2024年高考英语二轮复习：专题三 完形填空 第3讲 说明文课件（共52张PPT）
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| 名称 | 2024年高考英语二轮复习：专题三 完形填空 第3讲 说明文课件（共52张PPT） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-01-26 21:32:45 | ||
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(共52张PPT)
完形填空
专题三
第3讲
说明文
说明文是对事物的特征、本质、性能、状态、用途、原理或事物的发生、发展、结果等进行介绍、解释、说明的一种文体。与记叙文相比，说明文类完形填空的时态多用一般现在时，其语言简练、平实、准确，常采用客观描述，其主题明确，层次分明。高考说明文类完形填空往往在文章的开头就点明说明对象，从而为同学们把握文章主题提供了有利条件。而且，作者借助合理的说明顺序展开文章，使文章结构清晰，层次分明。
解题要领 内容解读
明确说明对象，理清段落关系。 通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面对其加以说明的。在阅读过程中要概括、总结每一段说明的侧重点，理清各段之间的关系，加深对说明对象的理解。
解题要领 内容解读
弄清说明顺序，把握作者态度。 在说明的过程中作者会选择合理的说明顺序对说明对象进行解释说明。把握了说明顺序就能准确把握文章的脉络，加深对整篇文章的理解。常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序(如因果关系、果因关系、先主后次等)和认识顺序(如由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质等)。另外，在理清作者思路的基础上，还要注意反映作者态度的关键词或关键句，把握作者的写作情感和意图。
Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.
典例导入 (2022·全国乙改编)
语篇解读
这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过实验证明孩子们玩捉迷藏时，只遮住自己的眼睛并不是自我中心主义的结果，而是孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重。
For them，there’s something highly exciting about 1 someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be seen.
1.A.following B.taking
C.escaping D.directing
follow跟随；take取走；escape避开；direct指导。根据下文“making oneself unable to be seen”可知，此处表示儿童喜欢玩捉迷藏，避开别人的目光。故选C项。
√
But we witness preschool children are remarkably 2 at hiding. 2.A.clever B.bad
C.scared D.quick
clever聪明的；bad不擅长的；scared害怕的；quick快的。根据下文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands，leaving the rest of their bodies .”可知，他们经常只是用手捂住眼睛，而其余身体部分无遮蔽，因此儿童不擅长隐藏。be bad at sth表示“不擅长某事”。故选B项。
√
They often cover only their eyes with their hands，leaving the rest of their bodies 3 .
3.A.exposed B.examined
C.untouched D.imbalanced
exposed无遮蔽的；examined已检查过的；untouched未受影响的；imbalanced失衡的。根据上文可知，儿童只是用手遮住了眼睛，身体的其余部分无遮蔽，是暴露在外的。故选A项。
√
For a long time，this ineffective hiding method was 4 as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric”(自我中心的) creatures.
4.A.supported B.guaranteed
C.imagined D.interpreted
support支持；guarantee保证；imagine想象；interpret解释。根据下文“as evidence that children are hopelessly ‘egocentric’(自我中心的) creatures”可知，此处表示这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为一种证据，证明儿童是以自我为中心的。故选D项。
√
But our surprising research results in child developmental psychology
5 that idea.
5.A.explained B.confirmed
C.contradicted D.tested
explain解释；confirm证实；contradict相矛盾；test测试。根据前面的But可知，研究结果与之前的观点相矛盾。故选C项。
√
We brought children aged 2－4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.Each 6 sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 7 .
6.A.parent B.child
C.researcher D.doctor
7.A.feet B.nose
C.hands D.ears
√
√
6.parent父(母)亲；child儿童；researcher研究员；doctor医生。根据上文“We brought children aged 2－4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知，此处表示每个儿童和一个成年人坐在一起。故选B项。
7.foot脚；nose鼻子；hand手；ear耳朵。根据下文“or hear the adult”可知，实验中，儿童被询问是否能听到成年人的声音，所以此处表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。故选D项。
We then asked the child if she could 8 or hear the adult.Surprisingly，children replied they couldn’t.
8.A.see B.help
C.reach D.fool
see看见；help帮助；reach到达；fool欺骗。根据上文“an adult who covered her own eyes”可知，成年人遮住了自己的眼睛，所以此处指儿童被询问是否能看见成年人。故选A项。
√
A number of 9 ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked.
9.A.instructions B.descriptions
C.experiments D.assumptions
句意：许多实验排除了孩子们误解了他们被问到的问题。instruction指令；description说明；experiment实验；assumption假设。故选C项。
√
The results were clear：Our young subjects 10 the questions and knew exactly what was asked of them.
10.A.comprehended B.predicted
C.explored D.ignored
comprehend理解；predict预测；explore探索；ignore忽略。根据下文“and knew exactly what was asked of them”可知，儿童理解了问题，并确切知道自己被问了什么。故选A项。
√
Their 11 to the questions reflected their true 12 that “I can see you only if you can see me，too.” They simply 13 mutual(相互的) recognition and regard.
11.A.responses B.approaches
C.contribution D.sensitivity
12.A.ability B.belief
C.identity D.purpose
13.A.hold back B.relate to
C.insist on D.make up
√
√
√
11.response回答；approach方法；contribution贡献；sensitivity敏感性。根据上文“We then asked the child if she could or hear the adult.Surprisingly，children replied they couldn’t.”可知，此处表示孩子们对于问题的回答。故选A项。
12.ability能力；belief看法；identity身份；purpose目的。根据下文“I can see you only if you can see me，too.”可知，此处表示孩子们真正的看法。故选B项。
13.hold back阻止；relate to与……有关联；insist on坚持；make up弥补。根据上文“I can see you only if you can see me，too.”可知，孩子们的看法体现了他们坚持相互的承认和尊重。故选C项。
Our 14 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head，it’s not a result of egocentrism.
14.A.limitations B.requirements
C.theories D.findings
limitation限制；requirement必要条件；theory理论；finding调查发现。根据上文“We brought children aged 2－4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知，此处指实验的研究结果。故选D项。
√
Actually children consider this method 15 when others use it.
15.A.tentative B.impressive
C.creative D.effective
tentative不确定的；impressive令人印象深刻的；creative创造性的；effective有效的。根据上文“They simply mutual(相互的) recognition and regard.”可知，孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重，所以当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子会认为它是有效的。故选D项。
√
文本分析 中心思想 通过实验证明孩子们玩捉迷藏时只遮住自己的眼睛并不是自我中心主义的结果，而是孩子们坚持相互承认与尊重。
写作要素 young children，hide and seek，cover，exposed，contradict that idea，experiments，results，mutual recognition，effective
写作目的 文章展现的主题语境为“人与自我”，主题语境内容为“认识自我”。
技法七 依常识，定答案
完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己掌握的生活常识和文化背景知识，巧妙地加以运用，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地做出正确判断。
Here，in south-east Ethiopia，hand-carved beehives(蜂箱)are placed in the 42.treetops.Reaching them to get the honey is difficult—and often 43 .
43.A.urgent B.dangerous
C.expensive D.pointless
真题体验1 (2023·浙江1月)
√
(1)生活常识
urgent紧急的；dangerous危险的；expensive昂贵的；pointless毫无意义的。根据常识可知，手工雕刻的蜂箱被放置在树顶上，采摘蜂蜜很难并且经常也很危险。故选B。
It’s good to eat things at the correct time，when they’re 58 ，and as close as possible to where they were 59 .
58.A.on view B.on sale
C.in season D.in need
59.A.finished B.stored
C.found D.grown
真题体验2 (2023·全国甲)
√
√
58.on view在展出；on sale出售；in season应季的；in need在困难中。根据生活常识可知，“吃应季的和尽可能靠近产地的东西”是正确的做法。故选C。
59.finish完成；store贮存；find找到；grow种植，生长。根据生活常识可知，“吃应季的和尽可能靠近原产地的东西”是正确的做法。故选D。
Roberta appeared on the stage.She took a deep breath and began to 16.speak.Now she was Portia，a strong-willed 17 in Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice.The theatre was filled with people.She was speaking with a power she had never before experienced，the words flowing 18.smoothly from her.
17.A.member B.actress C.player D.character
真题体验3 (天津)
(2)文化背景
√
表示小说或戏剧中的“人物”或“角色”，用character。故选D。
技法八 破难句，解句意
完形填空的说明文中会出现一些长句或难句，而它们往往会影响一些答案的选择。这时就要在理解上下文逻辑关系的基础上有针对性地对句子结构、句子特点进行分析，准确理解句意，明确所填选项在句中的语法功能，从而做出正确判断。第1、4、14题便是长难句。
George，the husband，was trying to be calm，but I could tell this was 48 for him，
48.A.hard B.fine C.common D.lucky
真题体验 (2023·新课标Ⅱ)
hard困难的；fine好的；common常见的；lucky幸运的。本句句式较为复杂，“but”连接转折并列句，“having to leave...”为现在分词短语作原因状语。根据上文“was trying to be calm”以及下文“having to leave his dog to a and trust that everything would ”可推知，此处指把狗留给一个陌生人对主人来说很难。故选A。
√
having to leave his dog to a 49 and trust that everything would 50 .
49.A.co-worker B.passenger
C.stranger D.neighbor
50.A.speed up B.work out
C.come back D.take off
√
√
49.co-worker合作者；passenger乘客；stranger陌生人；neighbor邻居。本句句式较为复杂，“but”连接转折并列句，“having to leave...”为现在分词短语作原因状语。根据“George，the husband，was trying to be calm，but I could tell this was for him”可知，此处指把狗留给一个陌生人。故选C。
50.speed up加速；work out解决；come back回来；take off起飞。本句句式较为复杂，“but”连接转折并列句，“having to leave...”为现在分词短语作原因状语。根据上文可知，让狗的主人George把狗留给一个陌生人并相信一切都会解决好，对他来说很难。故选B。
(2023·河北邯郸一模)
The term “the imaginary audience” was invented by American child psychologist David Elkind in 1967.
随堂演练
语篇解读
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在“假想观众”的误导下，青少年的一些反应和做法。
It is defined as an adolescent’s psychological state 1 by the belief that people around are eagerly watching or listening to him or her.
1.A.misled B.held
C.driven D.characterize
√
mislead误导；hold握住，持有；drive驱使；characterize描述，刻画，成为……的特征。根据“It is defined as an adolescent’s psychological state by the belief that people around are eagerly watching or listening to him or her.”可知，青少年认为周围的人都在热切地注视着或听着他们，实际上这只是一种假想，是被“误导”了，misled符合语境。故选A。
This is because 2 are aware of the physical changes occurring in their bodies.
2.A.adults B.teenagers
C.elders D.professors
adult成年人；teenager青少年；elders长辈；professor教授。根据上文的“It is defined as an adolescent’s psychological state”可知，此处指青少年，teenager与adolescent是同义词复现。故选B。
√
And they are 3 concerned with how everyone is 4 these changes.
3.A.suddenly B.gradually
C.strongly D.randomly
4.A.viewing B.facing
C.accepting D.making
√
√
3.suddenly突然间；gradually渐渐地；strongly强烈地；randomly随机地。根据上文“This is because are aware of the physical changes occurring in their bodies.”可知，青少年意识到自己身体发生了变化，所以非常关心大家如何看待这些变化，strongly符合语境。故选C。
4.view观察，看待；face面对；accept接受；make使得。此处表示非常关心别人如何“看待”这些变化，viewing符合语境。故选A。
The 5 of the imaginary audience are common.
5.A.causes B.requirements
C.examples D.results
cause原因；requirement要求；example例子；result结果。根据后文“Teens would repeatedly change their clothes to look to others.Or they would follow different ongoing that may help them fit into society.”可知，是在举假想观众的例子，此处examples符合语境。故选C。
√
Teens would repeatedly change their clothes to look 6 to others.
6.A.strange B.plain
C.sweet D.smart
strange奇怪的，不寻常的；plain朴素的；sweet甜的；smart聪明的。根据“Teens would repeatedly change their clothes to look to others.”可知，不断换衣服是为了与众不同，此处strange符合语境。故选A。
√
Or they would follow different ongoing 7 that may help them fit into society.
7.A.events B.trends
C.tips D.principles
event事件；trend趋势；tip秘诀，技巧；principle原则。根据“Or they would follow different ongoing that may help them fit into society.”可知，此处指追随不同的潮流和趋势，trends符合语境。故选B。
√
If wearing checkered shirts and jeans is the current fashion，teens would dress like that just to give a good 8 on their imaginary audiences.
8.A.comment B.assessment
C.instruction D.impression
√
comment评论，意见；assessment评估，估价；instruction指示；impression印象。根据“If wearing checkered shirts and jeans is the current fashion，teens would dress like that just to give a good on their imaginary audiences.”可知，如果格子衬衫和牛仔裤流行，青少年就会这么穿，因为想给别人留下好印象，impression符合语境。故选D。
Teens also worry about the 9 mistakes they make in social settings.
9.A.severest B.biggest
C.fastest D.slightest
√
severest最严重的；biggest最大的；fastest最快的；slightest最少的，最细微的。根据常识可知，青少年由于步入青春期，比较敏感，所以哪怕“最微小的”错误也会担心，slightest符合语境。故选D。
A blackhead could make an adolescent girl 10 all day as she feels that she is being watched and judged.
10.A.sleep B.relax
C.sweat D.laugh
sleep睡觉；relax放松；sweat流汗，焦虑，紧张；laugh大笑。根据“A blackhead could make an adolescent girl all day as she feels that she is being watched and judged.”可知，觉得自己被关注和评判，所以会“焦虑”，sweat符合语境。故选C。
√
However，in reality，there are only a small percentage of people who are actually interested in how somebody else 11 .
11.A.sounds B.feels
C.smells D.looks
sound听起来；feel摸起来；smell闻起来；look看起来。上文提到的穿格子衣和牛仔裤、长黑头粉刺等都属于外在方面的东西，由此可知，此处指很少有人关心别人“看起来”如何，looks符合语境。故选D。
√
Though “the imaginary audience” is considered to be a 12 ，it is a natural process in which an adolescent tries to better understand his or her association with the world.
12.A.disorder B.relief
C.pity D.blessing
√
disorder混乱，紊乱，疾病；relief放松，缓解；pity可惜，遗憾；blessing幸事，福祉。根据“Though ‘the imaginary audience’ is considered to be a ，it is a natural process...”可知，此处指虽然“假想观众”被认为是一种“紊乱”，但它却是青少年成长的自然过程，disorder符合语境。故选A。
As an individual’s perception of the world 13 ，he or she will gain more 14 viewpoints on his or her roles among people，rather than imaginary ones.
13.A.reduces B.shows
C.works D.matures
14.A.narrow B.permanent
C.realistic D.personal
√
√
13.reduce减少；show展示；work工作，起作用；mature成熟。根据“As an individual’s perception of the world ，he or she will gain more viewpoints on his or her roles among people，rather than imaginary ones.”可知，此处指当一个人对世界的认知“成熟”时，就会对自己在人群中的角色有更现实的看法，matures符合语境。故选D。
14.narrow狭窄的；permanent永久的；realistic现实的；personal个人的。根据“As an individual’s perception of the world ，he or she will gain more
viewpoints on his or her roles among people，rather than imaginary ones.”可知，此处指当一个人对世界的认知成熟时，就会对自己在人群中的角色有更“现实的”看法，realistic与后文的imaginary为反义词复现。故选C。
Thus，the effects of imaginary audiences will gradually 15 .
15.A.run out B.fade away
C.set in D.come back
√
run out用完，耗尽；fade away逐渐消失；set in开始，到来；come back回来，记起。根据“Thus，the effects of imaginary audiences will gradually .”可知，当一个人对世界的认知成熟时，这种假想观众的影响也会“逐渐消失”，fade away符合语境。故选B。
本课结束
完形填空
专题三
第3讲
说明文
说明文是对事物的特征、本质、性能、状态、用途、原理或事物的发生、发展、结果等进行介绍、解释、说明的一种文体。与记叙文相比，说明文类完形填空的时态多用一般现在时，其语言简练、平实、准确，常采用客观描述，其主题明确，层次分明。高考说明文类完形填空往往在文章的开头就点明说明对象，从而为同学们把握文章主题提供了有利条件。而且，作者借助合理的说明顺序展开文章，使文章结构清晰，层次分明。
解题要领 内容解读
明确说明对象，理清段落关系。 通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面对其加以说明的。在阅读过程中要概括、总结每一段说明的侧重点，理清各段之间的关系，加深对说明对象的理解。
解题要领 内容解读
弄清说明顺序，把握作者态度。 在说明的过程中作者会选择合理的说明顺序对说明对象进行解释说明。把握了说明顺序就能准确把握文章的脉络，加深对整篇文章的理解。常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序(如因果关系、果因关系、先主后次等)和认识顺序(如由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质等)。另外，在理清作者思路的基础上，还要注意反映作者态度的关键词或关键句，把握作者的写作情感和意图。
Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.
典例导入 (2022·全国乙改编)
语篇解读
这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过实验证明孩子们玩捉迷藏时，只遮住自己的眼睛并不是自我中心主义的结果，而是孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重。
For them，there’s something highly exciting about 1 someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be seen.
1.A.following B.taking
C.escaping D.directing
follow跟随；take取走；escape避开；direct指导。根据下文“making oneself unable to be seen”可知，此处表示儿童喜欢玩捉迷藏，避开别人的目光。故选C项。
√
But we witness preschool children are remarkably 2 at hiding. 2.A.clever B.bad
C.scared D.quick
clever聪明的；bad不擅长的；scared害怕的；quick快的。根据下文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands，leaving the rest of their bodies .”可知，他们经常只是用手捂住眼睛，而其余身体部分无遮蔽，因此儿童不擅长隐藏。be bad at sth表示“不擅长某事”。故选B项。
√
They often cover only their eyes with their hands，leaving the rest of their bodies 3 .
3.A.exposed B.examined
C.untouched D.imbalanced
exposed无遮蔽的；examined已检查过的；untouched未受影响的；imbalanced失衡的。根据上文可知，儿童只是用手遮住了眼睛，身体的其余部分无遮蔽，是暴露在外的。故选A项。
√
For a long time，this ineffective hiding method was 4 as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric”(自我中心的) creatures.
4.A.supported B.guaranteed
C.imagined D.interpreted
support支持；guarantee保证；imagine想象；interpret解释。根据下文“as evidence that children are hopelessly ‘egocentric’(自我中心的) creatures”可知，此处表示这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为一种证据，证明儿童是以自我为中心的。故选D项。
√
But our surprising research results in child developmental psychology
5 that idea.
5.A.explained B.confirmed
C.contradicted D.tested
explain解释；confirm证实；contradict相矛盾；test测试。根据前面的But可知，研究结果与之前的观点相矛盾。故选C项。
√
We brought children aged 2－4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.Each 6 sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 7 .
6.A.parent B.child
C.researcher D.doctor
7.A.feet B.nose
C.hands D.ears
√
√
6.parent父(母)亲；child儿童；researcher研究员；doctor医生。根据上文“We brought children aged 2－4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知，此处表示每个儿童和一个成年人坐在一起。故选B项。
7.foot脚；nose鼻子；hand手；ear耳朵。根据下文“or hear the adult”可知，实验中，儿童被询问是否能听到成年人的声音，所以此处表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。故选D项。
We then asked the child if she could 8 or hear the adult.Surprisingly，children replied they couldn’t.
8.A.see B.help
C.reach D.fool
see看见；help帮助；reach到达；fool欺骗。根据上文“an adult who covered her own eyes”可知，成年人遮住了自己的眼睛，所以此处指儿童被询问是否能看见成年人。故选A项。
√
A number of 9 ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked.
9.A.instructions B.descriptions
C.experiments D.assumptions
句意：许多实验排除了孩子们误解了他们被问到的问题。instruction指令；description说明；experiment实验；assumption假设。故选C项。
√
The results were clear：Our young subjects 10 the questions and knew exactly what was asked of them.
10.A.comprehended B.predicted
C.explored D.ignored
comprehend理解；predict预测；explore探索；ignore忽略。根据下文“and knew exactly what was asked of them”可知，儿童理解了问题，并确切知道自己被问了什么。故选A项。
√
Their 11 to the questions reflected their true 12 that “I can see you only if you can see me，too.” They simply 13 mutual(相互的) recognition and regard.
11.A.responses B.approaches
C.contribution D.sensitivity
12.A.ability B.belief
C.identity D.purpose
13.A.hold back B.relate to
C.insist on D.make up
√
√
√
11.response回答；approach方法；contribution贡献；sensitivity敏感性。根据上文“We then asked the child if she could or hear the adult.Surprisingly，children replied they couldn’t.”可知，此处表示孩子们对于问题的回答。故选A项。
12.ability能力；belief看法；identity身份；purpose目的。根据下文“I can see you only if you can see me，too.”可知，此处表示孩子们真正的看法。故选B项。
13.hold back阻止；relate to与……有关联；insist on坚持；make up弥补。根据上文“I can see you only if you can see me，too.”可知，孩子们的看法体现了他们坚持相互的承认和尊重。故选C项。
Our 14 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head，it’s not a result of egocentrism.
14.A.limitations B.requirements
C.theories D.findings
limitation限制；requirement必要条件；theory理论；finding调查发现。根据上文“We brought children aged 2－4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知，此处指实验的研究结果。故选D项。
√
Actually children consider this method 15 when others use it.
15.A.tentative B.impressive
C.creative D.effective
tentative不确定的；impressive令人印象深刻的；creative创造性的；effective有效的。根据上文“They simply mutual(相互的) recognition and regard.”可知，孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重，所以当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子会认为它是有效的。故选D项。
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文本分析 中心思想 通过实验证明孩子们玩捉迷藏时只遮住自己的眼睛并不是自我中心主义的结果，而是孩子们坚持相互承认与尊重。
写作要素 young children，hide and seek，cover，exposed，contradict that idea，experiments，results，mutual recognition，effective
写作目的 文章展现的主题语境为“人与自我”，主题语境内容为“认识自我”。
技法七 依常识，定答案
完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己掌握的生活常识和文化背景知识，巧妙地加以运用，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地做出正确判断。
Here，in south-east Ethiopia，hand-carved beehives(蜂箱)are placed in the 42.treetops.Reaching them to get the honey is difficult—and often 43 .
43.A.urgent B.dangerous
C.expensive D.pointless
真题体验1 (2023·浙江1月)
√
(1)生活常识
urgent紧急的；dangerous危险的；expensive昂贵的；pointless毫无意义的。根据常识可知，手工雕刻的蜂箱被放置在树顶上，采摘蜂蜜很难并且经常也很危险。故选B。
It’s good to eat things at the correct time，when they’re 58 ，and as close as possible to where they were 59 .
58.A.on view B.on sale
C.in season D.in need
59.A.finished B.stored
C.found D.grown
真题体验2 (2023·全国甲)
√
√
58.on view在展出；on sale出售；in season应季的；in need在困难中。根据生活常识可知，“吃应季的和尽可能靠近产地的东西”是正确的做法。故选C。
59.finish完成；store贮存；find找到；grow种植，生长。根据生活常识可知，“吃应季的和尽可能靠近原产地的东西”是正确的做法。故选D。
Roberta appeared on the stage.She took a deep breath and began to 16.speak.Now she was Portia，a strong-willed 17 in Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice.The theatre was filled with people.She was speaking with a power she had never before experienced，the words flowing 18.smoothly from her.
17.A.member B.actress C.player D.character
真题体验3 (天津)
(2)文化背景
√
表示小说或戏剧中的“人物”或“角色”，用character。故选D。
技法八 破难句，解句意
完形填空的说明文中会出现一些长句或难句，而它们往往会影响一些答案的选择。这时就要在理解上下文逻辑关系的基础上有针对性地对句子结构、句子特点进行分析，准确理解句意，明确所填选项在句中的语法功能，从而做出正确判断。第1、4、14题便是长难句。
George，the husband，was trying to be calm，but I could tell this was 48 for him，
48.A.hard B.fine C.common D.lucky
真题体验 (2023·新课标Ⅱ)
hard困难的；fine好的；common常见的；lucky幸运的。本句句式较为复杂，“but”连接转折并列句，“having to leave...”为现在分词短语作原因状语。根据上文“was trying to be calm”以及下文“having to leave his dog to a and trust that everything would ”可推知，此处指把狗留给一个陌生人对主人来说很难。故选A。
√
having to leave his dog to a 49 and trust that everything would 50 .
49.A.co-worker B.passenger
C.stranger D.neighbor
50.A.speed up B.work out
C.come back D.take off
√
√
49.co-worker合作者；passenger乘客；stranger陌生人；neighbor邻居。本句句式较为复杂，“but”连接转折并列句，“having to leave...”为现在分词短语作原因状语。根据“George，the husband，was trying to be calm，but I could tell this was for him”可知，此处指把狗留给一个陌生人。故选C。
50.speed up加速；work out解决；come back回来；take off起飞。本句句式较为复杂，“but”连接转折并列句，“having to leave...”为现在分词短语作原因状语。根据上文可知，让狗的主人George把狗留给一个陌生人并相信一切都会解决好，对他来说很难。故选B。
(2023·河北邯郸一模)
The term “the imaginary audience” was invented by American child psychologist David Elkind in 1967.
随堂演练
语篇解读
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在“假想观众”的误导下，青少年的一些反应和做法。
It is defined as an adolescent’s psychological state 1 by the belief that people around are eagerly watching or listening to him or her.
1.A.misled B.held
C.driven D.characterize
√
mislead误导；hold握住，持有；drive驱使；characterize描述，刻画，成为……的特征。根据“It is defined as an adolescent’s psychological state by the belief that people around are eagerly watching or listening to him or her.”可知，青少年认为周围的人都在热切地注视着或听着他们，实际上这只是一种假想，是被“误导”了，misled符合语境。故选A。
This is because 2 are aware of the physical changes occurring in their bodies.
2.A.adults B.teenagers
C.elders D.professors
adult成年人；teenager青少年；elders长辈；professor教授。根据上文的“It is defined as an adolescent’s psychological state”可知，此处指青少年，teenager与adolescent是同义词复现。故选B。
√
And they are 3 concerned with how everyone is 4 these changes.
3.A.suddenly B.gradually
C.strongly D.randomly
4.A.viewing B.facing
C.accepting D.making
√
√
3.suddenly突然间；gradually渐渐地；strongly强烈地；randomly随机地。根据上文“This is because are aware of the physical changes occurring in their bodies.”可知，青少年意识到自己身体发生了变化，所以非常关心大家如何看待这些变化，strongly符合语境。故选C。
4.view观察，看待；face面对；accept接受；make使得。此处表示非常关心别人如何“看待”这些变化，viewing符合语境。故选A。
The 5 of the imaginary audience are common.
5.A.causes B.requirements
C.examples D.results
cause原因；requirement要求；example例子；result结果。根据后文“Teens would repeatedly change their clothes to look to others.Or they would follow different ongoing that may help them fit into society.”可知，是在举假想观众的例子，此处examples符合语境。故选C。
√
Teens would repeatedly change their clothes to look 6 to others.
6.A.strange B.plain
C.sweet D.smart
strange奇怪的，不寻常的；plain朴素的；sweet甜的；smart聪明的。根据“Teens would repeatedly change their clothes to look to others.”可知，不断换衣服是为了与众不同，此处strange符合语境。故选A。
√
Or they would follow different ongoing 7 that may help them fit into society.
7.A.events B.trends
C.tips D.principles
event事件；trend趋势；tip秘诀，技巧；principle原则。根据“Or they would follow different ongoing that may help them fit into society.”可知，此处指追随不同的潮流和趋势，trends符合语境。故选B。
√
If wearing checkered shirts and jeans is the current fashion，teens would dress like that just to give a good 8 on their imaginary audiences.
8.A.comment B.assessment
C.instruction D.impression
√
comment评论，意见；assessment评估，估价；instruction指示；impression印象。根据“If wearing checkered shirts and jeans is the current fashion，teens would dress like that just to give a good on their imaginary audiences.”可知，如果格子衬衫和牛仔裤流行，青少年就会这么穿，因为想给别人留下好印象，impression符合语境。故选D。
Teens also worry about the 9 mistakes they make in social settings.
9.A.severest B.biggest
C.fastest D.slightest
√
severest最严重的；biggest最大的；fastest最快的；slightest最少的，最细微的。根据常识可知，青少年由于步入青春期，比较敏感，所以哪怕“最微小的”错误也会担心，slightest符合语境。故选D。
A blackhead could make an adolescent girl 10 all day as she feels that she is being watched and judged.
10.A.sleep B.relax
C.sweat D.laugh
sleep睡觉；relax放松；sweat流汗，焦虑，紧张；laugh大笑。根据“A blackhead could make an adolescent girl all day as she feels that she is being watched and judged.”可知，觉得自己被关注和评判，所以会“焦虑”，sweat符合语境。故选C。
√
However，in reality，there are only a small percentage of people who are actually interested in how somebody else 11 .
11.A.sounds B.feels
C.smells D.looks
sound听起来；feel摸起来；smell闻起来；look看起来。上文提到的穿格子衣和牛仔裤、长黑头粉刺等都属于外在方面的东西，由此可知，此处指很少有人关心别人“看起来”如何，looks符合语境。故选D。
√
Though “the imaginary audience” is considered to be a 12 ，it is a natural process in which an adolescent tries to better understand his or her association with the world.
12.A.disorder B.relief
C.pity D.blessing
√
disorder混乱，紊乱，疾病；relief放松，缓解；pity可惜，遗憾；blessing幸事，福祉。根据“Though ‘the imaginary audience’ is considered to be a ，it is a natural process...”可知，此处指虽然“假想观众”被认为是一种“紊乱”，但它却是青少年成长的自然过程，disorder符合语境。故选A。
As an individual’s perception of the world 13 ，he or she will gain more 14 viewpoints on his or her roles among people，rather than imaginary ones.
13.A.reduces B.shows
C.works D.matures
14.A.narrow B.permanent
C.realistic D.personal
√
√
13.reduce减少；show展示；work工作，起作用；mature成熟。根据“As an individual’s perception of the world ，he or she will gain more viewpoints on his or her roles among people，rather than imaginary ones.”可知，此处指当一个人对世界的认知“成熟”时，就会对自己在人群中的角色有更现实的看法，matures符合语境。故选D。
14.narrow狭窄的；permanent永久的；realistic现实的；personal个人的。根据“As an individual’s perception of the world ，he or she will gain more
viewpoints on his or her roles among people，rather than imaginary ones.”可知，此处指当一个人对世界的认知成熟时，就会对自己在人群中的角色有更“现实的”看法，realistic与后文的imaginary为反义词复现。故选C。
Thus，the effects of imaginary audiences will gradually 15 .
15.A.run out B.fade away
C.set in D.come back
√
run out用完，耗尽；fade away逐渐消失；set in开始，到来；come back回来，记起。根据“Thus，the effects of imaginary audiences will gradually .”可知，当一个人对世界的认知成熟时，这种假想观众的影响也会“逐渐消失”，fade away符合语境。故选B。
本课结束