人教版（2019） 必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters学案 （含答案）
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UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS
课前基础自查——上承课前，下启课堂
Ⅰ.单句语法练
1.Older and (wise) now, Burchill chalked the incident up to youthful indiscretion(莽撞).
2.With the (effort) made by both sides, we began to understand each other better.
3. (bury) in his study, he didn't know that all the others had left.
4.However, I am sorry to hear that you (trap) in Britain due to severe epidemic there and cannot join the club to direct us.
5.More than 10,000 square kilometers (destroy) recently.
6.There is also the matter of tone. Who hasn't received an email so annoying that it (ruin) an entire day
Ⅱ.词形变化练
1.People were to know that the little girl was killed in an accident. The news all the people around,which was also a to her father who was working abroad.(shock)
2.It is beyond my to finish the task in two hours. (power)
3.An unhappy childhood may have some negative on a person's character;however,they are not always .(effect)
4.She is afraid of being , but sometimes will finally bring an end to her suffering. (dead)
5.As far as I know, he has ever from a serious illness. I'm so sorry about his .(suffer)
6.I want to know how the rope was, so I measured the of it. If necessary, we need to find a way to it. (long)
Ⅲ.短语拓展练
1.Today, natural disasters, such as floods, droughts, landslides, typhoons, hurricanes, tornadoes and tsunamis, often strike towns and villages, causing human deaths or great damage ① people's property. When a tsunami comes, the waves can crash buildings and sweep ② crops. Experts say people should stay calm ③ usual in the face of an emergency. Experts also give a summary of the effect of some natural disasters. Although they have an effect on people's lives, the effect is not as serious as people imagine.
2.A great earthquake struck the city and everyone was shocked. Ninety percent of the buildings lay ④ ruins, metal pipes and taps cracked, and bricks covered the ground. There was neither electricity nor water. It seemed as ⑤ the world were at an end. The government immediately organised rescue teams to evacuate people and take the trapped survivors to shelters ⑥ the open air. Some doctors ran over with first aid kits ⑦ hand. The helicopters delivered all kinds of supplies and the ambulances whistled by. The PLA also came to rescue the victims.Ⅳ.教材句式练
1.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!(as if引导表语从句)
翻译:
2.With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city's people, a new Tangshan
was built upon the earthquake ruins.(with的复合结构)
翻译:
3.I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.(be doing...when...)
翻译:
课中考点突破——顺承自查，夯实考点
【主题情境】
Many companies donated food, medicine and other things to help the survivors of the earthquake, but it was just a drop in the ocean of what was needed.许多公司捐赠食品、药品和其他东西来帮助地震幸存者, 但与所需物资相比,这只是杯水车薪。
The inoculation of COVID-19 vaccine is the most effective means to prevent and control COVID-19. In addition, we should stick to wearing masks, washing hands frequently and keeping social distance.接种新冠肺炎疫苗是预防和控制新冠肺炎最有效的手段。另外,我们要坚持戴口罩、勤洗手并保持社交距离。
【核心单词】
1.affect vt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动 (effect n.作用;影响 近义词:influence)
一测经典测试(探考向)
①(2022·浙江1月)I felt so helpless and insecure because the quality of my life (affect).
二清知识清障(累知识)
be deeply affected/moved/touched by... 被……深深打动
be affected with 感染……疾病
have an effect/influence on 对……产生影响
三评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
② (affect) with a serious disease, he was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery.
③The weight-loss pill has a strong side effect people's hearts.
④Many young people were deeply affected by his story and began to do volunteer work for the disabled.
→ his story, many young people began to do volunteer work for the disabled.(过去分词作状语)
2.shelter n.避难处;居所;庇护 vt.保护;掩蔽 vi.躲避(风雨或危险)
一测经典测试(探考向)
①(2023·江西赣州模拟)The parks are federally protected,but that does not shelter them the effects of warming temperatures.
二清知识清障(累知识)
take/seek shelter from 躲避……
under the shelter of 在……的庇护下
give shelter to 庇护
shelter...from... 保护……免于……
三评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
② the shelter of a tent,a crowd is gathered for a brunch.
③They sheltered a downpour under a tree.
④(2023·贵阳三中月考·写作)Some parents want to every kind of danger, real or imagined.有些父母想要保护他们的孩子免受任何危险,无论是真实的危险还是想象的危险。
3.shock vt.(使)震惊;使触电 n.休克;打击;震惊;令人震惊的事 (shocking adj.令人震惊的 shocked adj.感到震惊的)
一测经典测试(探考向)
①(2020·天津)Jones was (shock) when she said that she didn't actually mind being cheated.
二清知识清障(累知识)
be shocked by/at... 对……感到震惊
be shocked to do... 因做……而震惊
in shock 震惊地;休克
三评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
②After the news spread throughout the whole country,everyone felt .(shock)
③The kids only looked at the man, shock by his reaction.
④(2023·昆明一中模拟·写作)The news ,leading to great concern about students' safety at school.这个消息震惊了公众,引发了人们对在校学生安全的极大担忧。
4.bury vt.(buried, buried)埋葬;掩埋;隐藏;使陷入;使专心
一测经典测试(探考向)
①(2022·安徽三模)She was sitting there with her head (bury) in a newspaper.
二清知识清障(累知识)
be buried in=bury oneself in 埋头于;专心于
be buried in thought 陷入沉思
bury one's face in hands 双手掩面
三评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
②The girl was sitting on the bench in the park, (bury) her head in the book in her hands.
③Since Alice left, Tom has buried (he) in his work.
④(2023·青海西宁模拟·写作) , he was not aware it was raining outside.他埋头看书,不知道外面正在下雨。
5.suffer vt.遭受;蒙受 vi.因(疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦 (suffering n.痛苦;苦恼)
一测经典测试(探考向)
①(2022·浙江1月)Ms Burdeyney talked to some friends who had similar problems and
discovered that they were largely (suffer) in silence.
二清知识清障(累知识/析误区)
suffer pain/defeat/hardship/damage 遭受痛苦/失败/困难/破坏
suffer from 受……折磨;患……病
suffer指一般的损害、痛苦等,其宾语为 pain、 loss、 punishment、 hardship、 setback、 disappointment等。
suffer from表示遭受战争、自然灾害、困难及疾病等,其宾语为headache、 illness、 war、 flood 等。
三评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
②Death finally brought an end to her (suffer).
③ (suffer) defeat after defeat, he began to lose faith in himself.
④(2023·北京四中月考·写作)The Summer Palace, one of the most famous gardens in the world, during various periods of wars.颐和园——世界上最著名的花园之一——在不同的战争时期遭受了严重的破坏。
6.strike vt.& vi.(struck, struck/stricken) 击打;侵袭;罢工;袭击;报时;划(火柴);忽然想起 n.罢工;罢课;袭击
一测经典测试(探考向)
①(2021·全国乙)His comment (strike) me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout(布局).
二清知识清障(累知识)
be struck with/by... 为……所袭击/感动
It strikes me that... 我突然想到……
sth strikes sb 某人突然想到某事
be on strike 在罢工
go on strike 举行罢工
三评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
②A big earthquake (strike) the city last year, killing hundreds of people.
③It struck me playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team.
④(2023·山东济南模拟·写作)Meeting my dear teachers and fellow students after so many years was indeed a warm occasion, by which .这么多年以后遇到我亲爱的老师们和同学们真的是一个温暖的时刻,让我印象深刻。
7.deliver vt.&vi.递送;传达 vt.发表(演说等);生(小孩儿);接生
一测经典测试(探考向)
①(2021·新高考Ⅰ)The son of a grocer, he'd spent the summers of his childhood (deliver) food in Benardsville, New Jersey.
二清知识清障(累知识/析误区)
deliver...to sb把……传递给某人
deliver a speech发表演说
be delivered of (=give birth to)生……
与表示“给予”或“传递”的动词give、 pass后可接双宾语的情形不同,deliver习惯上不接双宾语,即不说deliver sb sth,而说deliver sth to sb。
三评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
②Helen's baby (deliver) by her own doctor.
③The express company will get all these goods (deliver) to the customers today.
④(2019·全国Ⅲ·写作)The opening ceremony will start at 9:00 am, and the schoolmaster .开幕式将于上午9点开始,校长将发表讲话。
【短语句式】
8.in ruins 严重受损;破败不堪 (ruin n.毁灭;毁坏;废墟 vt.使毁坏;破坏)
一清知识清障(累知识)
be/lie in ruins成为废墟;毁灭
come/fall into ruin(因缺乏照料而)衰落;败落
bring...to ruin使……失败;使……毁坏
ruin one's hope/health毁掉某人的希望/健康
二评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
①After the wave came, the sand castle on the beach lay ruins.
②It rained for three weeks on end,completely (ruin) our holiday.
③(2022·河北张家口模拟·写作)The accumulation of rubbish in the streets may not only dirty the city .街道上堆积的垃圾不仅影响市容,还危害我们的健康。
9.as if 引导表语从句
(P50)It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!仿佛世界末日即将来临!
一清知识清障(累知识/析误区)
句中的as if = as though,意为“仿佛;好像”,引导表语从句,常放在be、 look、 seem、 sound、 smell、 feel等系动词之后。
(1)如果所引导的从句表示的是真实的或极有可能发生的情况时,从句的谓语动词要用陈述语气。
(2)如果所引导的从句只是表示一种假设的情况,从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气,其形式如下:
①did(与现在事实相反)
②had done(与过去事实相反)
③would/could/might do(与将来事实相反)
如果as if引导的从句的主语和主句的主语一致,并且从句谓语含有be的某种形式,则省略“从句主语+be”,从句就变成了“as if/though+adj./adv./介词短语/to do/doing/done”。
二评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
①Hurry up! It looks as if the train (go) to move in two minutes.
②More generally,the Internet functions as if it (be) my memory.
③It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I (do) it
④(2022·新高考Ⅰ·写作)David insisted on running all his weaknesses, though he was tripped over within a few kilometers. 大卫坚持跑步,好像忘记了他所有的弱点,尽管他在几公里内被绊倒了。
10.be doing...when...
(P54)I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.我正在和我的三个孩子一起吃早餐,这时水开始灌进我家。
一清知识清障(累知识/析误区)
be doing...when... 正在做……这时……
be about to do...when... 正要做……这时……
had (just) done...when... 刚做了……这时……
be on the point of doing...when... 正要做……这时……
“be doing...when...”句型中的when为并列连词,表示“这时;突然”,相当于and at this/that time。
二评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
①He (walk) for about a mile when a voluntary searcher found him.
②The thief was on the point of putting his hand into the lady's handbag the bus suddenly stopped.
③We (swim) in the lake when the storm started.
④(2023·四川宜宾模拟·写作)We for a weekend when my sister heard cries for help.当我妹妹听到呼救声时,我们正收拾行李准备去度周末。
课后应用拓展——源于教材，对标高考
【基础多维巩固】
维度1 词法强化练
1.(2022·浙江)“People from cultures that value relationships more than ours does (shock) by the thought of eating alone in front of a computer,” says Art Markman, a professor of psychology at the University of Texas, Austin.
2.(2022·北京)Since people can't always eat out or cook for themselves, they get takeout or order (deliver).
3.(2022·浙江1月)More research is needed to see if improved fitness could have a positive (affect) on the risk of dementia and also to look at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is most important.
4.(2022·新高考Ⅰ)It is also being used to help patients (suffer) dementia, a serious illness of the mind.
5. (bury) under the ruins, the little girl was rather frightened.
6. (trap) in the ruins, the girl still held a positive attitude.
7.The earthquake was so big that most of the houses in the small village were completely (destroy).
8.A wonderful idea (strike) me suddenly when I was walking on the street.
9.The dustman (sweep) all the fallen leaves up into a pile on this street yesterday.
维度2 写作增分练
1.(2023·成都树德中学月考·写作)人类生活被认为是自然的一部分,我们存活下去的唯一方法是与自然和谐相处。
Human life is regarded as part of nature, and is to live in harmony with nature.
2.(2023·河北邯郸模拟·写作)我正开车去伦敦,这时我突然发现我走错了路。
I was driving down to London that I was on the wrong road.
3.我建议你应该像什么事也没有发生过一样待在这儿。
I suggest that you should stay here .
4.我很感激你把我从困境中解救了出来。
I'm grateful that you the difficult situation.
5.有这么多工作要做,我不能和你一起出去看电影。
, I can't go out to see a film with you.
6.这男孩太小了,还不会自己穿衣服。
The boy is .
7.我突然想到我应该给妈妈买一条项链作为生日礼物。
I should buy a necklace for my mother as a birthday gift.
【经典试题拓展】
(2019·浙江·阅读理解C篇)
主题:人与环境、人与动植物
California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素).
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46,000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for
resources(资源).
But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪).
Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.
Ⅰ.经典考题练
1.What is the second paragraph mainly about
A.The increasing variety of California big trees.
B.The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
C.The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D.The influence of farming on big trees in California.
2.Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees
A.Fire control measures.
B.Banning woodcutting.
C.Ecological studies of forests.
D.Limiting housing development.
3.What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre
A.Inadequate snowmelt.
B.A longer dry season.
C.A warmer climate.
D.Dampness of the air.
4.What can be a suitable title for the passage
A.Patrick McIntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California
B.Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests
C.Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
D.California's Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone
Ⅱ.高考词汇练
1.积累阅读词汇
(1)target v.
(2)aggressive adj.
(3)rainfall n.
(4)well-intentioned adj.
(5)inadequate adj.
2.巧辨熟词生义
(1)across A.prep.穿过 B.prep.在……对面 C.adv.宽
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46,000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds.
(2)spare A.adj.不用的;闲置的 B.v.幸免
C.v.留出
No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles.
(3)document A.n.文件 B.v.记录 C.v.用文献支持(证明)
But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
3.活用高频短语
according to; the number of; contribute to; be crowded with; figure out
(1) observers, the plane exploded shortly after take-off.
(2)In fact, so far natural disasters the continent's economic crisis.
(3)The old town square people every day, including local citizens and tourists.
(4)He carefully what time the first train would pass by.
(5) new students decreased from 210 to 160 this year.
Ⅲ.靓句美篇练
1.难句赏析
(1)(赏结构)But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees① that was evident even in wildlands② protected from woodcutting or development③.
【句意】但是,将20世纪20年代至30年代对加州森林进行的一项研究与2001至2010年的另外一项研究对比之后,McIntyre和他的同事证实了即使在禁止砍伐和开发的荒地,大树的大面积死亡也是非常明显的。
【赏析】①处为句子主干。②处为that 引导的 ,修饰a widespread death of big trees。③处为过去分词短语作 , 修饰wildlands。
(2)(赏结构) The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model① that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed②, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt③.
【句意】研究人员用一个计算机模型计算出水压,该模型计算出树木获得的水量,并与其所需的水量进行比较,同时考虑到降雨量、大气温度、土壤湿度和融雪时间等因素。
【赏析】①处是句子主干。②处为that引导的定语从句,修饰a computer model。③处为现在分词短语作 。
【即练】
We have fun with our family. We usually sit together, .我们和家人玩得很开心。我们通常坐在一起,欣赏天上美丽的月亮。
2.写作拓展
你校刚刚进行了安全演习,模拟紧急情况下的逃生。你是校英文报的编辑,打算以此为主题写一篇稿件。内容如下:
1.演习过程;
2.大家的感受。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.标题已给出,不计入总词数。
Emergency Drill
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UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS
课前基础自查
Ⅰ.1.wiser 2.efforts 3.Buried 4.are trapped 5.have been destroyed 6.ruined
Ⅱ.1.shocked; shocking; shocked; shock 2.power; powerful
3.effects; effective 4.dead; death 5.suffered; suffering 6.long; length; lengthen
Ⅲ.①to ②away ③as ④in ⑤if ⑥in ⑦on
Ⅳ.1.仿佛世界末日即将来临!
2.在政府的大力支持和全市人民的不懈努力下,一个全新的唐山在地震废墟上被建立起来了。
3.我正在和我的三个孩子一起吃早餐,这时水开始灌进我家。
课中考点突破
核心单词
1.①was affected ②Affected ③on ④Deeply affected by
2.①from ②Under ③from ④shelter their kids from
3.①shocked ②shocking; shocked ③in ④shocked the public
4.①buried ②burying ③himself ④Burying himself in his books/Buried in his books
5.①suffering ②suffering ③Having suffered ④suffered severe damage
6.①struck ②struck ③that ④I was struck a lot
7.①delivering ②was delivered ③delivered ④will deliver a speech
短语句式
8.①in ②ruining ③but also ruin our health
9.①is going ②were ③had done ④as if he had forgotten
10.①had walked ②when ③were swimming ④were packing to leave
课后应用拓展
基础多维巩固
维度1
1.are shocked 2.delivery 3.effect 4.suffering 5.Buried 6.Trapped 7.destroyed 8.struck 9.swept
维度2
1.the only way for us to survive 2.when I suddenly found
3.as if nothing had happened 4.have rescued me from 5.With so much work to do 6.too young to dress himself 7.It hit/struck me that
经典试题拓展
Ⅰ.
语篇解读 文章主要介绍了加州大树锐减的严重状况以及导致加州大树数目下降的诸多因素。
1.B 主旨题。通读第2段可知,该段主要介绍了加州大树的锐减情况。
2.A 推断题。根据第3段中的“Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources.”可推知, 实行火灾防控的措施虽然是出于好意,却对大树的生长不利。
3.C 细节题。根据最后一段中的the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures可知,McIntyre认为,水资源匮乏的一个主要原因是气温不断上升。
4.D 主旨题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了加州大树锐减的严重状况以及导致加州大树数目下降的诸多因素。故D项“California's Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone ”最适合作为本文的标题。
Ⅱ.
1.(1)以……为目标 (2)激进的 (3)降雨量 (4)出于好心的
(5)不足的
2.(1)C (2)B (3)C
3.(1)According to (2)have contributed to (3)is crowded with (4)figured out (5)The number of
Ⅲ.
1.(1)定语从句;后置定语 (2)伴随状语;admiring the beautiful moon up in the sky
2.
Emergency Drill
An emergency drill was held in our school last Friday afternoon. When the alarm bell rang, all the classes ran to the playground orderly and quickly. There were not any noises,but just the rapid paces. It took only one minute and forty seconds when the last class arrived. The head teacher praised all of us! Wang Jie, a new student in our class, was amazed at our reactions. “Never have I seen such great teamwork. You're so highly disciplined,” he said. In fact, everyone in the school likes such kind of drills, for it can improve our abilities to self-protect and self-rescue, which may save our lives in emergency.
2
课前基础自查——上承课前，下启课堂
Ⅰ.单句语法练
1.Older and (wise) now, Burchill chalked the incident up to youthful indiscretion(莽撞).
2.With the (effort) made by both sides, we began to understand each other better.
3. (bury) in his study, he didn't know that all the others had left.
4.However, I am sorry to hear that you (trap) in Britain due to severe epidemic there and cannot join the club to direct us.
5.More than 10,000 square kilometers (destroy) recently.
6.There is also the matter of tone. Who hasn't received an email so annoying that it (ruin) an entire day
Ⅱ.词形变化练
1.People were to know that the little girl was killed in an accident. The news all the people around,which was also a to her father who was working abroad.(shock)
2.It is beyond my to finish the task in two hours. (power)
3.An unhappy childhood may have some negative on a person's character;however,they are not always .(effect)
4.She is afraid of being , but sometimes will finally bring an end to her suffering. (dead)
5.As far as I know, he has ever from a serious illness. I'm so sorry about his .(suffer)
6.I want to know how the rope was, so I measured the of it. If necessary, we need to find a way to it. (long)
Ⅲ.短语拓展练
1.Today, natural disasters, such as floods, droughts, landslides, typhoons, hurricanes, tornadoes and tsunamis, often strike towns and villages, causing human deaths or great damage ① people's property. When a tsunami comes, the waves can crash buildings and sweep ② crops. Experts say people should stay calm ③ usual in the face of an emergency. Experts also give a summary of the effect of some natural disasters. Although they have an effect on people's lives, the effect is not as serious as people imagine.
2.A great earthquake struck the city and everyone was shocked. Ninety percent of the buildings lay ④ ruins, metal pipes and taps cracked, and bricks covered the ground. There was neither electricity nor water. It seemed as ⑤ the world were at an end. The government immediately organised rescue teams to evacuate people and take the trapped survivors to shelters ⑥ the open air. Some doctors ran over with first aid kits ⑦ hand. The helicopters delivered all kinds of supplies and the ambulances whistled by. The PLA also came to rescue the victims.Ⅳ.教材句式练
1.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!(as if引导表语从句)
翻译:
2.With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city's people, a new Tangshan
was built upon the earthquake ruins.(with的复合结构)
翻译:
3.I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.(be doing...when...)
翻译:
课中考点突破——顺承自查，夯实考点
【主题情境】
Many companies donated food, medicine and other things to help the survivors of the earthquake, but it was just a drop in the ocean of what was needed.许多公司捐赠食品、药品和其他东西来帮助地震幸存者, 但与所需物资相比,这只是杯水车薪。
The inoculation of COVID-19 vaccine is the most effective means to prevent and control COVID-19. In addition, we should stick to wearing masks, washing hands frequently and keeping social distance.接种新冠肺炎疫苗是预防和控制新冠肺炎最有效的手段。另外,我们要坚持戴口罩、勤洗手并保持社交距离。
【核心单词】
1.affect vt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动 (effect n.作用;影响 近义词:influence)
一测经典测试(探考向)
①(2022·浙江1月)I felt so helpless and insecure because the quality of my life (affect).
二清知识清障(累知识)
be deeply affected/moved/touched by... 被……深深打动
be affected with 感染……疾病
have an effect/influence on 对……产生影响
三评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
② (affect) with a serious disease, he was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery.
③The weight-loss pill has a strong side effect people's hearts.
④Many young people were deeply affected by his story and began to do volunteer work for the disabled.
→ his story, many young people began to do volunteer work for the disabled.(过去分词作状语)
2.shelter n.避难处;居所;庇护 vt.保护;掩蔽 vi.躲避(风雨或危险)
一测经典测试(探考向)
①(2023·江西赣州模拟)The parks are federally protected,but that does not shelter them the effects of warming temperatures.
二清知识清障(累知识)
take/seek shelter from 躲避……
under the shelter of 在……的庇护下
give shelter to 庇护
shelter...from... 保护……免于……
三评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
② the shelter of a tent,a crowd is gathered for a brunch.
③They sheltered a downpour under a tree.
④(2023·贵阳三中月考·写作)Some parents want to every kind of danger, real or imagined.有些父母想要保护他们的孩子免受任何危险,无论是真实的危险还是想象的危险。
3.shock vt.(使)震惊;使触电 n.休克;打击;震惊;令人震惊的事 (shocking adj.令人震惊的 shocked adj.感到震惊的)
一测经典测试(探考向)
①(2020·天津)Jones was (shock) when she said that she didn't actually mind being cheated.
二清知识清障(累知识)
be shocked by/at... 对……感到震惊
be shocked to do... 因做……而震惊
in shock 震惊地;休克
三评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
②After the news spread throughout the whole country,everyone felt .(shock)
③The kids only looked at the man, shock by his reaction.
④(2023·昆明一中模拟·写作)The news ,leading to great concern about students' safety at school.这个消息震惊了公众,引发了人们对在校学生安全的极大担忧。
4.bury vt.(buried, buried)埋葬;掩埋;隐藏;使陷入;使专心
一测经典测试(探考向)
①(2022·安徽三模)She was sitting there with her head (bury) in a newspaper.
二清知识清障(累知识)
be buried in=bury oneself in 埋头于;专心于
be buried in thought 陷入沉思
bury one's face in hands 双手掩面
三评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
②The girl was sitting on the bench in the park, (bury) her head in the book in her hands.
③Since Alice left, Tom has buried (he) in his work.
④(2023·青海西宁模拟·写作) , he was not aware it was raining outside.他埋头看书,不知道外面正在下雨。
5.suffer vt.遭受;蒙受 vi.因(疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦 (suffering n.痛苦;苦恼)
一测经典测试(探考向)
①(2022·浙江1月)Ms Burdeyney talked to some friends who had similar problems and
discovered that they were largely (suffer) in silence.
二清知识清障(累知识/析误区)
suffer pain/defeat/hardship/damage 遭受痛苦/失败/困难/破坏
suffer from 受……折磨;患……病
suffer指一般的损害、痛苦等,其宾语为 pain、 loss、 punishment、 hardship、 setback、 disappointment等。
suffer from表示遭受战争、自然灾害、困难及疾病等,其宾语为headache、 illness、 war、 flood 等。
三评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
②Death finally brought an end to her (suffer).
③ (suffer) defeat after defeat, he began to lose faith in himself.
④(2023·北京四中月考·写作)The Summer Palace, one of the most famous gardens in the world, during various periods of wars.颐和园——世界上最著名的花园之一——在不同的战争时期遭受了严重的破坏。
6.strike vt.& vi.(struck, struck/stricken) 击打;侵袭;罢工;袭击;报时;划(火柴);忽然想起 n.罢工;罢课;袭击
一测经典测试(探考向)
①(2021·全国乙)His comment (strike) me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout(布局).
二清知识清障(累知识)
be struck with/by... 为……所袭击/感动
It strikes me that... 我突然想到……
sth strikes sb 某人突然想到某事
be on strike 在罢工
go on strike 举行罢工
三评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
②A big earthquake (strike) the city last year, killing hundreds of people.
③It struck me playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team.
④(2023·山东济南模拟·写作)Meeting my dear teachers and fellow students after so many years was indeed a warm occasion, by which .这么多年以后遇到我亲爱的老师们和同学们真的是一个温暖的时刻,让我印象深刻。
7.deliver vt.&vi.递送;传达 vt.发表(演说等);生(小孩儿);接生
一测经典测试(探考向)
①(2021·新高考Ⅰ)The son of a grocer, he'd spent the summers of his childhood (deliver) food in Benardsville, New Jersey.
二清知识清障(累知识/析误区)
deliver...to sb把……传递给某人
deliver a speech发表演说
be delivered of (=give birth to)生……
与表示“给予”或“传递”的动词give、 pass后可接双宾语的情形不同,deliver习惯上不接双宾语,即不说deliver sb sth,而说deliver sth to sb。
三评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
②Helen's baby (deliver) by her own doctor.
③The express company will get all these goods (deliver) to the customers today.
④(2019·全国Ⅲ·写作)The opening ceremony will start at 9:00 am, and the schoolmaster .开幕式将于上午9点开始,校长将发表讲话。
【短语句式】
8.in ruins 严重受损;破败不堪 (ruin n.毁灭;毁坏;废墟 vt.使毁坏;破坏)
一清知识清障(累知识)
be/lie in ruins成为废墟;毁灭
come/fall into ruin(因缺乏照料而)衰落;败落
bring...to ruin使……失败;使……毁坏
ruin one's hope/health毁掉某人的希望/健康
二评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
①After the wave came, the sand castle on the beach lay ruins.
②It rained for three weeks on end,completely (ruin) our holiday.
③(2022·河北张家口模拟·写作)The accumulation of rubbish in the streets may not only dirty the city .街道上堆积的垃圾不仅影响市容,还危害我们的健康。
9.as if 引导表语从句
(P50)It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!仿佛世界末日即将来临!
一清知识清障(累知识/析误区)
句中的as if = as though,意为“仿佛;好像”,引导表语从句,常放在be、 look、 seem、 sound、 smell、 feel等系动词之后。
(1)如果所引导的从句表示的是真实的或极有可能发生的情况时,从句的谓语动词要用陈述语气。
(2)如果所引导的从句只是表示一种假设的情况,从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气,其形式如下:
①did(与现在事实相反)
②had done(与过去事实相反)
③would/could/might do(与将来事实相反)
如果as if引导的从句的主语和主句的主语一致,并且从句谓语含有be的某种形式,则省略“从句主语+be”,从句就变成了“as if/though+adj./adv./介词短语/to do/doing/done”。
二评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
①Hurry up! It looks as if the train (go) to move in two minutes.
②More generally,the Internet functions as if it (be) my memory.
③It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I (do) it
④(2022·新高考Ⅰ·写作)David insisted on running all his weaknesses, though he was tripped over within a few kilometers. 大卫坚持跑步,好像忘记了他所有的弱点,尽管他在几公里内被绊倒了。
10.be doing...when...
(P54)I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.我正在和我的三个孩子一起吃早餐,这时水开始灌进我家。
一清知识清障(累知识/析误区)
be doing...when... 正在做……这时……
be about to do...when... 正要做……这时……
had (just) done...when... 刚做了……这时……
be on the point of doing...when... 正要做……这时……
“be doing...when...”句型中的when为并列连词,表示“这时;突然”,相当于and at this/that time。
二评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
①He (walk) for about a mile when a voluntary searcher found him.
②The thief was on the point of putting his hand into the lady's handbag the bus suddenly stopped.
③We (swim) in the lake when the storm started.
④(2023·四川宜宾模拟·写作)We for a weekend when my sister heard cries for help.当我妹妹听到呼救声时,我们正收拾行李准备去度周末。
课后应用拓展——源于教材，对标高考
【基础多维巩固】
维度1 词法强化练
1.(2022·浙江)“People from cultures that value relationships more than ours does (shock) by the thought of eating alone in front of a computer,” says Art Markman, a professor of psychology at the University of Texas, Austin.
2.(2022·北京)Since people can't always eat out or cook for themselves, they get takeout or order (deliver).
3.(2022·浙江1月)More research is needed to see if improved fitness could have a positive (affect) on the risk of dementia and also to look at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is most important.
4.(2022·新高考Ⅰ)It is also being used to help patients (suffer) dementia, a serious illness of the mind.
5. (bury) under the ruins, the little girl was rather frightened.
6. (trap) in the ruins, the girl still held a positive attitude.
7.The earthquake was so big that most of the houses in the small village were completely (destroy).
8.A wonderful idea (strike) me suddenly when I was walking on the street.
9.The dustman (sweep) all the fallen leaves up into a pile on this street yesterday.
维度2 写作增分练
1.(2023·成都树德中学月考·写作)人类生活被认为是自然的一部分,我们存活下去的唯一方法是与自然和谐相处。
Human life is regarded as part of nature, and is to live in harmony with nature.
2.(2023·河北邯郸模拟·写作)我正开车去伦敦,这时我突然发现我走错了路。
I was driving down to London that I was on the wrong road.
3.我建议你应该像什么事也没有发生过一样待在这儿。
I suggest that you should stay here .
4.我很感激你把我从困境中解救了出来。
I'm grateful that you the difficult situation.
5.有这么多工作要做,我不能和你一起出去看电影。
, I can't go out to see a film with you.
6.这男孩太小了,还不会自己穿衣服。
The boy is .
7.我突然想到我应该给妈妈买一条项链作为生日礼物。
I should buy a necklace for my mother as a birthday gift.
【经典试题拓展】
(2019·浙江·阅读理解C篇)
主题:人与环境、人与动植物
California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素).
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46,000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for
resources(资源).
But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪).
Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.
Ⅰ.经典考题练
1.What is the second paragraph mainly about
A.The increasing variety of California big trees.
B.The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
C.The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D.The influence of farming on big trees in California.
2.Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees
A.Fire control measures.
B.Banning woodcutting.
C.Ecological studies of forests.
D.Limiting housing development.
3.What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre
A.Inadequate snowmelt.
B.A longer dry season.
C.A warmer climate.
D.Dampness of the air.
4.What can be a suitable title for the passage
A.Patrick McIntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California
B.Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests
C.Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
D.California's Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone
Ⅱ.高考词汇练
1.积累阅读词汇
(1)target v.
(2)aggressive adj.
(3)rainfall n.
(4)well-intentioned adj.
(5)inadequate adj.
2.巧辨熟词生义
(1)across A.prep.穿过 B.prep.在……对面 C.adv.宽
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46,000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds.
(2)spare A.adj.不用的;闲置的 B.v.幸免
C.v.留出
No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles.
(3)document A.n.文件 B.v.记录 C.v.用文献支持(证明)
But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
3.活用高频短语
according to; the number of; contribute to; be crowded with; figure out
(1) observers, the plane exploded shortly after take-off.
(2)In fact, so far natural disasters the continent's economic crisis.
(3)The old town square people every day, including local citizens and tourists.
(4)He carefully what time the first train would pass by.
(5) new students decreased from 210 to 160 this year.
Ⅲ.靓句美篇练
1.难句赏析
(1)(赏结构)But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees① that was evident even in wildlands② protected from woodcutting or development③.
【句意】但是,将20世纪20年代至30年代对加州森林进行的一项研究与2001至2010年的另外一项研究对比之后,McIntyre和他的同事证实了即使在禁止砍伐和开发的荒地,大树的大面积死亡也是非常明显的。
【赏析】①处为句子主干。②处为that 引导的 ,修饰a widespread death of big trees。③处为过去分词短语作 , 修饰wildlands。
(2)(赏结构) The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model① that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed②, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt③.
【句意】研究人员用一个计算机模型计算出水压,该模型计算出树木获得的水量,并与其所需的水量进行比较,同时考虑到降雨量、大气温度、土壤湿度和融雪时间等因素。
【赏析】①处是句子主干。②处为that引导的定语从句,修饰a computer model。③处为现在分词短语作 。
【即练】
We have fun with our family. We usually sit together, .我们和家人玩得很开心。我们通常坐在一起,欣赏天上美丽的月亮。
2.写作拓展
你校刚刚进行了安全演习,模拟紧急情况下的逃生。你是校英文报的编辑,打算以此为主题写一篇稿件。内容如下:
1.演习过程;
2.大家的感受。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.标题已给出,不计入总词数。
Emergency Drill
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UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS
课前基础自查
Ⅰ.1.wiser 2.efforts 3.Buried 4.are trapped 5.have been destroyed 6.ruined
Ⅱ.1.shocked; shocking; shocked; shock 2.power; powerful
3.effects; effective 4.dead; death 5.suffered; suffering 6.long; length; lengthen
Ⅲ.①to ②away ③as ④in ⑤if ⑥in ⑦on
Ⅳ.1.仿佛世界末日即将来临!
2.在政府的大力支持和全市人民的不懈努力下,一个全新的唐山在地震废墟上被建立起来了。
3.我正在和我的三个孩子一起吃早餐,这时水开始灌进我家。
课中考点突破
核心单词
1.①was affected ②Affected ③on ④Deeply affected by
2.①from ②Under ③from ④shelter their kids from
3.①shocked ②shocking; shocked ③in ④shocked the public
4.①buried ②burying ③himself ④Burying himself in his books/Buried in his books
5.①suffering ②suffering ③Having suffered ④suffered severe damage
6.①struck ②struck ③that ④I was struck a lot
7.①delivering ②was delivered ③delivered ④will deliver a speech
短语句式
8.①in ②ruining ③but also ruin our health
9.①is going ②were ③had done ④as if he had forgotten
10.①had walked ②when ③were swimming ④were packing to leave
课后应用拓展
基础多维巩固
维度1
1.are shocked 2.delivery 3.effect 4.suffering 5.Buried 6.Trapped 7.destroyed 8.struck 9.swept
维度2
1.the only way for us to survive 2.when I suddenly found
3.as if nothing had happened 4.have rescued me from 5.With so much work to do 6.too young to dress himself 7.It hit/struck me that
经典试题拓展
Ⅰ.
语篇解读 文章主要介绍了加州大树锐减的严重状况以及导致加州大树数目下降的诸多因素。
1.B 主旨题。通读第2段可知,该段主要介绍了加州大树的锐减情况。
2.A 推断题。根据第3段中的“Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources.”可推知, 实行火灾防控的措施虽然是出于好意,却对大树的生长不利。
3.C 细节题。根据最后一段中的the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures可知,McIntyre认为,水资源匮乏的一个主要原因是气温不断上升。
4.D 主旨题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了加州大树锐减的严重状况以及导致加州大树数目下降的诸多因素。故D项“California's Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone ”最适合作为本文的标题。
Ⅱ.
1.(1)以……为目标 (2)激进的 (3)降雨量 (4)出于好心的
(5)不足的
2.(1)C (2)B (3)C
3.(1)According to (2)have contributed to (3)is crowded with (4)figured out (5)The number of
Ⅲ.
1.(1)定语从句;后置定语 (2)伴随状语;admiring the beautiful moon up in the sky
2.
Emergency Drill
An emergency drill was held in our school last Friday afternoon. When the alarm bell rang, all the classes ran to the playground orderly and quickly. There were not any noises,but just the rapid paces. It took only one minute and forty seconds when the last class arrived. The head teacher praised all of us! Wang Jie, a new student in our class, was amazed at our reactions. “Never have I seen such great teamwork. You're so highly disciplined,” he said. In fact, everyone in the school likes such kind of drills, for it can improve our abilities to self-protect and self-rescue, which may save our lives in emergency.
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