2024届九省联考英语阅读理解评析课件(共34张PPT)

(共34张PPT)
“九省联考”英语阅读理解评析
(黑龙江，吉林，安徽，江西，甘肃，广西，贵州，新疆, 河南)
备考指津
命题总览
评析：阅读理解B篇：记叙文 说明文
阅读理解文篇总体以说明文体裁文章为主，有增多趋势，备考需打破定势思维，增加多种体裁文章的涉猎。
阅读A篇
语篇丨应用文体类型
主题丨人与社会语境
语篇丨主要介绍了怀俄明大学柯伊图书馆举办的一场以黄石国家公园画报历史为主题的展览。
https://www.uwyo.edu/news/2022/01/yellowstone-poster-exhibition-to-be-on-view-at-uws-coe-library.html
阅读A篇
A篇选取有关黄石公园画报展览的介绍材料，营造美育氛围，引导学生培养审美意识，提升审美境界。
A
Yellowstone Poster Exhibition to Be on View at UW’s Coe Library
1. A first-of-its-kind exhibition that focuses on the history of Yellowstone National Park posters will be on display at the University of Wyoming’s Coe Library beginning Tuesday, February 1.
2.“Wonderland Illustrated” will present posters and poster-style illustrations of the park spanning from the 1870s through 2022. The exhibition will be located on Level 3 of Coe Library. It will be on view through Tuesday, May 31.
3. The exhibition takes place at the same time as this year’s 150th anniversary of the creation of Yellowstone National Park. The posters in the exhibition serve the purpose of both advertising and art.
4.“We’re thrilled to be working with Yellowstone collectors Jack and Susan Davis, and Larry and Thea Lancaster to bring this exhibition to the University of Wyoming as part of year-long celebrations recognizing Yellowstone’s 150th anniversary,” says Tamsen Hert, head of UW Libraries’ Emmett D. Chisum Special Collections.“This exhibition involves the history of printing, art, photography and advertising over 16 decades. The images reproduced are found on travel brochures, postcards and maps — many of which are held in our collections.”
5. One poster from the exhibition — Henry Wellge’s “Yellowstone National Park” from 1904 — was recently purchased with donated funds and is now part of UW Libraries’ Emmett D. Chisum Special Collections. Wellge, a productive bird’s-eye-view artist, designed the piece for the Northern Pacific Railroad, which used it to advertise the park. This is a unique piece, as posters such as this one were printed on soft paper and very few have survived.
黄石海报展览将在怀俄明大学柯伊图书馆展出
从2月1日星期二开始，怀俄明大学科图书馆将举办一场首次以黄石国家公园历史海报为主题的展览。
“仙境画报”将展示从19世纪70年代到2022年的公园海报和海报风格的插图。展览将在Coe图书馆的三层举行。展览将持续到5月31日星期二。
该展览与今年黄石国家公园成立150周年同时举行。展览中的海报集广告和艺术于一体。
“我们很高兴能与黄石收藏者杰克和苏珊·戴维斯、拉里和西娅·兰开斯特合作，将这次展览带到怀明大学，作为纪念黄石公园150周年的为期一年的庆祝活动的一部分，”西华大学图书馆埃米特·d·奇苏姆特别馆藏负责人Tamsen Hert说。“这次展览涵盖了160多年来印刷、艺术、摄影和广告的历史。复制的图像出现在旅游手册、明信片和地图上，其中许多都是我们的藏品。”
展览中的一张海报——亨利·韦尔奇1904年的“黄石国家公园”——最近被捐赠资金购买，现在是西华大学图书馆埃米特·d·奇森特别收藏的一部分。Wellge是一位多产的鸟瞰图艺术家，他为北太平洋铁路公司设计了这件作品，该公司用它来宣传公园。这是一件独特的作品，因为像这样的海报是印在软纸上的，很少有幸存下来。
2024年1月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
A
Tom Sawyer Play Is an Adventure
A 35-minute hand-clapping, foot-stomping musical version of a Mark Twain favorite returns with this Tall Stacks festival.
“Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure” has all the good stuff, including the fence painting, the graveyard, the island and the cave. It is adapted by Joe McDonough, with music by David Kisor. That’s the local stage writing team that creates many of the Children’s Theatre of Cincinnati’s original musicals, along with the holiday family musicals at Ensemble Theatre.
This year Nathan Turner of Burlington is Tom Sawyer, and Robbie McMath of Fort Mitchell is Huck Finn.
Tumer, a 10th-grader at School for Creative and Performing Arts, is a familiar presence on Cincinnati’s stages. He is a star act or of Children’s Theatre, having played leading roles in “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” and “The Wizard of Oz,” and is fresh from Jersey Production “Ragtime”.
McMath is a junior at Beechwood High School. He was in the cast of “Tom Sawyer” when it was first performed and is a Children’s Theatre regular, with five shows to his credit. This summer he attended Kentucky’s Governor’s School for the Arts in Musical Theatre.
Note to teachers: Children’s Theatre has a study guide demonstrating how math and science can be taught through “Tom Sawyer.” For downloadable lessons, visit the official website of Children’s Theatre.
评析：阅读理解A篇：标题类型文章 全文本
更考察学生查找细节信息的能力。
真题解读
2024年九省联考阅读理解A篇解析
21. How long will the exhibition “Wonderland Illustrated” last
A. Two weeks. B. Three months. C. Four months. D. One year.
22. What is a purpose of the exhibition
A. To remember a famous artist.
B. To raise fund for Coe Library.
C. To mark the anniversary of a national park.
D. To tell the history of the University of Wyoming.
23. What do we know about the 1904 poster Henry Wellge designed
A. It is rare in the world.
B. It is in black and white.
C. It is printed on cloth.
D. It is owned by a professor.
真题解读
2024年九省联考阅读理解A篇解析
21. How long will the exhibition “Wonderland Illustrated” last
A. Two weeks. B. Three months. C. Four months. D. One year.
22. What is a purpose of the exhibition
A. To remember a famous artist.
B. To raise fund for Coe Library.
C. To mark the anniversary of a national park.
D. To tell the history of the University of Wyoming.
23. What do we know about the 1904 poster Henry Wellge designed
A. It is rare in the world.
B. It is in black and white.
C. It is printed on cloth.
D. It is owned by a professor.
真题解读
2024年九省联考阅读理解A篇解析
21. How long will the exhibition “Wonderland Illustrated” last
A. Two weeks. B. Three months. C. Four months. D. One year.
22. What is a purpose of the exhibition
A. To remember a famous artist.
B. To raise fund for Coe Library.
C. To mark the anniversary of a national park.
D. To tell the history of the University of Wyoming.
23. What do we know about the 1904 poster Henry Wellge designed
A. It is rare in the world.
B. It is in black and white.
C. It is printed on cloth.
D. It is owned by a professor.
语言知识
重难点词
first-of-its-kind adj [合成词] 首例的，首个此类的；
illustrated adj 有插图的（illustrate v 给……加插图）；illustration n [派生词] 插图；
*span v（时间）持续，贯穿；creation n 创立；year-long adj [合成词] 持续一年的，为期一年的；
recognize v纪念；reproduce v [派生词] 复制，翻印；hold v [正式用语] 拥有，持有；
productive adj [派生词] 多产的；
bird’s-eye-view n [合成词] 鸟瞰（图），（自高处俯视的）全景；piece n（艺术）作品；
survive v [熟词生义] 留存下来；remember v [熟词生义]纪念；mark v [熟词生义] 庆祝，纪念；
black and white adj [合成词]（图片或影像）黑白的
重难点词块
on view 在展出（近 on display）；Wonderland Illustrated 仙境画报；
serve the purpose of 起到……的作用，用作……；
travel brochures 旅游手册
长难句分析
We’re thrilled to be working with Yellowstone collectors Jack and Susan Davis, and Larry and Thea Lancaster to bring this exhibition to the University of Wyoming as part of year-long celebrations recognizing Yellowstone’s 150th anniversary.
句意为：我们很高兴能与黄石公园的收藏家杰克和苏珊·戴维斯，拉里和西娅·兰开斯特合作，作为纪念黄石公园成立 150周年年庆活动的一部分，在怀俄明大学举办此次展览。
recognizing ... 为分词短语作 celebrations 的后置定语。
语篇丨说明文类型
主题丨人与自然语境
语篇│文章主要介绍了鹦鹉作为被捕食动物的行为特性和生存策略。
https:///learn/instinctual-needs/security/parrots-and-predators
阅读B篇
B篇文章介绍了鹦鹉的习性和养护注意事项，帮助学生增长自然地理和动物保护相关的知识
B
1.Parrots are prey animals, which means that other predators (捕食者) in the wild, such as hawks or snakes, are looking to make them into a meal. This one factor influences parrots’ behavior in your house more than any other. 2.Parrots are most easily hurt when feeding on the ground; membership in a group plays an important function in ensuring their safety and improving their chances of survival from attacks by predators. The most common predators of parrots include hawks, snakes, cats, monkeys, and bats. Some predators make attacks only during the day while others hunt in the night.
3.As prey animals, parrots are constantly watching out for danger and they instinctively (本能地) react to risks. Their first choice is to take flight. However, if this is not possible, they will fight with their powerful beaks to defend themselves.
4.Because their biggest enemy is the hawk, parrots are especially reactive to quick movements from above and behind. For this reason, it is wise to avoid quick, sudden movements near your bird. This is a built-in reaction not subject to logic or reason. Simple and relatively harmless household objects can draw extreme fear responses from a bird. For example, a balloon may represent a hawk or a vacuum hose (吸尘器软管) may be the same as a snake in your bird’s mind.
5.As prey animals, parrots are often frightened by exposure to new household items or strangers. It is important to expose your bird to safe experiences and changes starting at a very young age to build flexibility and improve their adaptability. Variety in diet and toys, travel, and exposure to new people and places all help to make your bird more flexible and adaptable to change.
B
鹦鹉是猎物动物（食物链中被捕食的动物），这意味着其他野生食肉动物，如鹰或蛇，都想把它们变成一顿美餐。这一因素比其他因素更能影响鹦鹉在你家里的行为。
鹦鹉在地上觅食时最容易受伤;群体的成员身份在确保它们的安全和提高它们在掠食者攻击下的生存机会方面起着重要的作用。鹦鹉最常见的捕食者包括鹰、蛇、猫、猴子和蝙蝠。一些捕食者只在白天攻击，而另一些则在晚上捕猎。
作为猎物，鹦鹉时刻警惕着危险，它们本能地对危险做出反应。它们的第一选择是飞行。然而，如果这是不可能的，他们会用他们强大的喙来保护自己。
因为它们最大的敌人是鹰，鹦鹉对来自上方和后方的快速移动特别敏感。出于这个原因，避免在你的鸟附近快速，突然的动作是明智的。这是一种不受逻辑或理性约束的内在反应。简单而相对无害的家用物品可以引起鸟的极度恐惧反应。例如，气球可能代表一只鹰，而真空软管在你的鸟的脑海里可能和蛇一样。
作为被捕食的动物，鹦鹉经常因接触到新的家庭物品或陌生人而感到害怕。重要的是让你的鸟在很小的时候就开始接触安全的经历和变化，以建立灵活性和提高它们的适应能力。饮食和玩具的多样性，旅行，接触新的人和地方都有助于使你的鸟更灵活和适应变化。
真题解读
2024年九省联考阅读理解B篇解析
24. What is important for parrots to better survive from attacks in the wild
A. Living in a group.
B. Growing beautiful feathers.
C. Feeding on the ground.
D. Avoiding coming out at night.
25. What is parrots’ first response to an immediate risk
A. To attack back. B. To get away.
C. To protect the young. D. To play dead.
26. Why would a balloon frighten a parrot
A. It may explode suddenly.
B. It may be in a strange shape.
C. It may have a strong color.
D. It may move around quickly.
27. What is the author’s purpose of writing the text
A. To explain wild parrots' behavior.
B. To give advice on raising a parrot.
C. To call for action to protect animals.
D. To introduce a study on bird ecology.
真题解读
2024年九省联考阅读理解B篇解析
24. What is important for parrots to better survive from attacks in the wild
A. Living in a group.
B. Growing beautiful feathers.
C. Feeding on the ground.
D. Avoiding coming out at night.
25. What is parrots’ first response to an immediate risk
A. To attack back. B. To get away.
C. To protect the young. D. To play dead.
26. Why would a balloon frighten a parrot
A. It may explode suddenly.
B. It may be in a strange shape.
C. It may have a strong color.
D. It may move around quickly.
27. What is the author’s purpose of writing the text
A. To explain wild parrots' behavior.
B. To give advice on raising a parrot.
C. To call for action to protect animals.
D. To introduce a study on bird ecology.
真题解读
2024年九省联考阅读理解B篇解析
24. What is important for parrots to better survive from attacks in the wild
A. Living in a group.
B. Growing beautiful feathers.
C. Feeding on the ground.
D. Avoiding coming out at night.
25. What is parrots’ first response to an immediate risk
A. To attack back. B. To get away.
C. To protect the young. D. To play dead.
26. Why would a balloon frighten a parrot
A. It may explode suddenly.
B. It may be in a strange shape.
C. It may have a strong color.
D. It may move around quickly.
27. What is the author’s purpose of writing the text
A. To explain wild parrots' behavior.
B. To give advice on raising a parrot.
C. To call for action to protect animals.
D. To introduce a study on bird ecology.
真题解读
2024年九省联考阅读理解B篇解析
24. What is important for parrots to better survive from attacks in the wild
A. Living in a group.
B. Growing beautiful feathers.
C. Feeding on the ground.
D. Avoiding coming out at night.
25. What is parrots’ first response to an immediate risk
A. To attack back. B. To get away.
C. To protect the young. D. To play dead.
26. Why would a balloon frighten a parrot
A. It may explode suddenly.
B. It may be in a strange shape.
C. It may have a strong color.
D. It may move around quickly.
27. What is the author’s purpose of writing the text
A. To explain wild parrots' behavior.
B. To give advice on raising a parrot.
C. To call for action to protect animals.
D. To introduce a study on bird ecology.
27.推理判断题。根据第一段“Parrots are prey animals, which means that other predators (捕食者) in the wild, such as hawks or snakes, are looking to make them into a meal. This one factor influences parrots’ behavior in your house more than any other.(鹦鹉是猎物，这意味着野生的其他捕食者，如鹰或蛇，正在寻找将它们作为食物。这一个因素比任何其他因素都更能影响鹦鹉在家里的行为)”、倒数第二段“Simple and relatively harmless household objects can draw extreme fear responses from a bird. For example, a balloon may represent a hawk or a vacuum hose (吸尘器软管) may be the same as a snake in your bird’s mind.(简单且相对无害的家居用品会引起鸟类的极度恐惧反应。例如，在你的鸟心目中，气球可能代表鹰，或者真空软管可能与蛇相同)”以及最后一段“As prey animals, parrots are often frightened by exposure to new household items or strangers. It is important to expose your bird to safe experiences and changes starting at a very young age to build flexibility and improve their adaptability. Variety in diet and toys, travel, and exposure to new people and places all help to make your bird more flexible and adaptable to change.(作为猎物，鹦鹉经常被新的家庭用品或陌生人吓到。从很小的时候就开始让你的鸟接触安全的体验和变化，以建立灵活性并提高它们的适应性，这一点很重要。饮食和玩具的多样性、旅行以及接触新的人和地方都有助于让你的鸟更灵活，更适应变化)”可知，本文的写作目的是对饲养鹦鹉提建议，故选B项。
通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了鹦鹉的生活习性，并针对其固有的习性提供了一些居家养护鹦鹉的注意事项和建议。故选 B。
语言知识
重难点词
*prey n [U] 猎物（反 predator）；hawk n 鹰；factor n 因素；
membership n 成员，会员身份；chance n 可能性，机会；
constantly adv 经常地，不断地；flight n [熟词生义]（从危险或困境中的）飞走，逃避；
beak n 鸟嘴，喙；
reactive adj [派生词] 有反应的；built-in adj [合成词] 内在的，固有的；logic n [音译词] 逻辑；
reason n [熟词生义] 理性，理智；representv [熟词生义] 相当于；frighten v（使）惊吓，（使）害怕；varietyn 变化；ecology n 生态学
重难点词块
play a(n) … function 起着……作用；be looking to do sth 打 算 / 期待 / 力求做某事；
watch out (for) 当心 / 注意（……）；take flight 逃跑；defend oneself 保护自己，自卫；
(be) subject to sth 受某事物影响 / 支配，取决于某事物；
expose (v) … to / exposure (n) to 接触……；household object /item 家居用品；draw sth from sb / sth 引起某人 / 物某种反应；build flexibility 培养灵活性；improve adaptability 提高适应能力；(be) adaptable to change 能适应变化；play dead装死；call for action 强烈要求采取行动
语篇丨议论文类型
主题丨人与社会语境
语篇│作者认为卡耐基提出的“赢得争论的唯一办法是避免争论”的看法是错误的，并分析其背后的原因是错把争论当成打架或竞争，从而导致两败俱伤。作者提出自己的观点：赢得争论的关键在于认清争辩的本质是基于双方相互尊重和理解的交流。
https:///5318965/how-to-win-an-argument/
阅读C篇
文章作者以新鲜的视角评述卡耐基关于争辩的论述，为学生提供了思辨的典范。试题通过良好的设问方式，考查学生理解重要细节、把握作者写作意图、概括文章或段落大意、推断生词含义、分析评价文本内容、梳理文章内容逻辑等方面的能力。
同时阅读C篇作者从批判的角度对卡耐基关于争论的观点展开深度分析并提出了不同看法。这样的文章可以引导学生形成批判性思维意识，发展批判性思维能力。
C
1. In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People, Dale Carnegie wrote: “I have come to the conclusion that there is only one way to get the best of an argument — and that is to avoid it.” This distaste for arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes problems for our personal and social lives — and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.
2. Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights, which is how we often think of them. Like physical fights, verbal (言语的) fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win, you end up no better off. You would be feeling almost as bad if arguments were even just competitions — like, say, tennis tournaments. Pairs of opponents hit the ball back and forth until one winner comes out from all who entered. Everybody else loses. This kind of thinking explains why so many people try to avoid arguments. 3. However, there are ways to win an argument every time. When you state your position, formulate (阐述) an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good. When you talk with someone who takes a stand, ask them to give you a reason for their view and spell out their argument fully. Assess its strength and weakness. Raise objections (异议) and listen carefully to their replies. This method will require effort, but practice will make you better at it.
4.These tools can help you win every argument — not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about what divides people, learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them. If we readjust our view of arguments — from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain respect and understanding from each other — then we change the very nature of what it means to “win” an argument.
C
在他1936年的著作《如何赢得朋友和影响他人》中，戴尔·卡内基写道:“我得出的结论是，只有一种方法可以在争论中取得最好的结果，那就是避免争论。”这种对争论的厌恶是很普遍的，但它取决于对争论的错误看法，这种观点会给我们的个人和社会生活带来问题——而且在很多方面，它首先忽略了争论的意义。
如果争论是一场争斗，卡内基是对的，我们通常是这么认为的。和身体上的打斗一样，言语上的打斗也会让双方流血。即使你赢了，你最终也不会变得更好。如果争论只是一场比赛，比如网球比赛，你也会感觉很糟糕。成对的对手来回击球，直到从所有进场者中选出一名胜者。其他人都输了。这种想法解释了为什么那么多人试图避免争论。
然而，每次都有赢得争论的方法。当你陈述你的立场时，为你的主张制定一个论点，并诚实地问自己你的论点是否有任何好处。当你和持不同观点的人交谈时，让他们给你一个理由，并把他们的论点完整地说出来。评估它的优点和缺点。提出反对意见，并仔细倾听他们的回答。这种方法需要努力，但练习会让你做得更好。
这些工具可以帮助你赢得每一场争论——不是在无用的意义上打败你的对手，而是在更好的意义上了解人们的分歧，了解他们为什么不同意我们，并学会与他们交谈和合作。如果我们重新调整我们对争论的看法——从一场口水战或网球比赛转变为一种理性的交流，通过这种交流，我们都能获得彼此的尊重和理解——那么我们就改变了“赢得”争论的本质。
真题解读
2024年九省联考阅读理解C篇解析
28. What is the author’s attitude toward Carnegie’s understanding of argument
A. Critical. B. Supportive. C. Tolerant. D. Uncertain
29. Why do many people try to avoid arguments
A. They lack debating skills.
B. They may feel bad even if they win.
C. They fear being ignored.
D. They are not confident in themselves.
30. What does the underlined phrase “spell out” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Defend. B. Explain. C. Conclude. D. Repeat.
31. What is the key to “winning” an argument according to the author
A. Sense of logic.
B. Solid supporting evidence.
C. Proper manners.
D. Understanding from both sides.
真题解读
2024年九省联考阅读理解C篇解析
28. What is the author’s attitude toward Carnegie’s understanding of argument
A. Critical. B. Supportive. C. Tolerant. D. Uncertain,
29. Why do many people try to avoid arguments
A. They lack debating skills.
B. They may feel bad even if they win.
C. They fear being ignored.
D. They are not confident in themselves.
30. What does the underlined phrase “spell out” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Defend. B. Explain. C. Conclude. D. Repeat.
31. What is the key to “winning” an argument according to the author
A. Sense of logic.
B. Solid supporting evidence.
C. Proper manners.
D. Understanding from both sides.
真题解读
2024年九省联考阅读理解C篇解析
28. What is the author’s attitude toward Carnegie’s understanding of argument
A. Critical. B. Supportive. C. Tolerant. D. Uncertain,
29. Why do many people try to avoid arguments
A. They lack debating skills.
B. They may feel bad even if they win.
C. They fear being ignored.
D. They are not confident in themselves.
30. What does the underlined phrase “spell out” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Defend. B. Explain. C. Conclude. D. Repeat.
31. What is the key to “winning” an argument according to the author
A. Sense of logic.
B. Solid supporting evidence.
C. Proper manners.
D. Understanding from both sides.
真题解读
2024年九省联考阅读理解C篇解析
28. What is the author’s attitude toward Carnegie’s understanding of argument
A. Critical. B. Supportive. C. Tolerant. D. Uncertain,
29. Why do many people try to avoid arguments
A. They lack debating skills.
B. They may feel bad even if they win.
C. They fear being ignored.
D. They are not confident in themselves.
30. What does the underlined phrase “spell out” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Defend. B. Explain. C. Conclude. D. Repeat.
31. What is the key to “winning” an argument according to the author
A. Sense of logic.
B. Solid supporting evidence.
C. Proper manners.
D. Understanding from both sides.
语言知识
重难点词
distaste n 不喜欢，反感（dis- + taste）； bloody v 使流血，使受伤；better off adj 更好的；say v 比方说，假设；statev 陈述；position n 观点，态度；claim v 主张，声称；good n 用处，好处；stand n 观点，立场；unhelpful adj 无益的；readjust v [学术词] 重新调整（re- + adjust）；reasoned
adj [只用于名词前] 合理的，经过缜密思考的； solid adj可靠的，可信赖的
重难点词块 come to the conclusion (that ...) 得出（……）结论；
get the best of 在……中占上风；depend on / upon 受……影响，由……决定；miss the point (of sth) 没有抓住（某事物的）要点；in the first place 首先，从一开始；end up 最终处于，到头来；back and forth 反复来回；take a stand 采 取坚定的立场或态度；spell out 解释明白
长难句分析
This distaste for arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes problems for our personal and social lives — and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place that causes problems ... in the first place 是 that 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 a mistaken view；在该定语从句中， causes problems for our personal and social lives 和 in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place 是
并列谓语。
句意：人们普遍都厌恶争论，但是这种厌恶源 于对争论的误解，这种误解导致我们的个人生活和社交都
出现问题——而且在很多方面，这种误解是从一开始就没 有领会争论的含义。
These tools can help you win every argument — not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about what divides people, learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them.
句意：这些方法可以帮助你赢得每一场争论——不是从打 败对手的无益的层面上，而是从更好地了解人们在哪里有
分歧，了解他们和我们之间为什么会有分歧，并学会与他
们交流和合作的层面上。
If we readjust our view of arguments — from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain respect and understanding from each other — then we change the very nature of what it means to “win” an argument.
句意：如果我们重新调整对争论的看法——从将其看作是一场口水战或网球比赛转变为我们都能从中获得彼此尊重和理解的理性交流——那么我们就改变了“赢得”争论的本质。
语篇丨说明文类型
主题丨人与社会语境
语篇│文章介绍了幼儿时期友谊对儿童社交能力发展的重要性，并探讨了幼儿表达友谊的方式和可能出现的问题。同时，文章还提供了一些建议和方法，帮助家长在幼儿社交互动中发挥积极作用，培养他们的同情心和表达能力，学会发展友谊。
healthmode杂志7月刊
阅读D篇
发挥育人功能，引导学生全面发展
试题自然融入中华民族传统美德元素，落实立德树人根本任务。阅读D篇选取有关如何让小孩子学会友爱的文章，引导学生具备同情心，养成爱他人、爱社会和爱国家的良好品格。
D
1.For lots of kids, toddlerhood (幼儿期) is an important time for friendship. Studies show that the earlier kids learn to form positive relationships, the better they are at relating to others as teenagers and adults. Playing together also helps these kids practice social behaviors, such as kindness, sharing, and cooperation.
2.Even so, how quickly your child develops into a social creature may also depend on his temperament (性格). Some toddlers are very social, but others are shy. In addition, the way that toddlers demonstrate that they like other children is markedly different from what adults think of as expressions of friendship. Research at Ohio State University in Columbus found that a toddler’s way of saying “I like you” during play is likely to come in the form of copying a friend’s behavior.
3.This seemingly unusual way of demonstrating fondness can result in unpleasant behavior. Regardless of how much they like a playmate, they may still grab his toys, refuse to share, and get bossy. But experts say that this is a normal and necessary part of friendship for kids this age. Through play experiences, toddlers learn social rules. That’s why it’s so important to take an active role in your toddler’s social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are. When you establish these guidelines, explain the reasons behind them.
4.Begin by helping your child learn sympathy (“Ben is crying. What’s making him so sad ”), then suggest how he could resolve the problem (“Maybe he would feel better if you let him play the ball.”). When your child shares or shows empathy (同理心) toward a friend, praise him (“Ben stopped crying! You made him feel better.”).
5.Another way to encourage healthy social interaction is by encouraging kids to use words — not fists — to express how they feel. It’s also important to be mindful of how your child’s personality affects playtime. Kids are easy to get angry when they’re sleepy or hungry, so schedule playtime when they’re refreshed.
D
对很多孩子来说，幼儿时期是培养友谊的重要时期。研究表明，孩子越早学会建立积极的人际关系，他们在青少年和成年后就越善于与他人相处。一起玩耍也有助于这些孩子练习社会行为，比如善良、分享和合作。
即便如此，你的孩子多快会发展成为一个社会动物，也可能取决于他的性情。有些蹒跚学步的孩子很爱交际，但有些则很害羞。此外，蹒跚学步的孩子表现出喜欢其他孩子的方式与成年人认为的表达友谊的方式明显不同。位于哥伦布市的俄亥俄州立大学的研究发现，蹒跚学步的孩子在玩耍时表达“我喜欢你”的方式很可能是模仿朋友的行为。
这种看似不寻常的表达喜爱的方式可能会导致不愉快的行为。不管他们有多喜欢一个玩伴，他们可能仍然会抢夺他的玩具，拒绝分享，并且变得专横。但专家表示，对于这个年龄段的孩子来说，这是友谊中正常而必要的一部分。幼儿通过游戏经验学习社会规则。这就是为什么在你的孩子的社会交往中，通过设定限制和经常提醒他们是什么来发挥积极作用是如此重要。当您建立这些指导方针时，请解释其背后的原因。
从帮助孩子学会同情开始(“本哭了。是什么让他这么伤心 ”)，然后建议他如何解决这个问题(“如果你让他玩球，也许他会感觉好一点。”)。当你的孩子对朋友表示同情时，表扬他(“本不哭了!你让他感觉好些了。”)
另一种鼓励健康的社交互动的方法是鼓励孩子们用语言而不是拳头来表达他们的感受。同样重要的是要注意孩子的个性是如何影响游戏时间的。孩子们在困或饿的时候很容易生气，所以在他们精神恢复的时候安排好游戏时间。
真题解读
2024年九省联考阅读理解D篇解析
32. What does it indicate when toddlers copy their playmates’ behavior
A. They are interested in acting.
B. They are shy with the strangers.
C. They are fond of their playmates.
D. They are tired of playing games.
33. What does the author suggest parents do for their kids
A. Design games for them.
B. Find them suitable playmates.
C. Play together with them.
D. Help them understand social rules.
34. What is the function of the quoted statements in paragraph 4
Giving examples.
B. Explaining concepts.
C. Providing evidence.
D. Making comparisons.
35. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. How Children Adapt to Changes
B. How to Be a Role Model for Children
C. How Your Baby Learns to Love
D. How to Communicate with Your Kid
真题解读
2024年九省联考阅读理解D篇解析
32. What does it indicate when toddlers copy their playmates’ behavior
A. They are interested in acting.
B. They are shy with the strangers.
C. They are fond of their playmates.
D. They are tired of playing games.
33. What does the author suggest parents do for their kids
A. Design games for them.
B. Find them suitable playmates.
C. Play together with them.
D. Help them understand social rules.
34. What is the function of the quoted statements in paragraph 4
Giving examples.
B. Explaining concepts.
C. Providing evidence.
D. Making comparisons.
35. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. How Children Adapt to Changes
B. How to Be a Role Model for Children
C. How Your Baby Learns to Love
D. How to Communicate with Your Kid
真题解读
2024年九省联考阅读理解D篇解析
32. What does it indicate when toddlers copy their playmates’ behavior
A. They are interested in acting.
B. They are shy with the strangers.
C. They are fond of their playmates.
D. They are tired of playing games.
33. What does the author suggest parents do for their kids
A. Design games for them.
B. Find them suitable playmates.
C. Play together with them.
D. Help them understand social rules.
34. What is the function of the quoted statements in paragraph 4
Giving examples.
Explaining concepts.
C. Providing evidence.
D. Making comparisons.
35. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. How Children Adapt to Changes
B. How to Be a Role Model for Children
C. How Your Baby Learns to Love
D. How to Communicate with Your Kid
真题解读
2024年九省联考阅读理解D篇解析
32. What does it indicate when toddlers copy their playmates’ behavior
A. They are interested in acting.
B. They are shy with the strangers.
C. They are fond of their playmates.
D. They are tired of playing games.
33. What does the author suggest parents do for their kids
A. Design games for them.
B. Find them suitable playmates.
C. Play together with them.
D. Help them understand social rules.
34. What is the function of the quoted statements in paragraph 4
Giving examples.
B. Explaining concepts.
C. Providing evidence.
D. Making comparisons.
35. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. How Children Adapt to Changes
B. How to Be a Role Model for Children
C. How Your Baby Learns to Love
D. How to Communicate with Your Kid
通读全文可知，作者就幼儿期的孩子如何建立友谊这一话题进行了阐述，家长要引导孩子理解社交规则，以及对朋友要有同情心、同理心，这些都是在教孩子如何爱朋友、建立友谊；因此选 C。
语言知识
重难点词
cooperation n 合作，协作；social adj （好）社交的；demonstrate v 表明；markedly adv 明显地，显著地；
seemingly adv 看似；playmate n 玩伴；grab v 抢夺；bossy adj [派生词] 专横的；encounter n 相遇（语境中 social encounters 意为“社交活动”）；reminder n 提醒；establish v 确立；guideline n 指导原则；sympathy n 同情；resolve v 解决；interaction n 交流；playtime n（儿童的）游戏时间；schedule v [名词动化] 安排；refreshed adj精神振作的
重难点词块
relate to sb 与某人建立联系，理解某人；regardless of 不管；kids this age 这个年龄的孩子；take an active role in在……中起积极作用；set limits 设定限制；be mindful of 注意，留心；be fond of 喜欢；make comparisons 作比较；role model 榜样
长难句分析
Studies show that the earlier kids learn to form positive relationships, the better they are at relating to others as
teenagers and adults.
句意为：研究表明，孩子们越早学会建立积极的人际关系，他们在青少年和成年时就越善于与他人建立联系。此句型为“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”，意为“越……，越……”。
In addition, the way that toddlers demonstrate that they like other children is markedly different from what adults think of as expressions of friendship.
句意为：此外，蹒跚学步的孩子表现喜欢其他孩子的方式，与成年人认为的友谊表达方式明显不同。此句的主干为 the way … is markedly different from …，其中第一个 that 引导定语从句修饰先行词 the way，第二个 that 引导宾语从句作demonstrate 的宾语，what 引导宾语从句作介词 from 的宾语。
That’s why it’s so important to take an active role in your toddler’s social encounters by setting limits and offering
frequent reminders of what they are.
句意为：因此，家长通过设定限制并经常提醒孩子理解这些规则，从而在孩子的社交活动中发挥积极作用，这一点十分重要。why it’s …为表语从句作谓语动词 is 的表语，by setting limits … 为介词短语作方式状语。