人教版（2019）必修 第三册 Unit 4 Space Exploration学案 （含答案）
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UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
课前基础自查——上承课前，下启课堂
Ⅰ.单句语法练
1.Music has been called the (universe) language.
2.We recognize that (globe) warming should be reduced by our joint effort.
3.As an airline, we're (current) in the process of turning all our planes into electric airplanes.
4.We received a number of complaints from customers about the lack of parking (facility).
5.The police (signal) the traffic to move forward slowly.
Ⅱ.词形变化练
1.Today,the weather was really because it was raining. Arriving at the park, we were to find it was not open today. To our ,the library was closed, too.(disappoint)
2.Children are always about everything they see and hear.They will ask all kinds of questions .To meet their ,we'd better answer them.(curiosity)
3.Only those who have enough courage and can be to overcome the difficulty they meet. (determine)
4.He used to be on his parents. However, to prove his , he decided to move out and live an life. (depend)
5.He is a highly child. In other words, he is a person of high .(intelligent)
Ⅲ.短语拓展练
1.Toby didn't sleep well last night. As ① result of lack of sleep,he felt quite sleepy but he still carried ② driving. At last,his careless driving resulted ③ a terrible accident.
2.Tom made full use of every minute to study ④ the hope of being admitted into Peking University. So ⑤ to achieve his dream, he tried to figure ⑥ what he didn't understand. ⑦ closing, his dream came true.
Ⅳ.教材句式练
1.This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.(This/That is because...)
翻译:
2.Firstly, exploring space has already made a differencein the fight against world hunger.(动名词短语作主语)
翻译:
课中考点突破——顺承自查，夯实考点
【主题情境】
China's first Mars exploration mission had achieved rich scientific results, the China National Space Administration (CNSA) said on September 18, 2022. So far, the Tianwen-1 orbiter has been operating normally for over 780 days, and the rover Zhu Rong has traveled 1,921 meters on the surface of Mars.中国国家航天局(CNSA)2022年9月18日表示,中国首次火星探测任务取得了丰富的科学成果。到目前为止,“天问一号”已正常运行780多天,“祝融号”火星车已在火星表面前行1921米。
Chinese astronauts on the Shenzhou XIV completed their second spacewalk on September 17, 2022. Cai Xuzhe opened an extravehicular hatch on the Tiangong space station at 1:35 pm and stepped into space. He was followed by mission commander Chen Dong.2022年9月17日,“神舟十四号”上的中国航天员完成了第二次太空行走。蔡旭哲于下午1时35分打开了天宫空间站舱外舱门,进入太空。紧随其后的是指令长陈冬。
【核心单词】
1.disappointed adj.失望的;沮丧的 (disappointing adj.令人失望的;扫兴的 disappointment n.失望;灰心;扫兴;令人失望的事或人 disappoint vt.使失望)
一测经典测试(探考向)
①(2021·新高考Ⅱ)It was hard for us to finally part with them. For the first few days, Kynan was always a bit (disappoint) that the cubs weren't there.
二清知识清障(累知识)
be disappointed at/by sth 对某事失望
be disappointed with/in sb/sth 对某人/某事失望
be disappointed to do sth 失望地做某事
to one's disappointment 令某人失望的是
三评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
②Whenever he didn't perform well in his studies, his mother would blame him bitterly, expressing her (disappoint) to him.
③Visitors were disappointed (find) the museum closed.
④(2023·山东潍坊模拟·写作) ,it rained on the day of the picnic.令她极为失望的是,野餐那天下起了雨。
2.desire n.渴望;欲望;渴求 vt.渴望;期望 (desirable adj.向往的;可取的;值得拥有的)
一测经典测试(探考向)
①(2021·全国乙)These days, safety regulations—not to mention the modern sports fan's desire a good view and a comfortable seat—tend to keep stadium capacities slightly lower.
二清知识清障(累知识/析误区)
have a desire for sth/to do sth 渴望某事物/做某事
desire to do sth渴望做某事
desire sb to do sth想要某人做某事
desire that...渴望……
desire不用于进行时态;其后接宾语从句时,从句中的谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”。
三评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
②We desire that immediate help (give) to the local villagers who have been trapped by the flood.
③We all share a common desire pleasure, connection, and something that is greater than us.
④If you , there is nothing to do with others' thoughts.如果你想挑战自己,那么与别人的想法无关。
3.signal n.信号;标志 vt.& vi.发信号;示意;标明;标志着
一测经典测试(探考向)
①(2021·浙江1月)In one case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, (signal): “Climb on me.”
二清知识清障(累知识)
traffic signals 交通信号灯
send out a signal 发出信号
signal (to) sb to do sth 示意某人做某事
signal (sb) that... 示意(某人)……
三评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
②The change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning (signal) that we really have changed our planet.
③The traffic police (signal) to the driver to stop his car by raising his hand.
④(2023·山东师大附中月考·写作)The Lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, . 农历正月十五是元宵节,这标志着春节庆祝活动的结束。
4.lack vi.& vt.缺乏;没有 n.缺乏;短缺的东西 (lacking adj. 缺少的;缺乏的)
一测经典测试(探考向)
①(2022·全国甲)“Many people say that we (lack) culture in this country,” he told me.
二清知识清障(累知识/析误区)
lack sth 缺少某物
(a) lack of... 缺少……
for lack of... 因缺少……
be lacking in 缺少;不足
lack作名词时,常与介词of连用。lack作及物动词时直接加宾语;作不及物动词时,常与介词for连用。形容词lacking常与in连用。
三评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
②Though (lack) money, his parents managed to send him to a university.
③Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered from blindness lack of proper treatment.
④(2023·江苏镇江模拟·写作) , the number of Yangtze finless porpoise once decreased. Due to the effective protection, the downward trend has been initially curbed.由于缺乏人类的保护,长江江豚的数量曾经减少。由于保护得力,目前下降的趋势已经得到初步控制。
5.argue vi.& vt.讨论;争论;说服;辩论 (argument n.争论;争辩;论点 近义词:discuss, debate)
一测经典测试(探考向)
①(2022·浙江1月)In this book, he (argue) that as we seek to escape pain or sorrow, we're weakening ourselves and may lose our adaptability to deal with pain in the future.
二清知识清障(累知识/析误区)
argue with sb about/over sth与某人争论某事
argue for/against sth 支持/反对某事
argue sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事
argue sb out of doing sth 说服某人不要做某事
beyond argument无可争论
表示“说服某人做某事”的表达还有persuade sb to do sth、persuade sb into doing sth、convince sb to do sth、talk sb into doing sth等。
三评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
②How I regretted arguing her about the important question, which made us all unhappy.
③We tried many ways to argue him following our advice, but in vain.
④(2023·重庆一中月考·写作)It's no use for he won't change his mind.和他争论这个问题是没有用的,因为他不会改变主意。
6.attach vt.& vi.附加;缚上;系上;贴上;使依恋;连接 (attached adj.附属于;依恋的)
一测经典测试(探考向)
①(2021·全国乙)How (attach) are you to your landline How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries
二清知识清障(累知识)
attach... to...把……附在……上;把……固定到……上
attach importance/significance to重视;认为……重要/有意义
be attached to 依恋;爱慕;留恋;附属于
三评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
②My parents always attach importance my getting a good education.
③This hospital (attach) to the medical college nearby was destroyed in the flood.
④He is attached to the network games so that he often plays truant(逃课).
→ ,he often plays truant.(过去分词短语作状语)
→ , he often plays truant.(现在分词短语作状语)
【短语句式】
7.run out (某物)用完;耗尽
一清知识清障(累知识/析误区)
run out of sth 用完某物
use up 用完;耗尽
give out 用完;耗尽;筋疲力尽;公布;放出
run out of=use up,表示主动意义,主语一般是人;run out=be used up,表示被动意义,主语通常是物。
二评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
①If they run out certain daily necessities,
Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what's needed.
②If you eat, you'll get thirsty and your water will run .
③(2023·湖南岳阳模拟·写作)Saving has become very important as many natural resources on the earth .节约已变得很重要,因为地球上许多自然资源即将枯竭。
8.动名词(短语)作主语
(P44)Firstly, exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.首先,探索太空已经在战胜世界饥饿方面发挥了作用。
一清知识清障(累知识)
句中的exploring space为动名词(短语)作主语。
动名词(短语)作主语有以下几种常见情况:
①直接位于句首作主语。
②用it作形式主语,把动名词(短语),即真正的主语置于句尾。常用于“It is no use doing...”“It is no good doing...”“It is fun doing...”“It is a waste of time doing...”等句型中。
③动名词的复合结构作主语。当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时,常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格作动名词的逻辑主语,构成动名词的复合结构。
二评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
① (work) in these conditions is not a pleasure.
②Their (come) to help was a great encouragement to us.
③Unfortunately, (burn) coal causes serious air pollution and increases global warming.
④(2023·江西鹰潭模拟·写作) makes me relaxed after a busy day.听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。
课后应用拓展——源于教材，对标高考
【基础多维巩固】
维度1 词法强化练
1.(2022·北京)If researchers can't keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, (disappoint) and anger, Johnson warns.
2.(2022·新高考Ⅰ)As a special education teacher at the school, I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong (determine).
3.(2021·浙江)Many people in China have (limit) exposure to English.
4.(2021·北京)From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world, (result) in USD 2,970 billion in economic loss.
5.(2021·北京)The mental health benefits from music can't (argue).Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the scenes.
6.A survey carried last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged in this city were in favour of the proposal on health care reform.
7.He desired to live (independent) after graduating from college.
8.The (transmit) of the satellite cost the country a lot of money.
9.Food supplies in the flood-stricken area are running .We must act immediately before there's none left.
维度2 写作增分练
1.(2023·河南郑州一中月考·写作)练中国功夫不仅可以强身健体,而且可以塑造我们的性格。
Practicing Chinese kung fu can not only strengthen our body, .
2.为了帮助孩子们培养团队精神, 课后将组织小组活动。
Group activities will be organized after class .
3.他们又说又笑地走进房间。
,they went into the room.
4.这个孩子很吵,那是因为他试图引起你的注意。
the child is noisy he is trying to get your attention.
5.早睡早起是个好习惯。
is a good habit.
6.如果这些症状持续存在,就有必要去看医生。
If the symptoms persist, to go to your doctor.
【经典试题拓展】
(2020·全国Ⅰ·阅读理解D篇)
主题:地球与宇宙奥秘探索
The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research.Recent studies have found positive effects.A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime.In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT) have taken it a step further—changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse,even unusual functions.These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water and a
plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.“We're thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,” explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(发光) in experiments using some common vegetables.Strano's team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours.The light, about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start.The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps.
In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant's lifetime.The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US.Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)—such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway—a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输).Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.
Ⅰ.经典考题练
1.What is the first paragraph mainly about
A.A new study of different plants.
B.A big fall in crime rates.
C.Employees from various workplaces.
D.Benefits from green plants.
2.What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineers
A.To detect plants' lack of water.
B.To change compositions of plants.
C.To make the life of plants longer.
D.To test chemicals in plants.
3.What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future
A.They will speed up energy production.
B.They may transmit electricity to the home.
C.They might help reduce energy consumption.
D.They could take the place of power plants.
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A.Can we grow more glowing plants
B.How do we live with glowing plants
C.Could glowing plants replace lamps
D.How are glowing plants made pollution-free
Ⅱ.高考词汇练
1.积累阅读词汇
(1)productive adj.
(2)houseplant n.
(3)composition n.
(4)diverse adj.
(5)function n.
(6)sensor n.
(7)detect v.
(8)chemical n.
2.巧辨熟词生义
(1)perform A.v.执行 B.v.表演 C.v.工作;运转(好/不好)
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT) have taken it a step further—changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse,even unusual functions.
(2)engineer A.n.工程师 B.v.密谋策划 C.v.改变(动植物等的)基因结构
We're thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day...
(3)light A.n.光;光线 B.v.照亮 C.v.点燃
The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps.
3.活用高频短语
be short of; be exposed to; account for; take the place of; speed up
(1)Be careful when you deal with this chemical, as it will explode when it sunlight.
(2)We will not put out the forest fire before Saturday unless we .
(3)I money, and can't afford a new smartphone to replace my old one.
(4)Weather, traffic and sport now around 40% of local television newscasts.
(5)Nothing can the family environment which is full of love in the world.
Ⅲ.靓句美篇练
1.难句赏析
(1)(赏结构)These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water① and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater②.
【句意】这些包括叶面上印有传感器来显示何时缺水的植物,以及能探测地下水中的有害化学物质的植物。
【赏析】本句主干为“These include plants... and a plant...”。①处为 that 引导的定语从句, 修饰先行词 plants,从句中包含了when 引导的 。have sensors printed为“have sth done”结构,表示“ ”。②处为 that 引导的定语从句, 修饰先行词 a plant。
【即练】
Jeremy's car is in terrible condition! He is going to . He hopes it won't be too expensive!Jeremy的车状况很糟!他打算把车修一下。他希望(修车的费用)不要太贵!
(2)(赏结构)The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
【句意】工程师们也在尝试开发一种开关——在有阳光时,其光亮度会逐渐减弱。
【赏析】画线处为where 引导的定语从句,修饰先行词 switch,关系副词在从句中作地点状语,从句中包含一个由when引导的时间状语从句的省略句式。
2.写作拓展
假定你是李华,上周参加了市天文馆(planetarium)举办的为期两天的太空体验项目。请给你的新西兰笔友Paul写封邮件,分享此次经历。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
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UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
课前基础自查
Ⅰ.1.universal 2.global 3.currently 4.facilities 5.signalled
Ⅱ.1.disappointing; disappointed; disappointment 2.curious; curiously; curiosity 3.determination; determined 4.dependent; independence; independent 5.intelligent; intelligence
Ⅲ.1.①a ②on ③in ④in ⑤as ⑥out ⑦In
Ⅳ.1.这是因为人们坚信太空探索的重要性,哪怕面临巨大的风险。
2.首先,探索太空已经在战胜世界饥饿方面发挥了作用。
课中考点突破
核心单词
1.①disappointed ②disappointment ③to find ④To her great disappointment
2.①for ②(should) be given ③for ④desire to challenge yourself
3.①signalling ②signals ③signalled ④signalling the end of the Spring Festival celebrations
4.①lack ②lacking ③for ④For lack of human protection
5.①argues ②with ③into ④arguing with him about the question
6.①attached ②to ③attached ④Attached to the network games;Attaching himself to the network games
短语句式
7.①of ②out ③are running out
8.①Working ②coming ③burning ④Listening to music
课后应用拓展
基础多维巩固
维度1
1.disappointment 2.determination 3.limited 4.resulting 5.be argued 6.out 7.independently 8.transmission 9.out
维度2
1.but also build up our character 2.to help children develop team spirit 3.Talking and smiling 4.The reason why;is that
5.Going to bed early and getting up early 6.it is necessary
经典试题拓展
Ⅰ.
语篇解读 本文主要讲述了关于植物与人类关系的新发现,并且介绍了几项有关植物的新研究。
1.D 推断题。根据第1段第2句“Recent studies have found positive effects.”以及后面举出的两个实例可知,本段主要讲了绿色植物带来的好处。
2.A 细节题。根据第2段中的“These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water...”可知,植物叶子上的传感器的作用主要是显示植物是否缺水。
3.C 推断题。第3段讲到了研究人员希望用发光植物照亮卧室,用作路灯;第4段讲到了研究人员想在植物上设置开关以节能;第5段讲到了用发光植物减少电能长途运输的损耗。根据以上内容可知,研究人员希望未来的发光植物能减少能源消耗。
4.C 主旨题。本文第3、4、5段都讲述了发光植物这一共同话题,是文章的主旨所在,而且这三段都讲到了用绿色植物来照明这一问题。A项文中没提到种植发光植物的问题;B项偷换概念,文中讲述的是研究人员希望用发光植物来节能,而不是我们如何用发光植物来生活;D项无中生有。
Ⅱ.
1.(1)富有成效的;高效的 (2)室内盆栽植物 (3)构成;组成;成分 (4)多种多样的;不同的 (5)功能 (6)(探测光、热等的)传感器;感应装置 (7)探测;检测 (8)化学物质; 化学品
2.(1)A (2)C (3)B
3.(1)is exposed to (2)speed up (3)am short of (4)account for (5)take the place of
Ⅲ.
1.宾语从句;使某事被 (别人)做;have his car fixed
2.
Dear Paul,
Remember I'd signed up for the space program Well, I just got back from the two-day simulated manned flight activity, and it was awesome!
We started out with some theory, and then launched model rockets. After that we tried the simulator. I put on a spacesuit and tried walking in a world with zero gravity. It's strange to float around like that! In fact, many people got space sick! Luckily, I felt fine. Then I returned to the capsule and travelled to the “Moon” for some lunar exploration. You should join such programs, too.I believe you'll love it.
Best wishes.
Yours,
Li Hua
2
课前基础自查——上承课前，下启课堂
Ⅰ.单句语法练
1.Music has been called the (universe) language.
2.We recognize that (globe) warming should be reduced by our joint effort.
3.As an airline, we're (current) in the process of turning all our planes into electric airplanes.
4.We received a number of complaints from customers about the lack of parking (facility).
5.The police (signal) the traffic to move forward slowly.
Ⅱ.词形变化练
1.Today,the weather was really because it was raining. Arriving at the park, we were to find it was not open today. To our ,the library was closed, too.(disappoint)
2.Children are always about everything they see and hear.They will ask all kinds of questions .To meet their ,we'd better answer them.(curiosity)
3.Only those who have enough courage and can be to overcome the difficulty they meet. (determine)
4.He used to be on his parents. However, to prove his , he decided to move out and live an life. (depend)
5.He is a highly child. In other words, he is a person of high .(intelligent)
Ⅲ.短语拓展练
1.Toby didn't sleep well last night. As ① result of lack of sleep,he felt quite sleepy but he still carried ② driving. At last,his careless driving resulted ③ a terrible accident.
2.Tom made full use of every minute to study ④ the hope of being admitted into Peking University. So ⑤ to achieve his dream, he tried to figure ⑥ what he didn't understand. ⑦ closing, his dream came true.
Ⅳ.教材句式练
1.This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.(This/That is because...)
翻译:
2.Firstly, exploring space has already made a differencein the fight against world hunger.(动名词短语作主语)
翻译:
课中考点突破——顺承自查，夯实考点
【主题情境】
China's first Mars exploration mission had achieved rich scientific results, the China National Space Administration (CNSA) said on September 18, 2022. So far, the Tianwen-1 orbiter has been operating normally for over 780 days, and the rover Zhu Rong has traveled 1,921 meters on the surface of Mars.中国国家航天局(CNSA)2022年9月18日表示,中国首次火星探测任务取得了丰富的科学成果。到目前为止,“天问一号”已正常运行780多天,“祝融号”火星车已在火星表面前行1921米。
Chinese astronauts on the Shenzhou XIV completed their second spacewalk on September 17, 2022. Cai Xuzhe opened an extravehicular hatch on the Tiangong space station at 1:35 pm and stepped into space. He was followed by mission commander Chen Dong.2022年9月17日,“神舟十四号”上的中国航天员完成了第二次太空行走。蔡旭哲于下午1时35分打开了天宫空间站舱外舱门,进入太空。紧随其后的是指令长陈冬。
【核心单词】
1.disappointed adj.失望的;沮丧的 (disappointing adj.令人失望的;扫兴的 disappointment n.失望;灰心;扫兴;令人失望的事或人 disappoint vt.使失望)
一测经典测试(探考向)
①(2021·新高考Ⅱ)It was hard for us to finally part with them. For the first few days, Kynan was always a bit (disappoint) that the cubs weren't there.
二清知识清障(累知识)
be disappointed at/by sth 对某事失望
be disappointed with/in sb/sth 对某人/某事失望
be disappointed to do sth 失望地做某事
to one's disappointment 令某人失望的是
三评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
②Whenever he didn't perform well in his studies, his mother would blame him bitterly, expressing her (disappoint) to him.
③Visitors were disappointed (find) the museum closed.
④(2023·山东潍坊模拟·写作) ,it rained on the day of the picnic.令她极为失望的是,野餐那天下起了雨。
2.desire n.渴望;欲望;渴求 vt.渴望;期望 (desirable adj.向往的;可取的;值得拥有的)
一测经典测试(探考向)
①(2021·全国乙)These days, safety regulations—not to mention the modern sports fan's desire a good view and a comfortable seat—tend to keep stadium capacities slightly lower.
二清知识清障(累知识/析误区)
have a desire for sth/to do sth 渴望某事物/做某事
desire to do sth渴望做某事
desire sb to do sth想要某人做某事
desire that...渴望……
desire不用于进行时态;其后接宾语从句时,从句中的谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”。
三评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
②We desire that immediate help (give) to the local villagers who have been trapped by the flood.
③We all share a common desire pleasure, connection, and something that is greater than us.
④If you , there is nothing to do with others' thoughts.如果你想挑战自己,那么与别人的想法无关。
3.signal n.信号;标志 vt.& vi.发信号;示意;标明;标志着
一测经典测试(探考向)
①(2021·浙江1月)In one case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, (signal): “Climb on me.”
二清知识清障(累知识)
traffic signals 交通信号灯
send out a signal 发出信号
signal (to) sb to do sth 示意某人做某事
signal (sb) that... 示意(某人)……
三评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
②The change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning (signal) that we really have changed our planet.
③The traffic police (signal) to the driver to stop his car by raising his hand.
④(2023·山东师大附中月考·写作)The Lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, . 农历正月十五是元宵节,这标志着春节庆祝活动的结束。
4.lack vi.& vt.缺乏;没有 n.缺乏;短缺的东西 (lacking adj. 缺少的;缺乏的)
一测经典测试(探考向)
①(2022·全国甲)“Many people say that we (lack) culture in this country,” he told me.
二清知识清障(累知识/析误区)
lack sth 缺少某物
(a) lack of... 缺少……
for lack of... 因缺少……
be lacking in 缺少;不足
lack作名词时,常与介词of连用。lack作及物动词时直接加宾语;作不及物动词时,常与介词for连用。形容词lacking常与in连用。
三评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
②Though (lack) money, his parents managed to send him to a university.
③Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered from blindness lack of proper treatment.
④(2023·江苏镇江模拟·写作) , the number of Yangtze finless porpoise once decreased. Due to the effective protection, the downward trend has been initially curbed.由于缺乏人类的保护,长江江豚的数量曾经减少。由于保护得力,目前下降的趋势已经得到初步控制。
5.argue vi.& vt.讨论;争论;说服;辩论 (argument n.争论;争辩;论点 近义词:discuss, debate)
一测经典测试(探考向)
①(2022·浙江1月)In this book, he (argue) that as we seek to escape pain or sorrow, we're weakening ourselves and may lose our adaptability to deal with pain in the future.
二清知识清障(累知识/析误区)
argue with sb about/over sth与某人争论某事
argue for/against sth 支持/反对某事
argue sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事
argue sb out of doing sth 说服某人不要做某事
beyond argument无可争论
表示“说服某人做某事”的表达还有persuade sb to do sth、persuade sb into doing sth、convince sb to do sth、talk sb into doing sth等。
三评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
②How I regretted arguing her about the important question, which made us all unhappy.
③We tried many ways to argue him following our advice, but in vain.
④(2023·重庆一中月考·写作)It's no use for he won't change his mind.和他争论这个问题是没有用的,因为他不会改变主意。
6.attach vt.& vi.附加;缚上;系上;贴上;使依恋;连接 (attached adj.附属于;依恋的)
一测经典测试(探考向)
①(2021·全国乙)How (attach) are you to your landline How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries
二清知识清障(累知识)
attach... to...把……附在……上;把……固定到……上
attach importance/significance to重视;认为……重要/有意义
be attached to 依恋;爱慕;留恋;附属于
三评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
②My parents always attach importance my getting a good education.
③This hospital (attach) to the medical college nearby was destroyed in the flood.
④He is attached to the network games so that he often plays truant(逃课).
→ ,he often plays truant.(过去分词短语作状语)
→ , he often plays truant.(现在分词短语作状语)
【短语句式】
7.run out (某物)用完;耗尽
一清知识清障(累知识/析误区)
run out of sth 用完某物
use up 用完;耗尽
give out 用完;耗尽;筋疲力尽;公布;放出
run out of=use up,表示主动意义,主语一般是人;run out=be used up,表示被动意义,主语通常是物。
二评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
①If they run out certain daily necessities,
Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what's needed.
②If you eat, you'll get thirsty and your water will run .
③(2023·湖南岳阳模拟·写作)Saving has become very important as many natural resources on the earth .节约已变得很重要,因为地球上许多自然资源即将枯竭。
8.动名词(短语)作主语
(P44)Firstly, exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.首先,探索太空已经在战胜世界饥饿方面发挥了作用。
一清知识清障(累知识)
句中的exploring space为动名词(短语)作主语。
动名词(短语)作主语有以下几种常见情况:
①直接位于句首作主语。
②用it作形式主语,把动名词(短语),即真正的主语置于句尾。常用于“It is no use doing...”“It is no good doing...”“It is fun doing...”“It is a waste of time doing...”等句型中。
③动名词的复合结构作主语。当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时,常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格作动名词的逻辑主语,构成动名词的复合结构。
二评多向评价(练用法/写美句)
① (work) in these conditions is not a pleasure.
②Their (come) to help was a great encouragement to us.
③Unfortunately, (burn) coal causes serious air pollution and increases global warming.
④(2023·江西鹰潭模拟·写作) makes me relaxed after a busy day.听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。
课后应用拓展——源于教材，对标高考
【基础多维巩固】
维度1 词法强化练
1.(2022·北京)If researchers can't keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, (disappoint) and anger, Johnson warns.
2.(2022·新高考Ⅰ)As a special education teacher at the school, I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong (determine).
3.(2021·浙江)Many people in China have (limit) exposure to English.
4.(2021·北京)From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world, (result) in USD 2,970 billion in economic loss.
5.(2021·北京)The mental health benefits from music can't (argue).Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the scenes.
6.A survey carried last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged in this city were in favour of the proposal on health care reform.
7.He desired to live (independent) after graduating from college.
8.The (transmit) of the satellite cost the country a lot of money.
9.Food supplies in the flood-stricken area are running .We must act immediately before there's none left.
维度2 写作增分练
1.(2023·河南郑州一中月考·写作)练中国功夫不仅可以强身健体,而且可以塑造我们的性格。
Practicing Chinese kung fu can not only strengthen our body, .
2.为了帮助孩子们培养团队精神, 课后将组织小组活动。
Group activities will be organized after class .
3.他们又说又笑地走进房间。
,they went into the room.
4.这个孩子很吵,那是因为他试图引起你的注意。
the child is noisy he is trying to get your attention.
5.早睡早起是个好习惯。
is a good habit.
6.如果这些症状持续存在,就有必要去看医生。
If the symptoms persist, to go to your doctor.
【经典试题拓展】
(2020·全国Ⅰ·阅读理解D篇)
主题:地球与宇宙奥秘探索
The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research.Recent studies have found positive effects.A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime.In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT) have taken it a step further—changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse,even unusual functions.These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water and a
plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.“We're thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,” explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(发光) in experiments using some common vegetables.Strano's team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours.The light, about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start.The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps.
In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant's lifetime.The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US.Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)—such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway—a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输).Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.
Ⅰ.经典考题练
1.What is the first paragraph mainly about
A.A new study of different plants.
B.A big fall in crime rates.
C.Employees from various workplaces.
D.Benefits from green plants.
2.What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineers
A.To detect plants' lack of water.
B.To change compositions of plants.
C.To make the life of plants longer.
D.To test chemicals in plants.
3.What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future
A.They will speed up energy production.
B.They may transmit electricity to the home.
C.They might help reduce energy consumption.
D.They could take the place of power plants.
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A.Can we grow more glowing plants
B.How do we live with glowing plants
C.Could glowing plants replace lamps
D.How are glowing plants made pollution-free
Ⅱ.高考词汇练
1.积累阅读词汇
(1)productive adj.
(2)houseplant n.
(3)composition n.
(4)diverse adj.
(5)function n.
(6)sensor n.
(7)detect v.
(8)chemical n.
2.巧辨熟词生义
(1)perform A.v.执行 B.v.表演 C.v.工作;运转(好/不好)
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT) have taken it a step further—changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse,even unusual functions.
(2)engineer A.n.工程师 B.v.密谋策划 C.v.改变(动植物等的)基因结构
We're thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day...
(3)light A.n.光;光线 B.v.照亮 C.v.点燃
The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps.
3.活用高频短语
be short of; be exposed to; account for; take the place of; speed up
(1)Be careful when you deal with this chemical, as it will explode when it sunlight.
(2)We will not put out the forest fire before Saturday unless we .
(3)I money, and can't afford a new smartphone to replace my old one.
(4)Weather, traffic and sport now around 40% of local television newscasts.
(5)Nothing can the family environment which is full of love in the world.
Ⅲ.靓句美篇练
1.难句赏析
(1)(赏结构)These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water① and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater②.
【句意】这些包括叶面上印有传感器来显示何时缺水的植物,以及能探测地下水中的有害化学物质的植物。
【赏析】本句主干为“These include plants... and a plant...”。①处为 that 引导的定语从句, 修饰先行词 plants,从句中包含了when 引导的 。have sensors printed为“have sth done”结构,表示“ ”。②处为 that 引导的定语从句, 修饰先行词 a plant。
【即练】
Jeremy's car is in terrible condition! He is going to . He hopes it won't be too expensive!Jeremy的车状况很糟!他打算把车修一下。他希望(修车的费用)不要太贵!
(2)(赏结构)The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
【句意】工程师们也在尝试开发一种开关——在有阳光时,其光亮度会逐渐减弱。
【赏析】画线处为where 引导的定语从句,修饰先行词 switch,关系副词在从句中作地点状语,从句中包含一个由when引导的时间状语从句的省略句式。
2.写作拓展
假定你是李华,上周参加了市天文馆(planetarium)举办的为期两天的太空体验项目。请给你的新西兰笔友Paul写封邮件,分享此次经历。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
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UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
课前基础自查
Ⅰ.1.universal 2.global 3.currently 4.facilities 5.signalled
Ⅱ.1.disappointing; disappointed; disappointment 2.curious; curiously; curiosity 3.determination; determined 4.dependent; independence; independent 5.intelligent; intelligence
Ⅲ.1.①a ②on ③in ④in ⑤as ⑥out ⑦In
Ⅳ.1.这是因为人们坚信太空探索的重要性,哪怕面临巨大的风险。
2.首先,探索太空已经在战胜世界饥饿方面发挥了作用。
课中考点突破
核心单词
1.①disappointed ②disappointment ③to find ④To her great disappointment
2.①for ②(should) be given ③for ④desire to challenge yourself
3.①signalling ②signals ③signalled ④signalling the end of the Spring Festival celebrations
4.①lack ②lacking ③for ④For lack of human protection
5.①argues ②with ③into ④arguing with him about the question
6.①attached ②to ③attached ④Attached to the network games;Attaching himself to the network games
短语句式
7.①of ②out ③are running out
8.①Working ②coming ③burning ④Listening to music
课后应用拓展
基础多维巩固
维度1
1.disappointment 2.determination 3.limited 4.resulting 5.be argued 6.out 7.independently 8.transmission 9.out
维度2
1.but also build up our character 2.to help children develop team spirit 3.Talking and smiling 4.The reason why;is that
5.Going to bed early and getting up early 6.it is necessary
经典试题拓展
Ⅰ.
语篇解读 本文主要讲述了关于植物与人类关系的新发现,并且介绍了几项有关植物的新研究。
1.D 推断题。根据第1段第2句“Recent studies have found positive effects.”以及后面举出的两个实例可知,本段主要讲了绿色植物带来的好处。
2.A 细节题。根据第2段中的“These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water...”可知,植物叶子上的传感器的作用主要是显示植物是否缺水。
3.C 推断题。第3段讲到了研究人员希望用发光植物照亮卧室,用作路灯;第4段讲到了研究人员想在植物上设置开关以节能;第5段讲到了用发光植物减少电能长途运输的损耗。根据以上内容可知,研究人员希望未来的发光植物能减少能源消耗。
4.C 主旨题。本文第3、4、5段都讲述了发光植物这一共同话题,是文章的主旨所在,而且这三段都讲到了用绿色植物来照明这一问题。A项文中没提到种植发光植物的问题;B项偷换概念,文中讲述的是研究人员希望用发光植物来节能,而不是我们如何用发光植物来生活;D项无中生有。
Ⅱ.
1.(1)富有成效的;高效的 (2)室内盆栽植物 (3)构成;组成;成分 (4)多种多样的;不同的 (5)功能 (6)(探测光、热等的)传感器;感应装置 (7)探测;检测 (8)化学物质; 化学品
2.(1)A (2)C (3)B
3.(1)is exposed to (2)speed up (3)am short of (4)account for (5)take the place of
Ⅲ.
1.宾语从句;使某事被 (别人)做;have his car fixed
2.
Dear Paul,
Remember I'd signed up for the space program Well, I just got back from the two-day simulated manned flight activity, and it was awesome!
We started out with some theory, and then launched model rockets. After that we tried the simulator. I put on a spacesuit and tried walking in a world with zero gravity. It's strange to float around like that! In fact, many people got space sick! Luckily, I felt fine. Then I returned to the capsule and travelled to the “Moon” for some lunar exploration. You should join such programs, too.I believe you'll love it.
Best wishes.
Yours,
Li Hua
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