2024届高考英语二轮复习专题四 ：语法填空 第1讲 有提示词类——动词（共86张PPT）
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| 名称 | 2024届高考英语二轮复习专题四 ：语法填空 第1讲 有提示词类——动词（共86张PPT） |  | |
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(共86张PPT)
语法填空
专题四
语法填空是对考生语法知识和上下文的语境理解的考查，要求考生具备语法知识、语篇知识、单词拼写和逻辑推理的能力。新课程标准要求考生能根据所学概念性词语，从不同的角度思考和认识周围世界，能识别语篇间接反映或隐含的社会文化现象。
考情分析
卷别 年份 体裁 主题语境 话题 篇章词数 考点统计 有提示词 无提示词 谓语动词 非谓语动词 形容词和副词 名词 代词 冠词 介词 连词 代词 数词
新课标Ⅰ 2023 说明文 人与社会 小笼包 221 0 4 2 0 1 1 1 1 0 0
2022 说明文 人与自然 大熊猫国家公园 225 2 2 1 1 0 1 1 2 0 0
2021 记叙文 人与自然 游览黄山 201 1 1 3 1 1 1 0 2 0 0
新课标Ⅱ 2023 记叙文 人与社会 在柏林动物园教英语 213 1 0 3 2 0 1 1 2 0 0
2022 记叙文 人与社会 救援 228 2 2 2 1 0 1 0 2 0 0
2021 记叙文 人与自然 保护海洋 216 1 2 2 1 0 0 1 2 0 1
命题规律
根据以上命题规律可知语法填空的命题方向、命题特点和常考考点，所以在复习备考中，我们要准确掌握词类的用法、语法规则和句子结构，从有提示词和无提示词两个方面破解语法填空题。
复习定向
内容索引
第1讲
有提示词类——动词
考点二 非谓语动词的考查
随堂演练
考点一 谓语动词的考查
考点三 动词的词性转换的考查
动词是历年高考的必考点，一般考查谓语动词(时态、语态和主谓一致)、非谓语动词(动词不定式、动词-ing形式和动词的过去分词)和动词的词性转换。
考点一 谓语动词的考查
技法一 如何确定是否作谓语
技法指导：句子结构分析法 典例展示
第一步 确定谓语动词 分析句子结构来判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句。若是简单句，主语后面的就是谓语动词；若是并列句，前后两个句子都要有自己的谓语动词；若是复合句，主句和从句都要有自己的谓语动词。 第二步 确定谓语动词的形式 1.根据语境、并列谓语、时间标志词等确定用哪种时态； 2.根据主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系确定语态； 3.根据主语的单复数确定谓语动词的数，做到主谓一致。 (2023·新课标Ⅱ)As a little girl，I (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.
分析句子结构可知，此句虽短，却是一个复合句。when I grew up是时间状语从句，其余部分为主句，所填空格在句中作主句的谓语；由从句谓语动词grew up可知此处应用一般过去时；且wish与主语之间为主动关系。故填wished。
解题思路 技法点拨 针对训练
慧眼识别标志词 认清常考时态的标志性时间状语 1.看到often，usually，always，every time，sometimes等时间状语，要想到用一般现在时。 2.看到yesterday，last year，in 2022，the other day，two days ago，一段时间＋later等时间状语，要想到用一般过去时。 1.(2023·安徽蚌埠三检)Every year，universities ___________(rank) by different organizations.
2.(2023·河南安阳一模)The government
(announce) the news last Monday，breaking the long-held Summer Games tradition of a stadium procession of athletes and officials.
技法二 如何确定谓语动词的时态
are ranked
announced
解题思路 技法点拨 针对训练
慧眼识别标志词 3.看到tomorrow，next year，in a week，in the future，soon等时间状语，要想到用一般将来时。 4.看到at this moment，at present，now等时间状语或动词look，listen等，要想到用现在进行时。 5.看到since，recently，lately，already，in the last/past few years，so far/up to now，for＋时间段，ever since等时间状语，要想到用现在完成时。 3.The exam results (put) up tomorrow afternoon.Please wait patiently.
4.The twins (help) their mother do the housework at this moment.
5.(2023·河南平顶山二模)Since the establishment of the forest farm，over 20 couples (guard) the watchtower，and there has been no fire reported in the farm.
will be put
are helping
have guarded
解题思路 技法点拨 针对训练
慧眼识 别标志词 6.看到by then，by the end of等时间状语，要想到用过去完成时。 6.By about 6000 BCE，people
(discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise.
had discovered
解题思路 技法点拨 针对训练
瞻前顾后找并列 1.可根据并列连词and，but，or，rather than，neither...nor...， not only...but also...等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态。 2.同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语，谓语动词时态要一致。 7.(2023·陕西咸阳二模)The preparation for the contest benefited me a lot and
(strength) my desire to improve.
8.The elephants invaded farms， _______(visit) a car dealership and even showed up at a retirement home.
strengthened
visited
解题思路 技法点拨 针对训练
“常用句式”法 掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题快速且行之有效的方式，因此平时要积累并熟记一些常用句式。如： 1.sb was/were doing sth when sb did... 2.had(just) done sth when＋一般过去时 3.This/It/That is the first/second/ ...time that sb have/has done... 9.I (drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
10.(2022·山东潍坊测评)This marks the first time that categorical rhythm ______________(find) in a nonhuman mammal.
was driving
has been found
解题思路 技法点拨 针对训练
“常用句式”法 4.This/It/That was the first/second/...time that sb had done... 5.祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时 6.It’s(high) time that...did /should do sth 11.I say to him with a cheerful smile，“Go to exercise and you _________(feel) better.”
12.Therefore，it is high time that we ______________(take) effective measures to improve the current situation.
took/should take
will feel
解题思路 技法点拨 针对训练
“语境暗示”法 分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，而没有标志性的时间状语，且其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境即通过题干中的语境暗示解题，也是解决时态问题的一种行之有效的方法。 13.(2023·浙江1月)The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often (feature) beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子).
featured
技法三 如何确定谓语动词的语态
解题思路 技法点拨 针对训练
依据逻辑关系，辨析主动或被动 1.分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，若与主语之间是主动关系，应考虑用主动语态；若是被动关系，则考虑用被动语态。 2.被动语态的基本结构：be＋过去分词，不同时态的被动语态的结构见下面的[注意]。 1.(2023·湖北七市调研)The study，which _____________(publish) in the Journal of Medicine & Science，describes physical activity as a vigorous movement that produces sweat and heavy breathing.
2.(2023·全国甲)Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
was published
be employed
解题思路 技法点拨 针对训练
依据逻辑关系，辨析主动或被动 3.运用以上技法来判断是什么时态的被动语态，再根据主谓一致判断be动词的形式。 3.(2023·河北石家庄质检)Since the Ming Dynasty，to write couplets _________________(regard) as a mark of the cultured life of scholars.
has been regarded
解题思路 技法点拨 针对训练
牢记主动表被动含义的句式结构 1.当feel，look，smell，taste，sound等后面接形容词时； 2.当cut，read，sell，wear，write，wash等作不及物动词表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”时； 3.当take place，shut off，turn off，work out等动词短语表示“发生，关闭，制定”等意思时。 4.There are many flowers in the garden，which (smell) so sweet that they attract many butterflies.
5.The coat you bought for me is made of a kind of cloth _________
(wash) easily.
6.Great changes (take) place in my hometown in the past ten years.
smell
washing
have taken
[注意] 不同时态的被动语态的构成
现在 过去 将来 过去将来
一般 am/is/are done was/were done shall/will/be going to be done should/would be done
进行 am/is/are being done was/were being done — —
完成 have/has been done had been done shall/will have been done should/would have been done
含有情态动词 情态动词＋be＋done 技法四 如何确定谓语动词的单复数形式(主谓一致)
解题原则 技法点拨 针对训练
语法一 致原则 1.动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。 2.主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，along with，rather than，including，in addition to等，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 1.(2022·浙江1月)Travelling to conferences，lectures，workshops，and the like—frequently by plane—________________________(view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
2.(2019·天津改编)Amy，as well as her brothers， (give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
is viewed/has been viewed
was given
解题原则 技法点拨 针对训练
语法一 致原则 3.and，both...and...连接两个不同的主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一概念、兼具身份或匹配出现时，谓语动词用单数形式。 4.定语从句中关系代词作主语 时，从句中的谓语动词的数要与先行词保持一致。 3. The poet and writer (have) produced many works，some of which have been translated into foreign languages.
4.(2023·安徽合肥一检)A popular payment app in China has developed a smart system which _________(call) the Health Code.
has
is called
解题原则 技法点拨 针对训练
语法一 致原则 5.“many a/more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。each，every，no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。 5. Many a parent (have) had to go through this same painful process.
has
解题原则 技法点拨 针对训练
就近一 致原则 1.由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but(also)...，not...but...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数通常与最近的主语保持一致。 2.由there，here引起的句子中主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最近的主语保持一致。 6. Not only the students but also their teacher (be) moved deeply by the moving story.
7.(2023·安徽安庆二模)Today in Jingxian County，there (be) many Xuan paper factories and workshops，where the paper is still made by master craftsmen using traditional techniques.
was
are
解题原则 技法点拨 针对训练
意义一 致原则 1.集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family，class，team，group等。 2.“the＋形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 3.由分数、百分数或者some，a part of等修饰时，要根据所修饰的名词确定谓语动词的数。 8. The class (be) doing an experiment when the teacher came in.
9. The sick been cured and the lost been found.(have)
10.(2020·新课标Ⅰ)Often，only a small part of a museum’s collection __(be) on display.Most of it is stored away or used for research.
were
have
have
is
返 回
[注意] what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但如果表语是复数名词，则谓语动词用复数形式。如：What the school needs are qualified teachers.
技法一 如何确定是非谓语动词
考点二 非谓语动词的考查
“There was once a town in the heart of America 64.where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins,65. (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.
分析句子结构可知，此句没有并列连词，因此不是并列句，也没有从属连词，因此也不是复合句，由此可以确定此句是简单句；此句已经有了谓语动词begins，所以该空应填非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该词在句中作状语，与其逻辑主语her fable是主动关系，所以应用现在分词形式。故填borrowing。
典例展示 (2023·全国甲)
技法二 如何确定作主语和表语的非谓语动词
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
非谓语动词作主语 1.分析句子结构，找到句子的谓语部分，其前设空可能是缺少主语。如果是不具体的、抽象的动作一般用动词-ing 形式作主语；如果是具体的动作一般用不定式作主语。 2.掌握一些it充当形式主语，动词-ing形式/不定式作真正主语的句型，常见句型见下面的[注意]。 1.(2023·湖南张家界二模)When drinking tea，playing chess，reading or writing, ________(light) an incense stick can help calm the nerves and concentrate the mind.
2.(2019·全国Ⅲ)On our way to the house，it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take _______
(get) there.
3.(2021·全国甲)It is possible _______(walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
lighting
to get
to walk
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
非谓语动 词作表语 1.现在分词作表语，意为“令人感到……的”。 2.动名词作表语，表示对主语内容的进一步说明和解释。 3.过去分词作表语，意为“感到……的”。 4.不定式作表语，表将来或目的。 4.The whole conception was very _________
(puzzle) to his contemporaries，to whom a computer was a machine to do sums.
5.(2023·辽宁锦州4月质检)We felt __________
(please) although all of us were tired when we got home.
6.(2023·江西景德镇三模)One way to support this goal is _______(grow) plants native to your area.This helps wildlife like birds and insects that evolved alongside native plants.
puzzling
pleased
to grow
[注意] it充当形式主语，常见的动词-ing形式/不定式作真正主语的句型：
(1)It is/was＋形容词(＋for/of sb)＋to do sth.
(2)It is no use/good doing sth.
(3)It takes sb some time to do sth.
(4)It’s worthwhile to do/doing sth.
技法三 如何确定作宾语的非谓语动词
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
作介词 的宾语 1.介词和带介词的固定搭配后跟动名词作宾语。 2.带介词to的短语后也跟动名词作宾语。常见的带介词to的短语见下面的[注意]。 3.介词but/except后接不定式作宾语，且前面有实义动词do时，不定式要省略to。 1.(2022·湖北孝感模拟)Some say it is necessary for graduates to spend money in ____________
(produce) embellished résumés and buying suitable clothes.
2.(2023·淮北一模)Zhang Jun said the festival is committed to (strengthen) international film cultural exchanges and cooperation.
3.The windows were never opened except ______(air) the room for a few minutes.
producing
strengthening
to air
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和短语 avoid，advise，appreciate， allow，admit，consider(考虑)，deny，delay，enjoy，escape，excuse，finish，imagine，mind，miss，permit，practice，quit，risk，suggest，give up，be worth，put off，insist on，keep on，succeed in等。 4.Practice (stay) highly aware of your breath，your presence，and your thoughts，and you will be completely yourself.
5.(2023·河北张家口一模)“If it helps to promote local tourism，I don’t mind
(be) an online celebrity，” Liu said during a previous interview.
staying
being
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
只能跟不定式作宾语的动词 agree，arrange，aim，afford，choose，demand，decide，determine，desire，expect， fail，hope，long(渴望)，learn，manage，offer，pretend，plan，promise，prepare，refuse，want，wish等。 6.(2023·河北张家口一模)
After graduating from college，Liu chose ________
(return) to work in his hometown of Yajiang county，where he became director of the tourism bureau in 2002.
to return
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
既可跟动名词作宾语，又可跟不定式作宾语但表达含义不同的动词和短语 7.(2018·天津)I didn’t mean ________(eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help _______
(try) it.
8.(2018·浙江)I still remember _______(visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
mean to do sth打算做某事
mean doing sth意味着做某事
forget to do sth忘记去做某事
forget doing sth忘记做过某事
remember to do sth记得去做某事
remember doing sth记得做过某事
regret to do sth遗憾要做某事
regret doing sth后悔做过某事
can’t help doing sth忍不住做某事
can’t help to do sth不能帮忙做某事
to eat
trying
visiting
考查方向 解题思路
既可跟动名词作宾语，又可跟不定式作宾语但表达含义不同的动词和短语
top to do sth停下来去做某事
stop doing sth停止做某事
try to do sth尽力去做某事
try doing sth试着做某事
[注意] 常见的带介词to的短语：be committed to 致力于；be/get used to习惯于；stick to坚持；object to/be opposed to反对；lead to导致；devote to献身于；be reduced to沦落为；when it comes to当提及；look forward to盼望；in addition to除了；get down to着手做；be addicted to对……上瘾；be/get accustomed to习惯于；adjust to/adapt oneself to适应，等等。
技法四 如何确定作宾语补足语的非谓语动词
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
现在分词作宾补 表示主动和正在进行用doing。常跟doing作宾补的动词有感官动词feel，hear，listen to，see，look at，watch，notice，observe；使役动词get，have；其他动词catch，find，keep，leave等。 1.(2023·甘肃武威一联)
Researchers have found them ________(float) in the air，in tap or bottled water，and in the sea or soil.
过去分词作宾补 表示被动和完成用done。常跟done作宾补的动词有感官动词feel，hear，listen to，see，look at，watch，notice，observe；使役动词get，have，make；其他动词find，keep，leave等。 2.(2023·江西南昌二模)Several nations have proposed to China that they wish to have their astronauts (send) to the Tiangong space station.
floating
sent
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
不定式 作宾补 1.常跟不定式作宾补的动词有：advise，allow，appoint，cause，challenge，order，command，permit，encourage，expect，drive，enable，forbid，force，inspire，instruct，invite，persuade，warn等。 2.常跟不带to的不定式作宾补的动词或短语有感官动词feel，hear，listen to，see，look at，watch，notice，observe；使役动词let，have，make等。但在变为被动语态时需要加上to。 3.(2023·湖南永州适应性考试)Meanwhile，it allows us _____________
(appreciate)the cultural connotation(内涵) of Qingming.
4.My wallet was seen ________(drop) by a girl when she passed by.
to appreciate
to drop
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
with复合结构中的宾语补 足语 在with复合结构中也可以用非谓语动词作宾语补足语，常见的结构如下： with＋宾语＋ 5.(2023·广东梅州一模)In China，it is reported that over 40 vocational colleges and 80 universities have set up majors in tea science or tea culture，with over 3，000 graduates
___________(specialize) in tea production and art every year.
doing(表示主动、进行)
done(表示被动、完成)
to do(表示将来)
specializing
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
with复 合结构 中的宾 语补 足语 在with复合结构中也可以用非谓语动词作宾语补足语，常见的结构如下： with＋宾语＋ 6.He sat in my room for a few minutes with his eyes ______(fix) on the poster on the wall.
7.With so many people ______
(help) us，we are confident that we can finish the task on time.
doing(表示主动、进行)
done(表示被动、完成)
to do(表示将来)
fixed
to help
技法五 如何确定作定语的非谓语动词
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
动词-ing 形式作 定语 1.动词-ing形式作定语表示主动、正在进行。 2.若表示被动且正在发生的动作用being done 结构。 3.表示心理状态的动词-ing形式的形容词，意为“令人……的”。 1.(2023·安徽蚌埠二检)For Chinese fans _________(cheer) on these underdogs，it’s a case of mixed emotions.
2.The tall building ____________(build) now is our new school.
3.(2023·陕西渭南一模)Besides the _________(excite) story，people also like the movie’s visuals very much.
cheering
being built
exciting
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
动词-ed形式作 定语 1.动词-ed形式作定语表示被动、完成。 2.动词-ed形式的形容词，意为 “(人)感到……的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的名词，如：look，expression，face，voice等。 4. (2023·全国甲)Behind the simple style，however，is a serious message ________
(intend) for everyone.
intended
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
不定式 作定语 1.由序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词(代词)后常用不定式作定语。 2.由the only，the just，the next等修饰的名词(代词)后常用不定式作定语。 5.(2022·全国甲)A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked(徒步) 40 days to Xi’an，as a first step __________
(journey) the Belt and Road route(路线) by foot.
to journey
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
不定式 作定语 3.以下名词ability，attempt，chance，desire，eagerness，potential，way，right，time，wish，decision，opportunity等和代词something，anything，nothing等后常用不定式作定语。 4.若表示被动且将要发生的动作用to be done 结构。 6.(2023·湖南常德3月模拟)After all，who could miss out the opportunity _______(visit) such a remarkable seaside city and try out some of the best wine in all of China？
7.We are having a meeting in half an hour.The decision __________(make) at the meeting will influence the future of our company.
to visit
to be made
技法六 如何确定作状语的非谓语动词
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
动词-ing形式作状语 1.句子的主语是分词动作的逻辑主语，而且与该动词为主动关系。 2.表示自然而然的意料之中的结果用动词-ing形式作状语。 3.如果分词的动作早于谓语动词发生，则该分词要用having done形式。 1.(2023·安徽淮南二模)China’s space program launched its first astronaut into orbit in 2003，________(make) it only the third country to do so on its own.
2.___________(lose) all my old friends，I felt lonely and shy at my new school.
making
Having lost
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
动词-ed形式作状语 句子的主语是分词动作的逻辑主语，而且与该动词为被动关系。 3.(2023·南京师范大学附中一模)________
(build) on top of OpenAI’s GPT-3 family of large language models，it engages in human-like dialogue egged by prompting.
Built
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
不定式 作状语 1.不定式可以用作目的状语。 2.only to do sth为不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。 3.形容词作表语时，后可接不定式作状语表原因。 4.在“主语＋系动词＋表语(形容词)＋to do”句式中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。 4.(2023·全国甲)For thousands of years，people have told fables(寓言) _______(teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.
5.He got up early and hurried to the bus station，only ________(find) the early train had gone.
6.(2019·全国Ⅰ)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s，and are expensive __________(perform) consistently over a large area.
to teach
to find
to perform
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
独立主格作状语 若句子的主语不是非谓语动词的逻辑主语，且该非谓语动词有自己的主语，就构成了独立主格结构，常见的形式有： n./pron.＋ 7.Weather ___________(permit)，we are going to have a picnic.
8.(2023·江苏镇江4月学情调查)All things ___________(consider)，libraries play a fundamental role in our society.
doing(表示主动、进行)
done(表示被动、完成)
to do(表示将来)
permitting
considered
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
独立成分作状语 有的非谓语动词作状语不需要判断与逻辑主语的关系，为独立成分作状语，常见的形式有：generally speaking一般来说 judging by/from...根据……来判断 considering...考虑到…… to tell you the truth说实话 given...考虑到…… compared with/to与……相比较 9._________(judge) from what he said，he was not satisfied with the result.
10.________(give) your health，you’d better resign from the company and go to the seaside to relax yourself.
Judging
Given
返 回
如果所给动词既不作谓语，也不作非谓语，则一般应进行词性转换，通常加后缀变为名词。常见的动词变名词的后缀有以下几种：
考点三 动词的词性转换的考查
常见后缀 例词
-ment development，achievement，argument，movement，amazement等
-ion/-ation relation，addiction，intention，determination，transportation，communication等
-ing meeting，greeting，drawing，painting，parking，writing等
-er/-or/-ar waiter，travel(l)er，farmer，worker，teacher，reporter，sailor，survivor，liar，beggar等
-ance/-ence assistance，importance，performance，acceptance，existence等
-al survival，arrival，approval，refusal，proposal 等
1.(2021·全国乙)It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics，and often provides money for conservation and benefits the (develop) of the local areas.
2.(2022·全国甲)Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road，in order to promote environmental (protect).
针对训练
development
protection
3.(2023·河南TOP二十名校调研)Li Weipeng，who flies the J-20，said the engines of the J-20 jets displayed this time had been comprehensively updated，though their (appear) remained the same.
4.(2023·全国甲)However，Carson’s theme is a more weighty __________
(warn) about environmental destruction.
5.(2023·江西五市九校协作体联考)Jason Hodin，the top ______________
(research) at the Friday Harbor Marine Lab，said the sickness might have happened because of warmer water caused by climate change.
appearance
warning
researcher
6.(2023·河南湘豫名校一模)Biodiversity matters to humanity’s _________
(survive) on the planet and is the material basis for sustainable economic and social development.
survival
返 回
Group 1 达标练
1.Evan is a wildlife photographer.Once，two tigers (run) past him，stopped a meter away from his truck and began to fight.
2.The Big Tidy Up was started in 2008 and volunteers in the UK
_____________(collect) more than 50,000 bags of litter in streets and parks up to now.
随堂演练
小题练基础
ran
have collected
3.(2023·浙江金华十校二模) (prevent) crops from drying out，a large amount of water has been drawn down from the reservoir，Iraq’s most important water storage.
4.Parents these days seem to protect their children more than ever before.And yet the truth is that children must (give) the opportunity to take risks in order to aid their (develop).
5.As much as artistic appreciation，physical fitness and recreation，calligraphy (become) a part of life among many Chinese people.Therefore，another golden age of Chinese calligraphy is coming.
To prevent
be given
development
is becoming
6.(2023·安徽蚌埠三检)Tsinghua University and Peking University tied for 16th place， (mark) the first time that two Chinese mainland universities have made it into the top 20.
7.(2023·广东深圳一调)Doupas often gets (lose) in the city’s splendid ancient architecture.Meanwhile，he is also amazed by the modern city __________(combine) high-end businesses and various industries.
8.(2023·广东湛江二模)Many hiring managers will form their first impression of you (base) on what you’re wearing.The right interview clothing (depend) on the company you are applying for and the culture of the (organize).
marking
lost
combining
based
depends
organization
9.(2023·河北保定一模)His skills were not as strong as he ______________
(imagine)，and he had little awareness of teamwork.
10.(2023·河北唐山一模)Demonstrating creativity，such as the way to do a precise bicycle kick in the water，he became an online celebrity，with some fans even (say) that he was “better than professional players”.
had imagined
saying
Group 2 真题练
1.(2023·新课标Ⅰ)Shanghai may be the (recognize) home of the soup dumplings，but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao’s birthplace.
2.(2023·全国乙) (visit) several times over the last 10 years，I (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new，and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage(遗产) while constantly growing.
recognized
Having visited
am amazed
3.(2023·全国乙)As a photographer，I have spent the last two years __________(record) everything I discovered.
4.(2023·全国乙)The remarkable development of this city，which (be) consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world， (mean) there is always something new to discover here，and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
recording
is
means
5.(2023·新课标Ⅰ)To eat one，you have to decide whether (bite) a small hole in it first，releasing the steam and risking a spill(溢出)，or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth， (let) the hot soup explode on your tongue(舌头).
6.(2023·新课标Ⅰ)No matter where I buy them，one steamer basket is rarely enough，yet two seems greedy，and so I am always left ________
(want) more next time.
to bite
letting
wanting
7.(2023·新课标Ⅱ)Since June 2017，right before the (arrive) of the two new pandas，Meng Meng and Jiao Qing，I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English.
8.(2023·浙江1月)In the Ming Dynasty, the Center was the Forbidden City，surrounded in concentric(同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City.Citizens of higher social classes (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles.
arrival
were permitted
9.(2022·浙江1月)But Cobb and others (be) now questioning that idea—pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely and (change) their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis.
10.(2022·新课标Ⅰ)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that (be) previously unprotected，bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
are
changing
were
to increase
A
(2023·山东烟台一模)
In 1998，an eco-museum was established in Suojia Miao，Yi and Hui Township，China’s Guizhou Province.Consisting of 12 villages，including Gaoxing Village，the eco-museum is different from traditional ones.
语篇提能力
语篇解读
本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了在贵州省梭戛苗族彝族回族乡建立的生态博物馆。
考查主语从句连接词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导的是主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，应该用what引导。故填what。
It isn’t enclosed by walls and 1. it showcases is more than various collections.
what
Xiong Shaozhen，a 77-year-old resident of Gaoxing Village，weaves every day with a loom(织布机) in a wooden house，her daughter-in-law busy 2. (learn) the craft from her.
考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定搭配：be busy doing sth意为“忙于做某事”。故填learning。
learning
“The costumes，language，music and even the way of production of the local community are all living 3. (significance) exhibits，” said Luo Gang，head of the museum.
考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词exhibits，所以空处应填形容词，significance的形容词形式是significant。故填significant。
significant
A decade ago，Gaoxing Village 4. (list) in a traditional Chinese villages catalog(目录).However，Luo found there were few looms left in the village.
考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作谓语，与主语Gaoxing Village之间是被动关系，应该用被动语态；再根据时间状语A decade ago 可知，应该用一般过去时；主语为单数，be动词应用was。故填was listed。
was listed
He 5.________(apply) for a budget from relevant departments and invited professional craftsmen to produce looms for the villagers.
考查动词时态。分析句子结构并根据后文中and可知，空处应和invited一起作本句的并列谓语，所以空处也用一般过去时。故填applied。
applied
He asked each villager that received the machine 6.__________(use) it and train an inheritor(继承者) of the local weaving technique.
考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定搭配：ask sb to do sth意为“要求某人做某事”。故填to use。
to use
In addition，most of the old folk houses with their 7. (roof) made of straw needed regular replacement and Luo had their original appearance 8. (restore).
roofs
restored
7.考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知，空前是形容词性物主代词，所以空处应填名词，roof意为“屋顶”，为可数名词，其前无冠词，表泛指，所以应用复数形式。故填roofs。
8.考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词had，所以restore应该用非谓语形式，逻辑主语appearance与restore之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词表被动。故填restored。
There are 25 such eco-museums in the province，which are in line 9._____ sustainable development principles.
考查介词。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：in line with意为“符合，与……一致”。故填with。
with
Not only do they guide villagers to perform independent management and activate their passion for preserving their traditional cultures，but they create more jobs and give 10. boost to local tourism.
考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：give a boost to意为“促进”。故填a。
a
B
(2023·安徽淮南一模)
Sanfu medicinal patch，is a bandage made of traditional Chinese herbal medicine.
语篇解读
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国的三伏贴。
Practitioners of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)believe that receiving Sanfutie during the 1. (hot) summer days is an effective way
2. (solve) winter ills in summer such as coughs，asthma and arthritis.
hottest
to solve
1.考查形容词的最高级。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作定语。空前有the，且此处表示“在夏天中最热的日子”，应用最高级。hot为形容词，其最高级为hottest。故填hottest。
2.考查非谓语动词。句中the way to do sth为固定短语，意为“去做某事的方式”，to do为不定式作后置定语。solve为动词，意为“解决”。故填to solve。
3. treatment is based on the TCM principle of yin and yang，
考查冠词。分析句子，设空后treatment为名词，意为“疗法”，此处特指“三伏贴”这种疗法，应用定冠词the。同时，该空置于句首，首字母要大写。故填The。
The
which 4.___________(believe) the balance of both elements in the body is vital for good health.
考查谓语动词和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，设空处应该为which引导的定语从句的谓语动词。句子表述客观事实，应用一般现在时，同时which指代前文的TCM principle，为单数，因此believe也用单三形式。故填believes。
believes
Sanfutie contains a paste of herbs that are “hot” in nature，and when 5. (apply) to specific acupuncture points，
考查非谓语动词。分析句子，设空处与空前的when构成状语从句的省略结构，apply为动词，此处意为“敷，贴”， 句中的they指代的是“三伏贴”，其与they之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，作状语。故填applied。
applied
usually 6. the back and neck，they replenish the yang elements.
考查介词。分析句子，句中on the back为固定短语，意为“在后背上”。故填on。
on
These patches have been used in TCM 7. the earliest recorded times，according to Huangdi Neijing，more than 2,000 years ago，the time-tested textbook for TCM practitioners.
考查介词。分析句子，前文使用现在完成时结构，设空处表示“自从”，与空后的名词短语构成介宾短语，应用since。故填since。
since
Sanfu patch treatment became extremely popular in the Qing Dynasty and 8.______________(indicate) a revival and an increasing reliance on the traditional Chinese herbal medicine in recent years with more
9. (patient) turning to TCM treatment.
has indicated
patients
8.考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子，句中indicate为动词，意为“表明，显示”。句中in recent years为现在完成时的时间标志。句子的主语为Sanfu patch treatment，为单数。故填has indicated。
9.考查名词的复数。分析句子，设空处使用名词作宾语，句中patient为名词，意为“病人”，可数名词，前有more，应用复数形式。故填patients。
Experts point out that “winter sickness summer governance” efficacy is not immediate，many diseases need 10. (they) continuous treatment for years or longer to bear fruit.
考查代词。分析句子，设空处应该使用形容词性物主代词作定语，they意为“它们”，其形容词性物主代词为their。故填their。
返 回
their
本课结束
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语法填空
专题四
语法填空是对考生语法知识和上下文的语境理解的考查，要求考生具备语法知识、语篇知识、单词拼写和逻辑推理的能力。新课程标准要求考生能根据所学概念性词语，从不同的角度思考和认识周围世界，能识别语篇间接反映或隐含的社会文化现象。
考情分析
卷别 年份 体裁 主题语境 话题 篇章词数 考点统计 有提示词 无提示词 谓语动词 非谓语动词 形容词和副词 名词 代词 冠词 介词 连词 代词 数词
新课标Ⅰ 2023 说明文 人与社会 小笼包 221 0 4 2 0 1 1 1 1 0 0
2022 说明文 人与自然 大熊猫国家公园 225 2 2 1 1 0 1 1 2 0 0
2021 记叙文 人与自然 游览黄山 201 1 1 3 1 1 1 0 2 0 0
新课标Ⅱ 2023 记叙文 人与社会 在柏林动物园教英语 213 1 0 3 2 0 1 1 2 0 0
2022 记叙文 人与社会 救援 228 2 2 2 1 0 1 0 2 0 0
2021 记叙文 人与自然 保护海洋 216 1 2 2 1 0 0 1 2 0 1
命题规律
根据以上命题规律可知语法填空的命题方向、命题特点和常考考点，所以在复习备考中，我们要准确掌握词类的用法、语法规则和句子结构，从有提示词和无提示词两个方面破解语法填空题。
复习定向
内容索引
第1讲
有提示词类——动词
考点二 非谓语动词的考查
随堂演练
考点一 谓语动词的考查
考点三 动词的词性转换的考查
动词是历年高考的必考点，一般考查谓语动词(时态、语态和主谓一致)、非谓语动词(动词不定式、动词-ing形式和动词的过去分词)和动词的词性转换。
考点一 谓语动词的考查
技法一 如何确定是否作谓语
技法指导：句子结构分析法 典例展示
第一步 确定谓语动词 分析句子结构来判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句。若是简单句，主语后面的就是谓语动词；若是并列句，前后两个句子都要有自己的谓语动词；若是复合句，主句和从句都要有自己的谓语动词。 第二步 确定谓语动词的形式 1.根据语境、并列谓语、时间标志词等确定用哪种时态； 2.根据主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系确定语态； 3.根据主语的单复数确定谓语动词的数，做到主谓一致。 (2023·新课标Ⅱ)As a little girl，I (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.
分析句子结构可知，此句虽短，却是一个复合句。when I grew up是时间状语从句，其余部分为主句，所填空格在句中作主句的谓语；由从句谓语动词grew up可知此处应用一般过去时；且wish与主语之间为主动关系。故填wished。
解题思路 技法点拨 针对训练
慧眼识别标志词 认清常考时态的标志性时间状语 1.看到often，usually，always，every time，sometimes等时间状语，要想到用一般现在时。 2.看到yesterday，last year，in 2022，the other day，two days ago，一段时间＋later等时间状语，要想到用一般过去时。 1.(2023·安徽蚌埠三检)Every year，universities ___________(rank) by different organizations.
2.(2023·河南安阳一模)The government
(announce) the news last Monday，breaking the long-held Summer Games tradition of a stadium procession of athletes and officials.
技法二 如何确定谓语动词的时态
are ranked
announced
解题思路 技法点拨 针对训练
慧眼识别标志词 3.看到tomorrow，next year，in a week，in the future，soon等时间状语，要想到用一般将来时。 4.看到at this moment，at present，now等时间状语或动词look，listen等，要想到用现在进行时。 5.看到since，recently，lately，already，in the last/past few years，so far/up to now，for＋时间段，ever since等时间状语，要想到用现在完成时。 3.The exam results (put) up tomorrow afternoon.Please wait patiently.
4.The twins (help) their mother do the housework at this moment.
5.(2023·河南平顶山二模)Since the establishment of the forest farm，over 20 couples (guard) the watchtower，and there has been no fire reported in the farm.
will be put
are helping
have guarded
解题思路 技法点拨 针对训练
慧眼识 别标志词 6.看到by then，by the end of等时间状语，要想到用过去完成时。 6.By about 6000 BCE，people
(discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise.
had discovered
解题思路 技法点拨 针对训练
瞻前顾后找并列 1.可根据并列连词and，but，or，rather than，neither...nor...， not only...but also...等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态。 2.同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语，谓语动词时态要一致。 7.(2023·陕西咸阳二模)The preparation for the contest benefited me a lot and
(strength) my desire to improve.
8.The elephants invaded farms， _______(visit) a car dealership and even showed up at a retirement home.
strengthened
visited
解题思路 技法点拨 针对训练
“常用句式”法 掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题快速且行之有效的方式，因此平时要积累并熟记一些常用句式。如： 1.sb was/were doing sth when sb did... 2.had(just) done sth when＋一般过去时 3.This/It/That is the first/second/ ...time that sb have/has done... 9.I (drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
10.(2022·山东潍坊测评)This marks the first time that categorical rhythm ______________(find) in a nonhuman mammal.
was driving
has been found
解题思路 技法点拨 针对训练
“常用句式”法 4.This/It/That was the first/second/...time that sb had done... 5.祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时 6.It’s(high) time that...did /should do sth 11.I say to him with a cheerful smile，“Go to exercise and you _________(feel) better.”
12.Therefore，it is high time that we ______________(take) effective measures to improve the current situation.
took/should take
will feel
解题思路 技法点拨 针对训练
“语境暗示”法 分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，而没有标志性的时间状语，且其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境即通过题干中的语境暗示解题，也是解决时态问题的一种行之有效的方法。 13.(2023·浙江1月)The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often (feature) beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子).
featured
技法三 如何确定谓语动词的语态
解题思路 技法点拨 针对训练
依据逻辑关系，辨析主动或被动 1.分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，若与主语之间是主动关系，应考虑用主动语态；若是被动关系，则考虑用被动语态。 2.被动语态的基本结构：be＋过去分词，不同时态的被动语态的结构见下面的[注意]。 1.(2023·湖北七市调研)The study，which _____________(publish) in the Journal of Medicine & Science，describes physical activity as a vigorous movement that produces sweat and heavy breathing.
2.(2023·全国甲)Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
was published
be employed
解题思路 技法点拨 针对训练
依据逻辑关系，辨析主动或被动 3.运用以上技法来判断是什么时态的被动语态，再根据主谓一致判断be动词的形式。 3.(2023·河北石家庄质检)Since the Ming Dynasty，to write couplets _________________(regard) as a mark of the cultured life of scholars.
has been regarded
解题思路 技法点拨 针对训练
牢记主动表被动含义的句式结构 1.当feel，look，smell，taste，sound等后面接形容词时； 2.当cut，read，sell，wear，write，wash等作不及物动词表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”时； 3.当take place，shut off，turn off，work out等动词短语表示“发生，关闭，制定”等意思时。 4.There are many flowers in the garden，which (smell) so sweet that they attract many butterflies.
5.The coat you bought for me is made of a kind of cloth _________
(wash) easily.
6.Great changes (take) place in my hometown in the past ten years.
smell
washing
have taken
[注意] 不同时态的被动语态的构成
现在 过去 将来 过去将来
一般 am/is/are done was/were done shall/will/be going to be done should/would be done
进行 am/is/are being done was/were being done — —
完成 have/has been done had been done shall/will have been done should/would have been done
含有情态动词 情态动词＋be＋done 技法四 如何确定谓语动词的单复数形式(主谓一致)
解题原则 技法点拨 针对训练
语法一 致原则 1.动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。 2.主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，along with，rather than，including，in addition to等，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 1.(2022·浙江1月)Travelling to conferences，lectures，workshops，and the like—frequently by plane—________________________(view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
2.(2019·天津改编)Amy，as well as her brothers， (give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
is viewed/has been viewed
was given
解题原则 技法点拨 针对训练
语法一 致原则 3.and，both...and...连接两个不同的主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一概念、兼具身份或匹配出现时，谓语动词用单数形式。 4.定语从句中关系代词作主语 时，从句中的谓语动词的数要与先行词保持一致。 3. The poet and writer (have) produced many works，some of which have been translated into foreign languages.
4.(2023·安徽合肥一检)A popular payment app in China has developed a smart system which _________(call) the Health Code.
has
is called
解题原则 技法点拨 针对训练
语法一 致原则 5.“many a/more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。each，every，no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。 5. Many a parent (have) had to go through this same painful process.
has
解题原则 技法点拨 针对训练
就近一 致原则 1.由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but(also)...，not...but...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数通常与最近的主语保持一致。 2.由there，here引起的句子中主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最近的主语保持一致。 6. Not only the students but also their teacher (be) moved deeply by the moving story.
7.(2023·安徽安庆二模)Today in Jingxian County，there (be) many Xuan paper factories and workshops，where the paper is still made by master craftsmen using traditional techniques.
was
are
解题原则 技法点拨 针对训练
意义一 致原则 1.集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family，class，team，group等。 2.“the＋形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 3.由分数、百分数或者some，a part of等修饰时，要根据所修饰的名词确定谓语动词的数。 8. The class (be) doing an experiment when the teacher came in.
9. The sick been cured and the lost been found.(have)
10.(2020·新课标Ⅰ)Often，only a small part of a museum’s collection __(be) on display.Most of it is stored away or used for research.
were
have
have
is
返 回
[注意] what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但如果表语是复数名词，则谓语动词用复数形式。如：What the school needs are qualified teachers.
技法一 如何确定是非谓语动词
考点二 非谓语动词的考查
“There was once a town in the heart of America 64.where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins,65. (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.
分析句子结构可知，此句没有并列连词，因此不是并列句，也没有从属连词，因此也不是复合句，由此可以确定此句是简单句；此句已经有了谓语动词begins，所以该空应填非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该词在句中作状语，与其逻辑主语her fable是主动关系，所以应用现在分词形式。故填borrowing。
典例展示 (2023·全国甲)
技法二 如何确定作主语和表语的非谓语动词
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
非谓语动词作主语 1.分析句子结构，找到句子的谓语部分，其前设空可能是缺少主语。如果是不具体的、抽象的动作一般用动词-ing 形式作主语；如果是具体的动作一般用不定式作主语。 2.掌握一些it充当形式主语，动词-ing形式/不定式作真正主语的句型，常见句型见下面的[注意]。 1.(2023·湖南张家界二模)When drinking tea，playing chess，reading or writing, ________(light) an incense stick can help calm the nerves and concentrate the mind.
2.(2019·全国Ⅲ)On our way to the house，it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take _______
(get) there.
3.(2021·全国甲)It is possible _______(walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
lighting
to get
to walk
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
非谓语动 词作表语 1.现在分词作表语，意为“令人感到……的”。 2.动名词作表语，表示对主语内容的进一步说明和解释。 3.过去分词作表语，意为“感到……的”。 4.不定式作表语，表将来或目的。 4.The whole conception was very _________
(puzzle) to his contemporaries，to whom a computer was a machine to do sums.
5.(2023·辽宁锦州4月质检)We felt __________
(please) although all of us were tired when we got home.
6.(2023·江西景德镇三模)One way to support this goal is _______(grow) plants native to your area.This helps wildlife like birds and insects that evolved alongside native plants.
puzzling
pleased
to grow
[注意] it充当形式主语，常见的动词-ing形式/不定式作真正主语的句型：
(1)It is/was＋形容词(＋for/of sb)＋to do sth.
(2)It is no use/good doing sth.
(3)It takes sb some time to do sth.
(4)It’s worthwhile to do/doing sth.
技法三 如何确定作宾语的非谓语动词
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
作介词 的宾语 1.介词和带介词的固定搭配后跟动名词作宾语。 2.带介词to的短语后也跟动名词作宾语。常见的带介词to的短语见下面的[注意]。 3.介词but/except后接不定式作宾语，且前面有实义动词do时，不定式要省略to。 1.(2022·湖北孝感模拟)Some say it is necessary for graduates to spend money in ____________
(produce) embellished résumés and buying suitable clothes.
2.(2023·淮北一模)Zhang Jun said the festival is committed to (strengthen) international film cultural exchanges and cooperation.
3.The windows were never opened except ______(air) the room for a few minutes.
producing
strengthening
to air
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和短语 avoid，advise，appreciate， allow，admit，consider(考虑)，deny，delay，enjoy，escape，excuse，finish，imagine，mind，miss，permit，practice，quit，risk，suggest，give up，be worth，put off，insist on，keep on，succeed in等。 4.Practice (stay) highly aware of your breath，your presence，and your thoughts，and you will be completely yourself.
5.(2023·河北张家口一模)“If it helps to promote local tourism，I don’t mind
(be) an online celebrity，” Liu said during a previous interview.
staying
being
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
只能跟不定式作宾语的动词 agree，arrange，aim，afford，choose，demand，decide，determine，desire，expect， fail，hope，long(渴望)，learn，manage，offer，pretend，plan，promise，prepare，refuse，want，wish等。 6.(2023·河北张家口一模)
After graduating from college，Liu chose ________
(return) to work in his hometown of Yajiang county，where he became director of the tourism bureau in 2002.
to return
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
既可跟动名词作宾语，又可跟不定式作宾语但表达含义不同的动词和短语 7.(2018·天津)I didn’t mean ________(eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help _______
(try) it.
8.(2018·浙江)I still remember _______(visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
mean to do sth打算做某事
mean doing sth意味着做某事
forget to do sth忘记去做某事
forget doing sth忘记做过某事
remember to do sth记得去做某事
remember doing sth记得做过某事
regret to do sth遗憾要做某事
regret doing sth后悔做过某事
can’t help doing sth忍不住做某事
can’t help to do sth不能帮忙做某事
to eat
trying
visiting
考查方向 解题思路
既可跟动名词作宾语，又可跟不定式作宾语但表达含义不同的动词和短语
top to do sth停下来去做某事
stop doing sth停止做某事
try to do sth尽力去做某事
try doing sth试着做某事
[注意] 常见的带介词to的短语：be committed to 致力于；be/get used to习惯于；stick to坚持；object to/be opposed to反对；lead to导致；devote to献身于；be reduced to沦落为；when it comes to当提及；look forward to盼望；in addition to除了；get down to着手做；be addicted to对……上瘾；be/get accustomed to习惯于；adjust to/adapt oneself to适应，等等。
技法四 如何确定作宾语补足语的非谓语动词
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
现在分词作宾补 表示主动和正在进行用doing。常跟doing作宾补的动词有感官动词feel，hear，listen to，see，look at，watch，notice，observe；使役动词get，have；其他动词catch，find，keep，leave等。 1.(2023·甘肃武威一联)
Researchers have found them ________(float) in the air，in tap or bottled water，and in the sea or soil.
过去分词作宾补 表示被动和完成用done。常跟done作宾补的动词有感官动词feel，hear，listen to，see，look at，watch，notice，observe；使役动词get，have，make；其他动词find，keep，leave等。 2.(2023·江西南昌二模)Several nations have proposed to China that they wish to have their astronauts (send) to the Tiangong space station.
floating
sent
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
不定式 作宾补 1.常跟不定式作宾补的动词有：advise，allow，appoint，cause，challenge，order，command，permit，encourage，expect，drive，enable，forbid，force，inspire，instruct，invite，persuade，warn等。 2.常跟不带to的不定式作宾补的动词或短语有感官动词feel，hear，listen to，see，look at，watch，notice，observe；使役动词let，have，make等。但在变为被动语态时需要加上to。 3.(2023·湖南永州适应性考试)Meanwhile，it allows us _____________
(appreciate)the cultural connotation(内涵) of Qingming.
4.My wallet was seen ________(drop) by a girl when she passed by.
to appreciate
to drop
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
with复合结构中的宾语补 足语 在with复合结构中也可以用非谓语动词作宾语补足语，常见的结构如下： with＋宾语＋ 5.(2023·广东梅州一模)In China，it is reported that over 40 vocational colleges and 80 universities have set up majors in tea science or tea culture，with over 3，000 graduates
___________(specialize) in tea production and art every year.
doing(表示主动、进行)
done(表示被动、完成)
to do(表示将来)
specializing
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
with复 合结构 中的宾 语补 足语 在with复合结构中也可以用非谓语动词作宾语补足语，常见的结构如下： with＋宾语＋ 6.He sat in my room for a few minutes with his eyes ______(fix) on the poster on the wall.
7.With so many people ______
(help) us，we are confident that we can finish the task on time.
doing(表示主动、进行)
done(表示被动、完成)
to do(表示将来)
fixed
to help
技法五 如何确定作定语的非谓语动词
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
动词-ing 形式作 定语 1.动词-ing形式作定语表示主动、正在进行。 2.若表示被动且正在发生的动作用being done 结构。 3.表示心理状态的动词-ing形式的形容词，意为“令人……的”。 1.(2023·安徽蚌埠二检)For Chinese fans _________(cheer) on these underdogs，it’s a case of mixed emotions.
2.The tall building ____________(build) now is our new school.
3.(2023·陕西渭南一模)Besides the _________(excite) story，people also like the movie’s visuals very much.
cheering
being built
exciting
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
动词-ed形式作 定语 1.动词-ed形式作定语表示被动、完成。 2.动词-ed形式的形容词，意为 “(人)感到……的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的名词，如：look，expression，face，voice等。 4. (2023·全国甲)Behind the simple style，however，is a serious message ________
(intend) for everyone.
intended
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
不定式 作定语 1.由序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词(代词)后常用不定式作定语。 2.由the only，the just，the next等修饰的名词(代词)后常用不定式作定语。 5.(2022·全国甲)A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked(徒步) 40 days to Xi’an，as a first step __________
(journey) the Belt and Road route(路线) by foot.
to journey
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
不定式 作定语 3.以下名词ability，attempt，chance，desire，eagerness，potential，way，right，time，wish，decision，opportunity等和代词something，anything，nothing等后常用不定式作定语。 4.若表示被动且将要发生的动作用to be done 结构。 6.(2023·湖南常德3月模拟)After all，who could miss out the opportunity _______(visit) such a remarkable seaside city and try out some of the best wine in all of China？
7.We are having a meeting in half an hour.The decision __________(make) at the meeting will influence the future of our company.
to visit
to be made
技法六 如何确定作状语的非谓语动词
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
动词-ing形式作状语 1.句子的主语是分词动作的逻辑主语，而且与该动词为主动关系。 2.表示自然而然的意料之中的结果用动词-ing形式作状语。 3.如果分词的动作早于谓语动词发生，则该分词要用having done形式。 1.(2023·安徽淮南二模)China’s space program launched its first astronaut into orbit in 2003，________(make) it only the third country to do so on its own.
2.___________(lose) all my old friends，I felt lonely and shy at my new school.
making
Having lost
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
动词-ed形式作状语 句子的主语是分词动作的逻辑主语，而且与该动词为被动关系。 3.(2023·南京师范大学附中一模)________
(build) on top of OpenAI’s GPT-3 family of large language models，it engages in human-like dialogue egged by prompting.
Built
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
不定式 作状语 1.不定式可以用作目的状语。 2.only to do sth为不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。 3.形容词作表语时，后可接不定式作状语表原因。 4.在“主语＋系动词＋表语(形容词)＋to do”句式中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。 4.(2023·全国甲)For thousands of years，people have told fables(寓言) _______(teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.
5.He got up early and hurried to the bus station，only ________(find) the early train had gone.
6.(2019·全国Ⅰ)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s，and are expensive __________(perform) consistently over a large area.
to teach
to find
to perform
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
独立主格作状语 若句子的主语不是非谓语动词的逻辑主语，且该非谓语动词有自己的主语，就构成了独立主格结构，常见的形式有： n./pron.＋ 7.Weather ___________(permit)，we are going to have a picnic.
8.(2023·江苏镇江4月学情调查)All things ___________(consider)，libraries play a fundamental role in our society.
doing(表示主动、进行)
done(表示被动、完成)
to do(表示将来)
permitting
considered
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
独立成分作状语 有的非谓语动词作状语不需要判断与逻辑主语的关系，为独立成分作状语，常见的形式有：generally speaking一般来说 judging by/from...根据……来判断 considering...考虑到…… to tell you the truth说实话 given...考虑到…… compared with/to与……相比较 9._________(judge) from what he said，he was not satisfied with the result.
10.________(give) your health，you’d better resign from the company and go to the seaside to relax yourself.
Judging
Given
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如果所给动词既不作谓语，也不作非谓语，则一般应进行词性转换，通常加后缀变为名词。常见的动词变名词的后缀有以下几种：
考点三 动词的词性转换的考查
常见后缀 例词
-ment development，achievement，argument，movement，amazement等
-ion/-ation relation，addiction，intention，determination，transportation，communication等
-ing meeting，greeting，drawing，painting，parking，writing等
-er/-or/-ar waiter，travel(l)er，farmer，worker，teacher，reporter，sailor，survivor，liar，beggar等
-ance/-ence assistance，importance，performance，acceptance，existence等
-al survival，arrival，approval，refusal，proposal 等
1.(2021·全国乙)It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics，and often provides money for conservation and benefits the (develop) of the local areas.
2.(2022·全国甲)Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road，in order to promote environmental (protect).
针对训练
development
protection
3.(2023·河南TOP二十名校调研)Li Weipeng，who flies the J-20，said the engines of the J-20 jets displayed this time had been comprehensively updated，though their (appear) remained the same.
4.(2023·全国甲)However，Carson’s theme is a more weighty __________
(warn) about environmental destruction.
5.(2023·江西五市九校协作体联考)Jason Hodin，the top ______________
(research) at the Friday Harbor Marine Lab，said the sickness might have happened because of warmer water caused by climate change.
appearance
warning
researcher
6.(2023·河南湘豫名校一模)Biodiversity matters to humanity’s _________
(survive) on the planet and is the material basis for sustainable economic and social development.
survival
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Group 1 达标练
1.Evan is a wildlife photographer.Once，two tigers (run) past him，stopped a meter away from his truck and began to fight.
2.The Big Tidy Up was started in 2008 and volunteers in the UK
_____________(collect) more than 50,000 bags of litter in streets and parks up to now.
随堂演练
小题练基础
ran
have collected
3.(2023·浙江金华十校二模) (prevent) crops from drying out，a large amount of water has been drawn down from the reservoir，Iraq’s most important water storage.
4.Parents these days seem to protect their children more than ever before.And yet the truth is that children must (give) the opportunity to take risks in order to aid their (develop).
5.As much as artistic appreciation，physical fitness and recreation，calligraphy (become) a part of life among many Chinese people.Therefore，another golden age of Chinese calligraphy is coming.
To prevent
be given
development
is becoming
6.(2023·安徽蚌埠三检)Tsinghua University and Peking University tied for 16th place， (mark) the first time that two Chinese mainland universities have made it into the top 20.
7.(2023·广东深圳一调)Doupas often gets (lose) in the city’s splendid ancient architecture.Meanwhile，he is also amazed by the modern city __________(combine) high-end businesses and various industries.
8.(2023·广东湛江二模)Many hiring managers will form their first impression of you (base) on what you’re wearing.The right interview clothing (depend) on the company you are applying for and the culture of the (organize).
marking
lost
combining
based
depends
organization
9.(2023·河北保定一模)His skills were not as strong as he ______________
(imagine)，and he had little awareness of teamwork.
10.(2023·河北唐山一模)Demonstrating creativity，such as the way to do a precise bicycle kick in the water，he became an online celebrity，with some fans even (say) that he was “better than professional players”.
had imagined
saying
Group 2 真题练
1.(2023·新课标Ⅰ)Shanghai may be the (recognize) home of the soup dumplings，but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao’s birthplace.
2.(2023·全国乙) (visit) several times over the last 10 years，I (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new，and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage(遗产) while constantly growing.
recognized
Having visited
am amazed
3.(2023·全国乙)As a photographer，I have spent the last two years __________(record) everything I discovered.
4.(2023·全国乙)The remarkable development of this city，which (be) consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world， (mean) there is always something new to discover here，and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
recording
is
means
5.(2023·新课标Ⅰ)To eat one，you have to decide whether (bite) a small hole in it first，releasing the steam and risking a spill(溢出)，or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth， (let) the hot soup explode on your tongue(舌头).
6.(2023·新课标Ⅰ)No matter where I buy them，one steamer basket is rarely enough，yet two seems greedy，and so I am always left ________
(want) more next time.
to bite
letting
wanting
7.(2023·新课标Ⅱ)Since June 2017，right before the (arrive) of the two new pandas，Meng Meng and Jiao Qing，I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English.
8.(2023·浙江1月)In the Ming Dynasty, the Center was the Forbidden City，surrounded in concentric(同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City.Citizens of higher social classes (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles.
arrival
were permitted
9.(2022·浙江1月)But Cobb and others (be) now questioning that idea—pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely and (change) their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis.
10.(2022·新课标Ⅰ)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that (be) previously unprotected，bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
are
changing
were
to increase
A
(2023·山东烟台一模)
In 1998，an eco-museum was established in Suojia Miao，Yi and Hui Township，China’s Guizhou Province.Consisting of 12 villages，including Gaoxing Village，the eco-museum is different from traditional ones.
语篇提能力
语篇解读
本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了在贵州省梭戛苗族彝族回族乡建立的生态博物馆。
考查主语从句连接词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导的是主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，应该用what引导。故填what。
It isn’t enclosed by walls and 1. it showcases is more than various collections.
what
Xiong Shaozhen，a 77-year-old resident of Gaoxing Village，weaves every day with a loom(织布机) in a wooden house，her daughter-in-law busy 2. (learn) the craft from her.
考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定搭配：be busy doing sth意为“忙于做某事”。故填learning。
learning
“The costumes，language，music and even the way of production of the local community are all living 3. (significance) exhibits，” said Luo Gang，head of the museum.
考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词exhibits，所以空处应填形容词，significance的形容词形式是significant。故填significant。
significant
A decade ago，Gaoxing Village 4. (list) in a traditional Chinese villages catalog(目录).However，Luo found there were few looms left in the village.
考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作谓语，与主语Gaoxing Village之间是被动关系，应该用被动语态；再根据时间状语A decade ago 可知，应该用一般过去时；主语为单数，be动词应用was。故填was listed。
was listed
He 5.________(apply) for a budget from relevant departments and invited professional craftsmen to produce looms for the villagers.
考查动词时态。分析句子结构并根据后文中and可知，空处应和invited一起作本句的并列谓语，所以空处也用一般过去时。故填applied。
applied
He asked each villager that received the machine 6.__________(use) it and train an inheritor(继承者) of the local weaving technique.
考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定搭配：ask sb to do sth意为“要求某人做某事”。故填to use。
to use
In addition，most of the old folk houses with their 7. (roof) made of straw needed regular replacement and Luo had their original appearance 8. (restore).
roofs
restored
7.考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知，空前是形容词性物主代词，所以空处应填名词，roof意为“屋顶”，为可数名词，其前无冠词，表泛指，所以应用复数形式。故填roofs。
8.考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词had，所以restore应该用非谓语形式，逻辑主语appearance与restore之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词表被动。故填restored。
There are 25 such eco-museums in the province，which are in line 9._____ sustainable development principles.
考查介词。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：in line with意为“符合，与……一致”。故填with。
with
Not only do they guide villagers to perform independent management and activate their passion for preserving their traditional cultures，but they create more jobs and give 10. boost to local tourism.
考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：give a boost to意为“促进”。故填a。
a
B
(2023·安徽淮南一模)
Sanfu medicinal patch，is a bandage made of traditional Chinese herbal medicine.
语篇解读
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国的三伏贴。
Practitioners of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)believe that receiving Sanfutie during the 1. (hot) summer days is an effective way
2. (solve) winter ills in summer such as coughs，asthma and arthritis.
hottest
to solve
1.考查形容词的最高级。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作定语。空前有the，且此处表示“在夏天中最热的日子”，应用最高级。hot为形容词，其最高级为hottest。故填hottest。
2.考查非谓语动词。句中the way to do sth为固定短语，意为“去做某事的方式”，to do为不定式作后置定语。solve为动词，意为“解决”。故填to solve。
3. treatment is based on the TCM principle of yin and yang，
考查冠词。分析句子，设空后treatment为名词，意为“疗法”，此处特指“三伏贴”这种疗法，应用定冠词the。同时，该空置于句首，首字母要大写。故填The。
The
which 4.___________(believe) the balance of both elements in the body is vital for good health.
考查谓语动词和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，设空处应该为which引导的定语从句的谓语动词。句子表述客观事实，应用一般现在时，同时which指代前文的TCM principle，为单数，因此believe也用单三形式。故填believes。
believes
Sanfutie contains a paste of herbs that are “hot” in nature，and when 5. (apply) to specific acupuncture points，
考查非谓语动词。分析句子，设空处与空前的when构成状语从句的省略结构，apply为动词，此处意为“敷，贴”， 句中的they指代的是“三伏贴”，其与they之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，作状语。故填applied。
applied
usually 6. the back and neck，they replenish the yang elements.
考查介词。分析句子，句中on the back为固定短语，意为“在后背上”。故填on。
on
These patches have been used in TCM 7. the earliest recorded times，according to Huangdi Neijing，more than 2,000 years ago，the time-tested textbook for TCM practitioners.
考查介词。分析句子，前文使用现在完成时结构，设空处表示“自从”，与空后的名词短语构成介宾短语，应用since。故填since。
since
Sanfu patch treatment became extremely popular in the Qing Dynasty and 8.______________(indicate) a revival and an increasing reliance on the traditional Chinese herbal medicine in recent years with more
9. (patient) turning to TCM treatment.
has indicated
patients
8.考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子，句中indicate为动词，意为“表明，显示”。句中in recent years为现在完成时的时间标志。句子的主语为Sanfu patch treatment，为单数。故填has indicated。
9.考查名词的复数。分析句子，设空处使用名词作宾语，句中patient为名词，意为“病人”，可数名词，前有more，应用复数形式。故填patients。
Experts point out that “winter sickness summer governance” efficacy is not immediate，many diseases need 10. (they) continuous treatment for years or longer to bear fruit.
考查代词。分析句子，设空处应该使用形容词性物主代词作定语，they意为“它们”，其形容词性物主代词为their。故填their。
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their
本课结束
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