2024年高考英语二轮复习：专题三 完形填空 第2讲　夹叙夹议文课件（共72张PPT）

(共72张PPT)
完形填空
专题三
第2讲
夹叙夹议文
常用以下方法来解此类型试题：
解题要领 要领解读
分析结构，抓住作者的观点 借助文章结构，即事例→观点，观点→事例，观点→事例→观点，体会记叙和议论的关系，抓住作者的观点，明确文章的组织方式。看文章属于上述哪种结构，从而明白作者的写作思路。
解题要领 要领解读
重视首句，把握文章主题 首句往往是文章的关键句、引题句或主题句。通过首句可以初步判断文章的写作中心，为全面理解文章打开一扇“窗户”。
叙议兼顾，理解议论内涵 夹叙夹议文中叙与议是一个有机的整体，叙是议的基础，而议是叙的升华。在读这类文章时，掌握议论部分的内容是关键，因为叙述是为作者的议论而服务的。所以只有把故事和哲理联系起来，再结合对人物心理和行为的描述，全面把握文章才能正确解题。
解题要领 要领解读
抓住转换，理清逻辑关系 抓住记叙与议论的转换，及时调整思维方式，理清上下文之间的逻辑关系，在充分把握语境的基础上，辨析词语，进一步把握作者的观点、态度，找到正确答案。
For the past ten years，my dad and I have attended the same school—he as an administrator and I as a student.Our relationship，in and out of school，has been totally unpredictable.
典例导入 (2020·天津5月改编)
语篇解读
这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者与父亲的关系的演变见证了作者的成长。
1.A.temporarily B.naturally
C.originally D.passively
When I was younger，all that my dad said was doctrine(信条) and anything he did I， 1 ，copied.
temporarily暂时地；naturally自然地；originally起初；passively被动地。根据“all that my dad said was doctrine(信条)”可知，既然父亲说的都是信条，那父亲所做的事作者自然要照做。
√
As I grew older，we were not as 2 as we used to be.He wasn’t cool anymore.
close亲密的；reliable可靠的，值得信赖的；generous大方的；confident自信的。下一句“He wasn’t cool anymore.”表明作者和父亲没有那么亲密无间了。
2.A.close B.reliable
C.generous D.confident
√
He listened to 3 country music and laughed too loudly in front of my friends.He became a total embarrassment.
creative创造性的；familiar熟悉的；horrible极讨厌的；live鲜活的。根据“He became a total embarrassment.”可知，作者认为父亲听的乡村音乐令人生厌。
3.A.creative B.familiar
C.horrible D.live
√
However，the 4 that occurred in school were even worse.
failure失败；coincidence巧合；competition竞赛；disaster灾难。根据“even worse”可知，作者认为在学校里发生的事是“灾难”。
4.A.failures B.coincidences
C.competitions D.disasters
√
This 5 continued into high school，but we somehow began to find a balance.
debate争论；party聚会，党派；progress进步；struggle斗争，挣扎。作者多年来的经历告诉我们作者内心是挣扎的，纠结于与父亲的关系。
5.A.debate B.party
C.progress D.struggle
√
Things started to 6 around the time of my 10th-grade physics project.
happen发生；change改变；grow生长；disappear消失。根据下文“I found that mixed in with my was a touch of pride”可知，在作者十年级物理课项目上，事情开始发生变化。
6.A.happen B.change
C.grow D.disappear
√
The 7 was to build a wood bridge with the best strength-to-weight ratio(比率).
issue问题；task任务；lesson教训；procedure程序，步骤。根据下文“to build a wood bridge”可知，建造木桥是此次项目的任务。
7.A.issue B.task
C.lesson D.procedure
√
All the students and physics teachers 8 .
8.A.participated B.protested
C.hesitated D.explored
√
participate参加；protest抗议；hesitate犹豫；explore探索。根据下文“my dad defeated all competitors”可知，此处表示所有的同学和物理老师都参与进来了。
So did my dad，the only administrator! Embarrassed，as usual，I 9 the scene.
flee逃离；investigate调查；picture想象；make制造。根据上文“Embarrassed，as usual”可知，作者像往常一样感到尴尬，所以逃离了现场。
9.A.fled B.investigated
C.pictured D.made
√
10 ，later when I learned from my friends that my dad defeated all competitors and won everyone’s admiration，
instead相反，取而代之；otherwise要不然的话；therefore因此；however然而。根据下文“a touch of pride”可知，这与之前作者认为的父亲的行为令人尴尬形成一个意义上的转折。
10.A.Instead B.Otherwise
C.Therefore D.However
√
I found that mixed in with my 11 was a touch of pride.
confusion困惑；encouragement鼓励；embarrassment尴尬；fascination魅力。根据上文“He became a total embarrassment.”可知，作者发现自己的尴尬中混杂了一丝自豪。
11.A.confusion B.encouragement
C.embarrassment D.fascination
√
I had needed someone else to show me what I 12 in my dad.It wasn’t the fact that he’d won；
recommend推荐；tolerate忍受，忍耐；doubt怀疑；appreciate欣赏，感激。上句说作者有一丝的自豪感，也就是对父亲有欣赏。
12.A.recommended B.tolerated
C.doubted D.appreciated
√
it was more than that.I began to 13 many of the same values and sometimes the same opinions that we have.
be aware of知道，意识到；call for要求，需要；argue for为……辩论；bring about导致。根据下文“many of the same values and sometimes the same opinions”可知，作者开始意识到和父亲有很多相同的价值观甚至相同的观点。
13.A.be aware of B.call for
C.argue for D.bring about
√
14.A.puzzled B.fortunate
C.concerned D.awkward
I feel 14 to have such an unusual father.
puzzled困惑的；fortunate幸运的；concerned关心的，担忧的；awkward尴尬的，令人难堪的。根据“such an unusual father”可知，有这样不同寻常的父亲当然是幸运的。
√
The 15 I have developed with my dad over the years has enabled me to look back and see how I’ve grown.
strategy方法，策略；habit习惯；relationship关系；potential潜力。根据文章首段的“Our relationship，in and out of school，has been totally unpredictable.”可知，此处是原词复现，指作者多年以来和父亲的关系。
15.A.strategy B.habit
C.relationship D.potential
√
文本分析 中心思想 作者与父亲的关系的演变见证了作者的成长。
叙述角度 第一人称
语篇结构 事例→观点
写作要素 my dad；I；younger；grew older；high school；10th-grade physics project；a touch of pride；an unusual father
写作目的 体现了“人与自我——积极的生活态度”的主题
技法四　析逻辑，索答案
语篇是由一些意义相关的句子根据一定的逻辑关系组织起来的语义整体。逻辑关系隐藏在句子中、句与句之间以及段落间的衔接中，体现作者的写作思路和篇章意义，是贯穿整篇文章的主线。完形填空中的任何一道题该选哪个选项，在文中必有依据。因此，解答完形填空最基本的方法就是根据空格前后所提供的信息或上下文之间的逻辑关系，由已知部分推断出未知部分，做出符合逻辑的判断。上文第10题可根据对立关系解题。
下面是完形填空中主要考查的七大逻辑关系：
(1)对立关系
对立关系包括让步、对比和转折关系，常见的标志词和短语有：but，however，yet(然而，但是)，on the contrary(相反)，by contrast(相比之下)，unfortunately，although，even though，while(虽然，然而)，nevertheless(然而，不过)，whereas(然而)，in spite of(尽管)，regardless of(不管，不顾)，anyhow(不管怎样)，after all(毕竟)，instead of(而不是)，rather than(而不是)，not...but...，otherwise(否则)，or else，to the opposite(相反)，compared with等。
When I met Tiffy’s owners，they seemed very 47.nervous.George，the husband，was trying to be calm，but I could tell this was 48 for him，having to leave his dog to a 49.stranger and trust that everything would 50.work out.
48.A.hard B.fine
C.common D.lucky
真题体验1 (2023·新课标Ⅱ)
√
hard困难的；fine好的；common常见的；lucky幸运的。根据上文“was trying to be calm”和转折连词but可知，虽然他试图保持冷静，但把狗留给一个陌生人对主人来说很难。故选A。
Mario’s wine may have been cloudy and come out of an old bottle，but it was 57 .
57.A.perfect B.useful
C.convenient D.familiar
真题体验2 (2023·全国甲)
√
perfect完美的；useful有用的；convenient便利的；familiar熟悉的。根据前文“Mario’s wine may have been cloudy and come out of an old bottle”以及空前的but可知，此处表转折，即马里奥的酒可能是混浊的，而且是从一个旧瓶子里被倒出来的，但它是完美的。故选A。
(2)并列和递进关系
并列和递进关系常用的标志词和短语有：and，even，or，neither...nor...，not only...but (also)...，similarly等。
The students who he’s 15.driven have gone on to become physicians，teachers and engineers，but what they’ve also got out of their time in school is finding a role model and a friend in Wilson.Some students 16 call him “Grandpa”.
16.A.even B.ever
C.once D.already
真题体验3 (2019·北京)
√
根据语境，此处表示这些大学生视威尔逊为楷模和朋友，甚至(even)亲切地叫他“爷爷”。
A year later，much to my 58.delight，this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me.He did not kneel(跪) down，nor did I
59 him to.That’s only for giving 60.water to the dogs that brought us together.
59.A.beg B.trust
C.need D.aid
真题体验4 (2022·全国甲)
√
beg乞求；trust信任；need需要；aid帮助。由下文“That’s only for giving 60.water to the dogs”可知，之前史蒂夫给作者的爱犬喂水这一举动就足以拉近他们两人的关系，因此作者也不需要他下跪。此处nor表示递进关系，意为“也不”。
(3)目的和因果关系
目的和因果关系常用的标志词和短语有：because，for，since，as(因为)，thus(因此)，hence(因此)，therefore，so，so...that，such...that，in order that，in case，consequently(因此)，accordingly，due to，thanks to，on account of(由于，因为)，because of，seeing that(由于，因为)，in that(因为)，now that，as a result，for this reason等。
My mother was so 51.touched by her gesture that she decided to go back to the store and give the cashier(收银员) a five-dollar bill to keep on hand 52 the same happened to someone else if they didn’t have enough 53.money for all of their groceries.
52.A.in case B.even if
C.as though D.so that
真题体验5 (2021·浙江)
√
in case以防万一；even if即使；as though好像；so that以便。根据语境可知，受到陌生女士的启发，作者的母亲决定在收银台放5美元，以防别人也遇到类似的情况。
(4)条件关系
条件关系常用的标志词和短语有：if，unless，whether，supposing，on condition that，provided that，depending on等。
As you mark off another “Earth Day” in your calendars，content that for at least 24 hours I remained in your thoughts，I wanted to remind you that I am sick.I’m frightened that 1 I can’t soon receive the appropriate medicine and care I need，my illness will become terminal beyond all cures.
1.A.when B.though
C.if D.unless
经典体验6
√
句意：我担心如果我不能很快地得到我所需要的适当的药物和护理，我的病就会变成不治之症。if引导条件状语从句。
(5)时间关系
时间关系常用的标志词和短语有：before，since，as(随着)，until，meanwhile，at the moment，when，whenever，as soon as等。
For him，it was one thing to 49.accept his own fate of being blind and quite another to allow something to continue 50 it could be fixed so easily.This moved him to action.
50.A.until B.when
C.unless D.before
真题体验7 (2020·江苏)
根据下文“This moved him to action.”可知，对他来说，接受自己失明的命运是一回事，而在事情还容易解决的情况下却放任不管就完全是另一回事了。when“当……的时候”，符合此处语境。
√
(6)层次和顺序关系
层次和顺序关系常用的标志词和短语有：besides，finally，first，firstly，further，eventually，in the first place，last，next，second，secondly，third，thirdly，to begin with，to start with，on the one hand...on the other (hand)...等。
I 44.followed beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle.Ziyad began preparations.He 45.gathered handfuls of damp tree leaves，wrapped them with string，and 46.lit the bunch to create a torch(火把).Then，with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree，Ziyad began 47.climbing.He stopped every few minutes to move the 48.rope higher up the tree trunk.
真题体验8 (2023·浙江1月)
49 ，Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground.
49.A.Finally B.Surprisingly
C.Naturally D.Immediately
√
finally最终；surprisingly令人意外地；naturally自然地；immediately立刻。根据上文的表顺序关系的关键词“began preparations”和“Then”可知，本空填“Finally”能与上文形成顺承关系。故选A。
(7)例证关系
例证关系常用的标志词和短语有：all in all，altogether，in brief，in sum，in conclusion，in short，in summary，on the whole，to sum up，to summarize，as a proof，as an example，for example，for instance，to name but a few，in particular，just as，namely，such as，that is，as to，say(比方说)等。
“I hope this method would be put into practice in the near future，
1 in the next 10 years，” he says.
1.A.imagine B.say
C.suppose D.consider
经典体验9
√
say在此处用作举例，意为“譬如，比方说”。
技法五　据搭配，知答案
完形填空中，有时会涉及短语，以动词短语为主，偶见介词短语等。解题时，可以通过仔细观察和回忆所学知识，进行有效推断，选择正确答案。上文第13题便是依据搭配确定答案的。
Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with 46.aid.She couldn’t.Bailey then 47 to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line，then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get 48.medical attention.
47.A.went away B.stood up
C.stepped aside D.bent down
真题体验1 (2023·新课标 Ⅰ)
√
go away离开；stand up站起来；step aside让路；bend down弯腰。根据下文“let Lenoue climb onto her back”可知，Bailey弯下腰，让Lenoue爬到她的背上。故选D。
To become the Olympic champion in the individual(个人) all-around event，Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she 41.knew best.She had to 42 her bedroom in Virginia.
42.A.take up B.pack up
C.clean up D.do up
真题体验2 (2023·全国乙)
√
take up从事；pack up整理，收拾行李；clean up清理；do up装修。由上文“Gabby Douglas had to leave everything”和下文“her bedroom in Virginia”可知，Gabby Douglas整理好她的卧室，打包好行李，准备离开这里。故选B。
技法六　重平行，觅逻辑
文章中的意群总是通过一定的逻辑关系连在一起，特别是并列平行的结构。这些结构要么通过标点符号体现，要么通过并列连词连接。一般来说，这些平行结构所表达的语境是一致的，考生解题时要特别注意这一点。
I 44.followed beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle.Ziyad began preparations.He 45 handfuls of damp tree leaves，wrapped them with string，and 46 the bunch to create a torch(火把).
45.A.gathered B.cleaned
C.dropped D.checked
真题体验 (2023·浙江1月)
√
46.A.shook B.lit
C.measured D.decorated
√
45.gather收集，采集；clean清除；drop掉落；check检查。根据下文“to create a torch(火把)”可知，本句是在讲制作火把的过程，第一步应该是收集一些树叶。故选A。
46.shake摇晃；light点燃，点亮；measure测量；decorate装饰。本句是在讲制作火把的过程，根据空前提到的“收集树叶、用绳捆好”可知，空格处指“点燃用细绳捆扎好的树叶”。故选B。
(2023·山东济宁二模 )
One summer night in a seaside cottage，a small boy was in bed，sound asleep.
随堂演练
语篇解读
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者七岁的时候被父亲在八月份的一个夜晚拽起来去看流星，这次经历激发了作者探索世界的好奇心，对作者影响很大。
Suddenly，he felt himself 1 from bed and carried in his father’s arms onto the beach.Overhead was the clear starry sky.
1.A.hidden B.robbed
C.lifted D.kicked
根据前文的“a small boy was in bed，sound asleep”及后文的“carried in his father’s arms onto the beach”可知，小男孩感到自己被父亲从床上抱起来。故选C。
√
“Watch！” As his father spoke， 2 ，one of the stars moved.
2.A.incredibly B.sadly
C.apparently D.actually
根据后文的“one of the stars moved”可知，星星坠落的场景应是令人难以置信。故选A。
√
It 3 across the sky like a golden fire.
3.A.exploded B.circled
C.spread D.flashed
根据后文的“Shooting stars”可知，此时流星闪过天空。故选D。
√
And before the 4 of this could fade，another star leapt from its place，then another...
4.A.success B.wonder
C.exhibition D.discovery
根据前文提到“It across the sky like a golden fire.”可推知，在孩子的眼里，这样的场面是奇观。“wonder”在此处意为“奇观，奇迹”。故选B。
√
“What is it？” the child asked in 5 .
5.A.amazement B.horror
C.relief D.delight
结合前文的“As his father spoke... then another...”来理解，男孩以前没看过流星，故“惊讶地问”符合语境。故选A。
√
“Shooting stars.They 6 every year on a certain night in August.”
6.A.blow up B.turn up
C.show off D.give out
根据常识，“它们(流星)在每年八月的某个晚上出现”符合语境。“turn up”意为“出现，发生”。故选B。
√
That was all：just an 7 encounter of something magic and beautiful.But，back in bed，the child stared into the dark，with mind full of the falling stars.
7.A.uncomfortable B.unbearable
C.undetected D.unexpected
根据前文“...a small boy was in bed，sound asleep.Suddenly，he felt himself from bed and carried in his father’s arms onto the beach.”可知，这场与流星的邂逅是“出乎意料的”。故选D。
√
I was the 8 seven-year-old boy whose father believed that a new experience 9 more for a small boy than an unbroken night’s sleep. 8.A.good B.fortunate
C.determined D.chosen
9.A.worked B.mattered
C.deserved D.proved
√
√
8.根据后文“That night，my father opened a door for his child，leading him into an area of splendid .”可推知，作者认为自己是幸运的。故选B。
9.根据前文可知，父亲夜里带孩子去看流星，应该是因为他认为新的体验比一夜不间断的睡眠更重要。故选B。
That night，my father opened a door for his child，leading him into an area of splendid 10 .
10.A.newness B.emptiness
C.freedom D.innovation
利用词汇复现，根据前文“a new experience more for a small boy than an unbroken night’s sleep”可知，“newness”符合语境。故选A。
√
Children are naturally curious，but they need someone to 11 them.
11.A.protect B.challenge
C.guide D.believe
√
根据前文“Children are naturally curious”并结合上文作者的父亲带他看流星雨可知，此处表示“他们需要有人来引导他们”。故选C。
This art of adding new dimensions to a child’s world doesn’t 12 require a great deal of time.
12.A.absolutely B.basically
C.possibly D.necessarily
根据后文“It simply doing things more often with children instead of for them or to them.”可知，此处表示“未必需要大量时间”。故选D。
√
It simply 13 doing things more often with children instead of for them or to them.
13.A.involves B.risks
C.admits D.resists
根据前文“This art of adding new dimensions to a child’s world doesn’t
require a great deal of time.”可知，此处表示“它只是涉及更多地和孩子们一起做事，而不是为他们或对他们做事”。故选A。
√
Good parents know this：The most precious gift they can give a child is to spark their flame of 14 .
14.A.hope B.curiosity
C.faith D.wisdom
√
利用词汇复现，根据前文的“Children are naturally curious”可知，此处表示“激发他们的好奇心”。故选B。
That night is still deeply 15 in my memory.Next year，when August comes with its shooting stars，my son will be seven.
15.A.trapped B.set
C.lost D.rooted
根据后文提到的“Next year，when August comes with its shooting stars，my son will be seven.”可知，那个夜晚仍然深植于作者的记忆中，所以他将给自己的儿子类似的体验。故选D。
√
本课结束