人教版（2019） 必修 第三册 Unit 2 Morals and Virtues 学案（含答案）
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UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES
课前基础自查——上承课前，下启课堂
Ⅰ.单句语法练
1.Fear and hate for others is usually caused by ignorance (无知). We're scared the things that we don't understand.
2.New inventions like 3D printers have been used to make (replace) hearts and bone parts.
3.She offered me practical (assist) with my research.
4.We (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.
5.Even soccer fans tend (have) a seat each; gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match.
6.It's no use (complain) about the heavy air pollution without taking action.
7.I refuse to lie about it; it's against my (principle).
Ⅱ.词形变化练
1.To keep , he set aside two hours a day to take exercise. That's why he is always full of .(energy)
2.He was as our monitor in the of our class yesterday. As our monitor, he can choose to manage our class by himself, and he can also some classmates to help him to manage it.(elect)
3.Now there is a for more and more young people to take exercise in the gym. Because there are some trainers to you when you are in trouble there. You'd better not go there at about 6:00 pm, since it to get very crowded then.(tend)
4.The of students in our class want to in English literature at college.(major)
Ⅲ.短语拓展练
1.Many students complained ① the high tuition fees of the university. But the related official responded ② it, “We charge fees based on certain rules, and our scholarship is on the increase. Of course, we will try our best to carry ③ families in need. After all, the majority ④ students are supported by their parents.”
2.According to the schedule, Tim will graduate ⑤ the famous university next year. On the way to school, he was injured. Fortunately, a nurse passing by gave him ⑥ aid. He thanked her ⑦ tears.
Ⅳ.教材句式练
1.To a person nothing is more precious than their life...(否定词与比较级连用表示最高级含义)
翻译:
2.She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.(the+序数词+名词+to do sth)
翻译:
3.Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road.(neither...nor...)
翻译:
课中考点突破——顺承自查，夯实考点
【主题情境】
Since the 1960s, Huang Dafa has led the masses for more than 30 years to chisel a 9,400 meters long “life canal” across three villages on the cliff with hoes, steel chisels, hammers and hands, ending the long history of water shortage in Caowangba. Villagers affectionately call this canal “Dafa Canal”. 20世纪60年代起,黄大发带领群众,靠着锄头、钢凿、铁锤和双手,前后经历30余年,在绝壁上凿出一条长9400米,地跨3个村的“生命渠”,结束了草王坝长期缺水的历史。乡亲们亲切地把这条渠称为“大发渠”。
Known as “the Mother of a Thousand Babies” and “Angel of Life”, Lin Qiaozhi, a famed obstetrician and gynecologist in China, delivered over 50,000 babies in her career, though she didn't marry or have any children. “My only companion is the telephone by my bed,” Doctor Lin once said.中国著名的妇产科医生林巧稚被称为“万婴之母”和“生命天使”,在她的职业生涯中,她接生了5万多个婴儿,然而她没有结婚也没有生孩子。林医生曾说:“我唯一的伴侣就是我床边的电话。”
【核心单词】
1.majority n.大多数;大部分 (major n.& v.主修;专业 adj.较大的;主要的 反义词:minority)
一测经典测试(探考向)
①(2022·北京)But using machine learning and artificial intelligence, some scientists propose that human diets consist of at least 26,000 biochemicals—and that the vast (major) are not known.
二清知识清障(累知识/析误区)
a/the majority of...大多数……
in the/a majority构成大部分/大多数
major in主修……; 以……为专业
“the/a majority of+名词”表示“大多数”,当其作主语时,谓语动词的数与of后面的名词保持一致;the majority单独作主语时,谓语动词用单复数均可。
三评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
②Only a (minor) of people in that city don't have a car while the people taking subway to work are a majority.
③In fact, he inspires me to major English in college, to be a bridge between China and the world.
④(2023·哈尔滨三中月考·写作)School is our second home where we .学校是我们的第二个家,我们花大部分时间在这里生活和学习。
2.respond vt.回答;回复 vi.做出反应;回应 (response n.回答;反应 近义词:answer,reply,react)
一测经典测试(探考向)
①(2022·北京)As a peer group, you decide what is covered in each session. That way, PASS directly responds your needs and feedback.
二清知识清障(累知识/析误区)
respond to... 对……做出回应;对……有反应
in response to 作为对……的反应
give/make no response to...对……不予回应
respond主要用作不及物动词,若后接宾语应借助介词to;作及物动词时,后接that从句可引出直接引语。
三评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
② response to the features above, the following measures have been taken in system design.
③The famous film star made no (respond) to the questions asked by reporters.
④(2023·广东中山模拟·写作) the Sunshine Sports Activities launched by our school, we have organized long-distance running in the morning.为了响应学校发起的阳光体育活动,我们组织了早上的长跑活动。
3.appoint vt.约定;指定时间、地点等;任命;委派 (appointment n.任命;约会)
一测经典测试(探考向)
①(2020·新高考Ⅱ)To remember all the questions you have when you are not in the doctor's office, write them down and bring the list with you to your (appoint).
二清知识清障(累知识)
appoint sb as/to be... 任命某人为……
appoint sb to do sth 委派某人做某事
make/have/fix an appointment with sb 与某人预约
by appointment 按照预定
三评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
②They appointed Tom captain of the American team.
③All consultations are appointment only.
④(2023·浙江温州模拟·写作)Thank you for your recognition of me and of the student union.感谢大家对我的肯定,任命我为学生会主席。
4.tend vt.照顾;照料 vi.倾向;趋于 (tendency n.倾向;趋势)
一测经典测试(探考向)
①(2022·北京)Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend (ignore) our health.
二清知识清障(累知识)
tend to do sth 有做某事的倾向/趋势
tend to/towards sth 趋向……
tend to sb/sth 照料;看管
have a tendency to do sth有做某事的倾向
三评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
②The sort of music I hear varies, but tends popular music.
③I have a (tend) to talk too much when I'm nervous.
④(2023·华中师大附中月考·写作)If you do not understand the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance, you it difficult to learn Tang poetry.如果你不提前了解唐朝的历史,你往往会发现很难学会唐诗。
5.scare vt.使恐惧 vi.受惊吓 (scared adj.恐惧的;惊恐的 scary adj.恐怖的;可怕的)
一测经典测试(探考向)
①(2021·浙江1月)Well, Ms McDaniel, I don't think I can make it. Public speaking (scare) me.
二清知识清障(累知识)
scare sb into doing sth 恐吓某人做某事
scare...away/off 把……吓跑
be scared to death 吓得要死
be scared to do sth/of doing sth 害怕做某事
三评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
②They lighted a fire to scare the wolves.
③Rock climbing was fun but I was (scare) to death from the start.
④(2023·河南南阳模拟·写作)I heard a strange sound at midnight outside my house and .半夜的时候听到我的房子外面有奇怪的声音,我感到很害怕。
6.replace vt.取代;接替;更换 (replacement n.更换;复位;替代品)
一测经典测试(探考向)
①(2022·全国乙)In spring, the snow was replaced mud over ice.
二清知识清障(累知识/析误区)
replace...with/by...用……替换……
in place of sb=in one's place 代替某人
take one's place=take the place of sb=replace sb 代替某人
in place of是介词短语,不单独作谓语;replace、take one's place 和take the place of 是动词(短语),可作谓语。
三评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
②It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced a modern hotel or not.
③Typewriters and computer keyboards will (replace) by microphones and memory chips in the future.
④找一个人来代替现在的经理是不容易的。(一句多译)
→It would be difficult to find a man the present manager.
→It would be difficult to find a man the present manager.
7.harm n.伤害;损害 vt.损害;危害 (harmful adj.有害的;造成伤害的 harmless adj.无害的;不会导致损伤的)
一测经典测试(探考向)
①(2022·北京)Fearful that he might have an intention (harm) her, Helen started to run.
二清知识清障(累知识)
do/cause harm to... 对……造成伤害
out of harm's way在安全的地方
There is no harm in doing sth.做某事没有害处。
be harmful to... 对……有害
三评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
②Staring at the screen of the computer for a long time will do harm your eyes.
③There is no harm giving gifts to children, but they should not be rewards.
④(2023·辽宁本溪模拟·写作)Breaking traffic rules and littering life and the environment.违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾对生活和环境造成了极大的危害。
【短语句式】
8.a great deal (of) 许多;大量
一清知识清障(累知识/析误区)
a great (good) many/a large (great) number of 修饰可数名词复数
a great (large) amount of/a great deal of 修饰不可数名词
a lot of/lots of/a large quantity of/quantities of 修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词
无论quantities of修饰的是可数名词还是不可数名词,其作主语时,谓语动词都用复数形式。
二评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
①A great deal (finish), but there is still much to be done.
②Stop complaining! A good many people (be) happy to have work now.
③During Qingdao Beer Festival last year, a great deal of beer (sell) out.
④Jackie has worked at many different hospitals, including one in Scotland.(词汇升级)
→Jackie has worked at different hospitals, including one in Scotland.
9.否定词与比较级连用表示最高级含义
(P16)To a person nothing is more precious than their life...对一个人来说,没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了……
一清知识清障(累知识)
句中的“nothing is more precious than...”为否定词与比较级连用,表示最高级含义。表示最高级含义的几种特殊结构:
nothing/no+so+原级+as...
否定词+比较级(+than...)
比较级+than+any other+可数名词单数
比较级+than+all (the) other+可数名词复数
比较级+than+anyone else
比较级+than+any of the other+可数名词复数
比较级+than+the rest of+可数名词复数或不可数名词
can/could+never/not+...+比较级...
二评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
①How exciting the Women's Volleyball World Cup is! I have never watched a (exciting) match before.
②How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a (good) voice before.
③就我个人而言, 身体健康最重要。因此, 我们经常在新建的体育场参加各种各样的课外活动。(一句多译)
→In my view, .As a result, we often take part in varieties of after-school activities in the newly-built stadium.(最高级)
→From my point of view, .As a consequence, we often take part in varieties of after-school activities in the newly-built stadium.(否定词与比较级连用表示最高级含义)
10.the+序数词(+名词)+to do sth
(P16)She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.她很快成为第一位被聘为北京协和医学院妇产科住院医师的女性。
一清知识清障(累知识)
the+序数词(+名词)+to do sth表示“第几个做某事的……”,此处的to do sth 作后置定语,修饰其前的序数词或序数词所修饰的名词。
常用动词不定式作定语的情况:
①当被修饰的名词是ability、ambition、attempt、chance、courage、desire、decision、effort、failure、moment、promise等一些表示企图、努力、愿望、打算、能力等意义的名词时,常用动词不定式作定语。
②当被修饰的名词前有the only、the next、the best、the first、the last以及有序数词或形容词最高级的词汇时,常常用动词不定式作定语。
③当被修饰的词为something、nothing、anything等不定代词时,常用动词不定式作定语。
④当定语表示未来的、还没发生的动作时,常用动词不定式作定语。
二评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
①I became the first middle school student (get) admitted as a volunteer for the 2024 Paris Olympic Games.
②China, considered to be the first nation (invent) paper, has made a great contribution to the progress of world civilization.
③(2023·河北石家庄二中月考·写作)I would really like to interview Liu Yang, because she is not only the first Chinese woman but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world.我确实想要采访刘洋,因为她不仅是第一位进入太空的中国女性,而且她也是世界上最伟大的宇航员之一。
课后应用拓展——源于教材，对标高考
【基础多维巩固】
维度1 词法强化练
1.(2022·新高考Ⅱ)“Think of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is (flexibly), but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken,” says Dr Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas.
2.(2022·全国甲)Oh, they're replacing them catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they're not so elegant, and they're not fun to pilot.
3.(2021·北京)UNESCO will provide limited (insure) coverage up to USD 30,000 for the internship period.
4.(2021·新高考Ⅱ)A new exhibition in Halifax uses everyday activities to explain the hidden math (principle) we all use on a regular basis.
5.(2021·浙江)The summer before my eighth grade I was one of a group of boys that a neighboring farmer (hire) to work in his field.
6.(2021·新高考Ⅱ)I told him how (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options.
7.My English teacher always assists me my English study.
8.I whispered a secret him without being noticed by others.
9.I was really sad to hear that the famous artist passed .
10.Demand for personal computers has risen (sharp).
维度2 写作增分练
1.(2023·河南郑州一中月考·写作)我被委派负责安排那天的所有活动。
I to take charge of arranging all the activities on that day.
2.(2023·四川宜宾一中月考·写作)首先,我去年做过类似的工作,这使我在操作电脑方面有了经验,这一定会帮助我更好地完成工作。
First of all, I took a similar job last year, which makes me experienced in and it will surely help me do a better job.
3.中国是第一个向太空发射宇宙飞船的发展中国家。
China is spaceship into the space.
4.我已经花了大量时间提升我的数学。
I have spent my maths.
5.为了纪念祖国74岁生日(人们)举办了大型集会。
A great assembly was held the 74th birthday of the motherland.
6.他们牢固的关系帮助他们度过了艰难岁月。
Their strong relationship .
【经典试题拓展】
(2022·新高考Ⅰ·阅读理解C篇)
主题:公益事业与志愿服务
The elderly residents(居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people's well-being. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind.Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said,“I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school.
“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see they've gone to bed.
“It's good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I'm enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.”
There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said, “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said, “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
Ⅰ.经典考题练
1.What is the purpose of the project
A.To ensure harmony in care homes.
B.To raise money for medical research.
C.To provide part-time jobs for the aged.
D.To promote the elderly people's welfare.
2.How has the project affected Ruth Xavier
A.She has learned new life skills.
B.She has recovered her memory.
C.She has gained a sense of achievement.
D.She has developed a strong personality.
3.What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in Paragraph 7
A.Improve. B.Oppose.
C.Begin. D.Evaluate.
4.What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs
A.It is well received.
B.It is highly profitable.
C.It needs to be more creative.
D.It takes ages to see the results.
Ⅱ.高考词汇练
1.积累阅读词汇
(1)loneliness n.
(2)well-being n.
(3)staff n.
(4)session n.
(5)promote v.
(6)welfare n.
(7)profitable adj.
2.巧辨熟词生义
(1)keep A.v.保持 B.v.养;饲养 C.v.放;存放
She said: “I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school.”
(2)focus A.v.集中(注意力、精力等于)
B.n.(光、声等的)焦点 C.n.重点
It's good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them.
3.活用高频短语
in use; take part in; used to; look forward to; be well received
(1)How many countries the 19th Asian Games Hangzhou 2022
(2)Children are always the coming of the Spring Festival.
(3)If your dictionary is not , I'd like to borrow it.
(4)The Chinese medical group by the world because of their superb medical skills.
(5)In ancient times, the Chinese relay messages along the Great Wall by lighting fires.
Ⅲ.靓句美篇练
1.难句赏析
(赏意境)People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I'm enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.
【句意】人们带着他们的孩子来看母鸡,居民们也来坐在外面看它们。我很喜欢这些创造性的活动,做了些有用的事情感觉很棒。
【赏析】Ruth Xavier 养鸡使她有不同的关注点,她很喜欢这种有创意的活动,做了些有用的事让她感觉很好,由此可以推断出她从养鸡这项活动中获得了成就感。这能让考生们想到应该积极劳动,在劳动中掌握技能。
2.写作拓展
青年强则国强,榜样的力量是无穷的。假定你是李华,你校英语报正在进行主题为“My role model”的征文活动。你有意参加,请写一篇文章,内容须包括:
1.你心目中的青年榜样是谁 他(她)有怎样的优良品质
2.用一个具体事例说明他(她)的品质。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.开头部分已给出,不计入总词数。
When comes to role models, people always think about some pop stars or heroes, but my role model is
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
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UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES
课前基础自查
Ⅰ.1.of 2.replacement 3.assistance 4.hired 5.to have 6.complaining 7.principles
Ⅱ.1.energetic; energy 2.elected; election; elect 3.tendency; tending; tends 4.majority; major
Ⅲ.①about ②to ③through ④of ⑤from ⑥first ⑦in
Ⅳ.1.对一个人来说,没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了……
2.她很快成为第一位被聘为北京协和医学院妇产科住院医师的女性。
3.她和她的朋友们都没有想过把石头从大路上挪开。
课中考点突破
核心单词
1.①majority ②minority; in ③in ④spend the majority of time living and learning
2.①to ②In ③response ④In response to
3.①appointment ②as ③by ④appointing me as the chairman
4.①to ignore ②to/towards ③tendency ④will tend to find
5.①scares ②away/off ③scared ④got scared
6.①by ②with/by ③be replaced ④in place of;to replace/to take the place of
7.①to harm ②to ③in ④do serious harm to
短语句式
8.①has been finished ②are ③was sold ④a great (good) many/a large (great) number of
9.①more exciting ②better ③health is the most important thing;nothing is more important than health
10.①to get ②to invent ③to go to space
课后应用拓展
基础多维巩固
维度1
1.flexible 2.with 3.insurance 4.principles 5.hired
6.harmful 7.with 8.to 9.away 10.sharply
维度2
1.was appointed 2.operating computers 3.the first developing country to send 4.a great deal of time improving 5.in memory of 6.carried them through difficult times
经典试题拓展
Ⅰ.
语篇解读 本文主要介绍了一个旨在减少孤独、改善老年人健康状况的项目。
1.D 推断题。根据第2段中的“The project was dreamed up by a local charity to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people's well-being.”可知,这个项目的目的是提高老年人的幸福感。
2.C 推断题。根据第5段中的“I'm enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.”可知,Ruth Xavier通过该项目获得了一种成就感。
3.C 词义推断题。根据画线处后的“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”以及画线处前的one of the first 可知,Wendy Wilson是着手这项工程的人之一,故embark on意为“开始;着手”。
4.A 推断题。根据倒数第2段中的“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions.”可知,该项目的反响很好。
Ⅱ.
1.(1)孤独 (2)健康;幸福 (3)全体职工 (4)会议;会期 (5)促进;提升 (6)幸福;福利 (7)有利润的;有益的
2.(1)B (2)C
3.(1)took part in (2)looking forward to (3)in use (4)was well received (5)used to
Ⅲ.
2.
When comes to role models, people always think about some pop stars or heroes, but my role model is my cousin.
My cousin is an ordinary math teacher. When I was a child, I was always thought to be weak because I'm thin and weak in sports and math. Not only my teachers and classmates, but also my mother always scolded that how stupid I was. But my cousin didn't think so. Instead of scolding me, she always encouraged me,“Don't give up, and just try again.” Besides, she also helped me with math. Because of her patient and good teaching, I found math was so interesting and became good at it day by day. Because of her encouragement, I overcame lots of difficulties and regained my confidence.
2
课前基础自查——上承课前，下启课堂
Ⅰ.单句语法练
1.Fear and hate for others is usually caused by ignorance (无知). We're scared the things that we don't understand.
2.New inventions like 3D printers have been used to make (replace) hearts and bone parts.
3.She offered me practical (assist) with my research.
4.We (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.
5.Even soccer fans tend (have) a seat each; gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match.
6.It's no use (complain) about the heavy air pollution without taking action.
7.I refuse to lie about it; it's against my (principle).
Ⅱ.词形变化练
1.To keep , he set aside two hours a day to take exercise. That's why he is always full of .(energy)
2.He was as our monitor in the of our class yesterday. As our monitor, he can choose to manage our class by himself, and he can also some classmates to help him to manage it.(elect)
3.Now there is a for more and more young people to take exercise in the gym. Because there are some trainers to you when you are in trouble there. You'd better not go there at about 6:00 pm, since it to get very crowded then.(tend)
4.The of students in our class want to in English literature at college.(major)
Ⅲ.短语拓展练
1.Many students complained ① the high tuition fees of the university. But the related official responded ② it, “We charge fees based on certain rules, and our scholarship is on the increase. Of course, we will try our best to carry ③ families in need. After all, the majority ④ students are supported by their parents.”
2.According to the schedule, Tim will graduate ⑤ the famous university next year. On the way to school, he was injured. Fortunately, a nurse passing by gave him ⑥ aid. He thanked her ⑦ tears.
Ⅳ.教材句式练
1.To a person nothing is more precious than their life...(否定词与比较级连用表示最高级含义)
翻译:
2.She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.(the+序数词+名词+to do sth)
翻译:
3.Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road.(neither...nor...)
翻译:
课中考点突破——顺承自查，夯实考点
【主题情境】
Since the 1960s, Huang Dafa has led the masses for more than 30 years to chisel a 9,400 meters long “life canal” across three villages on the cliff with hoes, steel chisels, hammers and hands, ending the long history of water shortage in Caowangba. Villagers affectionately call this canal “Dafa Canal”. 20世纪60年代起,黄大发带领群众,靠着锄头、钢凿、铁锤和双手,前后经历30余年,在绝壁上凿出一条长9400米,地跨3个村的“生命渠”,结束了草王坝长期缺水的历史。乡亲们亲切地把这条渠称为“大发渠”。
Known as “the Mother of a Thousand Babies” and “Angel of Life”, Lin Qiaozhi, a famed obstetrician and gynecologist in China, delivered over 50,000 babies in her career, though she didn't marry or have any children. “My only companion is the telephone by my bed,” Doctor Lin once said.中国著名的妇产科医生林巧稚被称为“万婴之母”和“生命天使”,在她的职业生涯中,她接生了5万多个婴儿,然而她没有结婚也没有生孩子。林医生曾说:“我唯一的伴侣就是我床边的电话。”
【核心单词】
1.majority n.大多数;大部分 (major n.& v.主修;专业 adj.较大的;主要的 反义词:minority)
一测经典测试(探考向)
①(2022·北京)But using machine learning and artificial intelligence, some scientists propose that human diets consist of at least 26,000 biochemicals—and that the vast (major) are not known.
二清知识清障(累知识/析误区)
a/the majority of...大多数……
in the/a majority构成大部分/大多数
major in主修……; 以……为专业
“the/a majority of+名词”表示“大多数”,当其作主语时,谓语动词的数与of后面的名词保持一致;the majority单独作主语时,谓语动词用单复数均可。
三评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
②Only a (minor) of people in that city don't have a car while the people taking subway to work are a majority.
③In fact, he inspires me to major English in college, to be a bridge between China and the world.
④(2023·哈尔滨三中月考·写作)School is our second home where we .学校是我们的第二个家,我们花大部分时间在这里生活和学习。
2.respond vt.回答;回复 vi.做出反应;回应 (response n.回答;反应 近义词:answer,reply,react)
一测经典测试(探考向)
①(2022·北京)As a peer group, you decide what is covered in each session. That way, PASS directly responds your needs and feedback.
二清知识清障(累知识/析误区)
respond to... 对……做出回应;对……有反应
in response to 作为对……的反应
give/make no response to...对……不予回应
respond主要用作不及物动词,若后接宾语应借助介词to;作及物动词时,后接that从句可引出直接引语。
三评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
② response to the features above, the following measures have been taken in system design.
③The famous film star made no (respond) to the questions asked by reporters.
④(2023·广东中山模拟·写作) the Sunshine Sports Activities launched by our school, we have organized long-distance running in the morning.为了响应学校发起的阳光体育活动,我们组织了早上的长跑活动。
3.appoint vt.约定;指定时间、地点等;任命;委派 (appointment n.任命;约会)
一测经典测试(探考向)
①(2020·新高考Ⅱ)To remember all the questions you have when you are not in the doctor's office, write them down and bring the list with you to your (appoint).
二清知识清障(累知识)
appoint sb as/to be... 任命某人为……
appoint sb to do sth 委派某人做某事
make/have/fix an appointment with sb 与某人预约
by appointment 按照预定
三评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
②They appointed Tom captain of the American team.
③All consultations are appointment only.
④(2023·浙江温州模拟·写作)Thank you for your recognition of me and of the student union.感谢大家对我的肯定,任命我为学生会主席。
4.tend vt.照顾;照料 vi.倾向;趋于 (tendency n.倾向;趋势)
一测经典测试(探考向)
①(2022·北京)Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend (ignore) our health.
二清知识清障(累知识)
tend to do sth 有做某事的倾向/趋势
tend to/towards sth 趋向……
tend to sb/sth 照料;看管
have a tendency to do sth有做某事的倾向
三评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
②The sort of music I hear varies, but tends popular music.
③I have a (tend) to talk too much when I'm nervous.
④(2023·华中师大附中月考·写作)If you do not understand the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance, you it difficult to learn Tang poetry.如果你不提前了解唐朝的历史,你往往会发现很难学会唐诗。
5.scare vt.使恐惧 vi.受惊吓 (scared adj.恐惧的;惊恐的 scary adj.恐怖的;可怕的)
一测经典测试(探考向)
①(2021·浙江1月)Well, Ms McDaniel, I don't think I can make it. Public speaking (scare) me.
二清知识清障(累知识)
scare sb into doing sth 恐吓某人做某事
scare...away/off 把……吓跑
be scared to death 吓得要死
be scared to do sth/of doing sth 害怕做某事
三评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
②They lighted a fire to scare the wolves.
③Rock climbing was fun but I was (scare) to death from the start.
④(2023·河南南阳模拟·写作)I heard a strange sound at midnight outside my house and .半夜的时候听到我的房子外面有奇怪的声音,我感到很害怕。
6.replace vt.取代;接替;更换 (replacement n.更换;复位;替代品)
一测经典测试(探考向)
①(2022·全国乙)In spring, the snow was replaced mud over ice.
二清知识清障(累知识/析误区)
replace...with/by...用……替换……
in place of sb=in one's place 代替某人
take one's place=take the place of sb=replace sb 代替某人
in place of是介词短语,不单独作谓语;replace、take one's place 和take the place of 是动词(短语),可作谓语。
三评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
②It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced a modern hotel or not.
③Typewriters and computer keyboards will (replace) by microphones and memory chips in the future.
④找一个人来代替现在的经理是不容易的。(一句多译)
→It would be difficult to find a man the present manager.
→It would be difficult to find a man the present manager.
7.harm n.伤害;损害 vt.损害;危害 (harmful adj.有害的;造成伤害的 harmless adj.无害的;不会导致损伤的)
一测经典测试(探考向)
①(2022·北京)Fearful that he might have an intention (harm) her, Helen started to run.
二清知识清障(累知识)
do/cause harm to... 对……造成伤害
out of harm's way在安全的地方
There is no harm in doing sth.做某事没有害处。
be harmful to... 对……有害
三评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
②Staring at the screen of the computer for a long time will do harm your eyes.
③There is no harm giving gifts to children, but they should not be rewards.
④(2023·辽宁本溪模拟·写作)Breaking traffic rules and littering life and the environment.违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾对生活和环境造成了极大的危害。
【短语句式】
8.a great deal (of) 许多;大量
一清知识清障(累知识/析误区)
a great (good) many/a large (great) number of 修饰可数名词复数
a great (large) amount of/a great deal of 修饰不可数名词
a lot of/lots of/a large quantity of/quantities of 修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词
无论quantities of修饰的是可数名词还是不可数名词,其作主语时,谓语动词都用复数形式。
二评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
①A great deal (finish), but there is still much to be done.
②Stop complaining! A good many people (be) happy to have work now.
③During Qingdao Beer Festival last year, a great deal of beer (sell) out.
④Jackie has worked at many different hospitals, including one in Scotland.(词汇升级)
→Jackie has worked at different hospitals, including one in Scotland.
9.否定词与比较级连用表示最高级含义
(P16)To a person nothing is more precious than their life...对一个人来说,没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了……
一清知识清障(累知识)
句中的“nothing is more precious than...”为否定词与比较级连用,表示最高级含义。表示最高级含义的几种特殊结构:
nothing/no+so+原级+as...
否定词+比较级(+than...)
比较级+than+any other+可数名词单数
比较级+than+all (the) other+可数名词复数
比较级+than+anyone else
比较级+than+any of the other+可数名词复数
比较级+than+the rest of+可数名词复数或不可数名词
can/could+never/not+...+比较级...
二评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
①How exciting the Women's Volleyball World Cup is! I have never watched a (exciting) match before.
②How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a (good) voice before.
③就我个人而言, 身体健康最重要。因此, 我们经常在新建的体育场参加各种各样的课外活动。(一句多译)
→In my view, .As a result, we often take part in varieties of after-school activities in the newly-built stadium.(最高级)
→From my point of view, .As a consequence, we often take part in varieties of after-school activities in the newly-built stadium.(否定词与比较级连用表示最高级含义)
10.the+序数词(+名词)+to do sth
(P16)She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.她很快成为第一位被聘为北京协和医学院妇产科住院医师的女性。
一清知识清障(累知识)
the+序数词(+名词)+to do sth表示“第几个做某事的……”,此处的to do sth 作后置定语,修饰其前的序数词或序数词所修饰的名词。
常用动词不定式作定语的情况:
①当被修饰的名词是ability、ambition、attempt、chance、courage、desire、decision、effort、failure、moment、promise等一些表示企图、努力、愿望、打算、能力等意义的名词时,常用动词不定式作定语。
②当被修饰的名词前有the only、the next、the best、the first、the last以及有序数词或形容词最高级的词汇时,常常用动词不定式作定语。
③当被修饰的词为something、nothing、anything等不定代词时,常用动词不定式作定语。
④当定语表示未来的、还没发生的动作时,常用动词不定式作定语。
二评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
①I became the first middle school student (get) admitted as a volunteer for the 2024 Paris Olympic Games.
②China, considered to be the first nation (invent) paper, has made a great contribution to the progress of world civilization.
③(2023·河北石家庄二中月考·写作)I would really like to interview Liu Yang, because she is not only the first Chinese woman but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world.我确实想要采访刘洋,因为她不仅是第一位进入太空的中国女性,而且她也是世界上最伟大的宇航员之一。
课后应用拓展——源于教材，对标高考
【基础多维巩固】
维度1 词法强化练
1.(2022·新高考Ⅱ)“Think of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is (flexibly), but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken,” says Dr Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas.
2.(2022·全国甲)Oh, they're replacing them catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they're not so elegant, and they're not fun to pilot.
3.(2021·北京)UNESCO will provide limited (insure) coverage up to USD 30,000 for the internship period.
4.(2021·新高考Ⅱ)A new exhibition in Halifax uses everyday activities to explain the hidden math (principle) we all use on a regular basis.
5.(2021·浙江)The summer before my eighth grade I was one of a group of boys that a neighboring farmer (hire) to work in his field.
6.(2021·新高考Ⅱ)I told him how (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options.
7.My English teacher always assists me my English study.
8.I whispered a secret him without being noticed by others.
9.I was really sad to hear that the famous artist passed .
10.Demand for personal computers has risen (sharp).
维度2 写作增分练
1.(2023·河南郑州一中月考·写作)我被委派负责安排那天的所有活动。
I to take charge of arranging all the activities on that day.
2.(2023·四川宜宾一中月考·写作)首先,我去年做过类似的工作,这使我在操作电脑方面有了经验,这一定会帮助我更好地完成工作。
First of all, I took a similar job last year, which makes me experienced in and it will surely help me do a better job.
3.中国是第一个向太空发射宇宙飞船的发展中国家。
China is spaceship into the space.
4.我已经花了大量时间提升我的数学。
I have spent my maths.
5.为了纪念祖国74岁生日(人们)举办了大型集会。
A great assembly was held the 74th birthday of the motherland.
6.他们牢固的关系帮助他们度过了艰难岁月。
Their strong relationship .
【经典试题拓展】
(2022·新高考Ⅰ·阅读理解C篇)
主题:公益事业与志愿服务
The elderly residents(居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people's well-being. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind.Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said,“I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school.
“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see they've gone to bed.
“It's good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I'm enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.”
There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said, “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said, “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
Ⅰ.经典考题练
1.What is the purpose of the project
A.To ensure harmony in care homes.
B.To raise money for medical research.
C.To provide part-time jobs for the aged.
D.To promote the elderly people's welfare.
2.How has the project affected Ruth Xavier
A.She has learned new life skills.
B.She has recovered her memory.
C.She has gained a sense of achievement.
D.She has developed a strong personality.
3.What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in Paragraph 7
A.Improve. B.Oppose.
C.Begin. D.Evaluate.
4.What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs
A.It is well received.
B.It is highly profitable.
C.It needs to be more creative.
D.It takes ages to see the results.
Ⅱ.高考词汇练
1.积累阅读词汇
(1)loneliness n.
(2)well-being n.
(3)staff n.
(4)session n.
(5)promote v.
(6)welfare n.
(7)profitable adj.
2.巧辨熟词生义
(1)keep A.v.保持 B.v.养;饲养 C.v.放;存放
She said: “I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school.”
(2)focus A.v.集中(注意力、精力等于)
B.n.(光、声等的)焦点 C.n.重点
It's good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them.
3.活用高频短语
in use; take part in; used to; look forward to; be well received
(1)How many countries the 19th Asian Games Hangzhou 2022
(2)Children are always the coming of the Spring Festival.
(3)If your dictionary is not , I'd like to borrow it.
(4)The Chinese medical group by the world because of their superb medical skills.
(5)In ancient times, the Chinese relay messages along the Great Wall by lighting fires.
Ⅲ.靓句美篇练
1.难句赏析
(赏意境)People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I'm enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.
【句意】人们带着他们的孩子来看母鸡,居民们也来坐在外面看它们。我很喜欢这些创造性的活动,做了些有用的事情感觉很棒。
【赏析】Ruth Xavier 养鸡使她有不同的关注点,她很喜欢这种有创意的活动,做了些有用的事让她感觉很好,由此可以推断出她从养鸡这项活动中获得了成就感。这能让考生们想到应该积极劳动,在劳动中掌握技能。
2.写作拓展
青年强则国强,榜样的力量是无穷的。假定你是李华,你校英语报正在进行主题为“My role model”的征文活动。你有意参加,请写一篇文章,内容须包括:
1.你心目中的青年榜样是谁 他(她)有怎样的优良品质
2.用一个具体事例说明他(她)的品质。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.开头部分已给出,不计入总词数。
When comes to role models, people always think about some pop stars or heroes, but my role model is
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UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES
课前基础自查
Ⅰ.1.of 2.replacement 3.assistance 4.hired 5.to have 6.complaining 7.principles
Ⅱ.1.energetic; energy 2.elected; election; elect 3.tendency; tending; tends 4.majority; major
Ⅲ.①about ②to ③through ④of ⑤from ⑥first ⑦in
Ⅳ.1.对一个人来说,没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了……
2.她很快成为第一位被聘为北京协和医学院妇产科住院医师的女性。
3.她和她的朋友们都没有想过把石头从大路上挪开。
课中考点突破
核心单词
1.①majority ②minority; in ③in ④spend the majority of time living and learning
2.①to ②In ③response ④In response to
3.①appointment ②as ③by ④appointing me as the chairman
4.①to ignore ②to/towards ③tendency ④will tend to find
5.①scares ②away/off ③scared ④got scared
6.①by ②with/by ③be replaced ④in place of;to replace/to take the place of
7.①to harm ②to ③in ④do serious harm to
短语句式
8.①has been finished ②are ③was sold ④a great (good) many/a large (great) number of
9.①more exciting ②better ③health is the most important thing;nothing is more important than health
10.①to get ②to invent ③to go to space
课后应用拓展
基础多维巩固
维度1
1.flexible 2.with 3.insurance 4.principles 5.hired
6.harmful 7.with 8.to 9.away 10.sharply
维度2
1.was appointed 2.operating computers 3.the first developing country to send 4.a great deal of time improving 5.in memory of 6.carried them through difficult times
经典试题拓展
Ⅰ.
语篇解读 本文主要介绍了一个旨在减少孤独、改善老年人健康状况的项目。
1.D 推断题。根据第2段中的“The project was dreamed up by a local charity to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people's well-being.”可知,这个项目的目的是提高老年人的幸福感。
2.C 推断题。根据第5段中的“I'm enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.”可知,Ruth Xavier通过该项目获得了一种成就感。
3.C 词义推断题。根据画线处后的“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”以及画线处前的one of the first 可知,Wendy Wilson是着手这项工程的人之一,故embark on意为“开始;着手”。
4.A 推断题。根据倒数第2段中的“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions.”可知,该项目的反响很好。
Ⅱ.
1.(1)孤独 (2)健康;幸福 (3)全体职工 (4)会议;会期 (5)促进;提升 (6)幸福;福利 (7)有利润的;有益的
2.(1)B (2)C
3.(1)took part in (2)looking forward to (3)in use (4)was well received (5)used to
Ⅲ.
2.
When comes to role models, people always think about some pop stars or heroes, but my role model is my cousin.
My cousin is an ordinary math teacher. When I was a child, I was always thought to be weak because I'm thin and weak in sports and math. Not only my teachers and classmates, but also my mother always scolded that how stupid I was. But my cousin didn't think so. Instead of scolding me, she always encouraged me,“Don't give up, and just try again.” Besides, she also helped me with math. Because of her patient and good teaching, I found math was so interesting and became good at it day by day. Because of her encouragement, I overcame lots of difficulties and regained my confidence.
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