2024年高考英语人教版（2019）一轮复习 学案 微专题7 定语从句学案（含答案）

微专题7 定语从句
【考点精研】
【情境导入】
朗读下面短文,体会、领悟加黑部分为哪类关系词,在从句中充当什么成分,修饰的先行词是什么。
It was the summer of 2020 when① I came to Guangning No. 1 Senior High School. Our school is a wonderful place, where② I can see a lot of beautiful buildings and a large square. Our classroom, the roof of which③ looks like a rocket in the distance, is located in the center of our school. The main reason why④ I like our school is that I can make many friends here. I can get along with my classmates, two of whom⑤are my best friends. Jack, who⑥ comes from Tanbu Junior High School, is very active. He likes various sports, among which⑦he likes running most. He runs 5 kilometers every day, which⑧makes him look strong. Nick, whose⑨ father is a teacher in Lianhe Junior High School, studies very hard. We often talk about the people and the things that⑩ we see in our school. Nick prefers the food tha is made in our canteen. The teacher who he likes is Mr Zhang, our math teacher, while my beloved teacher is my English teacher, Miss Chen. To be honest, I gradually fall in love with our school.
[用法体悟]
(1)①处为关系副词when (=in which)引导的定语从句,先行词是the summer of 2020,在从句中作　　　　　　　　。
(2)②处为关系副词where (=at which)引导的定语从句,先行词是a wonderful place,在从句中作　　　　　　　　。
(3)③处的先行词是　　　　　　　　,指物,关系词应用which。the roof of which中的of表示所属关系,意为“我们教室的屋顶”。
(4)④处为关系副词why引导的定语从句,先行词是　　　　　　　　,在定语从句中作　　　　　　　　。
(5)⑤处的先行词是　　　　　　　　,指人,关系词应用whom。two of whom中的of表示部分与整体的关系,意为“我的同班同学中的两个人”。
(6)⑥为who引导的定语从句, 先行词是Jack,在从句中作　　　　　　　　。
(7)⑦处为which引导的定语从句,先行词是　　　　　　　　,在从句中作介词among的宾语。
(8)⑧处为which引导的定语从句,先行词是He runs 5 kilometers every day整个句子,并在从句中作　　　　　　　　。
(9)⑨处为whose引导的定语从句,先行词是Nick,在定语从句中作　　　　　　　　,表示Nick's。
(10)⑩处为that引导的定语从句,先行词是　　　　　　　　,既指人又指物,通常用that引导。
(11)处为that引导的定语从句,先行词是the food,在从句中作　　　　　　　　,还可以用　　　　　　　　引导。
(12)处为whom引导的定语从句,先行词是The teacher,在从句中作　　　　　　　　,还可以用　　　　　　　　引导。
【考点分析】
一、关系代词引导的定语从句
Tip 1 who、whom、whose引导的定语从句
1.who或whom均可指代人,但who在从句中可作主语也可作宾语,whom在从句中只作宾语,两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。作主语时,who/that不可省略;作宾语时,whom/who/that可以省略。
(2022·浙江1月)Find people in your company who share common interests and develop your career around the people and activities you love.在你的公司里寻找和你有共同兴趣的人,围绕你喜欢的人和活动发展你的事业。
I've become good friends with several of the students in my school (who/whom/that) I met in the English speech contest last year. 我与几个在去年英语演讲比赛中结识的学生成了好朋友。
2.whose表示所属关系,一般指人,也可指物,在从句中作定语。指物时相当于of which,指人时相当于of whom。
I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect other students.我在班上有一位意想不到的助教,他的创造力会感染其他学生。
Tip 2 that、which引导的定语从句
1.which指物,常在从句中作主语、宾语,作宾语时可以省略。that指人或物均可,常在从句中作主语、宾语、表语,作宾语时可以省略。
She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had been constructed three years before. 她带着游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。
Last month, an English festival was held in our school, and our class performed a song which/that you taught us at the festival.上个月,我们学校举办了一场英语节,我们班表演了你在节日上教我们的一首歌。
2.限制性定语从句中,关系代词只用that不用which的情况:
(1)先行词为不定代词anything、nothing、something、everything、all、some、none、little、few、the one等时。
I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else's fault. 我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。
(2)先行词是形容词最高级或序数词,或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。
The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
(3)先行词被the only、the very、the last、the same、any、every、each、few、little、no、some、all等修饰时。
The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert. 这顿饭只有甜点是我真正爱吃的。
(4)先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的词时。
They will never forget the things and persons that they've seen or heard of during their long journey.他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。
3.关系代词只用which而不用that的情况:
(1)关系词引导非限制性定语从句时。
The boy was away from home for a week, which worried his parents very much.这个男孩离家一个星期了,这使他父母很担心。
名 师 指 津
which引导非限制性定语从句代指主句整句话的内容时只能位于主句之后。
He kept lying to me, which annoyed me greatly. 他总是对我说谎,这使我很恼火。
(2)关系代词前有介词时。
We live in an age in which information is available with greater ease than ever before.我们生活在一个比以前更容易获得信息的时代。
Tip 3 as引导的定语从句
1.as可以引导限制性定语从句,常用于“such/the same+先行词+as...”结构中。
Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 像在我们车间使用的这种机器就是中国制造的。
2.as也可以引导非限制性定语从句,补充说明整个句子,可放在主句之前、之中或之后。常用的类似插入语有as the saying goes、as is said above、as is mentioned above、as often happens、as is often the case、as is reported in the newspaper等。
(2022·全国乙)Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.果汁、以牛奶为原料的饮料和大多数酒精饮料是免税的,每年生产不到100万升的小公司也是免税的。
[对点集训] 单句填空
1.　　　　 is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress.
2.There were many fans in the social media 　　　　expressed their sadness over Jin Yong's death.
3.They explained the way to us 　　　　can greatly reduce energy waste.
4.The picture always reminds me of the moments 　　　　we spent together in the high school.
5.Being there gave me a chance to touch base with three friends 　　　　I had not seen for a year.
6.This restaurant has an inviting, homelike atmosphere 　　　　many others are short of.
7.Officials of our city are considering a law 　　　　would require pet owners to put microchips in their animals.
8.Analysts in China say there are three factors 　　　　contribute to the sudden increase of bikes.
二、关系副词引导的定语从句
Tip 1 where引导的定语从句
where表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语,相当于“介词+which”。
(2021·新高考Ⅰ)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs.虽然在上山的路上,这是唯一不自然的东西,但它仍然突出了整个冒险,并且提供了一个地方,让你可以坐下来使你酸痛的双腿得以歇息。
名 师 指 津
当先行词为situation、case、stage、point、activity、atmosphere等抽象名词,且引导词在定语从句中表示事情发生的情况、阶段等时,常用关系副词where引导。
(2021·天津)This bit of success, however, was the point where my problem began.然而,这一点的成功正是我的问题开始的地方。
Tip 2 when引导的定语从句
when表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语,相当于“介词+which”。
We all look forward to the day when(=on which) the scientists can discover more secrets of the universe.我们都向往那一天:科学家们能发现更多宇宙的秘密。
Tip 3 why引导的定语从句
why表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,相当于“for+which”。
Do you know the reason why(=for which) he didn't attend the meeting 你知道他没参加会议的原因吗
名 师 指 津
在非限制性定语从句中,用for which表示原因而不用why。
I had told them the reason, for which I didn't attend the meeting. 我把我没有去开会的原因告诉了他们。
[对点集训] 单句填空
1.Life is like a race 　　　　we all compete with ourselves against time.
2.There was a time 　　　　people might feel awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over.
3.Unless you're ill, there's no reason 　　　　you can't get those 15 minutes of walking in daily.
4.Whether you like it or not, we live in a community 　　　　online chatting is an important part of communication.
5.The hardest part in adapting the life in Holland is during Christmas holiday 　　　　no stores opened and no pedestrians on the street.
6.In the fast-moving information age, teenagers should keep pace with the media environment 　　　　they communicate with the outside world.
三、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
Tip 1 介词和关系代词的确定
若介词放在关系代词之前,关系代词指人时用whom,指物时用which。另外,whose也可以放在介词后,即“介词+whose+名词”结构。一般来说,确定关系代词前的介词,可以从以下三方面入手:
(1)先行词的意义;
(2)从句中的动词或形容词的固定搭配;
(3)句子的意思。
(2021·浙江1月)Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate.黑猩猩会检查自己是否得到了想要与之交流的动物的关注。
Tip 2 “of+关系代词”引导的定语从句
在some、any、few、little、none、all、both、neither、many、most、each等代词或数词的前后表示整体与部分的关系可以用of which/whom。
John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of whom are his family members. 约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼,他们当中绝大部分是他的家庭成员。
[对点集训] 单句填空
1.There should be someone 　　　　whom you can turn for any advice or to solve any problems.
2.Paul's friend didn't know the real reason 　　　　which he looked so sad today.
3.Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most 　　　　which have never been published before.
4.Our special thanks also go to the thousands of gracious volunteers, 　　　　whom none of this would be possible.
5.Tom spent four years in college, 　　　　which time he learned French.
6.I have a wide range of hobbies, 　　　　which running the show is my favorite one.
【难点突破】
易 混 易 错
难点　先行词相同,关系词不同的情况
[典例1]　The terrible accident happened on the day 　　　　my father left for America, a day 　　　　we'll never forget.
解析 　句中含有两个定语从句,先行词都是day。第一个空格处在从句中作时间状语,故用when引导;第二个空格处在从句中作宾语,故用that或者which引导。
名 师 指 津
遇到类似的题目,考生应特别注意从句中动词是及物动词还是不及物动词。及物动词后应接宾语;不及物动词后如有介词,可加宾语,如无介词,则应用关系副词。
高 分 突 破
方法1　分析从句所缺成分,确定关系词
[典例2]　If a shop has chairs 　　　　women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.
解析 　分析句子结构可知,在if引导的条件状语从句中,空格处引导的定语从句修饰先行词chairs,定语从句中缺少地点状语,故用where。
方法2　巧用固定结构
[典例3]　Those houses are sold at such a low price 　　　　people expected.
解析 　分析句子结构可知,空格处在从句中作expected的宾语;并且与前面的such构成固定结构“such...as...”,故用as。
【考能提升】
层级1　基础巩固练
单句填空
1.I have been reading Commonwealth recently. I think it is the most interesting book 　　　　I have ever read.
2.It was in the small house 　　　　was built with stones that he spent his childhood.
3.If you want to learn the piano well, all 　　　　you have to do is to practice every day with correct methods.
4.They talked about the things and people 　　　　they met during the trip.
5.My grandmother lived in a generation 　　　　women were looked down upon.
6.This was a period 　　　　we Chinese went through a lot of sufferings.
7.I will never forget the scene 　　　　you risked (冒险) your life to save the injured.
8.Gone are the days 　　　　surgery meant cutting a patient open. Modern medicine offers doctors less invasive tools to operate on disease-stricken bodies.
9.In addition to this traditional medical treatment, he tried to put himself in situations 　　　　would bring about positive emotions.
10.The train ran over a boy and his dog 　　　　were just crossing the track.
层级2　经典提升练
单句填空
1.(2022·全国甲)On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, 　　　　lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.
2.(2022·全国甲)This special building is a place in 　　　　theatre is made and where children, artists, writers and anyone else have the opportunity(机会) to do creative things.
3.(2022·新高考Ⅰ)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 　　　　live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
4.(2022·新高考Ⅰ)I looked around and finally spotted David, 　　　　was standing by himself off to the side by a fence.
5.(2022·新高考Ⅰ)David had a brain disease 　　　　prevented him from walking or running like other children, but at school his classmates thought of him as a regular kid.
6.(2022·全国乙)They often run at high speeds, 　　　　may put our lives in danger.
7.(2022·全国乙)So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children 　　　　shoes were held together with string was a surprise.
8.(2022·浙江)“We focus on urban areas 　　　　access to nature is often not that easy”, says Hartley. “We see it as a chance to try to break the growing disconnect between people and nature.”
9.(2022·浙江1月)Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics 　　　　are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.
10.(2022·浙江1月)She also admitted that a relatively small number of women were studied, all of 　　　　were from Sweden, so the results might not be applicable to other groups.
11.(2021·浙江1月)BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool 　　　　gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.
12.(2021·天津第一次)William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes from 　　　　we can learn without repeating them.
13.(2021·天津第一次)At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands 　　　　artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.
14.(2021·北京)When you sleep,your brain sorts through everything 　　　　happened during the day,trying to link new experiences to old memories.
15.(2021·天津)In the spring, a season 　　　　we are learning new rhythms of life,many of us find comfort in the natural world.
16.(2021·全国乙)However, that was small fry compared with the city's Circus Maximus, 　　　　accommodated around 250,000 people.
17.(2021·全国甲)　　　　 a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world”.
层级3　语境拓展练
语法填空
　　There was a time 1.　　　　 I was tired of learning English and disliked speaking English.And this was the reason 2.　　　　 my father forced me to join in a 30-day training in an English club before I went to senior high school.
When I first came to the club 3.　　　　 I met many strangers,I missed my parents very much.So I packed up my things and wanted to go home.Fortunately,my guide,4.　　　　 teacher was Yu Minhong,communicated with me face to face,from 5.　　　　 I gained some useful instructions.He also introduced a good partner to me,and we got along well with each other.Gradually I adapted to the life there.Every day I would talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6.　　　　 we did.I should be grateful to my father and the guide, 7.　　　　 encouraged me to fall in love with English.
Now I feel it interesting to learn English,into 8.　　　　 I put my entire energy. Every day I read my words and passages aloud.In class I join in English discussions.Before I go to sleep,I recall the passages,through 9.　　　　 I can memorize a large number of new words. 10.　　　　 our English teacher says,“As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance,you will master English sooner or later.”
层级4　衔接写作练
衔接1　whose引导定语从句时,作定语,且不能省略
[典例再现](2021·全国甲)有消息说,我们学校将举行一次班会,其主题与中国传统习俗有关。
Word came that our school is going to hold a class meeting, whose topic is related to traditional Chinese customs.
[写作应用](2022·新高考Ⅰ)你是我们杰出的外语老师,你的援助可以帮助我们很多。
2
衔接2　 当先行词被the only、the very、the same、the last等修饰时,定语从句用that不用which引导
[典例再现](2021·全国乙)我祖父害怕离开他们过去60年来唯一的家。
My grandfather was afraid of leaving the only home that they had known for the past 60 years.
[写作应用](2022·浙江)如果这是年轻人唯一的写作方式,那就会产生问题。
微专题7　定语从句
考点精研
情境导入
(1)时间状语　(2)地点状语　(3)Our classroom　(4)The main reason;原因状语　(5)my classmates　(6)主语　(7)various sports　(8)主语　(9)定语　(10)the people and the things　(11)主语;which　(12)宾语;that/who
考点分析
一、
对点集训　1.As　2.who　3.which/that　4.which/that
5.whom/that/who　6.that/which　7.that/which　8.that
二、
对点集训　1.where　2.when　3.why　4.where　5.when
6.where
三、
对点集训　1.to　2.for　3.of　4.without　5.during　6.among
考能提升
层级1
1.that　2.which/that　3.that　4.that　5.when　6.when
7.where　8.when　9.which/that　10.that
层级2
1.who　2.which　3.that　4.who　5.which　6.which
7.whose　8.where　9.who/that　10.whom　11.that/which　12.which　13.where　14.that　15.when　16.which　17.As
层级3
1.when　2.why　3.where　4.whose　5.which　6.that/which
7.who　8.which　9.which　10.As
层级4
衔接1　You are our distinguished foreign language teacher, whose aid can help us a lot.
衔接2　If this is the only kind of writing that young people do, it will cause problems.
2