中考复习----主谓一致
一、教学目标
1. 知识目标:让学生了解主谓一致的概念和特点。
2. 能力目标:使学生能够根据不同的语境正确使用主谓一致的规则。
3. 情感目标:培养学生对英语语法学习的兴趣,增强学生的团队合作意识。
二、教学重难点
1. 重点:让学生学习和掌握主谓一致的规则。
2. 难点:使学生学会如何正确使用主谓一致的规则。
三、教学过程
1. 导入练习:
● 让学生完成给定的句子,注意主语和谓语的一致性。然后一起检查答案。
2. 主谓一致的讲解:
● 解释主谓一致的概念:主谓一致是指谓语在人称、数及意义方面要与作主语的名词或代词保持一致。
● 举例说明主谓一致的规则,包括语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。
主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。一般遵循下列原则:
1语法一致原则:主语和谓语在人称和数上一致。主语是单数形式,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词也采用复数形式。 I am a teacher.(我是一名老师。)
They are students.(他们是学生。)
2意义一致原则:谓语的单复数取决于主语的意义。当主语形式上为单数,但意义上却是复数时,谓语根据意义用复数形式;当主语形式上为复数,但意义上却是单数时,谓语根据意义用单数形式。
● The police are looking for him.(警察正在找他。)
● Ten dollars is enough for me.(十美元对我来说足够了。)
3就近一致原则:谓语动词的形式与邻近的主语在人称和数上一致,即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语的单、复数形式。 Either you or I am wrong.(不是你错了就是我错了。)
Neither he nor she is at home.(他和她都不在家。)
在这两个例子中,谓语动词的形式取决于最靠近它的主语。在第一个例子中,Either...or 连接的两个主语 you 和 I 都是单数,但是根据就近一致原则,谓语的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语 I,所以谓语用了 am。在第二个例子中,Neither...nor 连接的两个主语 he 和 she 都是单数,根据就近一致原则,谓语用了 is。
● 主谓一致的不同情况。
1. 单数主语+单数谓语:The car is parked in the garage.(汽车停在车库里。)
2. 复数主语+复数谓语:The dogs are barking loudly.(狗在大声吠叫。)
3. 不可数主语+单数谓语:Water is essential for life.(水对生命至关重要。)
4. 不定代词作主语+单数谓语:Nobody is perfect.(人无完人。)
5. 用 and 连接的两个主语+复数谓语:Tom and Jerry are friends.(汤姆和杰瑞是朋友。)
6. 用 or 连接的两个主语+就近原则的谓语:Either you or he is wrong.(不是你错了就是他错了。)
7. 集体名词作主语+单数或复数谓语,取决于意思:Our team is/are the best in the league.(我们的团队是联盟中最好的。)
8. 表示时间、距离、金钱等的复数名词作主语+单数谓语:Ten years is a long time.(十年是很长的时间。)
9. “the+形容词”表示一类人或事物+复数谓语:The rich get richer.(富人越来越富。)
3. 练习:
1. Look! A large number of students in the playground.
A. Run B. runs C. is running D. are running
2. It is not you or Tom but Alice that to give us a speech about how to learn English well next Wednesday.
A. is B. are C. will be D. have
3. My father, together with some of his old friends, talking in the study for 3 hours.
A. has been B. have been C. are D. has
4. As a result of the dry weather this year, most of the people in the area for drinking water.
A. are looking B. is looking C. looks D. have looked
5. Every boy and every girl in this school an extra course according to their own interests this term.
A. take B. takes C. are taking D. have taken
6. So far, not only the workers but also the machine worn out after working day and night for 10 days.
A. are B. is C. has been D. have been
4. 总结:
引导学生一起复习本节课所学的主谓一致的规则。