河南省驻马店市2023届高三上学期期末统一考试英语试卷(含解析)
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河南省驻马店市2023届高三上学期期末统一考试英语试卷
学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
A One-day Tour of Beijing
Highlights
●A mini group of only 1 to 6 guests, with more personal service.
●Price Beat Guarantee: The 100% lowest fare is here! We beat any price of identical tour services.
●VIP privilege of fast entry to the 600-year-old Forbidden City.
●Smartly hike the Great Wall in the afternoon to avoid the crowds. Ensure at least 2.5 hours to thoroughly enjoy the Great Wall views.
●Unlimited bottles of drinking water and small local snacks are available at no charge.
●In-depth commentary and photography inspirations are offered by your professional English-speaking guide.
●No shopping diversions, no factory stores, no tea ceremony, no shopping site restaurant. Avoid wasting time at any shopping stop. That’s also the reason why we can include more attractions than others.
Tour Price (US$ Per Person)
Adult (>11 years old) $89
Child (3-11 years old) $79
Booking Policy●Baby Price. This tour is free of charge for a child under 3 years old.
●Confirmation: Upon receiving your booking request, confirmation will be sent within 12 hours.
●Payment: Full payment is required at least two days prior to the day trip. We accept payment by PnyPal. Credit Card、Alipay、Wechat and Bank Transfer.
●Cancellation: Your payment can be fully refunded(退还)if you cancel more than 24 hours prior to the trip. If you cancel the order within 24 hours or any unused portion after the day imp begins、your payment cannot be refunded.
●Departures are guaranteed with two persons.
●Guests under 80 can participate in this mini group tour.
1．Which is one of the highlights of the tour
A．It’s the richest of its kind.
B．It includes some free food.
C．It guarantees the best shopping experience.
D．It ensures unlimited time to view the Great Wall.
2．How much should a couple with a two-year-old kid pay for the tour
A．$89. B．$168. C．$178. D．$257.
3．What should you do if you want to get a full refund on the tour
A．Apply at least one day before the tour.
B．Cancel the order when the tour begins.
C．Send your cancellation request after the tour.
D．Show your booking request when the tour begins.
I am a boy who likes reading and I read all kinds of books. When I do this, I have ended up with two speeds-fast and slow depending on how worthwhile I find the book. I like to analyze and ponder over the words and contents of the books, which can sharpen my mind.
When I read the book Intrinsic Motivation(《内在动机》), I ask myself, “What kind of book is it ” Well, first of all, I have to say Dan Pink writes well, which is probably not surprising as he is a speechwriter for an American leader. The text is neither academically difficult nor overly casual. It states information clearly without effort. The subject matter of the book is motivation, and it starts with a discussion of how external motivation is less effective for modern knowledge work, where wide intelligent decision-making and innovation are essential.
The book shows that the tricky nature of how we are truly motivated is uncovered with plenty of examples and descriptions of sound research. For example, it is shown how payment can signal that a task is undesirable and so reduce intrinsic motivation. The heart of the book is the analysis of intrinsic motivation, in particular through the three key elements of autonomy, mastery and purpose. The rest of the book then takes an applied position, showing how these principles can be applied in the workplace. The book ends up with a comprehensive summary, covering the contents from several different angles and providing an easy future reference.
This is the sort of book I like most. Unsurprisingly, perhaps, I took quite a long time to read and re-read this excellent book. It covers the subject of motivation strongly and well, and is now one of my definitive references in a rather large library.
4．What does the underlined phrase "ponder over" in paragraph 1 mean
A.Think about. B.Speak out. C.Cut down. D. Take over.
5．What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A. The effects of external motivation.
B. The elements of worthwhile books.
C.The author's understanding of the book.
D. The author's intelligence for reading books.
6．How does the book mainly expand on the nature of intrinsic motivation
A.By highlighting instances. B.By making assumptions.
C.By drawing comparisons. D.By listing statistics.
7．What is the text
A.A news report. B.A biography.
C.A novel. D.A book review.
James Rilling of Emory University in Atlanta published the study in The Royal Society in November, 2021. His team surveyed 50 grandmothers each with one biological grandchild be-tween 3 and 12 years old and one of their own child. They also measured the brain function as the participants viewed pictures of their grandchild and the same-sex parent of the grandchild. Researchers found that grandmothers viewing their grandchild's pictures activated parts of the brain that involved emotional empathy(共鸣) and movement.
In contrast, the study also found that when grandmothers viewed images of their adult child, they showed stronger activation in an area of the brain associated with cognitive(认知的) empathy. That indicates they may be trying to cognitively understand what their adult child is thinking or feeling and why, but not as much from the emotional pared with results from an earlier study by the Rilling lab of fathers viewing photos of their children, results showed that grandmothers activated more parts of the brain that involved emotional empathy and motivation.
“That suggests that grandmothers tend to feel what their grandchildren are feeling when they interact with them,” Rilling said, “If their grandchild is smiling, they're feeling the child's joy. And if their grandchild is crying, they're feeling the child's pain and sorrow.” In many societies, grandmothers are important caregivers, and their investment is often associated with improving their grandchildren's well-being.
It's part of the reason why the US celebrates Grandparents' Day each year on the first Sunday after Labor Day in September. The announcement was signed in 1978. “Because grandparents are usually free to love, guide and befriend the young without having to take the daily responsibility for them, they can reach out past pride and fear of failure and close the space between generations,” the announcement read.
8．How many generations were there at least in the participants' families
A.2. B.3. C.4. D.5.
9．What did Rilling say about grandmothers and their grandchildren in paragraph 3
A. Their cognitive abilities. B. Their emotional interaction.
C. Their respective preferences. D. Their important characteristics.
10．What did the 1978 announcement show
A. The fear of grandparents. B. Grandparents' Day activities.
C. The origin of Grandparents' Day. D. Grandparents' responsibilities.
11．What can be the best title for the text
A. Grandmothers Are More Likely to Be Emotional
B. Grandmothers Empathize with Their Own Children
C. Grandmothers Have Generation Gaps with Grandchildren
D. Grandmothers Hold Deep Bond with Grandchildren
Cities are the planet’s largest sources of greenhouse gas emissions (排放), so they offer the greatest opportunity to tackle climate change. Hitting net zero emissions by 2050, a target set at the COP26 summit, could be achieved more quickly using city digital twins—working virtual replicas (复制品) that help track, manage and reduce environmental damage rapidly.
The United Nations says cities, the most suitable subjects, which occupy less than two percent of the Earth’s surface, are major contributors to climate change, consuming almost 80 percent of the world’s energy and producing more than 60 percent of greenhouse gas emissions. Urban areas are forecast to grow by another 2.5 billion people by 2050.
Digital twins look and behave identically in their real-world physical environments. Similar technologies have been in use since NASA’s Apollo moon mission in 1969, where computers and machine replicas were used to test and monitor spacecraft. Virtual 3D city models link to networks of sensors that collect data from buildings, transport, air quality and energy use, to see where emissions can be cut and efficiency improved.
The UK is planning a kind of national digital twins that will connect digital replicas man-aging buildings, factories, and the other infrastructure nationwide. And that could lead to en-tire virtual world online, part of a virtual reality space proposed by tech companies.
Research shows that digital twins can save cities more than $ 280 billion globally by 2030 through more efficient urban planning. A provider of digital twins, City zenith, believes that net zero deadlines could be achieved 15 years early if the world’s 100 biggest cities use the technology to remove carbon. “They are the perfect tool for managing and accelerating the energy transition,” said CEO Michael Jansen. “We could get to net zero emissions globally by 2035.”
In the US. the Digital Twin Consortium is working to standardize how digital twins are built and share data. Big tech companies around the world have developed software for replica-ting cities, including a district of Berlin, the island nation of Singapore, and the entire city of Shanghai in China.
12．What are city digital twins used to do
A．Decorate cities. B．Change cities’ climate.
C．Popularize urban technology. D．Reduce urban carbon emissions.
13．Why are cities chosen for the use of digital twins
A．They occupy most of the Earth’s surface.
B．They consume little of the world’s energy.
C．They produce little of solid waste pollution.
D．They contribute most to the greenhouse effect.
14．Why is the Apollo moon mission mentioned in the text
A．To prove the accuracy of network data.
B．To tell us the importance of space tasks.
C．To explain the application of digital twins.
D．To show the difficulty of urban construction.
15．What can we learn about city digital twins from the last two paragraphs
A．They lack research funding.
B．They are practical and promising.
C．They have reached a standard level.
D．They are complex and unrecognizable.
二、七选五
16．Is Doodling (涂鸦) Good for You
Doodling is drawing lines, shapes, etc, especially when you are bored or thinking about something else. Some people believe that drawing random patterns and designs during meetings and lectures shows you aren’t listening or paying attention. ①_______They show that doodling may be beneficial.
②_______It used to be seen as a product of absent-mindedness. However, a modern article on the Harvard University website has discussed the idea that random drawings may assist you in keeping memory and focus.
The article mentioned above highlights that26 of 44 American presidents were known to Doodle. with Ronald Reagan famous for drawing cowboys. A 2009 study conducted by psychologist Jackie Andrade asked 40 people to listen to a “dull and odd” voice message. ③_______Those people who did were able to recall 29%more of the information contained in the message
Some experts believe that embracing your creative and artistic sides during meetings may keep your mind active. Jesse Prinz, a famous professor of philosophy, actively encourages his students to doodle. He believes that doodling is the “sweet spot of attention”. And it may not just be good for your concentration. An artist known as Mr Doodle has made a career out of his doodles④_______.
So random drawing to aid concentration may be becoming more of a thing. ⑤_______So next time you see staff members casually drawing pictures during a meeting, it may be a sign that they are listening more than you think.
A．Doodling is universal from the past to the present.
B．It is rare to see a college student doodling at present.
C．However, there are studies which claim the opposite.
D．The young weaken their concentration by random drawing.
E．Employees begin to be taught how to doodle in the workplace.
F．Half of the group were asked to doodle and shade in a picture.
G．He sells his artworks online and also decorates people’s houses.
三、完形填空（20空）
Every three minutes a child like Pedro was born with cleft lips (唇裂). This number doesn’t change even today. Pedro’s family 1 Venezuela because of frequent natural disasters and moved across the border to a(n) 2 in Colombia, where many homeless people stayed.
Two local 3 there only had the capacity to treat the homeless in emergency situations, leaving even potentially deadly conditions like deft lips 4 . Pedro’s mother, Marbelis, a quiet but 5 woman, would do anything for her family. Marbelis had never 6 up any hope of finding Pedro the 7 help he so badly needed. For years, she had been watching her little boy 8 in life. No matter how hard she 9 , there was little she could do to help him. But he didn’t suffer from other diseases. Pedro was 10 to avoid the severe health problems that could be caused by the cleft, but he 11 the emotional scars of discrimination.
12 , just a few weeks after the family moved to a new home, another local hospital worker know Pedro and his 13 for the cleft treatment, and his 14 details were passed on to Operation Smile Colombia. The charity provided free, safe operations for those born with clefts like Pedro, who could not otherwise 15 or afford medical care.
A few months later, after a comprehension health 16 conducted in the renewal medical center, Pedro proved to be an ideal candidate for 17 , Luckily, Pedro’s operation went very 18 and after an hour, he was safely back in the recovery room. After the operation, when Marbelis first saw him, she 19 in excitement, “How handsome my son is!” Charity and kindness are global, and it’s a real surprise that Pedro’s 20 has been improved in a foreign land.
17．A．brought out B．pointed out C．fled from D．recovered from
18．A．academy B．exhibition C．bank D．shelter
19．A．schools B．hospitals C．camps D．families
20．A．untreated B．impossible C．damaged D．mature
21．A．successful B．determined C．stupid D．confused
22．A．gathered B．picked C．met D．given
23．A．economic B．athletic C．medical D．racial
24．A．eat B．study C．end D．struggle
25．A．tried B．persuaded C．taught D．struck
26．A．sensitive B．fortunate C．afraid D．hesitant
27．A．avoided B．cured C．bore D．cut
28．A．Thankfully B．Honestly C．Partly D．Vaguely
29．A．power B．need C．pity D．fame
30．A．health B．safety C．operation D．action
31．A．reject B．confirm C．access D．offer
32．A．exercise B．experiment C．evaluation D．emergency
33．A．discrimination B．beauty C．trouble D．surgery
34．A．smoothly B．blindly C．blankly D．fluently
35．A．escaped B．screamed C．explained D．listened
36．A．level B．patience C．willing D．image
四、短文填空
37．Animals do have their own languages just as humans do. Scientists who study the evolution of language say wild chimpanzees(黑猩猩) have a more complex communication system①_________ past research has shown. The researchers say the animals use over ten kinds of calls②_________ can be combined into hundreds of different orders.
The study team made 4,800 recordings of calls produced by members of three groups of chimpanzees③_________ (live) in Ivory Coast’s National Park. It’s one of the last important④_________ (area) of old-growth tropical forest in West Africa and home to a variety of plants and animals, Chimpanzees stay the closest to humans. They are⑤_________ (intelligence) and sociable. Chimpanzees make and use tools and can⑥_________ (teach) a small amount of human sign language.
Scientists⑦_________ (know) that chimpanzees use different calls in⑧_________ wild since a long time ago. But the new study helped people⑨_________ (far)understand the animals’ communication. Cedric was the lead writer of the study. He spoke of the chimpanzee calls, “It is not a language but it is among the most complex forms of communication⑩_________ (describe) in a nonhuman world.” It can be seen that the secrets of nature are still waiting for human beings to explore.
五、短文改错
38．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Last weekend, my mom went to the market and buys vegetables for 10 yuan. For any reason, my mom failed to pay by phone. What’s worse, she had no cashes on her. Fortunately, the seller was kind enough to let my mom to pay for them next time. The next day, my mom got to the market regardless of the heavy rain, and no one gathered there. After another day, my mom spent a long time look for the seller, and she finally found him. When my mom handed the money to him, he couldn’t be so grateful and praised her honesty. Mom said she just repaid his trust for her. From the thing, I’ve learned trust is two-way street and what it is trust between people that makes the world a better place.
六、书面表达
39．你校英语报正在举办题为“How to Relax in Spare Time”的英语作文比赛。请你写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1.常见的课余放松方式；2.你的课余放松方式及其对你的影响。
注意：1.词数100左右；2.题目已为你写好。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1．答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据Highlights部分的第五点“Unlimited bottles of drinking water and small local snacks are available at no charge.(免费提供无限量的饮用水和当地小吃)”可知，免费提供无限量的瓶装水和当地的小点心是本次北京一日游的亮点之一。故选B。
2．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据Tour Price表格中的信息可知，成人（大于11岁）收费89美元，儿童（3-11岁）收费79美元，根据Booking Policy部分的第一点“Baby Price. This tour is free of charge for a child under 3 years old.(婴儿价格。这次旅行对3岁以下的儿童是免费的)”可知，两个成年人和一个不足三岁的儿童的票价是89＋89＋0=178美元。故选C。
3．答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据 Booking Polic部分的第四点“Cancellation：Your payment can be fully refunded (退还) if you cancel more than 24 hours prior to the trip. If you cancel the order within 24 hours or any unused portion after the day imp begins、your payment cannot be refunded.(取消：如果你想要全额退款，你应在该旅游开始前至少24小时提出退款申请)”可知，如果你想要全额退款，你应在该旅游开始前至少24小时提出退款申请。故选A。
4．答案：A
解析：词句猜测题。根据划线词下文the words and contents of the books, which can sharpen my minds(书中的单词和内容,这可以使我的分钟变得更加敏锐)可知,划线单词所在句子,I like to analyze and ponder over the words and contents of the books, which can sharpen my mind.的意思是:我喜欢分析和思考书中的文字和内容,这可以使他的头脑变得清晰。故ponder over意为"考虑,琢磨"。A.Think over.仔细想想;B.Speak out.大声说出来;C.Cut down.减少;D.Take over.接管。故选A。
5．答案：C
解析：段落大意题。根据第二段When I read the book Intrinsic Motivation(《内在动机》), I ask myself, “What kind of book is it ” Well, first of all, I have to say Dan Pink writes well, which is probably not surprising as he is a speechwriter for an American leader. The text is neither academically difficult nor overly casual. It states information clearly without effort. The subject matter of the book is motivation, and it starts with a discussion of how external motivation is less effective for modern knowledge work, where wide intelligent decision-making and innovation are essential.(当我读《内在动机》这本书时,我问自己:“这是一本什么样的书 ”首先,我不得不说丹·平克文笔很好,这可能并不奇怪,因为他是一位美国领导人的演讲撰稿人。这本书在学术上既不困难,也不过于随意。它毫不费力就能清楚地陈述信息。这本书的主题是激励,它首先讨论了外部激励在现代知识工作中是如何不那么有效的,而在现代知识工作中,广泛的智能决策和创新是必不可少的)可知,第二段主要谈论了作者对《内在动机》从文笔到内容的理解。故选C。
6．答案：A
解析：论证方式题。根据第三段The book shows that the tricky nature of how we are truly motivated is uncovered with plenty of examples and descriptions of sound research. For example, it is shown how payment can signal that a task is undesirable and so reduce intrinsic motivation.(这本书通过大量的例子和对合理研究的描述,揭示了我们如何真正被激励的棘手本质。例如,研究表明,报酬可以表明一项任务不受欢迎,从而降低内在动机)可知,《内在动机》主要通过举例来阐述内在动机的实质。A.By giving examples.通过举例说明;B.By making assumptions.通过做出假设;C.By drawing comparisons.通过比较;D.By listing statistics.通过列出统计数据。故选A。
7．答案：D
解析：文章类型题。文章主要评论了《内在动机》一书以及带给作者的感受。由此可推知,本文是一篇书评。A.A news report.一篇新闻报道;B.A biography.传记;C.A novel.一部小说;D.A book review.书评。故选D。
8．答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的His team surveyed 50 grandmothers each with one biological grandchild between 3 and 12 years old and one of their own child.(他的团队调查了50位祖母,每个祖母都有一个3至12岁的亲生孙子和一个自己的孩子。)可知,参与者的家庭有祖母,孙子以及祖母自己的孩子,所以研究对象中至少有祖孙三代人。故选B。
9．答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的"That suggests that grandmothers tend to feel what their grandchildren are feeling when they interact with them," Rilling said. "If their grandchild is smiling, they're feeling the child's joy. And if their grandchild is crying, they're feeling the child's pain and sorrow."("这表明祖母在与孙子孙女互动时往往会感受到他们的感受,"Rilling说。"如果他们的孙子在微笑,他们就会感受到孩子的快乐。如果他们的孙子在哭泣,他们就会感受到孩子的痛苦和悲伤。")可知,Rilling谈到了祖母和孙辈之间的情感互动:祖母的喜怒哀乐与孙辈的喜怒哀乐相关。故选B。
10．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句In many societies, grandmothers are important caregivers, and their investment is often associated with improving their grandchildren's well-being.(在许多社会中,祖母是重要的照顾者,她们的投资往往与改善孙辈的福祉有关。)以及最后一段中It's part of the reason why the US celebrates Grandparents' Day each year on the first Sunday after Labor Day in September. The announcement was signed in 1978.(这也是美国每年在9月劳动节后的第一个星期日庆祝祖父母节的部分原因。该公告于1978年签署。)可知,1978年签署该公告表明了祖父母节来源于祖父母对孙辈们的关爱。故选C。
11．答案：D
解析：标题概括题。阅读全文,并根据第一段中的Researchers found that grandmothers viewing their grandchild's pictures activated parts of the brain that involved emotional empathy(共鸣) and movement.(研究人员发现,祖母观看孙子的照片会激活大脑中涉及情感同理心和运动的部分。)和第二段第一句In contrast, the study also found that when grandmothers viewed images of their adult child, they showed stronger activation in an area of the brain associated with cognitive(认知的) empathy.相比之下,该研究还发现,当祖母观看成年子女的图像时,她们在与认知同理心相关的大脑区域中表现出更强的激活。)可知,第一、二段介绍的是对祖母与孙辈的情感关系的研究;根据倒数第二段中In many societies, grandmothers are important caregivers, and their investment is often associated with improving their grandchildren's well-being.(在许多社会中,祖母是重要的照顾者,她们的投资往往与改善孙辈的福祉有关。)和最后一段It's part of the reason why the US celebrates Grandparents' Day each year on the first Sunday after Labor Day in September.(这也是美国每年在9月劳动节后的第一个星期日庆祝祖父母节的部分原因。)可知,后两段介绍的是祖母对孙辈的照料有助于改善孙辈的福祉,美国还为此设立了祖父母节。综合以上内容可以推断,本文主要讲述的是祖母与孙辈的亲密关系。选项D"祖母与孙辈有着深厚的感情"符合文章主旨,适合做文章标题,故选D。
12．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“Hitting net zero emissions by 2050, a target set at the COP26 summit, could be achieved more quickly using city digital twins—working virtual replicas (复制品) that help track, manage and reduce environmental damage rapidly. (到2050年实现COP26峰会设定的净零排放目标，可以通过使用城市数字孪生技术——运行的虚拟复制品来更快地实现，这有助于快速跟踪、管理和减少环境破坏)”可知，城市数字孪生技术可以帮助快速跟踪、处理和减少环境破坏的问题。故选D。
13．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“The United Nations says cities, the most suitable subjects, which occupy less than two percent of the Earth’s surface, are major contributors to climate change, consuming almost 80 percent of the world’s energy and producing more than 60 percent of greenhouse gas emissions. (联合国说，城市是最合适的研究对象，城市只占地球表面不到2%的面积，是气候变化的主要原因，消耗了全球近80%的能源，产生了60%以上的温室气体排放)”可知，城市消耗了世界近80%的能源并产生了60%以上的温室气体，所以城市最适合使用数字孪生技术。故选D。
14．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“ Similar technologies have been in use since NASA’s Apollo moon mission in 1969, where computers and machine replicas were used to test and monitor spacecraft. (自1969年NASA组织实施“Apollo登月计划”以来，类似数字孪生技术的方法一直在使用，当时是使用计算机和机器复制品来测试和监测航天器)”可知，文中提及“Apollo登月计划”是为了解释数字孪生技术的实际应用。故选C。
15．答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Michael Jansen说的话““They are the perfect tool for managing and accelerating the energy transition,” said CEO Michael Jansen. “We could get to net zero emissions globally by 2035.” (该公司首席执行官Michael Jansen表示:“它们是管理和加速能源转型的完美工具。到2035年，我们可以实现全球净零排放。”)”可知该项技术是实用并具有前景的。故选B。
16．答案：①-⑤CAFGE
解析：①上文“Some people believe that drawing random patterns and designs during meetings and lectures shows you aren’t listening or paying attention.(有些人认为，在会议和讲座期间随意绘制图案和设计表明你没有认真听讲或注意力不集中)”指出有人认为涂鸦是有坏处的，下文“They show that doodling may be beneficial.(它们表明涂鸦可能是有益的)”指出涂鸦是有好处的，和上文形式转折关系，因此空处应该引起下文，指出实际上情况正好相反，C项“However, there are studies which claim the opposite.(然而，有些研究声称情况正好相反)”符合语境，下文的they指代C项中的studies。故选C。
②下文“It used to be seen as a product of absent-mindedness. However, a modern article on the Harvard University website has discussed the idea that random drawings may assist you in keeping memory and focus.(它过去被视为心不在焉的产物。然而，哈佛大学网站上的一篇现代文章讨论了随机绘画可以帮助你保持记忆和注意力的想法)”指出过去和现在人们对涂鸦的看法，这说明涂鸦一直都存在，A项“Doodling is universal from the past to the present.(从过去到现在，涂鸦是普遍存在的)”符合语境，引起下文，其中the past呼应下文的used，the present呼应下文的modern。故选A。
③上文“A 2009 study conducted by psychologist Jackie Andrade asked 40 people to listen to a “dull and odd” voice message.(心理学家Jackie Andrade在2009年进行了一项研究，让40个人听一段“枯燥而古怪”的语音信息)”指出心理学家Jackie Andrade在2009年进行了一项研究，先让40个人听一段“枯燥而古怪”的语音信息，空处应承接上文，继续描述研究内容，F项“Half of the group were asked to doodle and shade in a picture.(一半的受试者被要求在一张照片上涂鸦和遮阴)”符合语境，且下文中的Those people与F项中的Halfof the group呼应。故选F。
④上文“An artist known as Mr Doodle has made a career out of his doodles(一位名叫Mr Doodle的艺术家以他的涂鸦为生)”指出Mr Doodle以涂鸦为生，空处应该承接上文，进一步解释上文内容——Mr Doodle 的涂鸦生涯。G项“He sells his artworks online and also decorates people’s houses.(他在网上卖艺术品，也装饰别人的房子)”符合语境，故选G。
⑤下文“So next time you see staff members casually drawing pictures during a meeting, it may be a sign that they are listening more than you think.(因此，下次你看到员工在会议期间漫不经心地画画时，这可能是一个信号，表明他们比你想象中听得更多)”指出如果员工在会议期间涂鸦，这可能表明他们在集中精力听会，由此可知，空处应该引起下文，E项“Employees begin to be taught how to doodle in the workplace.(员工开始学习如何在工作场所涂鸦)”符合语境，和下文是顺承关系，因为员工学习了如何在工作场所涂鸦，所以如果看到员工在开会期间涂鸦，这可能表明他们在认真听讲，其中Employees和下文中的staff members意思一致。故选E。
17．答案：C
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：由于委内瑞拉频繁发生自然灾害，佩德罗一家逃离委内瑞拉，越过边境来到哥伦比亚的一个避难所，那里住着许多无家可归的人。A. brought out出版，生产；B. pointed out指出；C. fled from逃离；D. recovered from恢复。根据句中的“because of frequent natural disasters and moved across the border to a(n)____2____in Colombia, where many homeless people stayed”可知，委内瑞拉的佩德罗一家因为国内频繁的自然灾难前往了哥伦比亚的一个避难所，说明他们从自己的国家逃离（fled from）。故选C项。
18．答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于委内瑞拉频繁发生自然灾害，佩德罗一家逃离委内瑞拉，越过边境来到哥伦比亚的一个避难所，那里住着许多无家可归的人。A. academy学院；B. exhibition展览；C. bank银行；D. shelter庇护所，收容所。根据句中的“where many homeless people stayed”可知，这里都是无家可归者，是一个收容所（shelter）。故选D项。
19．答案：B
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：当地的两家医院只能在紧急情况下治疗无家可归者，他们不治疗就算是像唇裂这种可能致命的疾病。A. schools学校；B. hospitals医院；C. camps营地；D. families家庭。根据句中的treat the homeless，以及下文“____12____, just a few weeks after the family moved to a new home, another local hospital worker know Pedro and his____13____for the cleft treatment, and his____14____details were passed on to Operation Smile Colombia. (值得庆幸的是，就在这家人搬到新家的几周后，当地另一家医院的工作人员知道了佩德罗和他对唇裂治疗的需求，他的健康细节被转给了‘哥伦比亚微笑行动’。)”可知，hospital为复现词，能治病的地方是医院（hospitals）。故选B项。
20．答案：A
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当地的两家医院只能在紧急情况下治疗无家可归者，他们不治疗就算是像唇裂这种可能致命的疾病。A. untreated未经治疗的；B. impossible不可能的；C. damaged损坏的；D. mature成熟的。根据上半句“only had the capacity to treat the homeless in emergency situations”可知，这两个医院的医疗条件有限，使唇裂这种可能致命的疾病处于没有接受治疗的（untreated）状态。故选A项。
21．答案：B
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：佩德罗的母亲马贝利斯是一位文静而坚定的女人，她愿意为家人做任何事。A. successful成功的；B. determined下定决心的，坚定的；C. stupid愚蠢的；D. confused困惑的。根据下句“would do anything for her family. Marbelis had never____6____up any hope of finding Pedro the____7____help he so badly needed. (愿意为家人做任何事情，马伯利斯从未放弃为佩德罗找到他急需的医疗帮助的任何希望。)”可知，她从没放弃为孩子治疗的希望，说明她是一个坚定的（determined）人。故选B项。
22．答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：马伯利斯从未放弃为佩德罗找到他急需的医疗帮助的任何希望。A. gathered（up）收集；B. picked（up）捡起，习得；C. met（up）偶遇；D. given（up）放弃。根据上文“Pedro’s mother, Marbelis. a quiet but____5____woman, would do anything for her family. (佩德罗的母亲马贝利斯是一位文静而坚定的女人，她愿意为家人做任何事。)”可知，一个意志坚定的人，不会放弃（give up）自己坚持的事。故选D项。
23．答案：C
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：马伯利斯从未放弃为佩德罗找到他急需的医疗帮助的任何希望。A. economic经济的；B. athletic运动的；C. medical医学的；D. racial种族的。根据第一段的第一句“Every three minutes a child like Pedro was born with cleft lips (唇裂). (每三分钟就有一个像佩德罗这样的兔唇婴儿出生)”可知，佩德罗生来唇裂，需要得到医疗（medical）帮助。故选C项。
24．答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：多年来，她一直看着自己的小儿子在生活中挣扎。A. eat吃；B. study研究；C. end结束；D. struggle奋斗。根据第一段的第一句“Every three minutes a child like Pedro was born with cleft lips (唇裂). (每三分钟就有一个像佩德罗这样的兔唇婴儿出生)”，以及下文“Pedro was____10____to avoid the severe health problems that could be caused by the cleft, but he____11____the emotional scars of discrimination. (佩德罗很幸运地避免了唇裂可能引起的严重健康问题，但他承受了歧视带来的情感创伤。)”可知，佩德罗生来就要和唇裂这个疾病以及因疾病带来的社会歧视抗争（struggle）。故选D项。
25．答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：无论她多么努力，她都几乎无法帮助他。A. tried试图；B. persuaded劝说；C. taught教导；D. struck打击。根据上文“Pedro’s mother, Marbelis. a quiet but____5____woman, would do anything for her family. Marbelis had never____6____up any hope of finding Pedro the____7____help he so badly needed. (佩德罗的母亲马贝利斯是一位文静而坚定的女人，她愿意为家人做任何事。马伯利斯从未放弃为佩德罗找到他急需的医疗帮助的任何希望。)”可知，马贝利斯一直在试图（tried）寻找治疗唇裂的希望，但收效甚微。故选A项。
26．答案：B
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：佩德罗很幸运地避免了唇裂可能引起的严重健康问题，但他承受了歧视带来的情感创伤。A. sensitive敏感的；B. fortunate幸运的；C. afraid害怕的；D. hesitant犹豫不决的。根据句中的“the severe health problems that could be caused by the cleft”可知，唇裂会导致其他的重病，但是佩德罗没有出现这个问题，实属幸运（fortunate）。故选B项。
27．答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：佩德罗很幸运地避免了唇裂可能引起的严重健康问题，但他承受了歧视带来的情感创伤。A. avoided避免；B. cured治愈；C. bore承受；D. cut切割。根据上文“For years, she had been watching her little boy____8____in life. (多年来，她一直看着自己的小儿子在生活中挣扎。)”，以及本句中的“the emotional scars of discrimination”可知，因为先天唇裂，佩德罗会被歧视，小小年纪就要承受（bore）这些情感创伤。故选C项。
28．答案：A
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：值得庆幸的是，就在这家人搬到新家的几周后，当地医院的另一名工作人员知道了佩德罗和他对唇裂治疗的需求，他的健康细节被转给了“哥伦比亚微笑行动”。A. Thankfully感激地, 万幸的是；B. Honestly诚实地；C. Partly部分地；D. Vaguely模糊地。根据上文“No matter how hard she____9____, there was little she could do to help him. (无论她多么努力，她都无法帮助他。)”，以及下文“The charity provided free, safe operations for those born with clefts like Pedro, who could not otherwise____15____or afford medical care. (该慈善机构为像佩德罗这样天生就有唇腭裂的人提供免费、安全的手术，否则他们无法获得或负担得起医疗护理。)”可知，有医院可以为佩德罗免费治疗唇裂，这是一件万幸的（Thankfully）事。故选A项。
29．答案：B
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：值得庆幸的是，就在这家人搬到新家的几周后，当地医院的另一名工作人员知道了佩德罗和他对唇裂治疗的需求，他的健康细节被转给了“哥伦比亚微笑行动”。A. power权力；B. need需要；C. pity怜悯；D. fame名声。根据上文“Marbelis had never____6____up any hope of finding Pedro the____7____help he so badly needed. (马伯利斯从未放弃为佩德罗找到他急需的医疗帮助的任何希望。)”可知，唇裂需要（need）动手术。故选B项。
30．答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：值得庆幸的是，就在这家人搬到新家的几周后，当地医院的另一名工作人员知道了佩德罗和他对唇裂治疗的需求，他的健康细节被转给了“哥伦比亚微笑行动”。A. health健康状况；B. safety安全；C. operation操作，手术；D. action行动。根据下文“The charity provided free, safe operations for those born with clefts like Pedro, who could not otherwise____15____or afford medical care. (该慈善机构为像佩德罗这样天生就有唇腭裂的人提供免费、安全的手术，否则他们无法获得或负担得起医疗护理。)”可知，唇裂需要手术，术前医生得掌握患儿的具体的健康状况（health），以确定是否合适手术，何时手术，如何手术。故选A项。
31．答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：该慈善机构为像佩德罗这样天生就有唇腭裂的人提供免费、安全的手术，否则他们无法获得或负担得起医疗护理。A. reject拒绝；B. confirm确认；C. access通道，获得的机会；D. offer提供。根据上文“ The charity provided free, safe operations for those born with clefts like Pedro(该慈善机构为像佩德罗这样天生就有唇腭裂的人提供免费、安全的手术)”以及下文的otherwise可知，如果不是该慈善机构提供免费、安全的手术，他们不能获得或者负担得起这种医疗救助。故选C项。
32．答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：几个月后，在这个更新了的医疗中心进行全面健康评估后，佩德罗被证明是做外科手术的理想人选。A. exercise练习；B. experiment实验；C. evaluation评估；D. emergency紧急情况。根据句中“proved to be an ideal candidate for____17____”可知，手术前医生会对患者进行术前评估。故选C项。
33．答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：几个月后，在这个更新了的医疗中心进行全面健康评估后，佩德罗被证明是做外科手术的理想人选。A. discrimination歧视；B. beauty美貌；C. trouble麻烦；D. surgery手术。根据下文“Luckily, Pedro’s operation went very ____18____and after an hour, he was safely back in the recovery room. (幸运的是，佩德罗的手术进行得非常顺利，一个小时后，他安全回到了恢复室。)”可知，评估后，佩德罗进行了手术，说明他当时的身体状况适合动手术（surgery）。故选D项。
34．答案：A
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，佩德罗的手术进行得非常顺利，一个小时后，他安全回到了恢复室。A. smoothly顺利地；B. blindly盲目地；C. blankly茫然地；D. fluently流利地。根据句中“after an hour, he was safely back in the recovery room”可知，手术顺利（smoothly）。故选A项。
35．答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：手术后，马伯利斯第一次见到他时，她兴奋地尖叫起来，“我儿子多帅啊！”。A. escaped逃离；B. screamed尖叫；C. explained解释；D. listened倾听。根据下文“How handsome my son is!”可知，马伯利斯看到术后的佩德罗的容貌，内心激动，所以会尖叫（screamed）。故选B项。
36．答案：D
解析：考查名词、形容词词义辨析。句意：慈善和善良是全球性的，佩德罗的形象在异国他乡得到了改善，这真是令人惊讶的。A. level水平；B. patience耐心；C. willing愿意；D. image形象。根据上文“How handsome my son is! (我儿子多帅啊！)”可知，佩德罗的唇裂问题得以修复，形象（image）得以改善。故选D项。
37．答案：①than②that/which③living④areas⑤intelligent⑥be taught⑦have known⑧the⑨further⑩described
解析：①考查介词。句意：研究语言进化的科学家说，野生黑猩猩的交流系统比过去的研究显示的要复杂得多。根据上文中的 more可知，此处应该是比较级句式。故填than。
②考查定语从句。句意：研究人员表示，这种动物使用十多种叫声，这些叫声可以组合成数百个不同的目。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句修饰先行词calls，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
③考查非谓语动词。句意：研究小组对生活在科特迪瓦国家公园的三组黑猩猩进行了4800次通话录音。分析句子结构可知，live和其逻辑主语chimpanzees之间是主动关系，故此处应该用现在分词，作定语。故填living。
④考查名词单复数。句意：它是西非原始热带森林最后的重要地区之一，是各种动植物的家园。黑猩猩是离人类最近的动物。area为可数名词，且one of the＋名词复数。故填areas。
⑤考查形容词。句意：它们聪明又善于交际。根据下文中的 sociable 可知，此处应该用形容词作表语。故填intelligent。
⑥考查语态。句意：黑猩猩能制造和使用工具，还能学会少量的人类手语。该句主语和 teach 之间是动宾关系，故can后面应该用被动语态。故填be taught。
⑦考查时态。句意：很久以前，科学家们就知道野生黑猩猩使用不同的叫声。根据下文中的时间状语 since a long time ago可知，此处应该用现在完成时。主语为复数，谓语为复数。故填have known。
⑧考查冠词。句意：很久以前，科学家们就知道野生黑猩猩使用不同的叫声。in the wild意为“在野外”。故填the。
⑨考查副词。句意：但这项新研究帮助人们进一步了解动物的交流方式。此处应该用副词further修饰动词，意为“进一步”。故填further。
⑩考查非谓语动词。句意：它不是一种语言，但它是非人类世界中最复杂的交流形式之一。分析句子结构可知，describe和其逻辑主语communication之间是被动关系，故此处应该用过去分词作定语。故填described 。
38．答案：
Last weekend, my mom went to the market and vegetables for 10 yuan. For reason, my mom failed to pay by phone. What’s worse, she had no on her. Fortunately, the seller was kind enough to let my mom pay for them next time. The next day, my mom got to the market regardless of the heavy rain, no one gathered there. After another day, my mom spent a long time for the seller, and she finally found him. When my mom handed the money to him, he couldn’t be grateful and praised her honesty. Mom said she just repaid his trust her. From the thing, I’ve learned trust is two-way street and it is trust between people that makes the world a better place.
解析：①考查时态。句意：上周末，我妈妈去市场买了10元钱的蔬菜。根据时间状语Last weekend可知，此处应该用一般过去时。故将buys改为bought。
②考查固定搭配。句意：不知道为什么，我妈妈没能用手机支付。for some reason固定搭配，意为“不知为何”。故将any改为some。
③考查不可数名词。句意：更糟的是，她身上没带现金。cash是不可数名词，没有复数形式。故将cashes改为cash。
④考查非谓语动词。句意：幸运的是，卖家心很好，让我妈妈下次付钱。let 意为“让”，是使役动词，let sb. do(让某人做)，其后用不带to的动词不定式作宾补。故删除pay前的to。
⑤考查连词。句意：第二天，妈妈不顾大雨去了市场，但是没有一个人聚集在那里。根据句意可知，此处前后两个句子之间是转折关系，应用连词but。故将and改为but。
⑥考查非谓语动词。句意：又过了一天，妈妈花了很长时间寻找卖家，终于找到了。spend a long time (in) doing sth 意为“花很长时间做某事”，应用动名词作介词in的宾语。故将look改为looking。
⑦考查固定搭配。句意：当妈妈把钱交给他时，他感激不尽，称赞妈妈的诚实。否定词与too或形容词比较级连用时，为肯定意义，意为“再……也不为过”，grateful的比较级为more grateful。故将so改为too/more。
⑧考查介词。句意：妈妈说她刚刚回报了他对她的信任。trust后面与介词in搭配，trust in sb.“对某人的信任”。故将for改为in。
⑨考查冠词。句意：从这件事中，我明白了信任是双向的，而正是人与人之间的信任让世界变得更美好。street是可数名词，故此处应该用不定冠词，且two发音是以辅音音素开头，应用a。a two-way street 意为“一种双向道”。故在two-way前加 a。
⑩考查名词性从句。句意：从这件事中，我明白了信任是双向的，而正是人与人之间的信任让世界变得更美好。分析句子结构可知，此处and连接了两个宾语从句，且and后面的宾语从句不缺少任何成分意义完整，应用that引导，第一个that可以省略，第二个that不能省略。故将what改为that。
39．答案：
How to Relax in Spare Time
It’s known to all that as students at high school, we’re full of pressure. So we should choose some ways to get the best out of relaxing in our spare time. Some common ways include exercise, meditation and reading which contribute to working better afterwards.
As for me, my favorite relaxing way is to listen to music. I like to sing along with soft music and even dance to it while feeling stressed. Surprisingly, when I am lost in the music, I feel a sense of pleasure and peace. Music does stimulate my thinking ability and refresh my memory. As a result, I study more effectively and confidently.
解析：1.词汇积累
压力：pressure→stress
有效的：effectively→efficiently
有压力的：stressed→stressful
激发：stimulate→motivate
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Music does stimulate my thinking ability and refresh my memory.
拓展句：It is music that stimulates my thinking ability and refresh my memory.
【点睛】[高分句型1] It’s known to all that as students at high school, we’re full of pressure. (运用了主语从句)
[高分句型2] Some common ways include exercise, meditation and reading which contribute to working better afterwards. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)
学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
A One-day Tour of Beijing
Highlights
●A mini group of only 1 to 6 guests, with more personal service.
●Price Beat Guarantee: The 100% lowest fare is here! We beat any price of identical tour services.
●VIP privilege of fast entry to the 600-year-old Forbidden City.
●Smartly hike the Great Wall in the afternoon to avoid the crowds. Ensure at least 2.5 hours to thoroughly enjoy the Great Wall views.
●Unlimited bottles of drinking water and small local snacks are available at no charge.
●In-depth commentary and photography inspirations are offered by your professional English-speaking guide.
●No shopping diversions, no factory stores, no tea ceremony, no shopping site restaurant. Avoid wasting time at any shopping stop. That’s also the reason why we can include more attractions than others.
Tour Price (US$ Per Person)
Adult (>11 years old) $89
Child (3-11 years old) $79
Booking Policy●Baby Price. This tour is free of charge for a child under 3 years old.
●Confirmation: Upon receiving your booking request, confirmation will be sent within 12 hours.
●Payment: Full payment is required at least two days prior to the day trip. We accept payment by PnyPal. Credit Card、Alipay、Wechat and Bank Transfer.
●Cancellation: Your payment can be fully refunded(退还)if you cancel more than 24 hours prior to the trip. If you cancel the order within 24 hours or any unused portion after the day imp begins、your payment cannot be refunded.
●Departures are guaranteed with two persons.
●Guests under 80 can participate in this mini group tour.
1．Which is one of the highlights of the tour
A．It’s the richest of its kind.
B．It includes some free food.
C．It guarantees the best shopping experience.
D．It ensures unlimited time to view the Great Wall.
2．How much should a couple with a two-year-old kid pay for the tour
A．$89. B．$168. C．$178. D．$257.
3．What should you do if you want to get a full refund on the tour
A．Apply at least one day before the tour.
B．Cancel the order when the tour begins.
C．Send your cancellation request after the tour.
D．Show your booking request when the tour begins.
I am a boy who likes reading and I read all kinds of books. When I do this, I have ended up with two speeds-fast and slow depending on how worthwhile I find the book. I like to analyze and ponder over the words and contents of the books, which can sharpen my mind.
When I read the book Intrinsic Motivation(《内在动机》), I ask myself, “What kind of book is it ” Well, first of all, I have to say Dan Pink writes well, which is probably not surprising as he is a speechwriter for an American leader. The text is neither academically difficult nor overly casual. It states information clearly without effort. The subject matter of the book is motivation, and it starts with a discussion of how external motivation is less effective for modern knowledge work, where wide intelligent decision-making and innovation are essential.
The book shows that the tricky nature of how we are truly motivated is uncovered with plenty of examples and descriptions of sound research. For example, it is shown how payment can signal that a task is undesirable and so reduce intrinsic motivation. The heart of the book is the analysis of intrinsic motivation, in particular through the three key elements of autonomy, mastery and purpose. The rest of the book then takes an applied position, showing how these principles can be applied in the workplace. The book ends up with a comprehensive summary, covering the contents from several different angles and providing an easy future reference.
This is the sort of book I like most. Unsurprisingly, perhaps, I took quite a long time to read and re-read this excellent book. It covers the subject of motivation strongly and well, and is now one of my definitive references in a rather large library.
4．What does the underlined phrase "ponder over" in paragraph 1 mean
A.Think about. B.Speak out. C.Cut down. D. Take over.
5．What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A. The effects of external motivation.
B. The elements of worthwhile books.
C.The author's understanding of the book.
D. The author's intelligence for reading books.
6．How does the book mainly expand on the nature of intrinsic motivation
A.By highlighting instances. B.By making assumptions.
C.By drawing comparisons. D.By listing statistics.
7．What is the text
A.A news report. B.A biography.
C.A novel. D.A book review.
James Rilling of Emory University in Atlanta published the study in The Royal Society in November, 2021. His team surveyed 50 grandmothers each with one biological grandchild be-tween 3 and 12 years old and one of their own child. They also measured the brain function as the participants viewed pictures of their grandchild and the same-sex parent of the grandchild. Researchers found that grandmothers viewing their grandchild's pictures activated parts of the brain that involved emotional empathy(共鸣) and movement.
In contrast, the study also found that when grandmothers viewed images of their adult child, they showed stronger activation in an area of the brain associated with cognitive(认知的) empathy. That indicates they may be trying to cognitively understand what their adult child is thinking or feeling and why, but not as much from the emotional pared with results from an earlier study by the Rilling lab of fathers viewing photos of their children, results showed that grandmothers activated more parts of the brain that involved emotional empathy and motivation.
“That suggests that grandmothers tend to feel what their grandchildren are feeling when they interact with them,” Rilling said, “If their grandchild is smiling, they're feeling the child's joy. And if their grandchild is crying, they're feeling the child's pain and sorrow.” In many societies, grandmothers are important caregivers, and their investment is often associated with improving their grandchildren's well-being.
It's part of the reason why the US celebrates Grandparents' Day each year on the first Sunday after Labor Day in September. The announcement was signed in 1978. “Because grandparents are usually free to love, guide and befriend the young without having to take the daily responsibility for them, they can reach out past pride and fear of failure and close the space between generations,” the announcement read.
8．How many generations were there at least in the participants' families
A.2. B.3. C.4. D.5.
9．What did Rilling say about grandmothers and their grandchildren in paragraph 3
A. Their cognitive abilities. B. Their emotional interaction.
C. Their respective preferences. D. Their important characteristics.
10．What did the 1978 announcement show
A. The fear of grandparents. B. Grandparents' Day activities.
C. The origin of Grandparents' Day. D. Grandparents' responsibilities.
11．What can be the best title for the text
A. Grandmothers Are More Likely to Be Emotional
B. Grandmothers Empathize with Their Own Children
C. Grandmothers Have Generation Gaps with Grandchildren
D. Grandmothers Hold Deep Bond with Grandchildren
Cities are the planet’s largest sources of greenhouse gas emissions (排放), so they offer the greatest opportunity to tackle climate change. Hitting net zero emissions by 2050, a target set at the COP26 summit, could be achieved more quickly using city digital twins—working virtual replicas (复制品) that help track, manage and reduce environmental damage rapidly.
The United Nations says cities, the most suitable subjects, which occupy less than two percent of the Earth’s surface, are major contributors to climate change, consuming almost 80 percent of the world’s energy and producing more than 60 percent of greenhouse gas emissions. Urban areas are forecast to grow by another 2.5 billion people by 2050.
Digital twins look and behave identically in their real-world physical environments. Similar technologies have been in use since NASA’s Apollo moon mission in 1969, where computers and machine replicas were used to test and monitor spacecraft. Virtual 3D city models link to networks of sensors that collect data from buildings, transport, air quality and energy use, to see where emissions can be cut and efficiency improved.
The UK is planning a kind of national digital twins that will connect digital replicas man-aging buildings, factories, and the other infrastructure nationwide. And that could lead to en-tire virtual world online, part of a virtual reality space proposed by tech companies.
Research shows that digital twins can save cities more than $ 280 billion globally by 2030 through more efficient urban planning. A provider of digital twins, City zenith, believes that net zero deadlines could be achieved 15 years early if the world’s 100 biggest cities use the technology to remove carbon. “They are the perfect tool for managing and accelerating the energy transition,” said CEO Michael Jansen. “We could get to net zero emissions globally by 2035.”
In the US. the Digital Twin Consortium is working to standardize how digital twins are built and share data. Big tech companies around the world have developed software for replica-ting cities, including a district of Berlin, the island nation of Singapore, and the entire city of Shanghai in China.
12．What are city digital twins used to do
A．Decorate cities. B．Change cities’ climate.
C．Popularize urban technology. D．Reduce urban carbon emissions.
13．Why are cities chosen for the use of digital twins
A．They occupy most of the Earth’s surface.
B．They consume little of the world’s energy.
C．They produce little of solid waste pollution.
D．They contribute most to the greenhouse effect.
14．Why is the Apollo moon mission mentioned in the text
A．To prove the accuracy of network data.
B．To tell us the importance of space tasks.
C．To explain the application of digital twins.
D．To show the difficulty of urban construction.
15．What can we learn about city digital twins from the last two paragraphs
A．They lack research funding.
B．They are practical and promising.
C．They have reached a standard level.
D．They are complex and unrecognizable.
二、七选五
16．Is Doodling (涂鸦) Good for You
Doodling is drawing lines, shapes, etc, especially when you are bored or thinking about something else. Some people believe that drawing random patterns and designs during meetings and lectures shows you aren’t listening or paying attention. ①_______They show that doodling may be beneficial.
②_______It used to be seen as a product of absent-mindedness. However, a modern article on the Harvard University website has discussed the idea that random drawings may assist you in keeping memory and focus.
The article mentioned above highlights that26 of 44 American presidents were known to Doodle. with Ronald Reagan famous for drawing cowboys. A 2009 study conducted by psychologist Jackie Andrade asked 40 people to listen to a “dull and odd” voice message. ③_______Those people who did were able to recall 29%more of the information contained in the message
Some experts believe that embracing your creative and artistic sides during meetings may keep your mind active. Jesse Prinz, a famous professor of philosophy, actively encourages his students to doodle. He believes that doodling is the “sweet spot of attention”. And it may not just be good for your concentration. An artist known as Mr Doodle has made a career out of his doodles④_______.
So random drawing to aid concentration may be becoming more of a thing. ⑤_______So next time you see staff members casually drawing pictures during a meeting, it may be a sign that they are listening more than you think.
A．Doodling is universal from the past to the present.
B．It is rare to see a college student doodling at present.
C．However, there are studies which claim the opposite.
D．The young weaken their concentration by random drawing.
E．Employees begin to be taught how to doodle in the workplace.
F．Half of the group were asked to doodle and shade in a picture.
G．He sells his artworks online and also decorates people’s houses.
三、完形填空（20空）
Every three minutes a child like Pedro was born with cleft lips (唇裂). This number doesn’t change even today. Pedro’s family 1 Venezuela because of frequent natural disasters and moved across the border to a(n) 2 in Colombia, where many homeless people stayed.
Two local 3 there only had the capacity to treat the homeless in emergency situations, leaving even potentially deadly conditions like deft lips 4 . Pedro’s mother, Marbelis, a quiet but 5 woman, would do anything for her family. Marbelis had never 6 up any hope of finding Pedro the 7 help he so badly needed. For years, she had been watching her little boy 8 in life. No matter how hard she 9 , there was little she could do to help him. But he didn’t suffer from other diseases. Pedro was 10 to avoid the severe health problems that could be caused by the cleft, but he 11 the emotional scars of discrimination.
12 , just a few weeks after the family moved to a new home, another local hospital worker know Pedro and his 13 for the cleft treatment, and his 14 details were passed on to Operation Smile Colombia. The charity provided free, safe operations for those born with clefts like Pedro, who could not otherwise 15 or afford medical care.
A few months later, after a comprehension health 16 conducted in the renewal medical center, Pedro proved to be an ideal candidate for 17 , Luckily, Pedro’s operation went very 18 and after an hour, he was safely back in the recovery room. After the operation, when Marbelis first saw him, she 19 in excitement, “How handsome my son is!” Charity and kindness are global, and it’s a real surprise that Pedro’s 20 has been improved in a foreign land.
17．A．brought out B．pointed out C．fled from D．recovered from
18．A．academy B．exhibition C．bank D．shelter
19．A．schools B．hospitals C．camps D．families
20．A．untreated B．impossible C．damaged D．mature
21．A．successful B．determined C．stupid D．confused
22．A．gathered B．picked C．met D．given
23．A．economic B．athletic C．medical D．racial
24．A．eat B．study C．end D．struggle
25．A．tried B．persuaded C．taught D．struck
26．A．sensitive B．fortunate C．afraid D．hesitant
27．A．avoided B．cured C．bore D．cut
28．A．Thankfully B．Honestly C．Partly D．Vaguely
29．A．power B．need C．pity D．fame
30．A．health B．safety C．operation D．action
31．A．reject B．confirm C．access D．offer
32．A．exercise B．experiment C．evaluation D．emergency
33．A．discrimination B．beauty C．trouble D．surgery
34．A．smoothly B．blindly C．blankly D．fluently
35．A．escaped B．screamed C．explained D．listened
36．A．level B．patience C．willing D．image
四、短文填空
37．Animals do have their own languages just as humans do. Scientists who study the evolution of language say wild chimpanzees(黑猩猩) have a more complex communication system①_________ past research has shown. The researchers say the animals use over ten kinds of calls②_________ can be combined into hundreds of different orders.
The study team made 4,800 recordings of calls produced by members of three groups of chimpanzees③_________ (live) in Ivory Coast’s National Park. It’s one of the last important④_________ (area) of old-growth tropical forest in West Africa and home to a variety of plants and animals, Chimpanzees stay the closest to humans. They are⑤_________ (intelligence) and sociable. Chimpanzees make and use tools and can⑥_________ (teach) a small amount of human sign language.
Scientists⑦_________ (know) that chimpanzees use different calls in⑧_________ wild since a long time ago. But the new study helped people⑨_________ (far)understand the animals’ communication. Cedric was the lead writer of the study. He spoke of the chimpanzee calls, “It is not a language but it is among the most complex forms of communication⑩_________ (describe) in a nonhuman world.” It can be seen that the secrets of nature are still waiting for human beings to explore.
五、短文改错
38．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Last weekend, my mom went to the market and buys vegetables for 10 yuan. For any reason, my mom failed to pay by phone. What’s worse, she had no cashes on her. Fortunately, the seller was kind enough to let my mom to pay for them next time. The next day, my mom got to the market regardless of the heavy rain, and no one gathered there. After another day, my mom spent a long time look for the seller, and she finally found him. When my mom handed the money to him, he couldn’t be so grateful and praised her honesty. Mom said she just repaid his trust for her. From the thing, I’ve learned trust is two-way street and what it is trust between people that makes the world a better place.
六、书面表达
39．你校英语报正在举办题为“How to Relax in Spare Time”的英语作文比赛。请你写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1.常见的课余放松方式；2.你的课余放松方式及其对你的影响。
注意：1.词数100左右；2.题目已为你写好。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1．答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据Highlights部分的第五点“Unlimited bottles of drinking water and small local snacks are available at no charge.(免费提供无限量的饮用水和当地小吃)”可知，免费提供无限量的瓶装水和当地的小点心是本次北京一日游的亮点之一。故选B。
2．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据Tour Price表格中的信息可知，成人（大于11岁）收费89美元，儿童（3-11岁）收费79美元，根据Booking Policy部分的第一点“Baby Price. This tour is free of charge for a child under 3 years old.(婴儿价格。这次旅行对3岁以下的儿童是免费的)”可知，两个成年人和一个不足三岁的儿童的票价是89＋89＋0=178美元。故选C。
3．答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据 Booking Polic部分的第四点“Cancellation：Your payment can be fully refunded (退还) if you cancel more than 24 hours prior to the trip. If you cancel the order within 24 hours or any unused portion after the day imp begins、your payment cannot be refunded.(取消：如果你想要全额退款，你应在该旅游开始前至少24小时提出退款申请)”可知，如果你想要全额退款，你应在该旅游开始前至少24小时提出退款申请。故选A。
4．答案：A
解析：词句猜测题。根据划线词下文the words and contents of the books, which can sharpen my minds(书中的单词和内容,这可以使我的分钟变得更加敏锐)可知,划线单词所在句子,I like to analyze and ponder over the words and contents of the books, which can sharpen my mind.的意思是:我喜欢分析和思考书中的文字和内容,这可以使他的头脑变得清晰。故ponder over意为"考虑,琢磨"。A.Think over.仔细想想;B.Speak out.大声说出来;C.Cut down.减少;D.Take over.接管。故选A。
5．答案：C
解析：段落大意题。根据第二段When I read the book Intrinsic Motivation(《内在动机》), I ask myself, “What kind of book is it ” Well, first of all, I have to say Dan Pink writes well, which is probably not surprising as he is a speechwriter for an American leader. The text is neither academically difficult nor overly casual. It states information clearly without effort. The subject matter of the book is motivation, and it starts with a discussion of how external motivation is less effective for modern knowledge work, where wide intelligent decision-making and innovation are essential.(当我读《内在动机》这本书时,我问自己:“这是一本什么样的书 ”首先,我不得不说丹·平克文笔很好,这可能并不奇怪,因为他是一位美国领导人的演讲撰稿人。这本书在学术上既不困难,也不过于随意。它毫不费力就能清楚地陈述信息。这本书的主题是激励,它首先讨论了外部激励在现代知识工作中是如何不那么有效的,而在现代知识工作中,广泛的智能决策和创新是必不可少的)可知,第二段主要谈论了作者对《内在动机》从文笔到内容的理解。故选C。
6．答案：A
解析：论证方式题。根据第三段The book shows that the tricky nature of how we are truly motivated is uncovered with plenty of examples and descriptions of sound research. For example, it is shown how payment can signal that a task is undesirable and so reduce intrinsic motivation.(这本书通过大量的例子和对合理研究的描述,揭示了我们如何真正被激励的棘手本质。例如,研究表明,报酬可以表明一项任务不受欢迎,从而降低内在动机)可知,《内在动机》主要通过举例来阐述内在动机的实质。A.By giving examples.通过举例说明;B.By making assumptions.通过做出假设;C.By drawing comparisons.通过比较;D.By listing statistics.通过列出统计数据。故选A。
7．答案：D
解析：文章类型题。文章主要评论了《内在动机》一书以及带给作者的感受。由此可推知,本文是一篇书评。A.A news report.一篇新闻报道;B.A biography.传记;C.A novel.一部小说;D.A book review.书评。故选D。
8．答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的His team surveyed 50 grandmothers each with one biological grandchild between 3 and 12 years old and one of their own child.(他的团队调查了50位祖母,每个祖母都有一个3至12岁的亲生孙子和一个自己的孩子。)可知,参与者的家庭有祖母,孙子以及祖母自己的孩子,所以研究对象中至少有祖孙三代人。故选B。
9．答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的"That suggests that grandmothers tend to feel what their grandchildren are feeling when they interact with them," Rilling said. "If their grandchild is smiling, they're feeling the child's joy. And if their grandchild is crying, they're feeling the child's pain and sorrow."("这表明祖母在与孙子孙女互动时往往会感受到他们的感受,"Rilling说。"如果他们的孙子在微笑,他们就会感受到孩子的快乐。如果他们的孙子在哭泣,他们就会感受到孩子的痛苦和悲伤。")可知,Rilling谈到了祖母和孙辈之间的情感互动:祖母的喜怒哀乐与孙辈的喜怒哀乐相关。故选B。
10．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句In many societies, grandmothers are important caregivers, and their investment is often associated with improving their grandchildren's well-being.(在许多社会中,祖母是重要的照顾者,她们的投资往往与改善孙辈的福祉有关。)以及最后一段中It's part of the reason why the US celebrates Grandparents' Day each year on the first Sunday after Labor Day in September. The announcement was signed in 1978.(这也是美国每年在9月劳动节后的第一个星期日庆祝祖父母节的部分原因。该公告于1978年签署。)可知,1978年签署该公告表明了祖父母节来源于祖父母对孙辈们的关爱。故选C。
11．答案：D
解析：标题概括题。阅读全文,并根据第一段中的Researchers found that grandmothers viewing their grandchild's pictures activated parts of the brain that involved emotional empathy(共鸣) and movement.(研究人员发现,祖母观看孙子的照片会激活大脑中涉及情感同理心和运动的部分。)和第二段第一句In contrast, the study also found that when grandmothers viewed images of their adult child, they showed stronger activation in an area of the brain associated with cognitive(认知的) empathy.相比之下,该研究还发现,当祖母观看成年子女的图像时,她们在与认知同理心相关的大脑区域中表现出更强的激活。)可知,第一、二段介绍的是对祖母与孙辈的情感关系的研究;根据倒数第二段中In many societies, grandmothers are important caregivers, and their investment is often associated with improving their grandchildren's well-being.(在许多社会中,祖母是重要的照顾者,她们的投资往往与改善孙辈的福祉有关。)和最后一段It's part of the reason why the US celebrates Grandparents' Day each year on the first Sunday after Labor Day in September.(这也是美国每年在9月劳动节后的第一个星期日庆祝祖父母节的部分原因。)可知,后两段介绍的是祖母对孙辈的照料有助于改善孙辈的福祉,美国还为此设立了祖父母节。综合以上内容可以推断,本文主要讲述的是祖母与孙辈的亲密关系。选项D"祖母与孙辈有着深厚的感情"符合文章主旨,适合做文章标题,故选D。
12．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“Hitting net zero emissions by 2050, a target set at the COP26 summit, could be achieved more quickly using city digital twins—working virtual replicas (复制品) that help track, manage and reduce environmental damage rapidly. (到2050年实现COP26峰会设定的净零排放目标，可以通过使用城市数字孪生技术——运行的虚拟复制品来更快地实现，这有助于快速跟踪、管理和减少环境破坏)”可知，城市数字孪生技术可以帮助快速跟踪、处理和减少环境破坏的问题。故选D。
13．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“The United Nations says cities, the most suitable subjects, which occupy less than two percent of the Earth’s surface, are major contributors to climate change, consuming almost 80 percent of the world’s energy and producing more than 60 percent of greenhouse gas emissions. (联合国说，城市是最合适的研究对象，城市只占地球表面不到2%的面积，是气候变化的主要原因，消耗了全球近80%的能源，产生了60%以上的温室气体排放)”可知，城市消耗了世界近80%的能源并产生了60%以上的温室气体，所以城市最适合使用数字孪生技术。故选D。
14．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“ Similar technologies have been in use since NASA’s Apollo moon mission in 1969, where computers and machine replicas were used to test and monitor spacecraft. (自1969年NASA组织实施“Apollo登月计划”以来，类似数字孪生技术的方法一直在使用，当时是使用计算机和机器复制品来测试和监测航天器)”可知，文中提及“Apollo登月计划”是为了解释数字孪生技术的实际应用。故选C。
15．答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Michael Jansen说的话““They are the perfect tool for managing and accelerating the energy transition,” said CEO Michael Jansen. “We could get to net zero emissions globally by 2035.” (该公司首席执行官Michael Jansen表示:“它们是管理和加速能源转型的完美工具。到2035年，我们可以实现全球净零排放。”)”可知该项技术是实用并具有前景的。故选B。
16．答案：①-⑤CAFGE
解析：①上文“Some people believe that drawing random patterns and designs during meetings and lectures shows you aren’t listening or paying attention.(有些人认为，在会议和讲座期间随意绘制图案和设计表明你没有认真听讲或注意力不集中)”指出有人认为涂鸦是有坏处的，下文“They show that doodling may be beneficial.(它们表明涂鸦可能是有益的)”指出涂鸦是有好处的，和上文形式转折关系，因此空处应该引起下文，指出实际上情况正好相反，C项“However, there are studies which claim the opposite.(然而，有些研究声称情况正好相反)”符合语境，下文的they指代C项中的studies。故选C。
②下文“It used to be seen as a product of absent-mindedness. However, a modern article on the Harvard University website has discussed the idea that random drawings may assist you in keeping memory and focus.(它过去被视为心不在焉的产物。然而，哈佛大学网站上的一篇现代文章讨论了随机绘画可以帮助你保持记忆和注意力的想法)”指出过去和现在人们对涂鸦的看法，这说明涂鸦一直都存在，A项“Doodling is universal from the past to the present.(从过去到现在，涂鸦是普遍存在的)”符合语境，引起下文，其中the past呼应下文的used，the present呼应下文的modern。故选A。
③上文“A 2009 study conducted by psychologist Jackie Andrade asked 40 people to listen to a “dull and odd” voice message.(心理学家Jackie Andrade在2009年进行了一项研究，让40个人听一段“枯燥而古怪”的语音信息)”指出心理学家Jackie Andrade在2009年进行了一项研究，先让40个人听一段“枯燥而古怪”的语音信息，空处应承接上文，继续描述研究内容，F项“Half of the group were asked to doodle and shade in a picture.(一半的受试者被要求在一张照片上涂鸦和遮阴)”符合语境，且下文中的Those people与F项中的Halfof the group呼应。故选F。
④上文“An artist known as Mr Doodle has made a career out of his doodles(一位名叫Mr Doodle的艺术家以他的涂鸦为生)”指出Mr Doodle以涂鸦为生，空处应该承接上文，进一步解释上文内容——Mr Doodle 的涂鸦生涯。G项“He sells his artworks online and also decorates people’s houses.(他在网上卖艺术品，也装饰别人的房子)”符合语境，故选G。
⑤下文“So next time you see staff members casually drawing pictures during a meeting, it may be a sign that they are listening more than you think.(因此，下次你看到员工在会议期间漫不经心地画画时，这可能是一个信号，表明他们比你想象中听得更多)”指出如果员工在会议期间涂鸦，这可能表明他们在集中精力听会，由此可知，空处应该引起下文，E项“Employees begin to be taught how to doodle in the workplace.(员工开始学习如何在工作场所涂鸦)”符合语境，和下文是顺承关系，因为员工学习了如何在工作场所涂鸦，所以如果看到员工在开会期间涂鸦，这可能表明他们在认真听讲，其中Employees和下文中的staff members意思一致。故选E。
17．答案：C
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：由于委内瑞拉频繁发生自然灾害，佩德罗一家逃离委内瑞拉，越过边境来到哥伦比亚的一个避难所，那里住着许多无家可归的人。A. brought out出版，生产；B. pointed out指出；C. fled from逃离；D. recovered from恢复。根据句中的“because of frequent natural disasters and moved across the border to a(n)____2____in Colombia, where many homeless people stayed”可知，委内瑞拉的佩德罗一家因为国内频繁的自然灾难前往了哥伦比亚的一个避难所，说明他们从自己的国家逃离（fled from）。故选C项。
18．答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于委内瑞拉频繁发生自然灾害，佩德罗一家逃离委内瑞拉，越过边境来到哥伦比亚的一个避难所，那里住着许多无家可归的人。A. academy学院；B. exhibition展览；C. bank银行；D. shelter庇护所，收容所。根据句中的“where many homeless people stayed”可知，这里都是无家可归者，是一个收容所（shelter）。故选D项。
19．答案：B
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：当地的两家医院只能在紧急情况下治疗无家可归者，他们不治疗就算是像唇裂这种可能致命的疾病。A. schools学校；B. hospitals医院；C. camps营地；D. families家庭。根据句中的treat the homeless，以及下文“____12____, just a few weeks after the family moved to a new home, another local hospital worker know Pedro and his____13____for the cleft treatment, and his____14____details were passed on to Operation Smile Colombia. (值得庆幸的是，就在这家人搬到新家的几周后，当地另一家医院的工作人员知道了佩德罗和他对唇裂治疗的需求，他的健康细节被转给了‘哥伦比亚微笑行动’。)”可知，hospital为复现词，能治病的地方是医院（hospitals）。故选B项。
20．答案：A
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当地的两家医院只能在紧急情况下治疗无家可归者，他们不治疗就算是像唇裂这种可能致命的疾病。A. untreated未经治疗的；B. impossible不可能的；C. damaged损坏的；D. mature成熟的。根据上半句“only had the capacity to treat the homeless in emergency situations”可知，这两个医院的医疗条件有限，使唇裂这种可能致命的疾病处于没有接受治疗的（untreated）状态。故选A项。
21．答案：B
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：佩德罗的母亲马贝利斯是一位文静而坚定的女人，她愿意为家人做任何事。A. successful成功的；B. determined下定决心的，坚定的；C. stupid愚蠢的；D. confused困惑的。根据下句“would do anything for her family. Marbelis had never____6____up any hope of finding Pedro the____7____help he so badly needed. (愿意为家人做任何事情，马伯利斯从未放弃为佩德罗找到他急需的医疗帮助的任何希望。)”可知，她从没放弃为孩子治疗的希望，说明她是一个坚定的（determined）人。故选B项。
22．答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：马伯利斯从未放弃为佩德罗找到他急需的医疗帮助的任何希望。A. gathered（up）收集；B. picked（up）捡起，习得；C. met（up）偶遇；D. given（up）放弃。根据上文“Pedro’s mother, Marbelis. a quiet but____5____woman, would do anything for her family. (佩德罗的母亲马贝利斯是一位文静而坚定的女人，她愿意为家人做任何事。)”可知，一个意志坚定的人，不会放弃（give up）自己坚持的事。故选D项。
23．答案：C
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：马伯利斯从未放弃为佩德罗找到他急需的医疗帮助的任何希望。A. economic经济的；B. athletic运动的；C. medical医学的；D. racial种族的。根据第一段的第一句“Every three minutes a child like Pedro was born with cleft lips (唇裂). (每三分钟就有一个像佩德罗这样的兔唇婴儿出生)”可知，佩德罗生来唇裂，需要得到医疗（medical）帮助。故选C项。
24．答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：多年来，她一直看着自己的小儿子在生活中挣扎。A. eat吃；B. study研究；C. end结束；D. struggle奋斗。根据第一段的第一句“Every three minutes a child like Pedro was born with cleft lips (唇裂). (每三分钟就有一个像佩德罗这样的兔唇婴儿出生)”，以及下文“Pedro was____10____to avoid the severe health problems that could be caused by the cleft, but he____11____the emotional scars of discrimination. (佩德罗很幸运地避免了唇裂可能引起的严重健康问题，但他承受了歧视带来的情感创伤。)”可知，佩德罗生来就要和唇裂这个疾病以及因疾病带来的社会歧视抗争（struggle）。故选D项。
25．答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：无论她多么努力，她都几乎无法帮助他。A. tried试图；B. persuaded劝说；C. taught教导；D. struck打击。根据上文“Pedro’s mother, Marbelis. a quiet but____5____woman, would do anything for her family. Marbelis had never____6____up any hope of finding Pedro the____7____help he so badly needed. (佩德罗的母亲马贝利斯是一位文静而坚定的女人，她愿意为家人做任何事。马伯利斯从未放弃为佩德罗找到他急需的医疗帮助的任何希望。)”可知，马贝利斯一直在试图（tried）寻找治疗唇裂的希望，但收效甚微。故选A项。
26．答案：B
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：佩德罗很幸运地避免了唇裂可能引起的严重健康问题，但他承受了歧视带来的情感创伤。A. sensitive敏感的；B. fortunate幸运的；C. afraid害怕的；D. hesitant犹豫不决的。根据句中的“the severe health problems that could be caused by the cleft”可知，唇裂会导致其他的重病，但是佩德罗没有出现这个问题，实属幸运（fortunate）。故选B项。
27．答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：佩德罗很幸运地避免了唇裂可能引起的严重健康问题，但他承受了歧视带来的情感创伤。A. avoided避免；B. cured治愈；C. bore承受；D. cut切割。根据上文“For years, she had been watching her little boy____8____in life. (多年来，她一直看着自己的小儿子在生活中挣扎。)”，以及本句中的“the emotional scars of discrimination”可知，因为先天唇裂，佩德罗会被歧视，小小年纪就要承受（bore）这些情感创伤。故选C项。
28．答案：A
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：值得庆幸的是，就在这家人搬到新家的几周后，当地医院的另一名工作人员知道了佩德罗和他对唇裂治疗的需求，他的健康细节被转给了“哥伦比亚微笑行动”。A. Thankfully感激地, 万幸的是；B. Honestly诚实地；C. Partly部分地；D. Vaguely模糊地。根据上文“No matter how hard she____9____, there was little she could do to help him. (无论她多么努力，她都无法帮助他。)”，以及下文“The charity provided free, safe operations for those born with clefts like Pedro, who could not otherwise____15____or afford medical care. (该慈善机构为像佩德罗这样天生就有唇腭裂的人提供免费、安全的手术，否则他们无法获得或负担得起医疗护理。)”可知，有医院可以为佩德罗免费治疗唇裂，这是一件万幸的（Thankfully）事。故选A项。
29．答案：B
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：值得庆幸的是，就在这家人搬到新家的几周后，当地医院的另一名工作人员知道了佩德罗和他对唇裂治疗的需求，他的健康细节被转给了“哥伦比亚微笑行动”。A. power权力；B. need需要；C. pity怜悯；D. fame名声。根据上文“Marbelis had never____6____up any hope of finding Pedro the____7____help he so badly needed. (马伯利斯从未放弃为佩德罗找到他急需的医疗帮助的任何希望。)”可知，唇裂需要（need）动手术。故选B项。
30．答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：值得庆幸的是，就在这家人搬到新家的几周后，当地医院的另一名工作人员知道了佩德罗和他对唇裂治疗的需求，他的健康细节被转给了“哥伦比亚微笑行动”。A. health健康状况；B. safety安全；C. operation操作，手术；D. action行动。根据下文“The charity provided free, safe operations for those born with clefts like Pedro, who could not otherwise____15____or afford medical care. (该慈善机构为像佩德罗这样天生就有唇腭裂的人提供免费、安全的手术，否则他们无法获得或负担得起医疗护理。)”可知，唇裂需要手术，术前医生得掌握患儿的具体的健康状况（health），以确定是否合适手术，何时手术，如何手术。故选A项。
31．答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：该慈善机构为像佩德罗这样天生就有唇腭裂的人提供免费、安全的手术，否则他们无法获得或负担得起医疗护理。A. reject拒绝；B. confirm确认；C. access通道，获得的机会；D. offer提供。根据上文“ The charity provided free, safe operations for those born with clefts like Pedro(该慈善机构为像佩德罗这样天生就有唇腭裂的人提供免费、安全的手术)”以及下文的otherwise可知，如果不是该慈善机构提供免费、安全的手术，他们不能获得或者负担得起这种医疗救助。故选C项。
32．答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：几个月后，在这个更新了的医疗中心进行全面健康评估后，佩德罗被证明是做外科手术的理想人选。A. exercise练习；B. experiment实验；C. evaluation评估；D. emergency紧急情况。根据句中“proved to be an ideal candidate for____17____”可知，手术前医生会对患者进行术前评估。故选C项。
33．答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：几个月后，在这个更新了的医疗中心进行全面健康评估后，佩德罗被证明是做外科手术的理想人选。A. discrimination歧视；B. beauty美貌；C. trouble麻烦；D. surgery手术。根据下文“Luckily, Pedro’s operation went very ____18____and after an hour, he was safely back in the recovery room. (幸运的是，佩德罗的手术进行得非常顺利，一个小时后，他安全回到了恢复室。)”可知，评估后，佩德罗进行了手术，说明他当时的身体状况适合动手术（surgery）。故选D项。
34．答案：A
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，佩德罗的手术进行得非常顺利，一个小时后，他安全回到了恢复室。A. smoothly顺利地；B. blindly盲目地；C. blankly茫然地；D. fluently流利地。根据句中“after an hour, he was safely back in the recovery room”可知，手术顺利（smoothly）。故选A项。
35．答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：手术后，马伯利斯第一次见到他时，她兴奋地尖叫起来，“我儿子多帅啊！”。A. escaped逃离；B. screamed尖叫；C. explained解释；D. listened倾听。根据下文“How handsome my son is!”可知，马伯利斯看到术后的佩德罗的容貌，内心激动，所以会尖叫（screamed）。故选B项。
36．答案：D
解析：考查名词、形容词词义辨析。句意：慈善和善良是全球性的，佩德罗的形象在异国他乡得到了改善，这真是令人惊讶的。A. level水平；B. patience耐心；C. willing愿意；D. image形象。根据上文“How handsome my son is! (我儿子多帅啊！)”可知，佩德罗的唇裂问题得以修复，形象（image）得以改善。故选D项。
37．答案：①than②that/which③living④areas⑤intelligent⑥be taught⑦have known⑧the⑨further⑩described
解析：①考查介词。句意：研究语言进化的科学家说，野生黑猩猩的交流系统比过去的研究显示的要复杂得多。根据上文中的 more可知，此处应该是比较级句式。故填than。
②考查定语从句。句意：研究人员表示，这种动物使用十多种叫声，这些叫声可以组合成数百个不同的目。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句修饰先行词calls，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
③考查非谓语动词。句意：研究小组对生活在科特迪瓦国家公园的三组黑猩猩进行了4800次通话录音。分析句子结构可知，live和其逻辑主语chimpanzees之间是主动关系，故此处应该用现在分词，作定语。故填living。
④考查名词单复数。句意：它是西非原始热带森林最后的重要地区之一，是各种动植物的家园。黑猩猩是离人类最近的动物。area为可数名词，且one of the＋名词复数。故填areas。
⑤考查形容词。句意：它们聪明又善于交际。根据下文中的 sociable 可知，此处应该用形容词作表语。故填intelligent。
⑥考查语态。句意：黑猩猩能制造和使用工具，还能学会少量的人类手语。该句主语和 teach 之间是动宾关系，故can后面应该用被动语态。故填be taught。
⑦考查时态。句意：很久以前，科学家们就知道野生黑猩猩使用不同的叫声。根据下文中的时间状语 since a long time ago可知，此处应该用现在完成时。主语为复数，谓语为复数。故填have known。
⑧考查冠词。句意：很久以前，科学家们就知道野生黑猩猩使用不同的叫声。in the wild意为“在野外”。故填the。
⑨考查副词。句意：但这项新研究帮助人们进一步了解动物的交流方式。此处应该用副词further修饰动词，意为“进一步”。故填further。
⑩考查非谓语动词。句意：它不是一种语言，但它是非人类世界中最复杂的交流形式之一。分析句子结构可知，describe和其逻辑主语communication之间是被动关系，故此处应该用过去分词作定语。故填described 。
38．答案：
Last weekend, my mom went to the market and vegetables for 10 yuan. For reason, my mom failed to pay by phone. What’s worse, she had no on her. Fortunately, the seller was kind enough to let my mom pay for them next time. The next day, my mom got to the market regardless of the heavy rain, no one gathered there. After another day, my mom spent a long time for the seller, and she finally found him. When my mom handed the money to him, he couldn’t be grateful and praised her honesty. Mom said she just repaid his trust her. From the thing, I’ve learned trust is two-way street and it is trust between people that makes the world a better place.
解析：①考查时态。句意：上周末，我妈妈去市场买了10元钱的蔬菜。根据时间状语Last weekend可知，此处应该用一般过去时。故将buys改为bought。
②考查固定搭配。句意：不知道为什么，我妈妈没能用手机支付。for some reason固定搭配，意为“不知为何”。故将any改为some。
③考查不可数名词。句意：更糟的是，她身上没带现金。cash是不可数名词，没有复数形式。故将cashes改为cash。
④考查非谓语动词。句意：幸运的是，卖家心很好，让我妈妈下次付钱。let 意为“让”，是使役动词，let sb. do(让某人做)，其后用不带to的动词不定式作宾补。故删除pay前的to。
⑤考查连词。句意：第二天，妈妈不顾大雨去了市场，但是没有一个人聚集在那里。根据句意可知，此处前后两个句子之间是转折关系，应用连词but。故将and改为but。
⑥考查非谓语动词。句意：又过了一天，妈妈花了很长时间寻找卖家，终于找到了。spend a long time (in) doing sth 意为“花很长时间做某事”，应用动名词作介词in的宾语。故将look改为looking。
⑦考查固定搭配。句意：当妈妈把钱交给他时，他感激不尽，称赞妈妈的诚实。否定词与too或形容词比较级连用时，为肯定意义，意为“再……也不为过”，grateful的比较级为more grateful。故将so改为too/more。
⑧考查介词。句意：妈妈说她刚刚回报了他对她的信任。trust后面与介词in搭配，trust in sb.“对某人的信任”。故将for改为in。
⑨考查冠词。句意：从这件事中，我明白了信任是双向的，而正是人与人之间的信任让世界变得更美好。street是可数名词，故此处应该用不定冠词，且two发音是以辅音音素开头，应用a。a two-way street 意为“一种双向道”。故在two-way前加 a。
⑩考查名词性从句。句意：从这件事中，我明白了信任是双向的，而正是人与人之间的信任让世界变得更美好。分析句子结构可知，此处and连接了两个宾语从句，且and后面的宾语从句不缺少任何成分意义完整，应用that引导，第一个that可以省略，第二个that不能省略。故将what改为that。
39．答案：
How to Relax in Spare Time
It’s known to all that as students at high school, we’re full of pressure. So we should choose some ways to get the best out of relaxing in our spare time. Some common ways include exercise, meditation and reading which contribute to working better afterwards.
As for me, my favorite relaxing way is to listen to music. I like to sing along with soft music and even dance to it while feeling stressed. Surprisingly, when I am lost in the music, I feel a sense of pleasure and peace. Music does stimulate my thinking ability and refresh my memory. As a result, I study more effectively and confidently.
解析：1.词汇积累
压力：pressure→stress
有效的：effectively→efficiently
有压力的：stressed→stressful
激发：stimulate→motivate
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Music does stimulate my thinking ability and refresh my memory.
拓展句：It is music that stimulates my thinking ability and refresh my memory.
【点睛】[高分句型1] It’s known to all that as students at high school, we’re full of pressure. (运用了主语从句)
[高分句型2] Some common ways include exercise, meditation and reading which contribute to working better afterwards. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)
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