2024年高考英语人教版(2019)一轮复习 学案 微专题2 形容词和副词学案(含答案)

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名称 2024年高考英语人教版(2019)一轮复习 学案 微专题2 形容词和副词学案(含答案)
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更新时间 2024-01-25 22:15:04

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微专题2 形容词和副词
【情境导入】
朗读下列句子,体会、领悟黑体单词的用法。
①Abraham Lincoln was a self-made man.
②He was so tired that he fell asleep sitting in his chair.
③Martin found the work slightly dull.
④I have something important to tell you.
⑤He said quite positively that he would come.
⑥It's simply wonderful to see you!
⑦I heard pretty clearly then.
⑧Your coat is just behind the door.
⑨Frankly, I am not satisfied with your work.
[用法体悟]
(1)①②③④中的黑体形容词在句子中分别充当前置定语、    、    、    。
(2)⑤⑥⑦⑧中的黑体副词分别修饰    、形容词、    、    。
(3)⑨中的黑体副词用来修饰    。
【考点分析】
一、形容词和副词的类别
1.形容词可分为定语形容词和表语形容词。定语形容词位于名词前,修饰名词;表语形容词位于系动词后,作系动词的表语。
(2022·新高考Ⅱ)We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools.我们记者生活在一个讲故事的新时代,有许多新的多媒体工具。
2.副词一般分为时间副词、地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词、关系副词、连接副词等。
(1)时间副词,如now、usually、often、always等。
(2)地点副词,如here、there、out、everywhere等。
(3)方式副词,如hard、fast、slowly等。
(4)程度副词,如very、much、still、almost等。
(5)疑问副词,如how、when、why、where等。
(6)关系副词,如when、where、why等。
(7)连接副词,如however、why、when、therefore等。
(2022·新高考Ⅰ)I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see they've gone to bed.早上我坐在轮椅上,让母鸡出去,晚上再下来看看它们已经睡了没有。
名 师 指 津
●有些形容词作表语时,句子的主语不能是指人的词。如convenient、difficult、necessary、pleasant等。
●有些形容词以-ly结尾。如friendly、lovely、lively、lonely、elderly等。
●有些形容词仅作定语。如little、many、live、only、elder等。
●意义不同的同根副词:
close接近    closely紧密地
hard努力地 hardly几乎不
late晚;迟 lately近来
wide充分地 widely广泛地
high高;在高处 highly非常;高标准地
deep深深地 deeply极其;深沉地;强烈地
[对点集训] 单句填空
1.A dog's eating habit requires regular training before it is     (proper) established.
2.Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could     (safe) wait for the police to take her home.
3.Landing on the moon's far side is     (extreme) challenging.
4.Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The     (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.
5.     (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must.
6.This is     (particular) true in the US.
7.In the 18th and 19th centuries,     (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art.
8.It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been     (poor) studied.
9.We are so proud of her. It's     (wonder).
10.On our way to the house, it was raining     hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get there.
11.They also shared with us many     (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were hugely popular with tourists.
12.When the children are walking or cycling to school on dark mornings, car drivers can     (easy) see them.
13.Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and it's never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and     (meaning) college experience.
14.Kate heard a man's voice in the background, but she couldn't make     what he was saying.
二、原级、比较级和最高级
Tip 1 基本用法
1.两者相比(甲=乙),用“as+原级+as”表示。
For cheerleaders,their sport is just as serious as baseball or football. 对啦啦队来说,他们的运动就像棒球或足球一样重要。
名 师 指 津
在同级比较中,若要用形容词修饰单数可数名词,其语序为“as+adj.+a/an+n.+as”。
I have never had as boring a day as today.我从来没有像今天这样无聊过。
2.两者相比(甲<乙),用“not as/so+原级+as”或“less+原级+than”表示。
Unfortunately,my wife isn't so fond of them as I am. 不幸的是,我的妻子不像我这样喜欢他们。
3.两者相比(甲>乙),用“比较级+than”表示。
(2022·新高考Ⅰ)His coach heard what David said and gave me a look—the kind that was more determined than anyone else's.他的教练听到了大卫的话,并给了我一个比其他人更坚定的眼神。
4.三个或三个以上的人或事物相比较,表示最大程度时,用“最高级+比较范围”。
During the 1990s,Michael Jordan was probably the best-known basketball player in the world. 在20世纪90年代,迈克尔·乔丹可能是世界上最著名的篮球运动员。
名 师 指 津
(1)有少数几个双音节以及以-ow、-er、-le结尾的形容词,既可以加-er和-est,又可以加more和most构成其比较级和最高级。如common、clever、simple、stupid等。
(2)形容词、副词的不规则变化
good/well→better→best
bad/ill→worse→worst
many/much→more→most
far→farther/further→farthest/furthest
old→older/elder→oldest/eldest
little→less→least
(3)可修饰比较级的副词:much、even、still、far、yet、a little、a lot、a bit、rather、any等。
Tip 2 特殊用法
1.“比较级+and+比较级”和“more and more+原级”表示“越来越……”,其反义表达为“less and less+原级”。
(2022·全国甲)When it comes to ocean, its pollution is becoming more and more serious. 说到海洋,它的污染越来越严重。
2.“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越……越……”。
(2022·全国甲)The more people are involved, the better the ocean environment is.参与人数越多,海洋环境越好。
3.“more+原级+than+原级”表示“与其说……不如说……”。
The girl was more frightened than hurt. 与其说这个女孩受伤了,不如说她吓坏了。
4.“more than+主语+can+谓语”表示“非……所能……;不能……”。
The beauty of the city is more than I can describe. 这座城市的美不是我所能描述的。
5.形容词比较级前一般不用冠词,但如果出现了表示范围的词,就需要加定冠词。
Of the two sisters,Mary is the cleverer. 在这两姐妹中,玛丽更聪明。
6.“the+形容词原级”表示一类人或物。
the old/poor/rich 老人/穷人/富人
Tip 3 比较级表示最高级
1.在某个特定范围内对同类事物进行对比时,可用以下比较级结构表示最高级含义:
比较级+
than+
China is larger than any other country in Asia. 中国比亚洲其他任何国家都大。
2.never+谓语+a/an+形容词比较级+单数可数名词
I have never heard a better voice. 我从未听过比这更好的声音。
名 师 指 津
常见的无比较级和最高级的形容词及副词:relative、absolute、perfect、entire、senior、golden、afraid、unique、present、simply、right、wrong、sure等。
[对点集训] 单句填空
1.Many people have donated that type of blood, however, the blood bank needs     (much).
2.It may not be a great suggestion. But before a     (good) one is put forward, we will make do with it.
3.I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time,for there are     (meaningful) things to do.
4.Of the two coats, I would choose the     (cheap) one to spare some money for a book.
5.Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under,the     (great) your performance will be.
6.This is by far the     (inspiring) movie that I have ever seen.
7.It is said that the power plant is now twice     large as what it was.
8.Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are     (high) than they actually are.
9.If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work,you should take a step back and identify those of greater and     (little) importance.
10.One was that I was amazed at the fact that a sick person could feel much     (well) after seeing a doctor.
【难点突破】
易 混 易 错
难点 同根副词加-ly和不加-ly
[典例1] Added to UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage List in 2010, acupuncture(针灸) and moxibustion have been     (wide) practiced in China for thousands of years.
解析  修饰动词practiced应用副词,再结合语境可知,此处表示 “广泛地”,故用widely。
高 分 突 破
方法1 牢记词形变化,准确判断形式
[典例2] Abercrombie&Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it     (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people.
解析  设空处修饰动词arranges,应用regular的副词形式,故填regularly。
方法2 扩大词汇量,准确辨析词义
[典例3] “Storm chasing” is becoming     (increase) popular, especially in the Midwest of the United States.
解析  设空处在句中修饰形容词popular,应用副词increasingly,表示“越来越多地;不断增加地”,故填increasingly。
方法3 体会语境深层含义,正确使用比较级和最高级
[典例4] —Do you think the weather is good enough for a picnic
—Yes.You can't hope for a     (nice) day at this time of year.
解析  句意:“你认为这天气好到适合野餐了吗 ”“是的。在一年中的这个时候,你不能期望(比这)更好的天气。”这里是比较级与否定词连用表示最高级含义,故填nicer。
【考能提升】
层级1 基础巩固练
单句填空
1.     (immediate), he rose and went down through the hospital hall into her room.
2.Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family—and that's pretty     (power).
3.With a broader perspective, we will be more free, more open-minded, and less     (limit) in what we can become!
4.There was a     (confuse) look on his face when he met with the problem.
5.It is said that next year's Chinese class is going to be very     (challenge).
6.I often take my son to bookstores to find something     (suit) for him to read.
7.When I stopped playing and looked up, I was     (shock) to see a small crowd around us.
8.There were many     (talent) actors out there just waiting to be discovered.
9.As we all know, he is a clever and     (energy) student.
层级2 经典提升练
单句填空
1.(2022·全国乙)As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the     (large) tea-producing country,China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
2.(2022·全国甲)Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more     (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
3.(2022·新高考Ⅰ)The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas,and     (eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
4.(2022·新高考Ⅱ)When he looked down, he     (accidental) slipped and fell over the edge.
5.(2022·浙江)Blind people recognize shapes with their existing senses, in a way similar to that of     (sight) people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist.
6.(2022·浙江1月)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example,     (rough) 200 academics—many of them climate scientists have promised to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
7.(2021·全国甲)After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what     (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
8.(2021·全国乙)Provide     (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
9.(2021·新高考Ⅰ)The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb.It will     (undoubted) help you get refreshed!
10.(2021·新高考Ⅰ)The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the     (hot) the spring!
11.(2021·浙江1月)But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed     (sharp).
12.(2021·浙江1月)This may be due to some disadvantages for people living in the countryside, including     (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
层级3 语境拓展练
语法填空
  London is one of the 1.     (large) cities in the world. Its population is smaller 2.     that of Tokyo or Shanghai, but it is one of the 3.     (popular) tourist destinations of all. London is 4.     (probable) famous for its museums, galleries, palaces and other sights, but it also includes a 5.     (wide) range of peoples, cultures and religions than many other places. People used to say that it was the dirtiest city too, but it is now much 6.     (clean) than it was. To the surprise of many people, it now has some of the 7.     (good) restaurants in Europe too. For some people, this makes London the most 8.     (excite) city in Europe. 9.     (fortunate), London is definitely not the 10.     (little) expensive city in Europe, though a holiday in London is good value for money, considering what there is to see and do there.
层级4 衔接写作练
衔接1 “否定词+比较级”表达最高级含义
[典例再现]约翰认为没有什么比帮助别人自力更生更有意义了。
John thought nothing was more meaningful than helping others earn a living by themselves.
[写作应用](2021·新高考Ⅰ)如果你想找一家干净、现代化的旅店,没有比青年站更合适的了。
衔接2  副词的名词化表达
某些表示情绪的副词可以用“介词十名词”短语表达。例如:angrily=with anger,anxiously = with anxiety, curiously= with curiosity。
[典例再现](2020·浙江1月)当Poppy看到那条小狗时,她欢快地叫了起来。
When Poppy saw the small puppy, she barked with joy.
[写作应用]带着好奇,我打开黑色盒子,想找到原因。
微专题2 形容词和副词
考点精研
情境导入
(1)表语;宾语补足语;后置定语 (2)动词;副词;介词短语 (3)句子
考点分析
一、
对点集训 1.properly 2.safely 3.extremely 4.beautiful 5.Certainly 6.particularly 7.wealthy 8.poorly
9.wonderful  10.so 11.traditional 12.easily 13.meaningful 14.out
二、
对点集训 1.more 2.better 3.more meaningful 4.cheaper
5.greater 6.most inspiring 7.as 8.higher  9.less
10.better
考能提升
层级1
1.Immediately 2.powerful 3.limited 4.confused 5.challenging 6.suitable 7.shocked 8.talented 9.energetic
层级2
1.largest 2.meaningful 3.eventually 4.accidentally
5.sighted 6.roughly 7.better 8.financial 9.undoubtedly 10.hotter 11.sharply 12.lower
层级3
1.largest 2.than 3.most popular 4.probably 5.wider
6.cleaner 7.best 8 exciting 9.Unfortunately 10.least
层级4
衔接1 If you're looking for cleanliness and a modern hostel, look no further than Youth Station.
衔接2 With curiosity, I opened the black box and wanted to find out why.
2