给的孩子，而不是给自己（一个未经他人允许拿走糖果即犯错的孩子）。故选A。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我猜想这个突然的反思转变可能与父母有关，但我永远不会确定。A. turn转变；B. character角色；C. approach方法；D. trip旅行。根据前文“Because it was late and no one else was out, I thought it was OK. It was not. I took the candy before you said it was ____6____ . So, I am sorry, and I’d like to give the candy back.”可知，拿走作者糖果的男孩主动归还糖果并且还向作者道歉，这种反思性的转变可能与孩子的父母有关。故选A。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我只希望这孩子知道纠正错误的感觉有多好。A. forgive原谅；B. judge判断；C. avoid避免；D. right纠正。根据“a wrong”可知，拿走作者糖果的孩子主动归还了糖果，作者对此感到惊讶，因此作者希望孩子知道自己能够纠正错误的感觉是多么良好的。故选D。
【10题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：希望明年他们还会再来。A. Normally通常地；B. Hopefully希望地；C. Undoubtedly毫无疑问地；D. Amazingly令人惊讶地。根据“next year they’ll come back for more”可知，作者希望这样的孩子们明年能够再来。故选B。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Last month, students at an elementary school, with the help of their art teacher, ____11____ (create) a telephone hotline that people can call to get cheerful advice from kids during difficult times. The hotline was available ____12____ English and Spanish. It offered the happy voices of children of different ages ____13____ (share) positive messages. For example, by pressing 3, you can hear a group of kindergartners saying together: “You can do it! Keep trying, and don’t give up!”
【答案】11. created
12. in 13. sharing
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了在美术老师的帮助下，小学生创建了一个热线电话用于向人们提供振奋人心的建议，从而鼓舞人们度过难关。
【11题详解】
考查时态。句意：上个月，一所小学的学生在美术老师的帮助下创建了一条电话热线，人们可以在困难时期拨打该热线，从孩子们那里获得振奋人心的建议。此处create作谓语动词，主语是students,时间状语是last month，表示“上个月”，所以此句用一般过去时。故填created.
12题详解】
考查介词。句意：热线电话有英文和西班牙文两种版本。in后面加语言，表示用……某种语言。此处表示热线电话用英语和西班牙语都能沟通。故填in.
【13题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：不同年龄段的儿童开心的嗓音分享了积极的信息。此句谓语动词是offered,share作非谓语动词，与名词voices逻辑上构成主动关系。故用现在分词作伴随状语。故填sharing.
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Ecosia is a search engine that plants trees by donating majority of ____14____ (it) profit to environmental organizations. In return, the non-profit organizations used the fund to plant trees in the places ____15____ they are needed the most. With every search you make through Ecosia, you’re helping a global community that ____16____ (focus) on reforestation and forest conservation. With over 7 million Ecosia users, the company has already planted over 50 million trees. As internet users continue to search online on Ecosia, this number ____17____ (expect) to increase over the course of time.
【答案】14. its
15. where 16. focuses
17. is expected
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款名为Ecosia的搜索引擎，该搜索引擎通过将大部分利润捐赠给环境组织来种树。
【14题详解】
考查代词。句意：Ecosia是一个将大部分利润捐赠给环境团体的植树搜索引擎。分析句子，设空处使用it的形容词性物主代词作定语，修饰profit。故填its。
【15题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：作为回报，这些非营利组织利用这笔资金在最需要的地方植树。分析句子，设空处引导的是定语从句，引导词在从句中作地点状语，修饰先行词places。故填where。
【16题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：你在Ecosia上的每一次搜索都是在帮助一个专注于重新造林和森林保护的全球社区。分析句子，设空处使用动词作that引导定语从句的谓语；主句中的are helping表示动作发生在现在，故使用一般现在时。that指代前文的community为单数，故谓语动词使用第三人称单数。故填focuses。
【17题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意：随着互联网用户继续在Ecosia上进行在线搜索，这一数字预计将随着时间的推移而增加。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语。此处this number与expect之间是被动关系，根据前文的continue可知，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时的被动语态，be expected to do为固定短语，意为“被期望做某事”。故填is expected。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
City walk, a unique way to experience urban culture and lifestyle, is ____18____ many youngsters in China enjoy doing when they visit a new city. Traditionally, city walks were led by professional guides, following planned routes through city neighborhoods ____19____ (gain) insights into local history, culture, and architecture. However, recent versions of city walks in China have taken on a more casual approach. They involve wandering ____20____ (aimless) around the city, visiting scenic spots, and capturing (捕捉) moments. In fact, it’s simply “walking in the city.”
【答案】18. what
19. to gain
20. aimlessly
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了城市行走作为一种独特的体验城市文化和生活方式的方式，受到许多中国年轻人的喜爱。
【18题详解】
考查表语从句。句意：城市漫步是一种体验城市文化和生活方式的独特方式，是许多中国年轻人到一个新城市时喜欢做的事情。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中缺少宾语，用what引导。故填what。
【19题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：传统上，城市漫步由专业导游带领，沿着规划好的路线穿过城市街区，深入了解当地的历史、文化和建筑。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词were led，所以gain用非谓语形式，根据句意，此处表目的，应用不定式作目的状语。故填to gain。
20题详解】
考查副词。句意：它们包括在城市里漫无目的地闲逛，参观景点，捕捉瞬间。空处修饰空前的动词，用副词修饰。故填aimlessly。
第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The Common Young Writers Program (TCYWP) welcomes high school students passionate about creative writing to join our virtual classes for two inspiring weeks dedicated to fiction writing. Students will learn and experiment with the key building blocks of fiction and be guided through the process of writing and revising their own short stories. At the end of the program, students will emerge more confident in their skills and more connected to a supportive writing community.
Taught by the editors and editorial assistants of Amherst College’s literary magazine, the summer course run Monday-Friday and are open to all high school students.
Fiction Class
Our fiction class guides students through the process of writing a short story. No previous writing experience is necessary. Through daily writing assignments and class meetings, students will learn about the key building blocks of fiction and will each complete their own short story by the end of the course. In addition to submitting daily assignments, students will meet as a group with our instructors online. Students will also meet individually with an instructor to discuss their own short stories, and will not only receive written feedback on their first drafts and final stories, but on all daily assignments.
Students should expect to spend around 3-4 hours each day on their assignments, including meeting times. Class size will be small, and we’ll break into small groups for discussions during each session.
Cost & Scholarships
The cost of the TCYWP two-week program is $725. We hope that no student will let financial difficulty prevent them from applying. Tuition waivers (学费减免) will be awarded to students with strong applications who cannot attend the program without financial assistance. In the application, students will have the opportunity to briefly describe their financial circumstances and state the amount they could afford to pay, if any, if accepted into the program. No documentation is required. Contact us at info@, if there is any question.
21. Participants of the Common Young Writers Program will ______.
A. attend a virtual learning course
B. meet great writers from colleges
C. become passionate about writing
D. gain confidence in writing reports
22. In the Fiction Class, students need to ______.
A. complete a writing assignment every day
B. discuss their own story in a group meeting
C. prove they have previous writing experience
D. spend more than 4 hours on their assignments
23. Which is a requirement for the tuition waiver
A. Recommendation from the TCYWP office.
B. Certificate of the academic achievement.
C. Documents to prove the need of financial help.
D. Application to explain the financial difficulties.
【答案】21. A 22. A 23. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。介绍了共同青年作家计划的相关内容。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The Common Young Writers Program (TCYWP) welcomes high school students passionate about creative writing to join our virtual classes for two inspiring weeks dedicated to fiction writing.(共同青年作家计划(TCYWP)欢迎对创意写作充满热情的高中生加入我们的虚拟课程，花两周时间专门从事小说写作)”可知，共同青年作家计划的参与者将参加一个虚拟学习课程。故选A项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Through daily writing assignments and class meetings, students will learn about the key building blocks of fiction and will each complete their own short story by the end of the course.(通过每天的写作作业和课堂会议，学生将学习小说的关键组成部分，并在课程结束时完成自己的短篇小说)”可知，在小说课上，学生需要每天完成一份写作任务。故选A项。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Tuition waivers (学费减免) will be awarded to students with strong applications who cannot attend the program without financial assistance. In the application, students will have the opportunity to briefly describe their financial circumstances and state the amount they could afford to pay, if any, if accepted into the program.(对于申请资格较好的学生，如果没有经济援助而不能参加该项目，则可以获得学费减免。在申请中，学生将有机会简要描述他们的经济状况，并说明如果被录取，他们可以支付的费用)”可知，减免学费的条件是需要学生申请解释财务困难。故选D项。
B
My birth was a little more dramatic than the standard way a baby enters the world. Within minutes of coming out, I was brought into another room while doctors gave my parents the difficult news: I was born missing my left hand. I’m sure it was quite difficult for them.
My parents took good care of me. I played sports, acted in theater, stood out in school, participated in student government and had playdates with friends. While I did get some stares and “polite” questions about my disability, I am lucky because I wasn’t made fun of for my limb (肢体) difference.
As kids do, I quickly learned to adapt, working around the “missing” hand. One of my earliest memories is my father trying to teach me to tie my shoes. I gently pushed him out of the way because his two-handed method wouldn’t work for me, and I figured out a way to do it with one hand.
However, that fact that I was different hit me hard my first day of high school. I was 13, an age when kids are already very self-conscious and the demand to fit in increases. I remember getting on the yellow school bus and one of the other kids stared just a little too long at my left arm. The staring discouraged me in a way it never had before, and I felt a sudden urge to hide my hand, so I impulsively (冲动地) slipped it into my pocket. I told myself that I’d just hide it that one day, while I was trying to make friends. But one day of hiding turned into a week, which turned into a month, which became years—25 of them to be exact.
Tired of hiding and so lonely, the transformation process came to me. I started with physical care. And when I was 38 years old, I met someone special and invited them in. For the first time in my life, I allowed someone to really hold my limb, look at it, take pictures of it, touch it, love it—love me. From that point on, I saw my limb difference as something unique and beautiful about me, something that should be shown, not hidden.
Hiding things, especially from loved ones, is exhausting and hurting, and it prevents us from getting help and support. Unhiding can set you free.
24. When the author was a kid, she felt her limb difference was .
A. meaningful B. inconvenient C. special D. acceptable
25. Why did the author decide to hide her hand
A. She was laughed at on the bus.
B. She felt afraid of scaring others.
C. She became sensitive at that age.
D. She got discouraged by her father.
26. The author started her transformation in her 30s because ______.
A. her hand was touched and loved
B. she received a useful physical care
C. someone special came into her life
D. she had a desire to make a change
27. What can we learn from this passage
A. Family love is important for our growth.
B. Stopping hiding opens up a new world.
C. Time is the best cure for a broken heart.
D. Inner beauty matters more than appearance.
【答案】24. D 25. C 26. D 27. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。本文是记叙文。作者出生时就缺少左胳膊，在父母的照顾下，作者学会用单手做很多事情，但是有一次，公交车上的一个孩子一直盯着作者看，这让作者感到自卑，多年来一直将自己的手藏起来。后来作者加入幸运鳍计划，遇到了一个特别的人，作者意识到自己没必要在躲藏，于是开始学会欣赏这个世界，学会爱自己。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“My parents took good care of me. I played sports, acted in theater, stood out in school, participated in student government and had playdates with friends. While I did get some stares and “polite” questions about my disability, I am lucky because I wasn’t made fun of for my limb (肢体) difference.(我的父母把我照顾得很好。我参加体育运动，在剧院表演，在学校表现突出，参加学生会，和朋友一起玩。虽然我确实得到了一些关于我的残疾的目光和“礼貌”的问题，但我很幸运，因为我没有因为我的肢体差异而被取笑)”以及第三段“As kids do, I quickly learned to adapt, working around the “missing” hand. One of my earliest memories is my father trying to teach me to tie my shoes. I gently pushed him out of the way because his two-handed method wouldn’t work for me, and I figured out a way to do it with one hand.(和孩子们一样，我很快就学会了适应，在“失去”的那只手周围工作。我最早的记忆之一是我父亲试图教我系鞋带。我轻轻地把他推开，因为他的双手方法不适合我，我想出了一个用一只手来做的方法)”可知，作者小时候并没有因为肢体差异而被取笑，并且很快就学会了适应，所以她觉得自己的肢体差异是可接受的。故选D项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“I was 13, an age when kids are already very self-conscious and the demand to fit in increases. I remember getting on the yellow school bus and one of the other kids stared just a little too long at my left arm. The staring discouraged me in a way it never had before, and I felt a sudden urge to hide my hand, so I impulsively (冲动地) slipped it into my pocket. I told myself that I’d just hide it that one day, while I was trying to make friends.(我13岁，这个年纪的孩子已经很有自我意识了，想要融入社会的需求也在增加。我记得我上了黄色的校车，其中一个孩子盯着我的左臂看了太久。这种凝视使我感到前所未有的气馁，我突然有一种想把手藏起来的冲动，于是我冲动地把手塞进了口袋。我告诉自己，总有一天，当我试着交朋友的时候，我会把它藏起来)”可知，作者因为她在那个年龄变得敏感起来，不想让别人注意到自己的肢体差异，所以决定把她的手藏起来。故选C项。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Tired of hiding and so lonely, the transformation process came to me. I started with physical care. And when I was 38 years old, I met someone special and invited them in. For the first time in my life, I allowed someone to really hold my limb, look at it, take pictures of it, touch it, love it—love me. From that point on, I saw my limb difference as something unique and beautiful about me, something that should be shown, not hidden.(厌倦了躲藏又如此孤独，转型的过程来到了我的面前。我从身体护理开始。当我38岁的时候，我遇到了一些特别的人，并邀请他们进来。有生以来第一次，我允许别人真正握住我的胳膊，看着它，给它拍照，抚摸它，爱它——爱我。从那时起，我把我的肢体差异看作是我独特而美丽的东西，应该展示出来，而不是隐藏起来)”可知，作者厌倦了隐藏，所以作者从30多岁开始转变，是因为她渴望做出改变。故选D项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Hiding things, especially from loved ones, is exhausting and hurting, and it prevents us from getting help and support. Unhiding can set you free.(隐瞒事情，尤其是对所爱的人隐瞒，会让人筋疲力尽，也会让人受伤，还会让我们得不到帮助和支持。解除隐藏可以让你自由)”可知，本文让人明白停止躲藏开启了一个新世界。故选B项。
C
Drought is an increasing problem in our warming world. All continents have been experiencing more extended periods without rain, leading to forest fires and poor crop growth. Consequently, people are looking at cloud seeding to solve the problem — a method of encouraging precipitation (降水) by sending small particles of certain chemicals into clouds.
Cloud-seeding expert Arlen Huggins has been studying its effectiveness. “My earliest experience was to use cloud seeding to reduce the amount of hail (冰雹) in northeast Colorado. We didn’t have any luck with that but we had success later on in increasing snowfall in Utah. Now, the focus is shifting towards increasing rainfall from summer clouds, which is far more unpredictable.” said he.
The problem is that it’s pretty hard to know whether precipitation resulted directly from cloud seeding. It might have rained or snowed anyway. Even if you cloud seed in one place and don’t in another, it’s impossible to know for sure what caused the precipitation. Also, it’s not during foggy and snowy conditions that people think of increasing the chance of rainfall. When a country is hit by drought, then cloud seeding isn’t an option due to the lack of clouds. During drought, skies tend to be clear with few clouds. The best option to prevent drought is to seed at times of the year when rainfall levels are normal or higher. That way, slightly more rain can be stored the dry season.
As cloud seeding is expensive and its effectiveness tenuous, its usefulness is still a matter of opinion. University of Colorado researcher Katja Friedrich says cloud seeding can’t end a drought. However, it can be beneficial, provided it occurs alongside other water conservation strategies. Still, for that to happen, the water would need to be captured and stored effectively.
There are also environmental issues regarding the impact of cloud seeding. At high levels, the chemicals sent into the clouds can harm humans and other animals, and some studies have found them slightly poisonous. Apart from that, some environmentalists are concerned about the long-term impacts, as there isn’t data on how much those chemicals accumulate (累积) in the environment over 10 years.
Another fear is that cloud seeding could potentially steal water from neighbouring areas by encouraging the water in clouds that would otherwise fall somewhere else to fall in your location. If one country uses cloud seeding to create rain, a neighbouring country will also be very likely to lose out because clouds are constantly forming and reforming.
28. In Huggins’ study, at first cloud seeding was used to .
A. increase annual snowfall in Utah
B. send chemicals into summer clouds
C. lower the amount of hail in Colorado
D. put out forest fires and help crops grow
29. What does the underlined word tenuous in the fourth paragraph probably mean
A. Negative. B. Weak. C. Surprising. D. Various.
30. What’s the best title of the passage
A. Should we seed clouds to make rain
B. Should we seed clouds at a lower price
C. Can cloud seeding help end a drought
D. Can cloud seeding be more eco-friendly
【答案】28. C 29. B 30. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讨论了干旱成为全球变暖环境下的一个严重问题，而“人工降雨”被认为是解决干旱问题的一种方法。然而，人工降雨的效果难以确定，并且存在环境问题和水资源分配问题。因此，虽然云雾处理可能会在一些条件下对缓解干旱有一定益处，但其实用性和可行性仍有待讨论。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“My earliest experience was to use cloud seeding to reduce the amount of hail (冰雹) in northeast Colorado. We didn’t have any luck with that, but we had success later on in increasing snowfall in Utah. (我最早的经验是在科罗拉多东北部使用人工降雨来减少冰雹的数量。我们没有任何运气，但后来我们成功地在犹他州增加了降雪量。)”可知，Huggins的研究中，人工降雨最初是被用来减少科罗拉多冰雹的数量。故选C。
【29题详解】
词句猜测题。根据前文“As cloud seeding is expensive (因为人工降雨是昂贵的)”以及划线词后面的内容“its usefulness is still a matter of opinion. (它的用处仍然是一个意见问题。)”可知，此处强调人工降雨是昂贵的即人工降雨的缺点，划线词应该表述人工降雨效果不佳的特征，才能与前文构成并列，由此引发人们对其用处的争议。B选项“Weak(微弱的，无影响力的)”与划线词为同义词。故选B。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。结合倒数第二段“There are also environmental issues regarding the impact of cloud seeding. At high levels, the chemicals sent into the clouds can harm humans and other animals, and some studies have found them slightly poisonous. Apart from that, some environmentalists are concerned about the long-term impacts, as there isn’t data on how much those chemicals accumulate (累积) in the environment over 10 years.(此外，人工降雨还会对环境造成影响。高浓度的化学物质会对人类和其他动物造成伤害，一些研究发现它们有轻微的毒性。除此之外，一些环保主义者担心长期影响，因为没有数据表明这些化学物质在10年内在环境中积累了多少。)”和最后一段“Another fear is that cloud seeding could potentially steal water from neighbouring areas by encouraging the water in clouds that would otherwise fall somewhere else to fall in your location. If one country uses cloud seeding to create rain, a neighbouring country will also be very likely to lose out because clouds are constantly forming and reforming.(另一个担忧是，人工降雨可能会促使原本会落在其他地方的云中的水落到你所在的位置，从而潜在地从邻近地区窃取水分。如果一个国家使用人工降雨，其邻国也很可能会损失，因为云在不断形成和变化。)”，再通读全文，本文主要讨论了干旱成为全球变暖环境下的一个严重问题，而“人工降雨”被认为是解决干旱问题的一种方法。然而，人工降雨的效果难以确定，并且存在环境问题和水资源分配问题。因此，虽然云雾处理可能会在一些条件下对缓解干旱有一定益处，但其实用性和可行性仍有待讨论。A选项“Should we seed clouds to make rain ( 我们应该使用人工降雨吗？)”概括文章主要内容，符合标题。故选A。
D
What does it mean to be intelligent If it’s defined by having the biggest brain, then sperm whales—whose brain is 20 pounds—would be the brightest creatures on Earth. But, more likely, intelligence is what gives an organism the best chance to survive in an environment. Language may be one of the best ways to demonstrate that kind of smarts. Though all animals can communicate with others, humans are one of the few species to have a spoken language. Using speech, we could share complex ideas, pass knowledge through generations, and create communities. Whether spoken language actually helped us evolve (进化) as species into more advanced beings, however, has never really been tested.
“Language allowing humans to be a more advanced species is an assumption that somebody came up with one day without really trying to prove it,” says Erich Jarvis, a professor who studies the neurobiology of vocal learning.
But Jarvis and his colleagues were able to examine this assumption with the help of songbirds. Jarvis’ new study provides some of the first evidence that vocal learning—one of the crucial components for a spoken language—is associated with problem-solving. Vocal learning is the ability to produce new sounds by imitating (模仿) others, relying on experience rather than instinct.
To get a better grasp of vocal learning and cognition (认知), the study authors turned to songbirds. The team performed seven cognitive experiments on 214 songbirds from 23 different species. Of these, 21 species were caught from the wild. Two songbirds studied are domesticated. The behavioral tests examined the birds’ problem solving, for instance by figuring out how to remove an object to access the food reward. The researchers also tested two other skills often associated with intelligence: learning by association, plus what’s called reversal (倒转的) learning, in which an animal adjusts its behavior to get a reward. They then looked at whether being vocal learners helped develop the three skills, comparing 21 bird species to two others, which were vocal non-learners.
The biologists noticed a strong relationship between vocal learning and problem-solving skills. Vocal learning bird species could come up with innovative ideas, such as getting seeds, or a worm trapped under a cup by removing the obstacle or pulling it apart. All three abilities—problem solving, associative learning, and reversal learning—are typically considered “components of intelligence,” he says.
Brain size was another benefit to vocal learning that may have supported these problem-solving abilities. The 21 vocal-learning species had slightly larger brains, relative to their body size, than the two who weren’t. Jarvis says it’s possible these big-headed birds packed more neurons.
One question left unanswered is why there’s such a strong relationship between problem-solving abilities and vocal learning. The brain areas in charge of vocal learning are not the same ones that get activated when we need to troubleshoot an issue, says Jarvis.
31. The purpose of the first paragraph is to ______.
A. promote a new theory B. offer an example
C. present an assumption D. make a contrast
32. Why does Jarvis carry out the study
A. To examine the problem-solving ability of songbirds.
B. To prove the significance of vocal learning to humans.
C. To illustrate the influence of brain size on vocal learning.
D. To test the relation between vocal learning and intelligence.
33. What do we know from the study on songbirds
A. Advanced species have better problem-solving ability.
B. Vocal learners have a better development of intelligence.
C. Better problem-solving ability leads to bigger brain size.
D. Humans and songbirds are both good at vocal learning.
34. We can infer that future study will focus on ________.
A. why humans’ problem-solving abilities develop better
B. how other abilities are connected to songbirds’ intelligence
C. how problem-solving and vocal learning brain areas are related
D. why vocal learning differences exist in various songbirds species
【答案】31. C 32. D 33. B 34. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了声乐学习对于智力发展有积极的促进作用。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句“What does it mean to be intelligent (聪明意味着什么？)”以及文章第一段第三句“Language may be one of the best ways to demonstrate that kind of smarts.(语言可能是展示这种智慧的最佳方式之一。)”还有文章第一段最后一句“Whether spoken language actually helped us evolve (进化) as species into more advanced beings, however, has never really been tested.(语言是否真的帮助我们进化，然而，作为一个物种，进化成更先进的生物，从未真正经过测试。)”可知，作者提出了一个问题“聪明是什么”？之后作者认为语言最能说明聪明与否。所以作者提出了一个假设，语言是否真的帮助我们进化，是否是证明聪明的最佳方式之一，但这个假设还有待验证。故选C项。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句“Jarvis’ new study provides some of the first evidence that vocal learning—one of the crucial components for a spoken language—is associated with problem-solving.(贾维斯的新研究提供了一些初步证据，证明声乐学习——口语的关键组成部分之一——与解决问题有关。)”可知，贾维斯执行这项研究是因为他想验证声乐学习是否和智慧相关。故选D项。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。文章第五段“The biologists noticed a strong relationship between vocal learning and problem-solving skills. Vocal learning bird species could come up with innovative ideas, such as getting seeds, or a worm trapped under a cup by removing the obstacle or pulling it apart. All three abilities—problem solving, associative learning, and reversal learning—are typically considered “components of intelligence,” he says.(生物学家们注意到声乐学习和解决问题的能力之间有着密切的关系。声乐学习鸟类可以想出创新的想法，比如通过移除障碍物或将其拉开来获得种子，或者将蠕虫困在杯子下。他说，这三种能力——解决问题、联想学习和反向学习——通常被认为是“智力的组成部分”。 )”可知，声乐学习的鸟类相比于没有音乐学系的鸟类智力上有更好的发展。故选B项。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。文章最后一段第一句“One question left unanswered is why there’s such a strong relationship between problem-solving abilities and vocal learning. (一个未回答的问题是，为什么解决问题的能力和声乐学习之间有如此紧密的关系。)”可推断，未来的研究将集中在 解决问题和声乐学习脑区是如何关联的。故选C项。
第二节(共5小题;每小2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文题后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Get Comfortable Giving Honest Feedback
Should you cautiously tell a coworker she’s been mispronouncing a client’s name Or would you tell someone about the piece of vegetable left in his teeth ____35____ Recent research finds that a common cognitive error may help explain why—and that a simple approach could help overcome it.
In five experiments, study participants took part in real-time interactions in which they gave or received feedback. Those who gave feedback estimated how much the other person wanted to hear a well-intentioned criticism; receivers reported their actual desire for constructive critiques.
____36____ The miscalculation was particularly obvious when the feedback was considered rather essential for the result, as well as when those offering the information predicted that doing so would be socially uncomfortable, either for themselves or for the receiver.
The underestimation is likely due to a human tendency to ascribe (归因) different motives and desires to others than we do to ourselves, says Harvard doctoral student Nicole Abi-Esber, who authored the study. People tend to want feedback for themselves, but they underestimate how much others want it, too. ____37____
Skipping offering constructive criticism could have consequences. In one study, the subjects were asked to engage in a public-speaking contest. The feedback-givers, again, underestimated the speakers’ desire for constructive criticism. ____38____ Yet it was the speakers who heard more critical feedback that showed the most improvement.
Is it possible to overcome this and get better at giving feedback when it’s most needed ____39____“Take a second and imagine you are the other person,” Abi-Esber suggests. If you’d want feedback, it’s likely the other person feels the same—and might even be grateful that you took the time to speak up.
A. They chose to give them praises instead.
B. A quick role-exchanging exercise could move the needle.
C. It can also help identify potential problems before they occur.
D The reason is that they’re not putting themselves in the other person’s shoes.
E. How you ask for feedback may stop you from hearing what you need to hear.
F. Many people hesitate to offer such honest criticism even when the benefits seem obvious.
G. Feedback-givers always underestimated how much others wanted to hear helpful criticism.
【答案】35. F 36. G 37. D 38. A 39. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了如何在工作场合中更加舒适地给出诚实反馈。
【35题详解】
根据前文的“Should you cautiously tell a coworker she’s been mispronouncing a client’s name Or would you tell someone about the piece of vegetable left in his teeth (你是否应该谨慎地告诉同事她念错了客户的名字？或者你会告诉别人他牙齿里的那块蔬菜吗？)”和后文的“Recent research finds that a common cognitive error may help explain why—and that a simple approach could help overcome it.(最近的研究发现，一种常见的认知错误可能有助于解释其中的原因，而且有一种简单的方法可以帮助克服它。)”推知，人们在指出别人错误或有不当之处时犹豫不决。F项(很多人在提出这样诚实的批评时犹豫不决，即使这样做的好处似乎很明显。)承接上文，“honest criticism”指的便是前文的两个做法，后文指出了人们提出诚实的批评的原因在于认知的错误，但有办法可以改变它，故选F项。
【36题详解】
根据后文的“The miscalculation was particularly obvious when the feedback was considered rather essential for the result, as well as when those offering the information predicted that doing so would be socially uncomfortable, either for themselves or for the receiver.(当反馈被认为对结果至关重要时，以及当提供信息的人预测这样做会让他们自己或接受者感到社交上的不舒服时，这种误判尤其明显。)”可知，G项(给予反馈的人总是低估了别人有多想听到有益的批评。)说明了给予反馈的人的这种低估是一种误判，尤其是考虑到反馈的重要性或者让彼此不舒适时，故选G项。
【37题详解】
空处位于段末，应承接上文。根据前文的“The underestimation is likely due to a human tendency to ascribe different motives and desires to others than we do to ourselves, says Harvard doctoral student Nicole Abi-Esber, who authored the study. People tend to want feedback for themselves, but they underestimate how much others want it, too.(这项研究的作者、哈佛大学博士生 Nicole Abi-Esber说，这种低估很可能是由于人类倾向于将不同的动机和欲望归因于他人，而不是我们自己。人们往往希望自己得到反馈，但他们低估了别人对反馈的渴望程度。)”可知，人们没有给出诚实的反馈是因为没有站在别人的角度看待问题。D项(原因是他们没有设身处地地为别人着想。)承接上文，指出了低估别人对反馈的渴望程度的原因所在，即没有站在他人的角度考虑问题，故选D项。
【38题详解】
根据前文的“Skipping offering constructive criticism could have consequences. In one study, the subjects were asked to engage in a public-speaking contest. The feedback-givers, again, underestimated the speakers’ desire for constructive criticism.(不提供建设性的批评可能会产生不良后果。在一项研究中，研究对象被要求参加一场公开演讲比赛。反馈者再次低估了演讲者对建设性批评的渴望。)”和后文的“Yet it was the speakers who heard more critical feedback that showed the most improvement.(然而，听到更多批评反馈的演讲者表现出最大的进步。)”推知，空处应与下文呈转折关系，指出反馈者赞扬演讲者，而非提出建设性批评。A项(他们选择表扬他们。)说明了反馈者表扬的做法是低估了演讲者对建设性批评的渴望，使得这些演讲者没能得到有效的指导，从而没能取得更大的进步，因此产生了后文的结果“听到更多批评反馈的演讲者表现出最大的进步”，故选A项。
【39题详解】
根据前文的“Is it possible to overcome this and get better at giving feedback when it’s most needed (是否有可能克服这一点，并在最需要的时候更好地提供反馈 )”和后文的““Take a second and imagine you are the other person,” Abi-Esber suggests. If you’d want feedback, it’s likely the other person feels the same—and might even be grateful that you took the time to speak up.(Abi-Esber 建议，“花点时间，把你想象成另一个人”。如果你想要得到反馈，对方很可能也有同样的感觉，甚至可能会感激你花时间说出来。)”可知，如果把自己想象成另一个人会有助于提出诚实的反馈。B项(一个快速的角色互换练习可以改变现状。)承接上文，提出了给予诚实有效的批评的具体建议，下文具体解释了角色互换练习的心理基础，故选B项。
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
When advising children and adolescents who are learning to regulate their emotions, experts explain that how they think affects how they feel. After children learn to use some basic techniques to regulate their emotions, a greater sense of internal control arises. Thereafter, people start to notice the power they can feel in their minds by changing their thought patterns.
“I believe that changing our thinking patterns helps engage different parts of the brain,” said Ran D. Anbar, the author of Changing Children’s Lives with Hypnosis: A Journey to the Center, “For instance, we may find ourselves habitually thinking in a particular way that predictably makes us feel poorly, for example angry, anxious, or sad. People can become angry when they feel that they have been treated poorly or have not gotten their way. The anger occurs because the person focuses on the perceived (察觉到的) injustice. When we shift our thinking, we can more easily create new, healthier thought patterns.”
For instance, 14-year-old “Sarah” became angry with her parents for restricting her use of social media. While discussing why her parents did so, Sarah recognized that they were attempting to protect her from some of the ill effects of overusing social media. Sarah let go of her anger. She switched from thinking about her frustration with her parents’ restrictions and instead focused her thoughts on how to solve the dilemma (困境) regarding her overuse of social media. She was able to recognize that her parents were her valuable friends rather than her opponents.
Frequently, people explain to themselves and others that their poor mood is related to unfortunate circumstances. While holding such a belief, people sometimes take comfort in the idea that since they cannot change their circumstances, there should be no expectation that they take charge of improving their feelings.
However, as demonstrated in this post, our emotional response to unfortunate circumstances can be brought under our control and improved through a change in our thinking patterns. Sometimes, that change can even help us figure out new ways to act that also will improve our situation.
40. What happens after children regulate their emotion
_________________________________________________________________________________
41. Why does the author mention the example of Sarah in the 3rd paragraph
_________________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
People always believe their poor mood is due to unfortunate circumstances, so they will try to change their situation in order to have a good mood.
43. Besides changing thinking patterns, do you have other way(s) to control your emotions (In about 40 words)
_________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. A greater sense of internal control arises.
41. To show when we shift our thinking, we can more easily create new, healthier thought patterns.
The author mentions the example of Sara to show when we shift our thinking we can more easily create new, healthier thought patterns.
42. People always believe their poor mood is due to unfortunate circumstances, so they will try to change their situation in order to have a good mood.
According to the passage, people sometimes take comfort in the idea that since they cannot change their circumstances, there should be no expectation that they take charge of improving their feelings.
43. Engaging in exercising is another good way to control my emotion. It can release natural good chemicals in brain, which can help me relieve tension and reduce feelings of sadness. Additionally, Exercising serve as a distraction from negative thoughts and emotions, allowing me to temporarily escape and find relief.(请根据学生答题情况酌情给分)
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是改变思维模式可以帮助我们更好地应对困境，并改善情绪和处境。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段的“After children learn to use some basic techniques to regulate their emotions, a greater sense of internal control arises. (在孩子们学会使用一些基本的技巧来调节他们的情绪之后，一种更大的内在控制感就会产生。)”可知，孩子们调节情绪后一种更大的内在控制感就会产生，故填A greater sense of internal control arises.
【41题详解】
考查推理判断。根据第三段的“For instance, 14-year-old “Sarah” became angry with her parents for restricting her use of social media. While discussing why her parents did so, Sarah recognized that they were attempting to protect her from some of the ill effects of overusing social media. Sarah let go of her anger. She switched from thinking about her frustration with her parents’ restrictions and instead focused her thoughts on how to solve the dilemma regarding her overuse of social media. She was able to recognize that her parents were her valuable friends rather than her opponents.(例如，14岁的“莎拉”对父母限制她使用社交媒体感到愤怒。在讨论父母这样做的原因时，萨拉意识到他们是在试图保护她免受过度使用社交媒体的一些不良影响。萨拉不生气了。她不再去想父母的限制给她带来的挫败感，而是把注意力集中在如何解决自己过度使用社交媒体的困境上。她能够认识到她的父母是她宝贵的朋友，而不是她的对手。)”可知，莎拉通过改变自己思考问题的方式和角度使自己消除了消极情绪，因此作者在第三段中提到了Sarah的例子是为了表明当我们改变思维时，我们可以更容易地创造新的、更健康的思维模式。故填To show when we shift our thinking, we can more easily create new, healthier thought patterns.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第四段的“Frequently, people explain to themselves and others that their poor mood is related to unfortunate circumstances. While holding such a belief, people sometimes take comfort in the idea that since they cannot change their circumstances, there should be no expectation that they take charge of improving their feelings.(人们经常向自己和他人解释，他们的坏心情与不幸的环境有关。在持有这种信念的同时，人们有时会从这样的想法中得到安慰：既然他们无法改变自己的环境，就不应该期望他们负责改善自己的感受。)”可知，人们有时会认为既然他们无法改变自己的环境，这样想的话就会得到安慰，因此就不应该期望他们负责改善自己的感受，则所给句子中的“so they will try to change their situation in order to have a good mood (所以他们会试图改变他们的情况，以便有一个好心情)”这个描述是错误的，故填People always believe their poor mood is due to unfortunate circumstances, so they will try to change their situation in order to have a good mood. According to the passage, people sometimes take comfort in the idea that since they cannot change their circumstances, there should be no expectation that they take charge of improving their feelings.
【43题详解】
开放试题，言之有理即可。通读全文可知，文章讲述的是情绪调节和思维模式的关系。它强调了人们的思维如何影响情绪，并提出通过改变思维模式可以更好地控制情绪，并找到解决问题的新途径。文章通过一个案例展示了这一点，告诉读者改变思维模式可以帮助我们更好地应对困境，并改善情绪和处境。此外，也可以通过运动的方式来调节情绪，锻炼是控制情绪的另一个好方法。它可以在大脑中释放出天然的好化学物质，帮助我缓解紧张情绪，减少悲伤情绪。此外，锻炼可以分散我对负面想法和情绪的注意力，让我暂时逃离并找到解脱，故填Engaging in exercising is another good way to control my emotion. It can release natural good chemicals in brain, which can help me relieve tension and reduce feelings of sadness. Additionally, Exercising serve as a distraction from negative thoughts and emotions, allowing me to temporarily escape and find relief.
第二节(20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，近期你的英国笔友Jim得知你的学校上周举办了“长城之约 ”(A date with the Great Wall)主题文化宣传活动，来信询问你活动的详情，请给他写一封邮件介绍相关情况。
内容包括：
1. 活动目的；
2. 活动内容。
注意: 1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
How’s everything I’m delighted to share with you the details of the cultural event, “A date with The Great Wall”, organized by my school.
It aims to educate students about the historical significance and architectural charm of the Great Wall, which provides participants with a deeper insight. The event featured a variety of activities. There were informative exhibitions displaying the history and unique features of the Great Wall, along with artworks painted by students. Additionally, we had hands-on activities to make a model of the Great Wall, allowing participants to feel the wisdom and hard work of ancient Chinese people in person.
Please let me know if you have any other questions. I’m looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生向英国笔友Jim介绍“长城之约”文化主题活动，包括活动目的和活动内容。
【详解】1.词汇积累
开心的：delighted→glad
重要性：significance→importance
各种各样的：a variety of→all kinds of
此外，而且：additionally→besides
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I’m delighted to share with you the details of the cultural event, “A date with The Great Wall”, organized by my school.
拓展句：I’m delighted to share with you the details of the cultural event, “A date with The Great Wall”, which was organized by my school.
【点睛】【高分句型1】 It aims to educate students about the historical significance and architectural charm of the Great Wall, which provides participants with a deeper insight.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】Additionally, we had hands-on activities to make a model of the Great Wall, allowing participants to feel the wisdom and hard work of ancient Chinese people in person.(运用了现在分词做伴随状语)2024北京昌平高三(上)期末
英语
本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必在答题卡区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When Halloween arrives, you know there is bound to be some mischief (恶作剧). So I wasn’t entirely surprised when I opened my front door that night to see my candy bowl completely—and very suddenly—____1____. To be fair, this was after some light rain had ____2____ the street of most trick-or-treaters and the youngest had already made the rounds. I never saw who took it, but I did shout “Happy Halloween!” into the night air.
Was a candy theft ideal Nope. But, hey, we all make ____3____—especially as kids. What did ____4____ me was what appeared in front of my door the next evening: a plastic bag filled with the lost candy. Stuck to it was the following handwritten note:
“Hello, I am the kid that took all of your candy. After thinking it over I want to ____5____. Because it was late and no one else was out, I thought it was OK. It was not. I took the candy before you said it was ____6____. So, I am sorry, and I’d like to give the candy back. Maybe you can give it to a kid who is more ____7____.”
A tiny Halloween miracle! I have never been prouder of a kid who wasn’t mine. I assume a parent had something to do with this sudden reflective ____8____, but I’ll never know for sure.
What I do hope is that this kid knows how good it can feel to ____9____ a wrong. I hope they don’t think they’re bad—simply that they made a not-so-great choice. They do deserve to get their fill and have fun and run wild. _____10_____, next year they’ll come back for more.
1. A. empty B. painted C. broken D. dirty
2. A. wetted B. cleared C. cooled D. blocked
3. A. decisions B. changes C. choices D. mistakes
4. A. delight B. worry C. surprise D. calm
5. A. argue B. respond C. apologize D. complain
6 A. worthy B. fine C. funny D. easy
7. A. deserving B. daring C. promising D. amusing
8. A. turn B. character C. approach D. trip
9. A. forgive B. judge C. avoid D. right
10. A. Normally B. Hopefully C. Undoubtedly D. Amazingly
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Last month, students at an elementary school, with the help of their art teacher, ____11____ (create) a telephone hotline that people can call to get cheerful advice from kids during difficult times. The hotline was available ____12____ English and Spanish. It offered the happy voices of children of different ages ____13____ (share) positive messages. For example, by pressing 3, you can hear a group of kindergartners saying together: “You can do it! Keep trying, and don’t give up!”
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Ecosia is a search engine that plants trees by donating majority of ____14____ (it) profit to environmental organizations. In return, the non-profit organizations used the fund to plant trees in the places ____15____ they are needed the most. With every search you make through Ecosia, you’re helping a global community that ____16____ (focus) on reforestation and forest conservation. With over 7 million Ecosia users, the company has already planted over 50 million trees. As internet users continue to search online on Ecosia, this number ____17____ (expect) to increase over the course of time.
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
City walk, a unique way to experience urban culture and lifestyle, is ____18____ many youngsters in China enjoy doing when they visit a new city. Traditionally, city walks were led by professional guides, following planned routes through city neighborhoods ____19____ (gain) insights into local history, culture, and architecture. However, recent versions of city walks in China have taken on a more casual approach. They involve wandering ____20____ (aimless) around the city, visiting scenic spots, and capturing (捕捉) moments. In fact, it’s simply “walking in the city.”
第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The Common Young Writers Program (TCYWP) welcomes high school students passionate about creative writing to join our virtual classes for two inspiring weeks dedicated to fiction writing. Students will learn and experiment with the key building blocks of fiction and be guided through the process of writing and revising their own short stories. At the end of the program, students will emerge more confident in their skills and more connected to a supportive writing community.
Taught by the editors and editorial assistants of Amherst College’s literary magazine, the summer course run Monday-Friday and are open to all high school students.
Fiction Class
Our fiction class guides students through the process of writing a short story. No previous writing experience is necessary. Through daily writing assignments and class meetings, students will learn about the key building blocks of fiction and will each complete their own short story by the end of the course. In addition to submitting daily assignments, students will meet as a group with our instructors online. Students will also meet individually with an instructor to discuss their own short stories, and will not only receive written feedback on their first drafts and final stories, but on all daily assignments.
Students should expect to spend around 3-4 hours each day on their assignments, including meeting times. Class size will be small, and we’ll break into small groups for discussions during each session.
Cost & Scholarships
The cost of the TCYWP two-week program is $725. We hope that no student will let financial difficulty prevent them from applying. Tuition waivers (学费减免) will be awarded to students with strong applications who cannot attend the program without financial assistance. In the application, students will have the opportunity to briefly describe their financial circumstances and state the amount they could afford to pay, if any, if accepted into the program. No documentation is required. Contact us at info@, if there is any question.
21. Participants of the Common Young Writers Program will ______.
A. attend a virtual learning course
B. meet great writers from colleges
C. become passionate about writing
D. gain confidence in writing reports
22. In the Fiction Class, students need to ______.
A. complete a writing assignment every day
B. discuss their own story in a group meeting
C. prove they have previous writing experience
D. spend more than 4 hours on their assignments
23. Which is a requirement for the tuition waiver
A. Recommendation from the TCYWP office.
B. Certificate of the academic achievement.
C. Documents to prove the need of financial help.
D Application to explain the financial difficulties.
B
My birth was a little more dramatic than the standard way a baby enters the world. Within minutes of coming out, I was brought into another room while doctors gave my parents the difficult news: I was born missing my left hand. I’m sure it was quite difficult for them.
My parents took good care of me. I played sports, acted in theater, stood out in school, participated in student government and had playdates with friends. While I did get some stares and “polite” questions about my disability, I am lucky because I wasn’t made fun of for my limb (肢体) difference.
As kids do, I quickly learned to adapt, working around the “missing” hand. One of my earliest memories is my father trying to teach me to tie my shoes. I gently pushed him out of the way because his two-handed method wouldn’t work for me, and I figured out a way to do it with one hand.
However, that fact that I was different hit me hard my first day of high school. I was 13, an age when kids are already very self-conscious and the demand to fit in increases. I remember getting on the yellow school bus and one of the other kids stared just a little too long at my left arm. The staring discouraged me in a way it never had before, and I felt a sudden urge to hide my hand, so I impulsively (冲动地) slipped it into my pocket. I told myself that I’d just hide it that one day, while I was trying to make friends. But one day of hiding turned into a week, which turned into a month, which became years—25 of them to be exact.
Tired of hiding and so lonely, the transformation process came to me. I started with physical care. And when I was 38 years old, I met someone special and invited them in. For the first time in my life, I allowed someone to really hold my limb, look at it, take pictures of it, touch it, love it—love me. From that point on, I saw my limb difference as something unique and beautiful about me, something that should be shown, not hidden.
Hiding things, especially from loved ones, is exhausting and hurting, and it prevents us from getting help and support. Unhiding can set you free.
24. When the author was a kid, she felt her limb difference was .
A. meaningful B. inconvenient C. special D. acceptable
25. Why did the author decide to hide her hand
A. She was laughed at on the bus.
B. She felt afraid of scaring others.
C. She became sensitive at that age.
D. She got discouraged by her father.
26. The author started her transformation in her 30s because ______.
A. her hand was touched and loved
B. she received a useful physical care
C. someone special came into her life
D. she had a desire to make a change
27. What can we learn from this passage
A. Family love is important for our growth.
B. Stopping hiding opens up a new world.
C. Time is the best cure for a broken heart.
D. Inner beauty matters more than appearance.
C
Drought is an increasing problem in our warming world. All continents have been experiencing more extended periods without rain, leading to forest fires and poor crop growth. Consequently, people are looking at cloud seeding to solve the problem — a method of encouraging precipitation (降水) by sending small particles of certain chemicals into clouds.
Cloud-seeding expert Arlen Huggins has been studying its effectiveness. “My earliest experience was to use cloud seeding to reduce the amount of hail (冰雹) in northeast Colorado. We didn’t have any luck with that, but we had success later on in increasing snowfall in Utah. Now, the focus is shifting towards increasing rainfall from summer clouds, which is far more unpredictable.” said he.
The problem is that it’s pretty hard to know whether precipitation resulted directly from cloud seeding. It might have rained or snowed anyway. Even if you cloud seed in one place and don’t in another, it’s impossible to know for sure what caused the precipitation. Also, it’s not during foggy and snowy conditions that people think of increasing the chance of rainfall. When a country is hit by drought, then cloud seeding isn’t an option due to the lack of clouds. During drought, skies tend to be clear with few clouds. The best option to prevent drought is to seed at times of the year when rainfall levels are normal or higher. That way, slightly more rain can be stored the dry season.
As cloud seeding is expensive and its effectiveness tenuous, its usefulness is still a matter of opinion. University of Colorado researcher Katja Friedrich says cloud seeding can’t end a drought. However, it can be beneficial, provided it occurs alongside other water conservation strategies. Still, for that to happen, the water would need to be captured and stored effectively.
There are also environmental issues regarding the impact of cloud seeding. At high levels, the chemicals sent into the clouds can harm humans and other animals, and some studies have found them slightly poisonous. Apart from that, some environmentalists are concerned about the long-term impacts, as there isn’t data on how much those chemicals accumulate (累积) in the environment over 10 years.
Another fear is that cloud seeding could potentially steal water from neighbouring areas by encouraging the water in clouds that would otherwise fall somewhere else to fall in your location. If one country uses cloud seeding to create rain, a neighbouring country will also be very likely to lose out because clouds are constantly forming and reforming.
28. In Huggins’ study, at first cloud seeding was used to .
A increase annual snowfall in Utah
B. send chemicals into summer clouds
C. lower the amount of hail in Colorado
D. put out forest fires and help crops grow
29. What does the underlined word tenuous in the fourth paragraph probably mean
A. Negative. B. Weak. C. Surprising. D. Various.
30. What’s the best title of the passage
A. Should we seed clouds to make rain
B. Should we seed clouds at a lower price
C. Can cloud seeding help end a drought
D. Can cloud seeding be more eco-friendly
D
What does it mean to be intelligent If it’s defined by having the biggest brain, then sperm whales—whose brain is 20 pounds—would be the brightest creatures on Earth. But, more likely, intelligence is what gives an organism the best chance to survive in an environment. Language may be one of the best ways to demonstrate that kind of smarts. Though all animals can communicate with others, humans are one of the few species to have a spoken language. Using speech, we could share complex ideas, pass knowledge through generations, and create communities. Whether spoken language actually helped us evolve (进化) as species into more advanced beings, however, has never really been tested.
“Language allowing humans to be a more advanced species is an assumption that somebody came up with one day without really trying to prove it,” says Erich Jarvis, a professor who studies the neurobiology of vocal learning.
But Jarvis and his colleagues were able to examine this assumption with the help of songbirds. Jarvis’ new study provides some of the first evidence that vocal learning—one of the crucial components for a spoken language—is associated with problem-solving. Vocal learning is the ability to produce new sounds by imitating (模仿) others, relying on experience rather than instinct.
To get a better grasp of vocal learning and cognition (认知), the study authors turned to songbirds. The team performed seven cognitive experiments on 214 songbirds from 23 different species. Of these, 21 species were caught from the wild. Two songbirds studied are domesticated. The behavioral tests examined the birds’ problem solving, for instance by figuring out how to remove an object to access the food reward. The researchers also tested two other skills often associated with intelligence: learning by association, plus what’s called reversal (倒转的) learning, in which an animal adjusts its behavior to get a reward. They then looked at whether being vocal learners helped develop the three skills, comparing 21 bird species to two others, which were vocal non-learners.
The biologists noticed a strong relationship between vocal learning and problem-solving skills. Vocal learning bird species could come up with innovative ideas, such as getting seeds, or a worm trapped under a cup by removing the obstacle or pulling it apart. All three abilities—problem solving, associative learning, and reversal learning—are typically considered “components of intelligence,” he says.
Brain size was another benefit to vocal learning that may have supported these problem-solving abilities. The 21 vocal-learning species had slightly larger brains, relative to their body size, than the two who weren’t. Jarvis says it’s possible these big-headed birds packed more neurons.
One question left unanswered is why there’s such a strong relationship between problem-solving abilities and vocal learning. The brain areas in charge of vocal learning are not the same ones that get activated when we need to troubleshoot an issue, says Jarvis.
31. The purpose of the first paragraph is to ______.
A promote a new theory B. offer an example
C. present an assumption D. make a contrast
32. Why does Jarvis carry out the study
A. To examine the problem-solving ability of songbirds.
B. To prove the significance of vocal learning to humans.
C. To illustrate the influence of brain size on vocal learning.
D. To test the relation between vocal learning and intelligence.
33. What do we know from the study on songbirds
A. Advanced species have better problem-solving ability.
B. Vocal learners have a better development of intelligence.
C. Better problem-solving ability leads to bigger brain size.
D. Humans and songbirds are both good at vocal learning.
34. We can infer that future study will focus on ________.
A. why humans’ problem-solving abilities develop better
B. how other abilities are connected to songbirds’ intelligence
C. how problem-solving and vocal learning brain areas are related
D. why vocal learning differences exist in various songbirds species
第二节(共5小题;每小2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文题后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Get Comfortable Giving Honest Feedback
Should you cautiously tell a coworker she’s been mispronouncing a client’s name Or would you tell someone about the piece of vegetable left in his teeth ____35____ Recent research finds that a common cognitive error may help explain why—and that a simple approach could help overcome it.
In five experiments, study participants took part in real-time interactions in which they gave or received feedback. Those who gave feedback estimated how much the other person wanted to hear a well-intentioned criticism; receivers reported their actual desire for constructive critiques.
____36____ The miscalculation was particularly obvious when the feedback was considered rather essential for the result, as well as when those offering the information predicted that doing so would be socially uncomfortable, either for themselves or for the receiver.
The underestimation is likely due to a human tendency to ascribe (归因) different motives and desires to others than we do to ourselves, says Harvard doctoral student Nicole Abi-Esber, who authored the study. People tend to want feedback for themselves, but they underestimate how much others want it, too. ____37____
Skipping offering constructive criticism could have consequences. In one study, the subjects were asked to engage in a public-speaking contest. The feedback-givers, again, underestimated the speakers’ desire for constructive criticism. ____38____ Yet it was the speakers who heard more critical feedback that showed the most improvement.
Is it possible to overcome this and get better at giving feedback when it’s most needed ____39____“Take a second and imagine you are the other person,” Abi-Esber suggests. If you’d want feedback, it’s likely the other person feels the same—and might even be grateful that you took the time to speak up.
A. They chose to give them praises instead.
B. A quick role-exchanging exercise could move the needle.
C. It can also help identify potential problems before they occur.
D. The reason is that they’re not putting themselves in the other person’s shoes.
E. How you ask for feedback may stop you from hearing what you need to hear.
F. Many people hesitate to offer such honest criticism even when the benefits seem obvious.
G. Feedback-givers always underestimated how much others wanted to hear helpful criticism.
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
When advising children and adolescents who are learning to regulate their emotions, experts explain that how they think affects how they feel. After children learn to use some basic techniques to regulate their emotions, a greater sense of internal control arises. Thereafter, people start to notice the power they can feel in their minds by changing their thought patterns.
“I believe that changing our thinking patterns helps engage different parts of the brain,” said Ran D. Anbar, the author of Changing Children’s Lives with Hypnosis: A Journey to the Center, “For instance, we may find ourselves habitually thinking in a particular way that predictably makes us feel poorly, for example angry, anxious, or sad. People can become angry when they feel that they have been treated poorly or have not gotten their way. The anger occurs because the person focuses on the perceived (察觉到的) injustice. When we shift our thinking, we can more easily create new, healthier thought patterns.”
For instance, 14-year-old “Sarah” became angry with her parents for restricting her use of social media. While discussing why her parents did so, Sarah recognized that they were attempting to protect her from some of the ill effects of overusing social media. Sarah let go of her anger. She switched from thinking about her frustration with her parents’ restrictions and instead focused her thoughts on how to solve the dilemma (困境) regarding her overuse of social media. She was able to recognize that her parents were her valuable friends rather than her opponents.
Frequently, people explain to themselves and others that their poor mood is related to unfortunate circumstances. While holding such a belief, people sometimes take comfort in the idea that since they cannot change their circumstances, there should be no expectation that they take charge of improving their feelings.
However, as demonstrated in this post, our emotional response to unfortunate circumstances can be brought under our control and improved through a change in our thinking patterns. Sometimes, that change can even help us figure out new ways to act that also will improve our situation.
40. What happens after children regulate their emotion
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41. Why does the author mention the example of Sarah in the 3rd paragraph
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42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
People always believe their poor mood is due to unfortunate circumstances so they will try to change their situation in order to have a good mood.
43. Besides changing thinking patterns, do you have other way(s) to control your emotions (In about 40 words)
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第二节(20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，近期你的英国笔友Jim得知你的学校上周举办了“长城之约 ”(A date with the Great Wall)主题文化宣传活动，来信询问你活动的详情，请给他写一封邮件介绍相关情况。
内容包括：
1. 活动目的；
2. 活动内容。
注意: 1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
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Yours,
Li Hua
