Unit 13 We're trying to save the earth Section A Grammar Focus-4c（课件）(共55张PPT)

(共55张PPT)
Section A Grammar Focus-4c
Objectives
To learn about Present progressive, Passive voice, Present perfect
and Modal verbs.
Have you ever taken part in an environment project
What should you do to save the environment
① turn off the lights when…
② use the paper bags...
③ walk to school...
Warming up
We’re trying to save the earth. Present progressive
The river used to be so clean. used to
The air is badly polluted. Passive voice
No scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health. Present perfect
We should help save the sharks. Modal verbs
Grammar Focus
现在进行时表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作。
① 肯定句: 主语 + am/is/are +v-ing
② 否定句: 主语 + am/is/are + not +v-ing
③ 疑问句: Am/Is/Are + 主语 +v-ing
Language points
现在进行时
现在进行时的用法
1.表示说话时正在进行的，目前正在发生的动作。
常带有表示目前时刻的时间状语如：now, at the (very) moment, for the time being, at present, 及Look! Listen! ...
① Look! The big bird is flying away.
看，那只大鸟正在飞走。
② He is watching a movie now.
他现在正在看电影。
2.表示目前一段时间内正在进行，但说话时
可能没有进行的动作。
Right now I am studying Chinese by distance learning.
我现在正通过远程教育学习汉语。
3.与always, constantly, forever, all the time等副
词连用，表示动作反复或习惯。此时句子常
含有说话者的强烈情感在内。表达较强的
“责备”或“表扬”之意。
① You are always changing your mind.
你总是主意不定。(太烦人了。)
② He is always helping others.
他总是帮助别人。(他真是个好人。)
4.对于come, go, leave, arrive, start等表示位置移动的动词常可用进行时态表将来。
① He is leaving on Wednesday.
他将于周三离开。
② Mary isn’t here at the moment. She is
coming later.
玛丽现在不在这儿，她一会儿来。
用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
Listen! The phone __________(ring). Please go to
answer it.
2. — Alan, it’s late. Why not go to bed
— Jenny hasn’t come back yet. I ___________
(wait) for her.
3. — What’s your father doing now
— He __________ (write) a letter in the study.
is ringing
am waiting
is writing
What a fine day today!
Look! What are they doing
Group discussion
used to do sth. 表示过去常常做某事，而现在
往往不做了，后接动词原形
be used to doing sth. 表示习惯于做某事
I used to get up at six o’clock.
我以前六点钟起床。
Joe is used to drinking a cup of coffee every
morning.
乔习惯每天早晨喝一杯咖啡。
used to do & be used to doing
Translation.
1.她过去常常周末和朋友闲逛。
She used to hang out with friends on
weekends.
2.他习惯于每天晚上睡得很晚。
He is used to staying up every night.
被动语态：Passive voice
定义：表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作
的对象的一种语态。
结构：be + 过去分词
A new school was built last year.
Our classroom is cleaned every day.
　
①一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are + v-ed
The first section of New College English is designed for speaking practice and is based on pictures and topics.
②一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+ v-ed
These computers were made in our own country last year.
③一般将来时的被动语态：will/shall+be+v-ed
Shall we be asked to attend the opening ceremony 　　　
1.有些动词可以有两个宾语，直接宾语与间接宾语。
一些特殊的被动语态
They didn’t offer Ann the job.
Ann wasn’t offered the job.
间接宾语
直接宾语
主语
(2)直接宾语做主语，需在间接宾语前加to或者for.
在变为被动语态时:
The job wasn’t offered to Ann.
主语
She made me a cake.
(1)间接宾语(通常指人)做主语，直接宾语依然保留在谓语后边。
A cake was made for me.
主语
2. 在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补足语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加 to。
They make her clean the floor.
She is made to clean the floor by them.
3. It + be + v-ed + that从句
=主语+ be + v-ed + to do sth.
表示:据说/据报道/据悉/据信等……
It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.
The boy is said to have passed the national exam.
据说这个男孩已经通过了这次全国性的测试。
某些感官动词加形容词及少数其他的动词与一些副词连用表示被动意义。smell, taste, prove, sell, etc.
The dish tastes delicious.
The theory proved right at last.
The book is so interesting that it sells well.
The pen writes well.
不可以变成被动语态的情况
2. need做实意动词时，need + v- ing 主动形式表示被动意义。
我的车需要修理。
My car needs repairing.
(= to be repaired).
3. 通常只有及物动词（组）才有被动语态，
不及物动词没有。
战争爆发了。The war broke out.
但不能说：The war was broken out.
Translate the sentences by using Passive voice.
1. 刚才一些老年人参观了博物馆。
2. 工人们使用不同种类的机器工作。
The museum was visited by some old people just now.
Different kinds of machines are used to work by the workers.
【运用】
用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. The Secondary School Entrance Exam
_______ (hold) in June.
2. A strange noise __________ (hear) by his
mother last night.
3. A wide road _____________ (build) between
the two villages by those people next year.
is held
was heard
will be built
定义：表示动作已经完成, 但对现在造成影响；或者表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能持续下去的动作。
标志词：already, yet, ever, never, since, for…
I haven’t finished my homework yet.
现在完成时: Present Perfect
肯定句：主语 + have / has + v-ed + 其他
否定句：主语 + haven’t / hasn’t + v-ed + 其他
一般疑问句： Have / Has + 主语 + v-ed+ …
肯定答语：Yes, 主格代词 + have / has.
否定答语：No, 主格代词 + haven’t / hasn’t.
现在完成时 — 构成
Complete the following sentences.
I _________ (be) in Beijing for two years.
2. I _____ never _____ (hear) of that man before.
3. Tom ________________ (work) there since
two years ago.
have been
have
heard
has worked
4. The twins _____________ (wash) the clothes
for an hour.
5. He ___________ (play) basketball since three
years ago.
6. How long ______ Sally _______ (sing) yet
have washed
has played
has
sung
情态动词本身有一定的词义， 表示说话人的情绪、
态度或语气， 但不能单独作谓语， 只能与其他动
词构成谓语。常见的有: can (could), may
(might), must, need, shall (should), will (would)等。
情态动词
情态动词无人称和数的变化，后接动词原形。否定式是在情态动词后面加not。个别情态动词有过去式形式，可用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气。
Ken can climb up the trees like a koala.
Tracy could ride a bicycle when she was five years old.
You mustn’t play with fire. It is dangerous.
Translation.
1. 我们不能在教室里吃东西。
2. 首先你必须完成作业。
3. 他现在不可能在家。
4. 她一定知道这个问题的答案。
We can’t eat in the classroom.
You must finish your homework first.
He can’t be at home now.
She must know the answer to this question.
Joe: __________ you ever __________ (take) part
in an environmental project
Ken: Yes, I have. I ______ (help) with a Clean-Up
Day last year. It was ____________
(consider) the biggest clean-up project this
city ______ ever ______ (have).
Joe: How many people __________ (take) part
Have
taken
helped
considered
had
had
took
4a
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
Ken: I __________ (think) more than 1,000
people _________ (come) to help out.
Joe: That’s fantastic! I guess everyone in this city
is _______ (try) to improve the environment.
Ken: Yes, we can’t afford to ___________ (wait)
any longer to take action!
think
came
trying
wait
People______think that big things ______ be done to save the earth. Many forget that saving the earth begins with small things. For example, you _______ save electricity by turning off the lights when you leave a room. You _______ also use reusable bags instead of plastic bags.
can would could have to should must may/might
may
must
can
could
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate modal verbs from the box.
4b
I think it’s a great idea that you now ______ pay for plastic bags in some stores. And instead of driving to school or work, you _________ ride your bike or walk. If it’s far, you ________ take the bus. All these small things ________ add up and become big things that _________ improve the environment. Let’s take action now!
have to
can
can
would
should
can would could have to should
must may/might
Make a list of things that people can do to help the environment and discuss your list with your partner.
use public transportation (n.交通运输);
turn off the lights when you leave a room;
use reusable bags instead of plastic bags;
ride your bike or walk to school or work;
stop using paper napkins(餐巾纸);
recycle books and paper...
4c
Discussing...
use public transportation
take your own shopping bags when go shopping
reduce the use of air conditioners in summer
turn off the lights when you leave the room
grow more plants...
A: I think that everyone should take your
own shopping bags when shopping.
B: I agree. it's good for the environment.
A: I think that everyone should reduce
the use of air conditioners in summer.
B: I disagree.The summer is so hot,
especially in South China. Without air-
conditioners, people may not have the
patience to work.
A: I think that everyone should turn
off the lights when you leave the
room.
B: I agree. It's good to save energy.
A: I think that everyone should use public
transportation.
B: I disagree. It's difficult for parents
with young children to use public
transportation.
A: I think that everyone should grow more
plants.
B: I agree.Growing more plants will provide
us more fresh air and make our planet
more beautiful.
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Nick ____________ (offer) a job in a bank, but to
our surprise, he didn’t take it.
2. — Have you heard of the Earth Day
— Yes. The first Earth Day ____________(celebrate)
in 1970 to educate us to protect our planet.
3. — Excuse me, whose book is this
— It ______ (must) be John’s. It has his name on it.
was offered
was celebrated
must
Exercises
4. Don’t make so much noise. The children
___________ (have) an English lesson.
5. —Why won’t you go to the movie with me, Gina
— Because I ____________ (see) it twice.
6. — ______ (can) I swim here
— No, you __________ (must). Look at the sign
“No swimming”.
are having
have seen
Can
mustn’t
Ⅱ.单项选择。
1. We’re trying ______ the earth.
A. to save B. saving
C. saved D. be saved
2. My good friend becomes good at __________
English every day.
A. speak B. speaking
C. speaks D. to speak
A
B
3. I ______ take dance lessons, but I don’t do
anymore now.
A. used to B. used C. using D. to use to
4. It was _______ the nicest river in town.
A. considering B. considered
C. have considered D. to be considered
5. Not only my friends but also I _____ interested
in football and Messi is our favorite star.
A. be B. am C. is D. are
A
B
B
6. In the last ten months, September Miracle ____
on CCTV for more than five times and is
popular all over the country.
A. has played the piano
B. has given out their song disks
C .has written songs D. has performed
D
7. It’s getting dark. Please _____ the light.
A. turn on B. turn off
C. turn down D. turn around
8. — How does Jack usually go to work
— He _____ drive a car, but now he _____ there
to lose weight.
A. used to; is used to walk
B. was used to; is used to walking
C. was used to; is used to walk
D. used to; is used to walking
A
D
9. He promised to pick me up at the school gate.
However, he _____ yet.
A. didn’t arrive B. doesn’t arrive
C. isn’t arriving D. hasn’t arrived
10. Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China,
_____ as “People’s Writer”.
A. is regarded B. has regarded
C. is regarding D. regards
D
A
11. Many young people took part in _______
trees on Tree Planting Day.
A. planting B. plants
C. to plant D. plant
A
Ⅲ.根据所给汉语完成英语句子。
1. 这条河过去很干净。
The river _______ _______ _______ so clean.
2. 我们应该帮助拯救鲨鱼。
We should _______ _______ the sharks.
used to be
help save
3. 然而，很多人忘记了拯救地球从小事做起。
However, many forget that saving the earth
_____________ small things.
4. 在很多商店，你不得不付塑料袋的费用
In some stores, you now have to ________
plastic bags.
5. 我们认为每个人都应该使用公共交通工具。
We think that everyone should use ________
_______________.
begins with
pay for
transportation
public
6. 所有这些小的事情加起来变成能改善环境的大的事情。
All these small things can _________ and become big things that would ________________________.
7. 我们已经看到环境方面的很多变化。
We _______________________ in the environment.
8. 空气污染变得越来越糟糕了。
The air pollution is _________________________.
add up
improve the environment
have seen many changes
getting worse and worse
9. 这条河被工厂污染了。
The river________________ by factories.
10. 人们应该多乘坐公共交通工具。
People should _________________________
more.
is polluted
take public transportation
中考链接
—People _______to take their temperatures before they go into the supermarket during the COVID-19 pandemic（新冠疫情）.
— l think it's a good way to protect ourselves.
are asking. B. are asked
C. asked D. ask
句意:—在新冠肺炎病毒大流行期间，人们在进入超市前被要求测量体温。—我认为这是一个保护我们自己的好方法。根据句意可知，要选择一般现在时的被动语态。
I like novels written by J. K. Rowling. So far I _______ all her works about Harry Potter.
A. have read B. read C. am reading
中考链接
句意为“我喜欢 J.K.罗琳写得小说。到目前为止，我已经拜读过她所有关于哈利波特的作品。”so far，意为“到目前为止”，句子要用现在完成时。
Review Present progressive, Passive
voice, Present perfect, used to and
Modal verbs.
Preview the new words and expressions
Preview Section B on page 101.
Homework