2024年高考英语人教版（2019）一轮复习 学案 微专题6 并列句和状语从句学案（含答案）
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| 名称 | 2024年高考英语人教版（2019）一轮复习 学案 微专题6 并列句和状语从句学案（含答案） |  | |
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| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-01-25 22:17:17 | ||
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微专题6 并列句和状语从句
专点一 并列句
【考点精研】
【情境导入】
朗读下面短文,体会、领悟加黑部分的用法。
Not only had Niulang lost his parents, but (also)① he was often bullied by his elder brother.What he only had was an old and weak bull, but② he took good care of it. Other men at his age had children already, while③ Niulang didn't get married yet. One day, the bull said unexpectedly, “I'd like to help you, for④you have attended to me so carefully. Follow me, and you will get a wife!⑤” So Niulang went to the bank while several beautiful fairies were bathing in the river.Then he did as the animal told him, hiding the youngest fairy's clothes away and⑥ telling her, “I am afraid that you will either lose your clothes or⑦ marry me.” As a result, the youngest fairy, Zhinü, became his wife. Both Niulang and⑧ Zhinü lived happily. However, the Goddess of Heaven was angry with her granddaughter marrying a human, so⑨ she said to Zhinü, “Go back to heaven, otherwise I will punish you!⑩” Hearing this, Zhinü was not delighted bu worried.Niulang was about to run after them anxiously whe the Goddess of Heaven was making the Milky Way with her hair adornment to stop him.Neither Zhinü no Niulang was happy, as they missed each other so much. Seeing this, the Goddess of Heaven let them meet each other across the Milky Way once a year with the help of magpies.
[用法体悟]
(1)①处Not only... but (also)表示“ ”,用于连接两个性质相同的词、短语或句子。
(2)②处but是表示 关系的并列连词,此处连接两个句子。
(3)③处表示对比,意为“ ”。
(4)④处用作并列连词,表示“ ”。
(5)⑤处为“祈使句+and+陈述句”结构,祈使句表示一个条件,and后的句子表示顺承的结果,意为“ ”。
(6)⑥处用于连接两个 的现在分词短语。
(7)⑦处either...or...表示“不是……就是……;或者……或者……”,连接两个相同成分的词、短语或句子,表示 关系。
(8)⑧处Both...and...在句中连接两个并列的名词作主语,表示“ ”。
(9)⑨处表示因果关系,连接两个并列分句,意为“ ”,其后的分句表示结果。
(10)⑩处为“祈使句+otherwise+陈述句”结构,祈使句表示条件,otherwise后的句子表 的结果。
(11)处not...but...意为“ ”。
(12)处为固定搭配be about to do...when...,表示“ ”。
(13)处Neither...nor...在句中连接两个并列的名词作主语,表示“ ”。
【考点分析】
Tip 1 并列句的四种类型
1.表示并列、递进或顺承关系:and、both...and、neither...nor、not only...but also...
(2022·新高考Ⅰ)Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it.生产无人食用的食物浪费了用于种植食物的水、燃料和其他资源。
2.表示转折、对比关系:but、yet、while
I had an amazing time here. But now, it is time for me to move on. 我在这里过得很愉快。但现在是我继续前进的时候了。
The problem was a little hard, yet I was able to work it out. 这道题有点难,不过我能把它做出来。
(2022·新高考Ⅰ)One reason was: “You'll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym, ” while another read: “You'll work harder if you train with someone else.”其中一个原因是:“如果你知道有人在健身房等着你,你就会出现。”而另一个原因则是:“与其他人一起训练,你会更加努力。”
名 师 指 津
but不与although/though连用,但yet、still可与although/though连用。
3.表示选择关系:or、or else、either...or...、not... but...
Now you can either have a rest or go to the cinema. 现在你可以休息一下,也可以去看电影。
4.表示因果关系:so、for(意为“由于”,一般不放在句首)
He found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to fail.由于他的视力开始下降,他发现读书越来越困难了。
Tip 2 并列句的两大句式
1.when常用于以下句式
(1)sb be about to do/on the point of doing sth when... 某人正要做某事,突然……
(2)sb be doing sth when.... 某人正在做某事,突然……
(3)sb had (just) done sth when... 某人刚做完某事,突然……
(2021·浙江)My mother was putting her groceries into shopping bags when a stranger came up to her...我母亲正在把她(买)的杂货放进购物袋,这时一个陌生人向她走来……
2.and与or/otherwise用于并列句
(1)祈使句+and+陈述句(and表示顺承关系)
(2)祈使句+or/otherwise+陈述句(or/otherwise表示转折关系)
Hurry up, or/otherwise you will be late for class.快点儿,否则你们上课就迟到了。
[对点集训] 单句填空
1.There are three wombat species. Northern and southern wombats have furry noses, common wombats have bare skin on noses.
2.She was excited about her new role soon realized that managing her new team would be a challenge.
3.The giant panda typically lives around 15-20 years in the wild and above 30 years in captivity. Considering one year for a giant panda is equal to three four years for a human being in terms of age, she was over 100 in the human standard.
4.The Renaissance was over it was time for a new era—the Age of Reason.
5.Many tech firms startups expect people to work nearly double—or more—the number of hours in a typical work week.
6.I found the contact information of the company emailed its president.
专点二 状语从句
【情境导入】
朗读下面短文,体会、领悟加黑连词的用法及其引导的状语从句的类型。
My mother was cooking in the kitchen while① I was doing my school assignments. As soon as② I finished my homework, I went to get some water to drink. Then the doorbell rang. However, my sister unlocked the door before③ I could open it. We were surprised the moment④ we saw her because⑤ her clothes and face were terribly dirty.She looked much poorer than⑥ we expected. Since⑦ we didn't know what had happened to her, we stood there and waited for my sister's story.We wouldn't leave unless⑧ my sister told us all about it. After⑨ my sister got changed, she told us that she fell into a ditch when⑩ she walked on a path on her way to my uncle's home in the countryside. She couldn't get out of the ditch. Althoug she cried for help, no one could hear her. She tried to climb out of it, but, howeve hard she tried, she failed to escape from it. A time went by, she got worried. After several vain attempts, she had to stand wher she was and waited unti a boy student passed by and gave her a hand. The boy reached her a long rope and told her to climb with the rope.She did a the boy told, s she came out. My sister also warned us to be careful when walking on a pat even thoug we are in a great hurry. That's true. We should mind our step so tha we can ensure our safety.
[用法体悟]
(1)①处引导 状语从句,强调主从句动作同时进行,意为“当……时候”。
(2)②处引导时间状语从句,表示“ ”。
(3)③处引导 状语从句,表示“还没来得及就……”。
(4)④处引导 状语从句,类似的名词词组还有the second、 the day、 the first time、 next time等。
(5)⑤处引导 状语从句。如果后接名词性短语表示原因,则用because of引导。
(6)⑥处引导 状语从句。
(7)⑦处引导 状语从句。
(8)⑧处相当于if...not,有“除非;如果不”之意,引导 状语从句。
(9)⑨处引导 状语从句。
(10)⑩处引导 状语从句,表示“当……时”。
(11)处引导 状语从句,此时主句可以与副词still连用,但不能与连词but连用。
(12)处引导 状语从句,相当于no matter how。
(13)处引导时间状语从句,表示“ ”。
(14)处引导 状语从句,表示“在……的地方”。
(15)处引导 状语从句,表示“直到……”,主句谓语需用延续性动词。
(16)处引导 状语从句,意为“按照;像……那样”。
(17)处引导 状语从句。
(18)处为时间状语从句的 形式,当从句主语与主句主语一致且含有be动词时,可省略从句主语与be动词,构成省略形式。
(19)处引导 状语从句,表示“即使;尽管”。
(20)处引导 状语从句,可替换为in order that。
【考点分析】
Tip 1 时间状语从句
1.when、while和as的用法
连词 含义及用法
when “当……时候”,可与延续性动词或短暂性动词连用;从句动作可以发生在主句动作之前、之后或与主句动作同时发生
while “当……时候”,一般只可与延续性动词连用,从句动作与主句动作同时发生
as “一边……一边……”,常与延续性动词连用,从句动作与主句动作同时或几乎同时发生
When you apply for a job,you must present your credentials. 当你申请工作时,你必须出示你的有关证书。
(2021·新高考Ⅰ)Marie, if no one takes care of your children while you're away, Jennifer and I will be glad to have them stay with us.玛丽,如果你不在的时候没有人照顾你的孩子,我和珍妮弗会很高兴让他们和我们住在一起。
As he grew older,he became less active. 随着他逐渐长大,他变得不那么活泼了。
名 师 指 津
如果主句谓语表示的是短暂性动作,而从句谓语用延续性动词的进行时表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作,这时when、while与as可互换使用。
When/While/As I was walking down the street,I came across an old friend.我正沿着大街走时,碰巧遇到了一个老朋友。
2.before与since的用法
(1)before表示“在……之前;还未……就……;还没来得及……就……”,常用于以下句型:
●It will be+一段时间+before... 多久之后才……
●It won't be long before... 不久之后就……
●It was+一段时间+before... 过了多久才……
(2022·新高考Ⅰ)It didn't take long before he picked himself up again and continued his mission.没过多久,他又爬起来,继续执行任务。
(2)since的用法
●since表示“自从……”,其引导的从句在句中作状语时,主句常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时,从句常用一般过去时。
(2021·天津第一次)I've always been creative since I was a little girl.我还是个小女孩的时候就很有创造力。
●since表示“自从……以来”,常用于“It is/has been+时间段+since从句”句型。该句型表示“自从……已经多长时间了”,从句的时态常用一般过去时。
(2022·新高考Ⅰ)It is ten years since Talk and Talk was established. This is an amazing program where you can share your ideas with students. Talk and Talk成立已有十年了。这是一个很棒的节目,你可以在这里与学生分享你的想法。
3.till、until和not...until...的用法
(1)until/till“直到……为止”,表示某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止,此时主句谓语动词是延续性动词且为肯定形式。
We will explore every solution till/until we find an answer. 我们要探寻一切解决方案,直到找到答案为止。
(2)not...until...“直到……才”,表示某动作从某时间点开始发生,主句谓语动词是短暂性动词。
As far as I know,his mother won't go to bed until he returns home every night.据我所知,每天晚上他母亲直到他回家才会去睡觉。
4.表示“一……就……;刚……就……”的常用表达
(1)表示“一……就……”的表达有as soon as、immediately、directly、the moment、the minute、the instant等。
The moment I heard the voice,I knew my father was coming.我一听到那声音就知道是我父亲来了。
(2)表示“刚……就……”的表达有no sooner... than...、hardly/scarcely... when...等。2
注意:上述结构中主句谓语动词应用过去完成时,而than与when引导的从句谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外,如果no sooner、hardly、scarcely等置于句首时,主句应部分倒装。
He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.
=No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.他刚结束演讲,学生们就开始欢呼了。
Tip 2 条件状语从句
1.条件状语从句的常见引导词:if、unless(=if... not)、so/as long as (只要)、on condition that (条件是)、if only、provided that (如果)、in case (万一;如果)、suppose/supposing that (假设;如果)、assuming that(假定;假设)等。
(2021·天津)Unless these sectors make their business models much more efficient digitally, they might be left behind. 除非这些行业将它们的商业模式在数字化方面变得更高效,否则它们可能会被甩在后面。
2.条件状语从句的时态:在条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时表示将来的含义;用现在完成时表示即将完成的情况;用一般过去时表示过去将来的含义。
(2021·山东第一次)At the end of each seven-week session, your language skills are evaluated. And if you've made enough progress, you're promoted to the next level.在每七周的课程结束时,你的语言技能会被评估。如果你取得了足够的进步,你就会晋升到下一个级别。
Tip 3 让步状语从句
1.although、though、while等常引导让步状语从句
Though/Although/While regular exercise is very important,it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime. 尽管定期锻炼很重要,但睡前锻炼绝不是个好主意。
While/Though/Although online shopping has changed our life,not all of its effects have been positive.尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活,但是它的影响并不都是积极的。
as引导的让步状语从句须用部分倒装,此时as可与though互换。
Hot as/though the night air was,we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey. 尽管夜晚的空气很热,长途跋涉之后的我们还是因为疲惫而睡得很熟。
3.“疑问词+ever”引导的让步状语从句,意为“无论……”,可与“no matter+疑问词”结构互换。
(2020·新高考Ⅰ)Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.无论什么结果,都是对中亚最纯粹传统的一种美好而生动的描述。
4.whether... or...引导的让步状语从句,意为“不论……还是……”,表示正反两种情况都不会影响主句的意向或结果。
(2022·新高考Ⅰ)It was no more important whether he won the first place or not. 他是否获得第一名并不重要。
Tip 4 地点状语从句
地点状语从句通常由where、wherever引导。
(2022·全国甲)Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests.在使用试错法的情况下,凤头鹦鹉在类似测试中比猴子做得更好。
名 师 指 津
判断where引导的是定语从句还是状语从句,最简单的方法是看where引导的从句是否有指代的先行词。
The little girl who got lost decided to remain where she was and wait for her mother. (状语从句,其中remain为不及物动词)
→The little girl who got lost decided to remain in the place where she was and wait for her mother. (定语从句,先行词为place)
Tip 5 原因状语从句
原因状语从句可由because、as、since、now that、in that等词引导。
because意为“因为”,表示直接原因,语气较强,能回答由why提出的问句。
(2022·全国甲)In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don't like their seasoning skills.在葡萄牙,这将是一个严重的错误,因为这向厨师表明你不喜欢他们的调味技巧。
2.as意为“由于”,常表示显而易见的原因,语气较轻;since(既然)、now that(既然;由于)和in that(因为)表示双方都知道的原因,语气较弱。as、since和now that引导的从句多位于主句之前。
(2022·浙江1月)Now that the formidable project was falling on my shoulder, I stayed up innumerable nights to run tests and analyze statistics.现在这个艰巨的项目落在了我的肩上,我熬夜无数次进行测试和分析统计数据。
Tip 6 结果状语从句
1.引导结果状语从句的有so... that...、such...that...,注意其结构形式:
(1)so+形容词/副词+that从句
(2)so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that从句
(3)so+many/much/few/little(“多多少少”只用so)+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that从句
(4)such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+that从句
(5)such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that从句
(2022·浙江)Trust is such an important part of a parent-child relationship that it's something that can't afford to lose.信任是亲子关系中非常重要的一部分,它是一种不能失去的东西。
2.当so或such所在的主句主语与结果状语从句中的主语一致时,还可简化为so/such...as to...。
He was so clever a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.=He was so clever a student as to be able to work out all the difficult problems. 他是一个如此聪明的学生,以至于他能够解决所有难题。
Tip 7 目的状语从句
引导目的状语从句的有so that、in order that、for fear that、in case (that)、lest等。
1.in order that和so that引导目的状语从句时都意为“以便……;为了……”,它们引导的状语从句中常用情态动词。
(2022·全国乙)With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time. 凭借它们的预见能力,它们可以提前告知出现的任何问题,以便快速行驶的火车能够及时做出反应。
2.for fear that、in case (that)和lest引导目的状语从句时,for fear that表示“害怕/担心某事会发生”,in case (that)/lest表示“以防出现某种情况”。
(2021·天津)It's a good idea to choose an alternative destination in case your first-choice tourist spot is not available. 选择一个备选目的地是一个好主意,以防你首选的旅游景点去不了。
Tip 8 方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的有as if、as though等。
(2022·浙江1月)He looked at me as though I weren't there.他看着我,好像我不在那里。
(2022·新高考Ⅰ)David insisted on running as if he had forgotten all his weaknesses, though he was tripped over within the a few kilometers.大卫坚持跑步,好像他忘记了所有的弱点,尽管他在几公里内被绊倒了。
名 师 指 津
as if/as though引导的方式状语从句与事实相反时,从句通常用虚拟语气:与现在的情况相反时,用一般过去时;与过去的情况相反时,用过去完成时;与将来的情况相反时,用“would/could/might+动词原形”。
[对点集训] 单句填空
1.Over time, the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces.
2.—Was it still there you were away to answer the phone
—There is no doubt about it.
case you're wondering, here's why mobile data are so expensive in South Africa when compared with other countries.
4.In the forest, sound is the best means of communication over distance in comparison with light, it won't be blocked by trees when travelling.
5.Many of life's failures are experienced by people who did not realize how close they were to success they gave up.
6.China's Silk Road Economic Belt, accomplished, will quicken the economic growth of the countries along the route.
7.Sometimes it's hard to accept the truth the lie sounds so much better.
8.Lessons can be learned to face the future, history cannot be changed.
【难点突破】
易 混 易 错
难点 状语从句的省略
[典例1] It is so cold that you can't go outside fully covered in thick clothes.
解析 句意:天太冷了,除非你严严实实地裹上厚衣服,否则你不能去外面。根据句意可知,空处应填unless。此处为条件状语从句的省略,将其补充完整为unless you are fully covered in thick clothes。
高 分 突 破
方法1 理清前后逻辑关系,牢记固定结构和句式
[典例2] It is often said that the joy of travelling is not in arriving at your destination in the journey itself.
解析 句意:人们常说,旅行的快乐不在于到达目的地而在于旅程本身。根据句意及句中的not可知,空处应填but。not...but...表示“不是……而是……”,连接两个并列成分,符合句意。
方法2 判断状语从句类型,确定从属连词
[典例3] —How long do you think it is he arrived here
—No more than half a year,I believe.
解析 “It is+时间段+since从句” 意为“自从……已经多长时间了”,是固定句型,故填since。
【考能提升】
层级1 基础巩固练
单句填空
1. many of us today take the television for granted, it's actually one of the greatest inventions of the 20th century.
2. they are extremely talented, it can be really hard for models with just a few years' experience to impress the big brands and win opportunities.
3.Any offender shall be brought back and brought to justice even he/she may flee abroad.
4.Most people have to get to a point where they don't have a choice they will change something.
5.The man hid himself behind the door waiting so no other people could see him negotiating with his manager about his promotion.
6.One might think Fleming discovered penicillin by accident, actually this is far from the truth.
7.They were going back home the accident happened.
8.They kept their collection at home until it got too big until they died, and then it was given to a museum.
9.The price of diamond rings has risen sharply the price of gold rings has gone down.
层级2 经典提升练
单句填空
1.(2022·新高考Ⅰ)The GPNP is designed to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations”.
2.(2022·全国乙)The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation cultural exchanges.
3.(2022·新高考Ⅱ)He hung on for a few minutes screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him.
4.(2022·浙江)The feeling of being able to see it to form my opinion is like breaking down another wall as a blind person.
5.(2021·全国甲)We hired our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky did the job.
6.(2021·浙江1月)In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.
7.(2021·浙江)Although Mary loved flowers, she nor her husband was known as a gardener.
8.(2021·天津第一次)We all need to get involved in saving energy it's at work, at home, or at school.
9.(2020·全国Ⅰ)After that I poured oil into a pan and turned on the stove, I waited patiently the oil was hot.
层级3 语境拓展练
语法填空
Why does autumn have two names According to Merriam-Webster, “autumn”appeared first in English in the 1300s, coming from the Latin word “autumnus”. Autumn caught on quickly, likely 1. it replaced the original name—“harvest”. 2. you might imagine, 3. crops were collected from the fields, calling the season“harvest”might make people confused because “harvest” is also the name for the act itself.
4. “autumn”appeared instead of “harvest”. Then the term, “autumn”, which referred to the season between summer 5. winter, lasted for a couple of centuries.“Fall”as a name for the season came about sometime in the 1500s, a shortened version of the very poetic phrase “the fall of leaves”. Not even a century later, the phrase became a simple word: fall.
Around this same time, the English language was traveling across the globe 6. Britain expanded, 7. it was going through some changes, 8. many languages did. This was particularly true in the American colonies (殖民地). Some English words changed in the US, whether in terms of spelling 9. in terms of general usage. In the mid-1800s, British and American English speakers further developed in different ways. “Fall”was the common word for “autumn”in the US, 10. autumn was regarded as the word for fall in England.
层级4 衔接写作练
衔接1 when引导时间状语从句,意为“正在这时”
[典例再现](2022·新高考Ⅱ)听到尖叫声时,亨利正在修车。
Henry was fixing his car when he heard the screams.
[写作应用]孩子们正在观看2022年卡塔尔世界杯足球赛,这时突然灯灭了。
衔接2 having done 比 after 从句更高级
[典例再现](2020·新高考Ⅰ)失败了许多次之后,他们几乎要灰心了。但约翰叔叔来帮助他们了。
Having failed many times, they almost lost heart. But Uncle John came to their assistance.
[写作应用](2021·天津)话虽如此,我很长一段时间都不知道我在寻找什么。
微专题6 并列句和状语从句
考点精研
考点一
情境导入
(1)不但……而且…… (2)转折 (3)然而 (4)因为 (5)那么 (6)并列 (7)选择 (8)两者都 (9)因此 (10)相反 (11)不是……而是…… (12)刚要做某事突然…… (13)既不……也不……
考点分析
对点集训 1.while 2.but 3.or 4.and 5.and 6.and
考点二
情境导入
(1)时间 (2)一……就…… (3)时间 (4)时间 (5)原因 (6)比较 (7)原因 (8)条件 (9)时间 (10)时间 (11)让步
(12)让步 (13)随着 (14)地点 (15)时间 (16)方式
(17)结果 (18)省略 (19)让步 (20)目的
考点分析
对点集训 1.as/when 2.while 3.In 4.because 5.when 6.once 7.because/as/since 8.though/while/although
考能提升
层级1
1.While/Although/Though 2.Unless 3.if/though 4.before
5.that 6.but 7.when 8.or 9.while
层级2
1.and 2.and 3.and 4.and 5.but 6.and 7.neither
8.whether 9.until/till
层级3
1.because 2.As 3.when 4.So 5.and 6.as 7.and 8.as
9.or 10.while
层级4
衔接1 The kids were watching the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 when suddenly the lights went out.
衔接2 Having said that, I did not know for a long time what I was looking for.
2
专点一 并列句
【考点精研】
【情境导入】
朗读下面短文,体会、领悟加黑部分的用法。
Not only had Niulang lost his parents, but (also)① he was often bullied by his elder brother.What he only had was an old and weak bull, but② he took good care of it. Other men at his age had children already, while③ Niulang didn't get married yet. One day, the bull said unexpectedly, “I'd like to help you, for④you have attended to me so carefully. Follow me, and you will get a wife!⑤” So Niulang went to the bank while several beautiful fairies were bathing in the river.Then he did as the animal told him, hiding the youngest fairy's clothes away and⑥ telling her, “I am afraid that you will either lose your clothes or⑦ marry me.” As a result, the youngest fairy, Zhinü, became his wife. Both Niulang and⑧ Zhinü lived happily. However, the Goddess of Heaven was angry with her granddaughter marrying a human, so⑨ she said to Zhinü, “Go back to heaven, otherwise I will punish you!⑩” Hearing this, Zhinü was not delighted bu worried.Niulang was about to run after them anxiously whe the Goddess of Heaven was making the Milky Way with her hair adornment to stop him.Neither Zhinü no Niulang was happy, as they missed each other so much. Seeing this, the Goddess of Heaven let them meet each other across the Milky Way once a year with the help of magpies.
[用法体悟]
(1)①处Not only... but (also)表示“ ”,用于连接两个性质相同的词、短语或句子。
(2)②处but是表示 关系的并列连词,此处连接两个句子。
(3)③处表示对比,意为“ ”。
(4)④处用作并列连词,表示“ ”。
(5)⑤处为“祈使句+and+陈述句”结构,祈使句表示一个条件,and后的句子表示顺承的结果,意为“ ”。
(6)⑥处用于连接两个 的现在分词短语。
(7)⑦处either...or...表示“不是……就是……;或者……或者……”,连接两个相同成分的词、短语或句子,表示 关系。
(8)⑧处Both...and...在句中连接两个并列的名词作主语,表示“ ”。
(9)⑨处表示因果关系,连接两个并列分句,意为“ ”,其后的分句表示结果。
(10)⑩处为“祈使句+otherwise+陈述句”结构,祈使句表示条件,otherwise后的句子表 的结果。
(11)处not...but...意为“ ”。
(12)处为固定搭配be about to do...when...,表示“ ”。
(13)处Neither...nor...在句中连接两个并列的名词作主语,表示“ ”。
【考点分析】
Tip 1 并列句的四种类型
1.表示并列、递进或顺承关系:and、both...and、neither...nor、not only...but also...
(2022·新高考Ⅰ)Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it.生产无人食用的食物浪费了用于种植食物的水、燃料和其他资源。
2.表示转折、对比关系:but、yet、while
I had an amazing time here. But now, it is time for me to move on. 我在这里过得很愉快。但现在是我继续前进的时候了。
The problem was a little hard, yet I was able to work it out. 这道题有点难,不过我能把它做出来。
(2022·新高考Ⅰ)One reason was: “You'll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym, ” while another read: “You'll work harder if you train with someone else.”其中一个原因是:“如果你知道有人在健身房等着你,你就会出现。”而另一个原因则是:“与其他人一起训练,你会更加努力。”
名 师 指 津
but不与although/though连用,但yet、still可与although/though连用。
3.表示选择关系:or、or else、either...or...、not... but...
Now you can either have a rest or go to the cinema. 现在你可以休息一下,也可以去看电影。
4.表示因果关系:so、for(意为“由于”,一般不放在句首)
He found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to fail.由于他的视力开始下降,他发现读书越来越困难了。
Tip 2 并列句的两大句式
1.when常用于以下句式
(1)sb be about to do/on the point of doing sth when... 某人正要做某事,突然……
(2)sb be doing sth when.... 某人正在做某事,突然……
(3)sb had (just) done sth when... 某人刚做完某事,突然……
(2021·浙江)My mother was putting her groceries into shopping bags when a stranger came up to her...我母亲正在把她(买)的杂货放进购物袋,这时一个陌生人向她走来……
2.and与or/otherwise用于并列句
(1)祈使句+and+陈述句(and表示顺承关系)
(2)祈使句+or/otherwise+陈述句(or/otherwise表示转折关系)
Hurry up, or/otherwise you will be late for class.快点儿,否则你们上课就迟到了。
[对点集训] 单句填空
1.There are three wombat species. Northern and southern wombats have furry noses, common wombats have bare skin on noses.
2.She was excited about her new role soon realized that managing her new team would be a challenge.
3.The giant panda typically lives around 15-20 years in the wild and above 30 years in captivity. Considering one year for a giant panda is equal to three four years for a human being in terms of age, she was over 100 in the human standard.
4.The Renaissance was over it was time for a new era—the Age of Reason.
5.Many tech firms startups expect people to work nearly double—or more—the number of hours in a typical work week.
6.I found the contact information of the company emailed its president.
专点二 状语从句
【情境导入】
朗读下面短文,体会、领悟加黑连词的用法及其引导的状语从句的类型。
My mother was cooking in the kitchen while① I was doing my school assignments. As soon as② I finished my homework, I went to get some water to drink. Then the doorbell rang. However, my sister unlocked the door before③ I could open it. We were surprised the moment④ we saw her because⑤ her clothes and face were terribly dirty.She looked much poorer than⑥ we expected. Since⑦ we didn't know what had happened to her, we stood there and waited for my sister's story.We wouldn't leave unless⑧ my sister told us all about it. After⑨ my sister got changed, she told us that she fell into a ditch when⑩ she walked on a path on her way to my uncle's home in the countryside. She couldn't get out of the ditch. Althoug she cried for help, no one could hear her. She tried to climb out of it, but, howeve hard she tried, she failed to escape from it. A time went by, she got worried. After several vain attempts, she had to stand wher she was and waited unti a boy student passed by and gave her a hand. The boy reached her a long rope and told her to climb with the rope.She did a the boy told, s she came out. My sister also warned us to be careful when walking on a pat even thoug we are in a great hurry. That's true. We should mind our step so tha we can ensure our safety.
[用法体悟]
(1)①处引导 状语从句,强调主从句动作同时进行,意为“当……时候”。
(2)②处引导时间状语从句,表示“ ”。
(3)③处引导 状语从句,表示“还没来得及就……”。
(4)④处引导 状语从句,类似的名词词组还有the second、 the day、 the first time、 next time等。
(5)⑤处引导 状语从句。如果后接名词性短语表示原因,则用because of引导。
(6)⑥处引导 状语从句。
(7)⑦处引导 状语从句。
(8)⑧处相当于if...not,有“除非;如果不”之意,引导 状语从句。
(9)⑨处引导 状语从句。
(10)⑩处引导 状语从句,表示“当……时”。
(11)处引导 状语从句,此时主句可以与副词still连用,但不能与连词but连用。
(12)处引导 状语从句,相当于no matter how。
(13)处引导时间状语从句,表示“ ”。
(14)处引导 状语从句,表示“在……的地方”。
(15)处引导 状语从句,表示“直到……”,主句谓语需用延续性动词。
(16)处引导 状语从句,意为“按照;像……那样”。
(17)处引导 状语从句。
(18)处为时间状语从句的 形式,当从句主语与主句主语一致且含有be动词时,可省略从句主语与be动词,构成省略形式。
(19)处引导 状语从句,表示“即使;尽管”。
(20)处引导 状语从句,可替换为in order that。
【考点分析】
Tip 1 时间状语从句
1.when、while和as的用法
连词 含义及用法
when “当……时候”,可与延续性动词或短暂性动词连用;从句动作可以发生在主句动作之前、之后或与主句动作同时发生
while “当……时候”,一般只可与延续性动词连用,从句动作与主句动作同时发生
as “一边……一边……”,常与延续性动词连用,从句动作与主句动作同时或几乎同时发生
When you apply for a job,you must present your credentials. 当你申请工作时,你必须出示你的有关证书。
(2021·新高考Ⅰ)Marie, if no one takes care of your children while you're away, Jennifer and I will be glad to have them stay with us.玛丽,如果你不在的时候没有人照顾你的孩子,我和珍妮弗会很高兴让他们和我们住在一起。
As he grew older,he became less active. 随着他逐渐长大,他变得不那么活泼了。
名 师 指 津
如果主句谓语表示的是短暂性动作,而从句谓语用延续性动词的进行时表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作,这时when、while与as可互换使用。
When/While/As I was walking down the street,I came across an old friend.我正沿着大街走时,碰巧遇到了一个老朋友。
2.before与since的用法
(1)before表示“在……之前;还未……就……;还没来得及……就……”,常用于以下句型:
●It will be+一段时间+before... 多久之后才……
●It won't be long before... 不久之后就……
●It was+一段时间+before... 过了多久才……
(2022·新高考Ⅰ)It didn't take long before he picked himself up again and continued his mission.没过多久,他又爬起来,继续执行任务。
(2)since的用法
●since表示“自从……”,其引导的从句在句中作状语时,主句常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时,从句常用一般过去时。
(2021·天津第一次)I've always been creative since I was a little girl.我还是个小女孩的时候就很有创造力。
●since表示“自从……以来”,常用于“It is/has been+时间段+since从句”句型。该句型表示“自从……已经多长时间了”,从句的时态常用一般过去时。
(2022·新高考Ⅰ)It is ten years since Talk and Talk was established. This is an amazing program where you can share your ideas with students. Talk and Talk成立已有十年了。这是一个很棒的节目,你可以在这里与学生分享你的想法。
3.till、until和not...until...的用法
(1)until/till“直到……为止”,表示某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止,此时主句谓语动词是延续性动词且为肯定形式。
We will explore every solution till/until we find an answer. 我们要探寻一切解决方案,直到找到答案为止。
(2)not...until...“直到……才”,表示某动作从某时间点开始发生,主句谓语动词是短暂性动词。
As far as I know,his mother won't go to bed until he returns home every night.据我所知,每天晚上他母亲直到他回家才会去睡觉。
4.表示“一……就……;刚……就……”的常用表达
(1)表示“一……就……”的表达有as soon as、immediately、directly、the moment、the minute、the instant等。
The moment I heard the voice,I knew my father was coming.我一听到那声音就知道是我父亲来了。
(2)表示“刚……就……”的表达有no sooner... than...、hardly/scarcely... when...等。2
注意:上述结构中主句谓语动词应用过去完成时,而than与when引导的从句谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外,如果no sooner、hardly、scarcely等置于句首时,主句应部分倒装。
He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.
=No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.他刚结束演讲,学生们就开始欢呼了。
Tip 2 条件状语从句
1.条件状语从句的常见引导词:if、unless(=if... not)、so/as long as (只要)、on condition that (条件是)、if only、provided that (如果)、in case (万一;如果)、suppose/supposing that (假设;如果)、assuming that(假定;假设)等。
(2021·天津)Unless these sectors make their business models much more efficient digitally, they might be left behind. 除非这些行业将它们的商业模式在数字化方面变得更高效,否则它们可能会被甩在后面。
2.条件状语从句的时态:在条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时表示将来的含义;用现在完成时表示即将完成的情况;用一般过去时表示过去将来的含义。
(2021·山东第一次)At the end of each seven-week session, your language skills are evaluated. And if you've made enough progress, you're promoted to the next level.在每七周的课程结束时,你的语言技能会被评估。如果你取得了足够的进步,你就会晋升到下一个级别。
Tip 3 让步状语从句
1.although、though、while等常引导让步状语从句
Though/Although/While regular exercise is very important,it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime. 尽管定期锻炼很重要,但睡前锻炼绝不是个好主意。
While/Though/Although online shopping has changed our life,not all of its effects have been positive.尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活,但是它的影响并不都是积极的。
as引导的让步状语从句须用部分倒装,此时as可与though互换。
Hot as/though the night air was,we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey. 尽管夜晚的空气很热,长途跋涉之后的我们还是因为疲惫而睡得很熟。
3.“疑问词+ever”引导的让步状语从句,意为“无论……”,可与“no matter+疑问词”结构互换。
(2020·新高考Ⅰ)Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.无论什么结果,都是对中亚最纯粹传统的一种美好而生动的描述。
4.whether... or...引导的让步状语从句,意为“不论……还是……”,表示正反两种情况都不会影响主句的意向或结果。
(2022·新高考Ⅰ)It was no more important whether he won the first place or not. 他是否获得第一名并不重要。
Tip 4 地点状语从句
地点状语从句通常由where、wherever引导。
(2022·全国甲)Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests.在使用试错法的情况下,凤头鹦鹉在类似测试中比猴子做得更好。
名 师 指 津
判断where引导的是定语从句还是状语从句,最简单的方法是看where引导的从句是否有指代的先行词。
The little girl who got lost decided to remain where she was and wait for her mother. (状语从句,其中remain为不及物动词)
→The little girl who got lost decided to remain in the place where she was and wait for her mother. (定语从句,先行词为place)
Tip 5 原因状语从句
原因状语从句可由because、as、since、now that、in that等词引导。
because意为“因为”,表示直接原因,语气较强,能回答由why提出的问句。
(2022·全国甲)In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don't like their seasoning skills.在葡萄牙,这将是一个严重的错误,因为这向厨师表明你不喜欢他们的调味技巧。
2.as意为“由于”,常表示显而易见的原因,语气较轻;since(既然)、now that(既然;由于)和in that(因为)表示双方都知道的原因,语气较弱。as、since和now that引导的从句多位于主句之前。
(2022·浙江1月)Now that the formidable project was falling on my shoulder, I stayed up innumerable nights to run tests and analyze statistics.现在这个艰巨的项目落在了我的肩上,我熬夜无数次进行测试和分析统计数据。
Tip 6 结果状语从句
1.引导结果状语从句的有so... that...、such...that...,注意其结构形式:
(1)so+形容词/副词+that从句
(2)so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that从句
(3)so+many/much/few/little(“多多少少”只用so)+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that从句
(4)such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+that从句
(5)such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that从句
(2022·浙江)Trust is such an important part of a parent-child relationship that it's something that can't afford to lose.信任是亲子关系中非常重要的一部分,它是一种不能失去的东西。
2.当so或such所在的主句主语与结果状语从句中的主语一致时,还可简化为so/such...as to...。
He was so clever a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.=He was so clever a student as to be able to work out all the difficult problems. 他是一个如此聪明的学生,以至于他能够解决所有难题。
Tip 7 目的状语从句
引导目的状语从句的有so that、in order that、for fear that、in case (that)、lest等。
1.in order that和so that引导目的状语从句时都意为“以便……;为了……”,它们引导的状语从句中常用情态动词。
(2022·全国乙)With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time. 凭借它们的预见能力,它们可以提前告知出现的任何问题,以便快速行驶的火车能够及时做出反应。
2.for fear that、in case (that)和lest引导目的状语从句时,for fear that表示“害怕/担心某事会发生”,in case (that)/lest表示“以防出现某种情况”。
(2021·天津)It's a good idea to choose an alternative destination in case your first-choice tourist spot is not available. 选择一个备选目的地是一个好主意,以防你首选的旅游景点去不了。
Tip 8 方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的有as if、as though等。
(2022·浙江1月)He looked at me as though I weren't there.他看着我,好像我不在那里。
(2022·新高考Ⅰ)David insisted on running as if he had forgotten all his weaknesses, though he was tripped over within the a few kilometers.大卫坚持跑步,好像他忘记了所有的弱点,尽管他在几公里内被绊倒了。
名 师 指 津
as if/as though引导的方式状语从句与事实相反时,从句通常用虚拟语气:与现在的情况相反时,用一般过去时;与过去的情况相反时,用过去完成时;与将来的情况相反时,用“would/could/might+动词原形”。
[对点集训] 单句填空
1.Over time, the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces.
2.—Was it still there you were away to answer the phone
—There is no doubt about it.
case you're wondering, here's why mobile data are so expensive in South Africa when compared with other countries.
4.In the forest, sound is the best means of communication over distance in comparison with light, it won't be blocked by trees when travelling.
5.Many of life's failures are experienced by people who did not realize how close they were to success they gave up.
6.China's Silk Road Economic Belt, accomplished, will quicken the economic growth of the countries along the route.
7.Sometimes it's hard to accept the truth the lie sounds so much better.
8.Lessons can be learned to face the future, history cannot be changed.
【难点突破】
易 混 易 错
难点 状语从句的省略
[典例1] It is so cold that you can't go outside fully covered in thick clothes.
解析 句意:天太冷了,除非你严严实实地裹上厚衣服,否则你不能去外面。根据句意可知,空处应填unless。此处为条件状语从句的省略,将其补充完整为unless you are fully covered in thick clothes。
高 分 突 破
方法1 理清前后逻辑关系,牢记固定结构和句式
[典例2] It is often said that the joy of travelling is not in arriving at your destination in the journey itself.
解析 句意:人们常说,旅行的快乐不在于到达目的地而在于旅程本身。根据句意及句中的not可知,空处应填but。not...but...表示“不是……而是……”,连接两个并列成分,符合句意。
方法2 判断状语从句类型,确定从属连词
[典例3] —How long do you think it is he arrived here
—No more than half a year,I believe.
解析 “It is+时间段+since从句” 意为“自从……已经多长时间了”,是固定句型,故填since。
【考能提升】
层级1 基础巩固练
单句填空
1. many of us today take the television for granted, it's actually one of the greatest inventions of the 20th century.
2. they are extremely talented, it can be really hard for models with just a few years' experience to impress the big brands and win opportunities.
3.Any offender shall be brought back and brought to justice even he/she may flee abroad.
4.Most people have to get to a point where they don't have a choice they will change something.
5.The man hid himself behind the door waiting so no other people could see him negotiating with his manager about his promotion.
6.One might think Fleming discovered penicillin by accident, actually this is far from the truth.
7.They were going back home the accident happened.
8.They kept their collection at home until it got too big until they died, and then it was given to a museum.
9.The price of diamond rings has risen sharply the price of gold rings has gone down.
层级2 经典提升练
单句填空
1.(2022·新高考Ⅰ)The GPNP is designed to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations”.
2.(2022·全国乙)The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation cultural exchanges.
3.(2022·新高考Ⅱ)He hung on for a few minutes screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him.
4.(2022·浙江)The feeling of being able to see it to form my opinion is like breaking down another wall as a blind person.
5.(2021·全国甲)We hired our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky did the job.
6.(2021·浙江1月)In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.
7.(2021·浙江)Although Mary loved flowers, she nor her husband was known as a gardener.
8.(2021·天津第一次)We all need to get involved in saving energy it's at work, at home, or at school.
9.(2020·全国Ⅰ)After that I poured oil into a pan and turned on the stove, I waited patiently the oil was hot.
层级3 语境拓展练
语法填空
Why does autumn have two names According to Merriam-Webster, “autumn”appeared first in English in the 1300s, coming from the Latin word “autumnus”. Autumn caught on quickly, likely 1. it replaced the original name—“harvest”. 2. you might imagine, 3. crops were collected from the fields, calling the season“harvest”might make people confused because “harvest” is also the name for the act itself.
4. “autumn”appeared instead of “harvest”. Then the term, “autumn”, which referred to the season between summer 5. winter, lasted for a couple of centuries.“Fall”as a name for the season came about sometime in the 1500s, a shortened version of the very poetic phrase “the fall of leaves”. Not even a century later, the phrase became a simple word: fall.
Around this same time, the English language was traveling across the globe 6. Britain expanded, 7. it was going through some changes, 8. many languages did. This was particularly true in the American colonies (殖民地). Some English words changed in the US, whether in terms of spelling 9. in terms of general usage. In the mid-1800s, British and American English speakers further developed in different ways. “Fall”was the common word for “autumn”in the US, 10. autumn was regarded as the word for fall in England.
层级4 衔接写作练
衔接1 when引导时间状语从句,意为“正在这时”
[典例再现](2022·新高考Ⅱ)听到尖叫声时,亨利正在修车。
Henry was fixing his car when he heard the screams.
[写作应用]孩子们正在观看2022年卡塔尔世界杯足球赛,这时突然灯灭了。
衔接2 having done 比 after 从句更高级
[典例再现](2020·新高考Ⅰ)失败了许多次之后,他们几乎要灰心了。但约翰叔叔来帮助他们了。
Having failed many times, they almost lost heart. But Uncle John came to their assistance.
[写作应用](2021·天津)话虽如此,我很长一段时间都不知道我在寻找什么。
微专题6 并列句和状语从句
考点精研
考点一
情境导入
(1)不但……而且…… (2)转折 (3)然而 (4)因为 (5)那么 (6)并列 (7)选择 (8)两者都 (9)因此 (10)相反 (11)不是……而是…… (12)刚要做某事突然…… (13)既不……也不……
考点分析
对点集训 1.while 2.but 3.or 4.and 5.and 6.and
考点二
情境导入
(1)时间 (2)一……就…… (3)时间 (4)时间 (5)原因 (6)比较 (7)原因 (8)条件 (9)时间 (10)时间 (11)让步
(12)让步 (13)随着 (14)地点 (15)时间 (16)方式
(17)结果 (18)省略 (19)让步 (20)目的
考点分析
对点集训 1.as/when 2.while 3.In 4.because 5.when 6.once 7.because/as/since 8.though/while/although
考能提升
层级1
1.While/Although/Though 2.Unless 3.if/though 4.before
5.that 6.but 7.when 8.or 9.while
层级2
1.and 2.and 3.and 4.and 5.but 6.and 7.neither
8.whether 9.until/till
层级3
1.because 2.As 3.when 4.So 5.and 6.as 7.and 8.as
9.or 10.while
层级4
衔接1 The kids were watching the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 when suddenly the lights went out.
衔接2 Having said that, I did not know for a long time what I was looking for.
2