2024届高考英语一轮复习语法回头看之基本句子类型 课件(共24张PPT)

(共24张PPT)
（句子成分和八种基本句型结构）
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句子的成分：
主语：表示句子说的是什么人或什么事，由名﹑代﹑数﹑不定式﹑动名词﹑短语或句子充当位于句首。
谓语：说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样由动词或动词词组充当，位于主语后。
表语：说明主语的性质或特征，位于系动词之后。
宾语：表示动作行为的对象，通常位于及物动词和介词的后面。
宾语补足语：补充宾语的成分，通常位于宾语后。由形容词﹑名词﹑介词短语等充当。
S+V+P (主+系+表)
S+V+O (主+谓+宾)
S+V (主+谓)
S+V+IO+DO（主+谓+间宾+直宾）
S+V+O+OC （主+谓+宾+宾补）
Simple Sentence Pattern
S+V+A (主+谓+状)
S+V +O+A (主+谓+宾+状)
There be (存在句)
┃1. Times flies.

┃2. 我们努力学习.

S + V
此句型中动词是不及物动词，能表达完整意思。
常见的动词如：work, sing, swim, rise, jump,
arrive, come, die, cry, happen,go等。
S
V
we work hard.
┃1. The book is interesting.
┃2. 我感觉很失望.

S + V + P
此句型中谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。
S
V
P
I felt very disappointed.
状态：be;seem;appear等等
感官：smell； feel； taste；sound； look ...
变化：become； get； turn；go ； come； grow ...
持续：remain； stay； keep； continue等
┃1. He understands English.

┃2. She likes English.

S + V + O
此句型中的谓语动词是及物动词，必须跟一个宾语，才能使意思完整，而宾语成分的多样化使这一结构异常复杂。
S
V
O
S
V
O
┃1. She passed him a new dress.
┃2. My father bought a book to me.
S + V + IO + DO
此句型中的谓语动词必须有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者（多指物），另一个是动作的间接宾语（多指人）。
S
V
IO
DO
for
He bought a beautiful skirt for me.
(需借助to 的)：bring give lend offer pass send show tell write ask 等。
（需借助for 的）：buy call cook draw find get make order sing 等。
若要先说出直接宾语，后说间接宾语则要借助介词to或for。
He bought me a beautiful skirt.
S + V + O + C
┃1. 他们发现教室很干净.

┃2. The boss made the boy to work hard.
此句型中谓语动词除了跟一个宾语外，还需跟一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。
They find the classroom clean.
此类动词有：have make let see watch notice observe look at hear listen to feel find leave keep等.
e.g. I saw them getting on the bus.
I saw him taken to the hospital.
We saw him go out.
注意：
He was seen to go out.
在主动语态中，宾补要省to;在被动语
态中，宾补要加to。
6．主谓状结构(SVA)：主语＋谓语＋状语　
[先感知]
①Everything│goes│well.
②He│has been standing│there.
③They│talked│for half an hour last night.
④His parents│have worked│in the company for ten years.
⑤She│was reading│when her mother came in.
[会发现]　句①② 作状语；句③④介词短语作状语；句⑤ 作状语。
副词
从句
[明规则]
该结构中的谓语动词通常为不及物动词；副词或介词短语等在句中作状语，修饰或说明谓语动词。
[对点练]　(分析句子成分/完成句子)
①The exhibition will start on June 21 and last for a week.
　 主语　　　
②Hopefully, you can take part.
状语　
③If accepted, (我会努力工作) to offer you best articles.
谓语
状语
谓语
状语
主语
谓语
I will work hard
7．主谓宾状结构(SVOA)：主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语
[先感知]
①The man│raised│his arms│above his head.
②The girl│enjoys│reading│in the morning.
③She│was doing│her homework│when the teacher came in.
[会发现]　此结构中，谓语动词是 ；句①③中宾语是 ；句②中宾语是动词-ing；句③中状语是 。
[明规则]
该结构的谓语动词通常为及物动词或动词短语；副词、介词短语或从句等在句中作状语，修饰或说明谓语动词。　　　　
及物动词
名词
从句
[对点练]　(分析句子成分/翻译句子)
①One day some of my students were talking about
状语　　　　　
what they would like to be in the future.
　　　　　　宾语
②我刚才看到她了。
___________________
③昨天，我拜访了一位朋友。
_________________________________
主语
谓语
I saw her just now.
I visited one of my friends yesterday.
8．There be句型　
[先感知]
①There were two boys and a girl under the tree just now.
②There goes the bell. Let's go into the lecture hall.
③There seems to be a little dog under the desk.
④There happened to be a man walking by.
[会发现]　句①谓语动词是were；句②第一个句子中谓语动词是goes，后接主语；句③④谓语动词是seems to be和happened to be，后接的是 。
主语
[明规则]
There be句型表示“某处存在某物或某人”。基本结构是： There is/are/was/were ...。谓语动词有时候可用表示存在的其他动词(短语)，如live， stand， lie， seem/appear to be (好像有)， happen to be (碰巧有)， used to be (曾经有) 等。
[对点练]　(完成句子)
① on the road.
路上的汽车太多了。
There are too many cars
②(2021·浙江6月写作)The farmer said but I wasn't interested.
农夫说可能会有更多的工作，但我不感兴趣。
③ a lack of communication.
似乎是缺乏沟通。
④John opened the door. he had never seen before.
约翰打开门，他从来没见过的一个女孩站在那儿。
there might be more work
There seems to be
There stood a girl
Practice more:
　　
　　Write single eight sentences and point out the sentence pattern on the exercise book by using basic sentence patterns.
Company
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