正反解读动词和动词短语

专题一 正反解读冠词 专题二 正反解读名词 专题三 正反解读代词 专题四 正反解读形容词、副词 专题五 正反解读介词 专题六 正反解读动词和动词短语 专题七 正反解读非谓语动词 专题八 正反解读情态动词和虚拟语气 专题九 正反解读动词的时态、语态 专题十 正反解读定语从句 专题十一 正反解读名词性从句 专题十二 正反解读状语从句 专题十三 正反解读特殊句式 专题十四 正反解读主谓一致与数词【人教课标版】高考英语一轮复习精品课件 — 语法专题语法专题 正反解读动词和动词短语 对动词词义、动词短语的辨析以及动词搭配的考查一直是高考的热点。因此在一轮的复习中要注重对动词及短语的含义及引申义进行归纳总结；突出对其在具体的语境中意义选择的把握。专题六 │ 考点荟萃专题二　动词 全国高考英语卷对动词的考查有如下特点：①主要考查动词的词义辨析，但较少涉及动词的近义词词义辨析。②考查内容包括常见动词的常见意义、一词多义以及词类转换和词义拓展，如：sniff vt.意为“闻，嗅”，可以引申为“嗤之以鼻”等。③设置的题干较长，语境丰富而曲折，强调句意的理解。总之，全国卷对动词的考查难度在逐渐增大，学习时要注意对高考词汇表中常见动词的多种意义加以巩固，并学会利用语境展开适当的联想，注意词义和词性在不同语境下的转换。 返回目录专题三　动词短语 　 湖北省高考英语卷多项选择试题对动词短语的考查有如下特点：(1)只考查短语的含义，不考查语法的变化。(2)答案选项的变化形式日趋复杂化和多样化，无明显的规律和特征。主要包括三种形态：①以动词为词源，展开介词或副词的变化；②以介词或副词为词源，展开动词的变 化；③动词与介词、副词交叉搭配。其中，第三种形态逐渐成为考查热点。在动词短语的测试中，绝大多数为基础动词，出现频率较高的词有：get，turn，make，put， go，give，break，cut，come，look，keep，bring， show，pick，hold，fall，carry，pull，catch，call，take 等。返回目录 在备考过程中要注意对动词短语进行归纳、比较，熟练掌握常见动词短语的基本含义以及转换意义。比如动词短语pick up在词典上就有十几种意思，再比如call up可表示“(从计算机上)调出(信息)”。只有全面掌握动词短语的常见含义，做题时才能明白动词短语的不同意思，并且能区别相似短语的意义，从而选出正确答案。 返回目录专题三　动词短语21.[2012·湖北卷] Two lawyers have donated $50,000 to ____ our school’s campaign “Help the Needy”, which was started by our former headmaster three years ago. A. sponsor B. launch C. organize D. plan 【解析】 A　考查动词在语境中的用法。 22. Finally,my thanks go to my tutor,who has offered a lot of suggestions and comments on my paper and ____ every page of my draft. A. approved B. quoted C. polished D. folded 【解析】 C　考查动词在语境中的用法。 23. Walking alone in the dark, the boy whistled to ______ his courage. A. hold up B. keep up C. set up D. take up. 【解析】 B　考查动词词组的辨析及在语境中的用法。返回目录 1． [2013·湖北卷] While intelligent people can often ________ the complex, a fool is more likely to complicate the simple. A．sacrifice B．substitute C．simplify D．survive [解析] 　 C　句意：聪明的人常简化复杂的东西，而愚者倾向于使简单的东西复杂化。sacrifice 牺牲，献出；substitute 替换，代替；simplify简化；survive幸免，幸存，生还。 专题二　动词返回目录 1． [2013·湖北卷] Butterflies ________ a sweet liquid produced by flowers, which bees and other insects collect. A．carry on B．feed on C．put on D．focus on[解析] B　句意：蝴蝶以花产生的一种甜的液体为食，蜜蜂和其他的昆虫也采集这种甜的液体。carry on 继续，坚持；feed on 以……为食；put on穿上，上演；focus on集中(注意力、精力等)于。 专题三　动词短语返回目录 2． [2013·湖北卷] According to the law, all foreigners have to ________ with the local police within two weeks of arrival. A．associate B．dispute C．negotiate D．register [解析] D　句意：根据法律，所有外国人必须在到达当地两周内到当地警察局登记。associate 关联；dispute 对……表示异议，提出异议；negotiate 谈判；register登记，注册，记录。专题二　动词返回目录 2． [2013·湖北卷] In much of the animal world, night is the time________ for sleep—pure and simple. A．set aside B．set down C．set off D．set up [解析] A　句意：在大多数动物的世界里，夜晚是纯粹留出来睡觉的时间。set aside 置于一旁，留出，省出；set down 记下，写下；set off 出发，动身；set up建立，创办。专题三　动词短语返回目录 4． [2012·湖北卷] I\'m so glad you\'ve come here to ________ this matter in person. A．lead to B．see to C．turn to D．refer to [解析] B　句意：很高兴您能亲自来这里处理这件事情。lead to 导致；see to处理，料理；turn to转向，求助于；refer to查阅，谈论，提及。 专题三　动词短语返回目录 5． [2012·湖北卷] The government has taken measures to ________ the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable. A． take down B． bring down C． hand down D． tear down [解析] B　句意：政府已经采取措施来降低日常生活用品的价格以保持市场的稳定。take down 拆卸，记录；bring down 削减，降低；hand down传递，流传；tear down拆除。专题三　动词短语 [2012·湖北卷] …，After some time,I 37 at the other end of town. I was　38 that this simple vehicle could let me _39__ long distance in a fairly short time… 37. A. gave up B.broke down C.calmed down D.ended up 38. A. amazed B. amused C. confused D. concerned 39. A. march B. drive C. cover D. measure 【解析】 37 D.　38.A　39. C。专题二│ 完形填空一、常考的十类动词及词组 1． 连系动词 特点：后面常接形容词或名词，此时动词没有进行时和被动语态。连系动词按其所表示的意义可分为以下四种： (1) 变化类，表事物发展变化的过程，如become, go, turn, grow, get, fall, come等。 (2) 感官类，表人体部位的感受，如feel, smell, taste, look，sound等。专题六 │ 正面解读(3) 状态类，表事物所处的状态，如keep, remain, stand, lie, stay, prove,last, turn out等。 (4) 外表特征类，表外表给人的印象，如appear, look, seem等。 2． 感官动词和使役动词 常考的感官动词有see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, find, catch等。感官动词的主要考点是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作补足语，表达不同的含义。 常考的使役动词有make, have, let, keep等。使役动词的主要考点是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作补足语，表达不同的含义。如：专题六 │ 正面解读 .[2014] He looked around and caught a man __________ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A．put B．to be putting C．to put D．putting 【解析】 D　 catch sb doing sth“发现、发觉某人做某事”，doing sth为现在分词短语作宾语补足语。 可接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词还有： feel, hear, have, get, see, watch, notice, observe, find, keep, leave等。 专题六 │ 正面解读3． 不用被动语态的动词及动词短语 英语中有些动词及短语可用其主动形式表达被动含义。 (1) 某些实义动词的主动形式后跟副词表示主语的某种属性特征，不用被动。 这类动词有：sell, wash, write, last, read, wear等。如： This new product sells well. 这种新厂品很畅销。 This kind of cloth washes well and lasts long. 这种布耐洗而且耐用。 The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly. 父亲送给我作为生日礼物的钢笔书写很流畅。 Written in simple English, this article reads easily. 因为这篇文章是用简单的英语写的，所以读起来很容易。专题六 │ 正面解读(2) 某些及物动词转为不及物动词后，其主动形式表示被动意义。 这类动词有：open(打开，营业)，close(关门)， shut(关闭)，cut(切割)，weigh(重)，act(上演)等。如： This shop opens much earlier than it used to. 这家商店比过去开门更早了。 Each stone weighs two tons. 每块石头重达两吨。专题六 │ 正面解读(3) 某些不及物动词及词组，本身表被动含义，所以它们常用主动形式。 这类动词及词组有： happen(发生), occur (发生), take place (发生) cost(花费）， turn up(被找到)， turn out(证明是)， come out(出版)， come into being(产生)， come to one‘s mind(想起)， come into use(开始使用), come about(发生)， come up(被提出), belong to(属于)，break out(爆发)， be worth(值得做), be to blame(受责备)等。如：专题六 │ 正面解读 The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century. 第一批用作英语教学的外语教材出版于18世纪。 Suddenly an idea came to his mind. 他突然想到一个主意。 Who is to blame for breaking the vase? 打碎花瓶应由谁负责？ The problem finally came up at the meeting. 这个问题终于在会议上被提出来了。 （湖北高考 2012)Things aren’t always what they appear ( to be).(appear) 事情往往不是他们看上去的那样。 专题六 │ 正面解读(4) “主语＋系动词＋形容词＋不定式”句式中。 当形容词说明主语具有某种特征，主语又充当不定式的逻辑宾语时，其中不定式要用主动形式表达被动意义。常用于这一结构的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, heavy, fit, expensive等。如： The physics problem is easy to work out. 这道物理题很容易算出来。 A guide is expensive to employ. 雇用向导花钱很多。 This kind of fish is not fit to eat. 这种鱼不适合吃。专题六 │ 正面解读4． 接动名词作宾语的动词或词组 常见的有：avoid, can\'t help, can\'t stand, consider, enjoy, escape, finish, give up, imagine, fancy, keep, mind, miss, practise/practice, put off, resist, risk, suggest, admit, appreciate, deny, forbid等。如： The bird was lucky to escape being caught. 这只鸟幸运地逃离了被捕抓的命运。 He is always practising/practicing playing the piano after school.他经常放学后练习弹钢琴。 （NMET）. Had we not used an out-of-date train schedule, we ______ the train. (miss) 要不是用了一张过期的列车时刻表，我们就不会误了火车。 would not have missed 专题六 │ 正面解读5． 接不定式作宾语的动词 常见的有：afford, agree, aim, arrange, ask, choose, decide, demand, determine, expect, hope, learn, long, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse，want等。如： He can\'t afford to buy such an expensive car. 他买不起这么贵的车。 Tom managed to cut down dozens of trees. 汤姆成功地砍倒数十棵数。 When the teacher came in, he ______________the book.(pretend) 当老师进来时，他假装在看书。 pretended to be reading专题六 │ 正面解读6． 表示 “需要”意义的动词 这类词既可直接接动名词，也可接不定式的被动语态，但两者均可表示被动含义。它们是：need, want, require等。如：Your sick mother needs looking after.＝Your sick mother needs to be looked after.你病弱的母亲需要照顾。 7． 接虚拟语气的动词 有些动词表示“应该(或命令、建议、要求等)”时，其后的宾语从句用should加动词原形，其中should常可省略。 它们是：order, suggest, insist, advise, demand, request, require, propose等。如： Peter suggested that Tom go there at once. 彼得建议汤姆立刻去那。专题六 │ 正面解读 Our teacher requires this be done in no time. 我们老师要求这个立刻完成。 8． 表示“计划未能实现”的动词 此类动词常用过去完成式加不定式，或用过去式接不定式的完成式表虚拟语气，表达原来的计划未能实现。它们是：intend, mean, plan, hope, expect, think, want, suppose等。如： I had meant to tell you about it yesterday, but the snowstorm prevented me. They hoped to have stayed there a week, but they couldn\'t because of another important meeting.专题六 │ 正面解读9．现在表将来类 这类动词(词组)常用一般现在时或现在进行时表将来。它们是：come, go, leave, start, arrive, move, begin, fall, see, stay, take off等。如： Your plane takes off at a quarter past two in the afternoon. 你的飞机是下午二点一刻起飞。 I am coming to that. The National Day is drawing near. 10．带介词to的动词短语 带介词to的动词短语有：be (get) used to, lead to, devote…to, look forward to, stick to, object to, get down to, adapt to等。当它们后面出现动词时，要用v.- ing形式。 专题六 │ 正面解读二、以动词为词源形成的常用动词短语 1. 以break为中心 break away from 脱离，逃离 break down 出故障，崩溃，粉碎，瓦解 break in 闯进，打断 break into 闯入；强行进入 break out 爆发，发生 break off 打断，断绝，折断； 突然终止 break through 突破；克服 break up 破碎；解散，分解；结束 The plan ____ just because people were unwilling to cooperate. A. turned down B. pulled down C. broke down D. put down 专题六 │ 正面解读2. 以bring为中心 bring about 导致，引起，促使 bring back 带回，使回忆，使恢复 bring down 使下降，打垮，击落 bring forward 提出；提前 bring in 把……带进来；引进；挣得(收入) bring on 导致，引起，使发展 bring out 使显现；出版 bring up 抚养，养育，培养 *Now I’d like to _____ the question of funds. A. bring about B. bring down C. bring forward D. bring in 专题六 │ 正面解读3. 以call为中心 call at 访问(某地)；停泊在 call away 叫走；把(注意力)转移开 call for 需要，要求；接(某人)，迎 call in 召集，收集；下令收回 call off 取消，下令停止 call on 要求，恭请；号召；拜访(某人) call out 下令罢工；召唤出动 call up 打电话给……；召集；使想起 --- Can I do the job? --- I’m afraid not, because it ____________ skill and patience. A. calls for B. asks for C. sends for D. cares for 专题六 │ 正面解读4. 以carry为中心 carry away 冲走，带走；冲昏某人头脑 carry back 拿回，运回；使想起 carry off 成功地对付；获得(奖品) carry on 坚持，继续，进行 carry out 贯彻，执行，实施 carry through 坚持到底，进行到底；履行(承诺) The audience were ______ by her beautiful song. A. carried away B. carried on C. carried out D. carried through 专题六 │ 正面解读5. 以come为中心 come about 发生 come across 偶尔发现；偶然遇到 come back 回来；恢复，复原 come off (头发、牙齿、纽扣)脱落，离开 come on 上演；开始；赶快；发展 come out 出来；发芽；出版；结果是；说出 come over 访问；突然感到 come round/around 苏醒；拜访；再次发生 come to an end 终止，结束 come to life 苏醒 come to light 明朗化，出现，显露出来 come to oneself 恢复常态专题六 │ 正面解读 when it comes to… 就……而论，谈到 come true 实现，成为现实 come up 走近；发生；发芽；(问题)被提出 ******************************************************* *When it ______ tennis, you can’t beat her. A. comes about B. comes across C. comes out D. comes to *I simply couldn’t understand how it ______ that you did so much work within such a short time. A. came across B. came about C. came up D. came back *The truth will sooner or later ______. A. come about B. turn out C. come out D. give out 专题六 │ 正面解读6. 以cut为中心 cut away 切去，砍掉 cut down 砍倒，削减，缩短 cut off 切断，中断；阻碍，阻挡 cut out 切下，剪下，裁下；删去 cut through 开辟(出路等) cut up 切碎，切掉；使悲伤 ******************************************************* *Eager to get thin, Ruth has decided to _____ meat entirely for three years at least. A. cut off B. cut up C. cut out D. cut down *Jimmy was really __ when all his friends refused to help him. A. cut away B. cut off C. cut out D. cut up专题六 │ 正面解读7. 以fall为中心 fall back 撤退，后退 fall behind 落后，落伍，落在后面 fall down 不够好 fall in love with… 爱上…… fall into 陷入；养成 fall off 衰退，减少 fall over 被……绊倒 ***************************************************** *Don‘t walk too near the edge of the cliff (悬崖), you might ______ . A．blow over B．fall over C．carry off D．cut off 专题六 │ 正面解读8. 以get为中心 get about 徘徊，走动；流传 get across 使被理解 get along 前进，进步；离去，相处 get around 走动；传播 get away 离开，逃脱 get back 取回，回来；报复 get down to 认真对待，静下心来 get out of 由……出来，从……得出；避免；放弃 get over 越过；恢复，痊愈；克服；完成 get rid of 除去，去掉；免除，摆脱 get through 拨通；到达；完成；通过；及格 get up 起床，起立；忙于，从事 专题六 │ 正面解读 9.以give为中心 give away 赠送；失去；泄露/透露(秘密等)； 背弃；颁发，分发 give back 归还；还给；归还；使恢复 give in 屈服，让步，投降 give sth in (to sb) 呈上；交上 give in to sb/sth 向某人/某物让步；屈服于…… give out 分发；公布；发出；用完，耗尽 give off 发出(光、烟、气味等) give way (to) 屈服于；给……让路，为……所代替 give up 放弃；停止专题六 │ 正面解读 【活学活用】 (1) Believe in yourself and never _______(屈服)． (2) The authorities have shown no signs of __________(向……屈服) the kidnappers‘ demands.（绑架者的要求） (3) The room is _________(发出) a musty smell.（霉味） (4) They are ___________(赠送) prizes at the new store. (5) What shall we use for power when all the oil in the world has ___________(用完)? (6) The doctors did everything to ____________(使我恢复) the use of legs, but in vain. We will never ________(放弃) working, whatever happens. The news of the mayor\'s coming to our school for a visit was ______the radio yesterday. [ give out the news意为“播报新闻”.]give ingiving in togiving offgiving awaygiven outgive me backgive upgiven out 10. 以go为中心 go about 开始做某事；忙于某事 go across 度过，越过 go after 追逐，追求，跟随 go against 反对，不利于 go ahead 前进，进展，继续 go along with… 陪伴，和……一道走 go away 离开，走掉 go by 经过，过去 go for 支持，赞成；适用于，去(取、拿) go off 走开；爆炸专题六 │ 正面解读 go on 继续，接下去 go out 出去；熄灭；送出；播出 go over 温习，检查 go round 拜访；参观 go through 审查，履行；通过；经历，忍受 go too far 走得太远，做/说得太过火 go up 上升，上涨；攀登 go without 没有……也行专题六 │ 正面解读11. 以hold为中心 hold back 隐瞒；阻止；克制 hold down 压制；压低 hold on 坚持；等一等，别挂断 hold on to 抓住不放；不卖 hold out 伸出；提供机会 hold up 举起，竖起；支持住；延误，使耽搁 *The story was so moving that I could hardly_____ my tears. A. hold up B. hold on C. hold on to D. hold back *The mail was _____ for two days because of the snow storm. A. held out B. held off C. held up D. held down *The teacher__ excellent models of compositions for her class. A. held up B. held back C. got through D. got up 专题六 │ 正面解读12. 以keep为中心 keep away (from) 不接近，避开，远离 keep back 阻止，扣留，隐瞒 keep in mind 记住 keep off 不接近，远离；避免吃(或喝、吸)某物 keep out 使……不入内；不卷入 keep pace with… 跟上，同……步调一致 keep to 坚持；固守，遵守 keep up 继续；(天气)持续不变；保持，维持 keep up with… 赶上，跟上，与……并肩前进专题六 │ 正面解读13. 以lay为中心 lay aside 把……放在一边；留存备用 lay down 放下；规定 lay off (暂时)解雇；停止 lay out 铺开，展开 14. 以leave为中心 leave behind 留下，忘记携带； 超过；永久离开 leave out 省去，遗漏，不把……计算在内 leave off 停止；中断 leave over 留下，剩下 leave alone 不干涉，不打扰专题六 │ 正面解读15. 以look为中心 look about 四下环顾；查看 look after 照顾，看管 look around 东张西望 look back 回顾，回头看 look back on/upon 回顾 look for 寻找；期待，期望 look down on/upon 俯视；轻视 look forward to 盼望，期待 look into 窥视；调查；浏览 look on/upon …as… 把……看作专题六 │ 正面解读 look out 向外看；注意；当心，提防 look out for 当心，寻找，搜寻 look through 透过……看去；看穿；浏览 look up 查阅；仰视 look up to 仰慕，尊敬 16. 以pick为中心 pick off 去除；选择(目标)射击 pick out 精心挑出，辨别出 pick up 接(某人)，搭载；捡起；学会；(偶然)得到 专题六 │ 正面解读17. 以pull为中心 pull apart 拉开，分开 pull away 开动 pull down 拉下，拉倒；拆毁；使(价格)下降；使扫兴 pull in （车船）抵达 pull off 短暂停车；获得成功 pull on （匆匆）穿上，戴上 pull out 驶出，离开 pull through 克服困难；恢复 pull up 停止；训斥专题六 │ 正面解读18. 以put为中心 put aside 把……放在一边；搁置；积蓄，攒钱 put away 把……放好，把……收拾；储藏 put down 放下；镇压；记下 put an end to 结束，终止，废除 put forward 提出；拨快；建议，推荐；提倡 put in 安装；添上；打断 put off 推迟，延期；消除；推脱，脱下 put on 上演；穿上；增加；开动 * NMET:In response to the audience’s great demand,the play _________ in the theater twice a week. (put) 应观众的强烈要求，这部戏将会在这个剧院每周上演两次。 will/would be put on专题六 │ 正面解读 put one\'s heart into 全神贯注，专心致志 put out 熄灭，伸出，拿出 put through 完成；(电话用语)拨通；使穿过 put up 举起，挂起；提名，推荐；安排住宿 put up with 忍受，容忍 19. 以send为中心 send away 解雇；赶走，把……送往远处 send for 派人去叫(请、拿) send off 发出，寄出；邮购，函购 send out 发出，散发 send up 发射；使上升；取笑专题六 │ 正面解读20. 以set为中心 set about (doing) 着手，开始 set an example to sb. 给某人树立榜样 set aside 留出；放在一边；暂不考虑 set back 使推迟；使花费 set down 放下，卸下；登记，记载 set free 释放(某人) set off 出发；使爆炸；引起 set out 出发；发表；着手做某事 set up 建立，设立，开办；引发，产生专题六 │ 正面解读21. 以take为中心 take after 仿效，与……相似 take away 拿走，减去；消除 take back 收回，取消 take care of 当心，注意；照顾；提防；谨慎 take charge of 负责，主管 take down 取下；记下；拆毁; 拆掉，拆除 take in 留宿；欺骗；吸收；理解 take…into account/consideration 考虑，重视 take off 开始有成就(成名)；脱掉(衣服等)； (飞机)起飞；起程 ; (价格)打折； 请假，休息 take on 呈现；雇佣；承担，担任 take one\'s place 代替专题六 │ 正面解读 take out 拿出，取出；去除 take over 接管，接任；占上风 take part in 参与，参加 take place 发生；举行 take pride in 以……为荣，对……感到骄傲 take up 拿起；从事 (某项活动)； 继续做 占用 (时间或空间)； take apart 把 (小型机器、钟表等) 拆开、拆散； (在体育运动或比赛中)轻易击败某人 * Our son doesn’t know what to ___________ at the university；he can’t make up his mind about his future. A．take in　 B．take up C．take over D．take after 解析：选B。take in接受，吸收，理解，欺骗；take up从事，参加，占据，继续； take over接管；take after像。根据句意选B。专题六 │ 正面解读专题六 │ 正面解读 【活学活用】 (1) I\'m sorry I was rude; I __________ (收回) everything I said. (2) We find it difficult to ________ (理解) what he has taught. (3) The company decided to ________ (聘用) a new secretary. (4) When the picture was ____________ (取下来), the wall looked very bare. (5) Would you like me to _________ (接手) the driving for a while? (6) Bill Gates is really a great man, whose career ___________ (大获成功) in his early thirties.take backtake intake ontake downtake overtook off专题六 │ 正面解读(7) England was really ____________ (彻底打败) by Italy in last night\'s match. I\'ll __________ (继续讲) the story where I finished yesterday. (9) We tried to find a table for seven，but they were all ____________ (占据;占用) . They decided to kick him upstairs and appoint a younger man to ______________ (取代他)． Nowadays plastics ____________________ (取代了) many conventional materials. My study of biology has ________ (占据;占用) much of my spare time, but it has given me a great deal of enjoyment.taken aparttake uptaken uptake his placehave taken the place oftaken up22. 以think为中心 think about 考虑 think of …as… 把……看作 think out 仔细考虑，想通 think over 仔细考虑 think through 想通；充分考虑 think up 想出；发明 think highly (well/a lot/a great deal/much…)of　 对……评价很高 think poorly (little/badly/ill…) of 对…评价不高;轻视/看不起 sing high praise for 对……评价很高 speak highly of 对……评价很高 have a high opinion of 对……评价很高专题六 │ 正面解读专题六 │ 正面解读 【活学活用】 (1) We ____________________ (对……评价很高) their research in this field. (2) I ____________________________ (对……评价不高) her idea. We ________________________________ (高度评价) his contributions to his country. *I can’t _____ his name at the moment. A. think over B. think about C. think D. think of think/speak highly ofdon\'t think much of/think little ofsing high praise for/speak highly of23. 以throw为中心 throw at　 把……投向 throw away 丢弃，浪费；错失(机会) throw oneself into 投身于，积极从事 throw out 逐出；否决；散发 throw up 呕吐；使显眼；匆匆建造 *Every day, people _____ a lot of rubbish. A. give away B. throw away C. clean away D. wash away *What a pity! He ____________ the only chance of success. A. gave in B. put down C. threw away D. broke off 专题六 │ 正面解读24. 以turn为中心 turn away 把……打发走，转脸不理睬 turn down 调小；驳回，拒绝考虑 turn off 关上；拐弯；使厌烦 turn on 打开；依靠，取决于；突然攻击 turn out 出席；证明是；向外；出现 turn round/around 旋转，转过身来 turn in 上交(=hand in) turn to 转向，求助于 turn upside down 颠倒过来，翻过来 turn up 开大， 出现， 找到 *The mobile phone you lost yesterday has　______. A. turned in B. turned out C. turned to D. turned up　　专题六 │ 正面解读1． 【误】 He is listening the teacher carefully. 【正】 He is listening carefully. 【正】 He is listening to the teacher carefully. 【解析】 学习实义动词，一定要分清楚这个动词属于及物动词还是不及物动词，然后再根据不同的使用规则使用不同的动词。 专题六 │ 反面解读2． 【误】 The mixture is tasted terrible. 【正】 The mixture tastes terrible. 【解析】 连系动词后接形容词或相当于形容词的结构作表语。除了少数几个(如get, become, grow等)外，系动词不用于进行时态和被动结构。专题六 │ 反面解读3． After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane ________ her job as a doctor in the countryside. A．set out　B．took over　C．took up　D．set up 【正】 C 【解析】 对高频短语take up的意思掌握不全面，不知道该短语除了表示“占用”之意外，还可以表示“开始从事……”。句意：简在医学院学了五年后，在乡村从事医生工作。 set out“出发， 开始”； take over“接收， 接管”； take up“拿起， 开始从事”； set up“设立， 竖立”。 根据题意选C。专题六 │ 反面解读1． [全国卷Ⅰ] The workers __________ the glasses and marked on each box “This Side Up”. A．carried B．delivered C．pressed D．packed 【解析】 D　考查动词词义辨析。 句意为：工人们把眼镜打包，然后在每个箱子上贴上“此端朝上”。pack打包。专题六 │ 实战演练2． [辽宁卷] The new movie____________ to be one of the biggest money-makers of all time. A．promises B．agrees C．pretends D．declines 【解析】 A　考查动词词义辨析。 promise表示“允诺，答应”， “有……的希望”的意思； agree意为“同意，赞同”；pretend意为“假装”；decline意为“减少，衰退”。只有promise符合题意。句意为：这部新电影有望成为电影票房史上票房最高的影片之一。又如： The girl ______ to be a good teacher if she is well trained in an art school. A. expects B. promises C. allows D. wishes专题六 │ 实战演练3． What the young man can\'t ________ is that his mom always treats him like a baby. A．support B．undertake C．hold D．bear 【解析】 D　考查动词辨析。 A意为“支持”； B意为“承担，担任，着手做”；C意为“握住，容纳”；D意为“容忍，忍受”。句意为：这个年轻人无法忍受的是他的母亲总是把他当个小孩来对待。根据题意可知应选D。 4． We want to rent a bus which can ________ 40 people for our trip to Beijing. A．load B．hold C．fill D．support 【解析】 B　根据句意，此处需用表示“容纳，包含”的动词，只有B项符合。专题六 │ 实战演练5. The film Avatar ( 阿凡达 ) will be on tonight but it\'s at 1：30 am. I don\'t want to ________ that late. A．stay up B．show off C．put up D．get off 【解析】 A　考查动词短语辨析。 根据题干意思选A。 stay up熬夜； show off炫耀，卖弄； put up举起，建起，张贴； get off下车，出发，脱掉。 专题六 │ 实战演练6． — How are you managing to do your business without a secretary? — Well, I ________ somehow. A．get along B．care about C．watch out D．set off 【解析】 A　考查动词短语辨析。 get along(勉强)生活，工作下去； care about关注； watch out小心； set off出发。 7． I\'ve ________ my umbrella in the office and I\'ll have to fetch it. A．forgot B．left C．remained D．lost 【解析】 B　根据句意，此处需用表示“遗漏，遗落”的动词，B项符合题意。专题六 │ 实战演练8． Don\'t let yourself be ________ into doing anything you don\'t want to do. A．told B．made C．talked D．asked 【答案】 C 9． The designs of the few tools should be __________ carefully, so that we can pick out the one that best suits our job. A．tried B．examined C．experimented D．experienced 【答案】 B专题六 │ 实战演练10．He can\'t be at home now, for I saw him ___________ in the gym just now. A．giving out B．working out C．carrying out D．bringing out 【解析】 B　本题考查短语辨析。give out用完，分发；work out算出，解决，结局，锻炼；carry out实现，执行；bring out出版，生产。句意为：他现在不可能在家，刚才我还看到他在健身房锻炼。故B项正确。 专题六 │ 实战演练11．— So Helen, are we going for that Chinese meal you promised me? — Well，I forgot to ________， so we\'ll have to do French. A．consult B．order C．reserve D．confirm 【解析】 C　 由答语的“so we‘ll have to do French”可以看出， 这次吃不上上次承诺给对方的中国饭菜了， 只有 “我” 忘了预定(reserve)可以讲得通。 consult商讨，向……请教； order点餐(菜或饮料)； confirm证实；确定。专题六 │ 实战演练12．One primary goal of UNESCO is to ____________ modern knowledge societies in which all people can participate in information and knowledge. A．make up B．polish up C．build up D．take up 【解析】 C　考查动词短语辨析。 build up（逐渐）建立；增强 take up 从事；占据 polish up 改善，润色； make up 弥补，虚构，整理，和解，化妆。 句意为：建立现代化的知识社会，让所有的人都能参与信息与知识，是联合国教科文组织的一个基本目标。专题六 │ 实战演练13．It\'s extremely dangerous for the drivers to ________　　 speed as the traffic lights are changing. A．pull up B．put up C．rise up D．pick up 【解析】 D　考查动词短语辨析。 句意为： 对于司机来说在红绿灯变换时， 加速是非常危险的。 pull up 停下来； put up 建造，举起，提供……住宿； rise up 起义，上升，为不及物动词词组。 pick up “加速”，符合题意。专题六 │ 实战演练14．His guilty expression ________ my suspicion（猜疑）. A．considered B．committed C．confirmed D．convinced 【解析】 C　confirm 证实，确认。句意为：他内疚的表情证实了我的猜疑。consider认为；考虑；commit犯罪；做……承诺；convince说服，使信服。 15．We complained to the travel agency about the horrible service during our trip, but no one has ________ by now. A．responded B．advocated C．recovered D．survived 【解析】 A　respond答复，回应；advocate主张；拥护；recover恢复，找回；survive幸存，生还。专题六 │ 实战演练16．Thank you for the trouble you have ______ to help me. A. paid B. taken C. had D. asked 【解析】 B　考查动词短语。 此题考查固定短语：take the trouble to do sth，表示“不辞辛劳地去做某事”。所以答案为B项。专题六 │ 实战演练17．Time should be made good use of ______ our lessons well. A. learning 　　　　　B. learned C. to learn 　　　　　D. having learned 【解析】 C　考查动词短语make (good) use of …。 此题选C项，考查的是不定式作目的状语。此句是利用被动结构设置陷阱。本句转化为主动形式是：(We) should make good use of time to learn our lessons well．专题六 │ 实战演练18．In New Zealand， I made lots of friends _____ a very practical knowledge of the English language. A. get 　　B. to get 　　C. getting 　　D. got 【解析】 B　 该题中不可把made理解为使役动词，而误选A项。实际上made lots friends意为“交了很多朋友”，答案为B项，不定式to get在句中作目的状语。专题六 │ 实战演练