Unit7 International charities Grammar 课件

课件37张PPT。Passive voice被动语态Unit 7
Grammar语态是动词的一种形式，表示的是主语和谓语之间的关系。英语中的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。
当主语是谓语的执行者时，用主动语态。当主语是谓语的承受者时，用被动语态。如：
We clean the classroom every day.
我们每天都打扫教室。
The classroom is cleaned (by us) every day.
教室每天都被(我们)打扫。一、各种时态的被动语态结构:1.一般现在时: am/is/are + pp2.一般过去时: was/ were + pp3.含有情态动词: 情态动词+be+ pp4.一般将来时: will/shall +be + pp
be going to be +pp5.现在完成时: have/has +been + pp1、各种时态的变化只在be动词上面体现差异，pp只表示被动
2、否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句 你会变化么？1.They make shoes in that factory.
主语+及物动词+宾语
Shoes are made (by them) in that factory.
一般现在时：
S(主语）+am/is /are +pp二、变为被动语态2. They bought ten computers last term．
Ten computers were bought (by them) last term.
一般过去时：S+was/were +pp3．Amy can take good care of Gina ．Gina can be taken good care of by Amy.
情态动词：
S+ can/may/must/should + be+pp4. Tom will clean the room tomorrow.主谓宾(受动者)The roomwill be cleanedbyTom tomorrow.一般将来时：will be + pp5. They have bought ten computers since 2005．
Ten computershave been boughtbythemsince 2005.现在完成时：S + have / has +been + pp请将下列主动语态变成被动语态
1.Lucy bought some fruit.
Some fruit _____ ______ _____ Lucy.
2.Uncle Wang waters the flowers every day.
The flowers ___ _______ ____ Uncle Wang every day.
3.Did they build the bridge in 1998?
____ the bridge _____ in 1998?
4.When did Lu Xun write these books?
When _____these books _______ ____ Lu Xun?was bought by are watered byWasbuiltwere written by5.The farmers don’t grow apples on the farm.
Apples _____ _____ on the farm.
6.They didn’t clean the classroom yesterday.
The classroom _______ ________ yesterday.
aren’t grownwasn’t cleaned(二）情态动词的被动语态。
1.You can do the work all by yourself.
The work _____ _____ _____ all by yourself.
2.We must plant more trees.
More trees _____ _____ ________.
3.We should dig a large hole.
A large hole _____ ____ _____.
4.Can we put our bikes here?
_____ our bikes ____ _____ here?
5.You mustn’t throw rubbish here.
Rubbish ______ _____ ______ here.can be donemust be plantedshould be dugCanbe putmustn’t be thrown 6.We can’t see many stars.
Many stars ______ ______ _______ .
小结：
1.含情态动词的被动结构： ______________________.
2.疑问句提前_____________; 否定句：___________+not.can’t be seen 情态动词+be+过去分词情态动词情态动词几点注意：1、不及物动词，后面不能直接带宾语，因此不能变为被动语态。happen, take place ,appear, disappear, belong to ,break out (爆发）The accident ______ early this morning.
happened B. was happened
C. has happened The Olympics __________ (take place )
every four years.take place 一、不用被动语态的情况必背！2、连系动词（Link.v.)不用被动语态。 如：be, look, seem, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, turn, become… The music _______ (sound) beautiful.sounds3、当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候，不用被动语态 。常与副词easy, well, easily 等连用。 The pen __________(write) very fast.writes This kind of sweater _______(sell) well. sells二、有些动词常用于被动语态
He was born in Nanjing.
他生于南京。
The mobile phone was made in China.
这部手机是中国制造的。Eg：give sb sth
show sb sth
buy sb sth
make sb sth
等等可以改为for或者to的词组的give sth to sbshow sth to sbbuy sth for sbmake sth for sb三、双宾结构的被动语态直物间人Tom’s father bought him a book.
He _____________ a book (by his father)
A book____________ him (by his father)把指人的间接宾语作为被动句的主语（较少）
把指物的直接宾语作为被动句主语时，要加介词to或for（较多）was boughtwas bought for 必背！pass, show, send… 此类动词有：buybe bought for如：givebe given to 此类动词还有：draw，make, cook, mend必背！1. Please pass the book to Lily.
Lily is passed the book.
The book is passed to Lily by you please.
2. He gave me a beautiful present.
I was given a beautiful present by him.
A beautiful present was given to me .五看：see,watch,look at,notice,observe
三使：make, let, have
二听：hear, listen to
一感觉：feel四、感官动词和使役动词在主动语态中后接不带to的动词不定式,但是改为被动语态时, 把to加在动词原形之前，即to还原V+sb.+do+sth.sb.+be+pp+to do sth.必背！They made the boys work 12 hours a day.
We often see him go for a walk by the river.The boys were made to work 12 hours a day.He is often seen to go for a walk by the river.1. The teachers often make us read books in the morning.
We are often made to read books in the morning by the teachers.
2. We noticed him talk with my brother just now.
He was noticed to talk with my brother just now.
3. We saw her help Tom when we enter the room.
She was seen to help Tom when we enter the room.
4. I made him stop while he was doing the work.
He was made to stop while he was doing the work.五、动词短语变被动语态，要保持短语的完整性，后面的介词不能丢。take care of → be taken care ofcut down → be cut downlaugh at → be laughed atlook after → be looked afterspeak to → be spoken tohand in → be handed in必背！listen to → be listened to 1. I can take good care of the baby.
2.We should speak to the old politely. The old should be spoken to politely. The baby can be taken good care of.3. The students usually listen to the
teacher carefully.The teacher is usually listened to carefully by the students.六、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如：
It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and ……
It was reported that her mother died of SARS.
众所周知… … It is well known that …
据推测说… … It is supposed that …七、常见被动语态句子。（见练习讲义。计22句，属于必背内容！）1.---Did you go to Jim’s birthday party?
---No, I _____ (常州2013年中招试题)
A. am not invited B. wasn’t invited
C. haven’t invited D. didn’t invited
2. To make our city more beautiful, rubbish ______ into the river.
A. needn’t be thrown
B. mustn’t be thrown
C. can’t throw
D. may not throw (常州2012年中招试题)名题回顾3. The workers were made 12 hours a day n the old days.
A. work B. to work
C. be worked D. worked
4. Their homework half an hour ago.
was handed in B. was handed
C. Will be handed in D. was hand 5.--- What do you think of the football match yesterday ?
--- It’s surprising. The strongest team ______.
A. was beaten B. won C. scored D. was failed
6.I won’t come to the party unless Sue______.
A. will invite B. invites C. invited D. is invited
7.What are on show in the museum?
Some photos ________ by African children.
A. are taken B. have been taken
C. taken D. were taken
8. The boy _____ study at home by her last Sunday.
A made B was made C was made to D made to模 拟9.The trees must _____ three times a week.
A. water B. is watering C. be watered D. waters
10.Another new building ____last month near my school.
A. was built B. built C. has been built D. is built11. A new bridge ______ over the river next year.
A is built B will build
C will be built D will built
12. TV and radio programmes _____ the other side of the world with the help of the satellites.
A can send to B can send on
C can be sent to D can be sent on13. In summer meat and fruit __for a long time.
A can’t be kept B doesn’t keep
C is not kept D isn’t keeping
14. These films ______ by young children.
A should not seen　 B shouldn’t be seen
C should be not seen D should see
15. The piece of music _______ great.
A sounds B sounded C is sounded D is sounding16. It _____ in a small village last month.
A happened B was happened
C happen D had happened17. Our classroom should _____ clean and tidy.
A was kept B be kept C is keep D have kept18. No letter _____ since you left for Shanghai.
A have received B have been received
C had been received D has been received
19. I’m afraid you can’t go in. The room______.
A is painted B has painted
C is being painted D is painting20. The girl __singing when we passed by.
A heard B was heard C was heard to D heard to21. My new pen ___ well.
A writes B is writing C is written D was writing
22.Another bridge___set up over the river in 6 years.
A is being B will been C will be D has been23. --- Why, you are wet all over!
---- I ____just now and I rushed all the way here.
A caught the rain B was caught in the rain
C caught a rain D was caught by a rain24. We are told that these books _____ to the library.
A can be returned B may return
C must be returned D must returned
25. This kind of medicine _____ after supper.
A should take B should be taken
C should be eaten D should eat26. A talk on Chinese history _____in the school hall next week.
A is given B has been given
C will give D will be given
27. He _____ go into the room just now.
A saw B was seen C was seen to D saw to28.You may go fishing if your work________.
A. is done B. will be done
C. has done D. have done
29.We are told ________ everywhere. It’s our duty to keep our school clean.
A. not to make much noise
B. to throw waste paper
C. to draw
D. not to spit