2024年高考英语二轮复习专题四 ：语法填空 第2讲　有提示词类——名词、代词、形容词和副词课件（共53张PPT）

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语法填空
专题四
第2讲
有提示词类——名词、代词、形容词和副词
技法一　如何确定名词的词形变化
名词的词形变化主要包括名词变复数、名词所有格和名词的词性转换。
考查 方向 解题思路 针对训练
名词变复数 1.有数词或者these，those，several，many，all，both，various，countless，a number of 等词修饰时，名词用复数形式。 1.(2023·陕西榆林二模)The songs included many well-known (poem) from the Tang Dynasty，such as Luo Binwang’s Singing of Goose and Li Bai’s Quiet Thoughts by Night.
poems
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
名词变 复数 2.前有“one of”修饰时，名词用复数形式。 3.若谓语动词是复数形式，则作主语的名词用复数形式。 4.名词变复数的规则见下表。 2.(2021·新课标Ⅰ)The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we _________(human) are.
3.(2023·河北沧州一模)With its landscape of plateaus(高原) bound by mountains，Shanxi Province in North China is regarded as being associated with fields of wheat and iconic wheat products.Daoxiao noodles is one of the most popular (dish) there.
humans
dishes
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
名词所有格 提示词与后面的名词为所属关系，应考虑名词所有格。单数名词或不以s 结尾的复数名词，在词尾加’s；以s 结尾的单数或者复数名词，在词尾加’。 4.(2023·江苏苏北七市二模)This type of drum dance is commonly seen performed during the last and first month of the lunar year in many local festive activities，thus expressing (people) hope of a peaceful and prosperous year to come.
people’s
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
名词变形容词 提示词为名词，如果作表语或作定语修饰后面的名词或前面有表示比较级和最高级的词more/most或less/least，则一般考查名词变形容词。一般在名词词尾加后缀-able；-al；-ful；-en；-y；-less； -ly；-ous等构成形容词，如：terrible，national，useful，wooden，healthy，careless，monthly，dangerous等。 5.(2023·山东平度高三二模)In addition，Hangzhou will also increase forest coverage along the river in partnership with Huangshan to highlight a (harmony) relationship between ecological protection and economic development.
harmonious
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
名词变形容词 提示词为名词，如果作表语或作定语修饰后面的名词或前面有表示比较级和最高级的词more/most或less/least，则一般考查名词变形容词。一般在名词词尾加后缀-able；-al；-ful；-en； -y；-less；-ly；-ous等构成形容词， 如：terrible，national，useful，wooden，healthy，careless，monthly，dangerous等。 6.(2023·安徽淮北二模)Audrey Lorenzini，an ____________ (independence) publisher from Padova，Italy，was discussing copyright issues with the Chinese exhibitors.
7.(2022·全国甲)Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___________(meaning).
independent
meaningful
考查 方向 解题思路 针对训练
名词变动词 提示词为名词，如果作谓语或非谓语，则一般考查名词变动词。一般在名词词尾加后缀-en；-ize或前缀en-等构成动词，如：strengthen，apologize，encourage，endanger等。 8.To avoid knee pain，you can run on soft surfaces，do exercises to __________
(strength) your leg muscles，avoid hills and get good running shoes.
strengthen
名词变复数的规则
变化规则 典型例词
规则变化 一般在词尾加s；如果是以ch，sh，s，x等结尾的单词，则加es。注意：以th结尾的名词变复数时一般直接加s。 trees，bikes，books，buses，watches，boxes，bushes，months
辅音字母＋y结尾的单词，变y为i再加es；元音字母＋y结尾的单词，则直接加s。 babies，families，boys，plays
以o结尾的单词除了一人(hero)、两菜(tomato，potato)加es外，其余一般加s。 radios，photos
以f或fe结尾的单词，通常把f，fe变为v再加es。 wives，knives，wolves
变化规则 典型例词
特殊变化 man→men，woman→women；tooth→teeth，foot→feet；child→children；mouse→mice
单复数同形 Chinese，Japanese，species，sheep，deer，fish
[注意]　1.除了上表中的情况以外，还有一些特殊变化的名词，如：German→Germans；human→humans；stomach→stomachs；chief→chiefs；belief→beliefs等。
2.两个名词组成的合成词一般只变后一个名词为复数，如 apple trees，factory workers等；但是和man，woman组成的合成词两个词都要变复数，如women teachers，men doctors等。
技法二　如何确定代词的词形变化
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
人称代词 1.提示词为代词，当句子缺少主语时，应考虑人称代词主格(I，we，you，he，she，it，they)形式。 2.提示词为代词，当句子缺少宾语或表语时应考虑人称代词宾格(me，us，you，him，her，it，them)形式。 1.(2023·江西南昌一模)“This is the first demonstration of actually using resources on the surface of Mars and transforming (they) chemically into something useful for a human mission，” Jeffrey Hoffman，a retired astronaut，said.
them
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
物主代词 1.提示词为代词，当句子缺少定语 时，应考虑形容词性物主代词(my，our，your，his，her，its，their)形式。 2.提示词为代词，当句子缺少主语、表语或宾语，且表示拥有者时，应考虑名词性物主代词(mine，ours，yours，his，hers，its，theirs)形式。 2.(2023·安徽蚌埠二检)The upsets caused many fans to express (they) disappointment over Team China’s struggles.
3.(2023·山东潍坊二模)“Based on other studies that have come out，including _____(we)，we are starting to think timing of meals most likely doesn’t produce an instant impact on weight loss，” said doctor Bennett.
their
ours
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
反身代词 提示词为代词，当该词作动词或介词的宾语或表语，且和主语是同一人时，应考虑反身代词(myself，ourselves，yourself，yourselves，himself，herself，itself，themselves)形式。 4.(2023·四川眉山二诊) The Ramunion workers threw ____________(they) into the rescue attempt despite temperatures dropping to －8℃，according to the NGO.
themselves
技法三　如何确定形容词和副词的词形变化
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
形容词变副词、名词 1.若提示词修饰动词、形容词或全句，应考虑副词形式。 2.若提示词在动词前作主语或在介词、动词后作宾语，应考虑名词形式。 1.(2023·安徽安庆二模)The traditional process of making Xuan paper is (extreme) demanding and involves over 100 steps.
2.(2023·河南安阳一模)French President Emmanuel Macron supported the idea of arranging the ceremony on the Seine in July despite some concerns voiced over how to best ensure (safe) for such a big event that passes by many well-known parts of Paris’ iconic cityscape.
extremely
safety
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
形容词、副词变 反义词 根据句意和前后逻辑关系，确定句意表否定时，可以添加否定前缀(il-，un-，im-，dis-等)或否定后缀(-less等)变为反义词。 3.Over the past decades，the country has lost more than 30% of its forest cover due to ______
(legal) logging.
illegal
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
形容词、副词变比较级 1.空前有much，far，still，even，rather，a little，a bit，a lot，a great deal或空后有than 等标志词时应考虑用比较级。 2.句型“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”表示“越……，就越……”。 4.(2023·河北邯郸一模)In Stockholm and Malmo，two of the largest cities in Sweden，the block lasted even (long) to allow workers to change all the road signs.
5.(2023·吉林白山二模)Though they grow slowly，the seedlings no (big) than fingernails may become coral reefs whose size can surpass several soccer fields.
longer
bigger
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
形容词、副词变比较级 3.句型“比较级＋and＋比较级”表示“越来越……”。 4.“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义。 5.句中如果没有标志词，但暗含比较级的意义，也需要用比较级。 6.(2021·新课标Ⅰ)The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets，the (hot) the spring！
7.—Did you have a good sleep last night？
—Yes，never sleep (well).
8.(2023·陕西咸阳一模)The museum hoped the programs not only brightened up the life of old people but also passed on the qualities to the (young) generations.
hotter
better
younger
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
形容词、副词变最高级 1.设空后有表示范围的标志词in，of，among等时，用最高级。 2.设空前有one of the，the＋序数词等修饰词时，用最高级。 3.句中如果没有标志词，但暗含最高级的意义，也需要用最高级。 9.(2023·河南开封二模)The FRB originated some three billion light years away from Earth.FRB is one of the (hot) ever topics in astronomy.
10.(2022·全国甲)In the last five years，Cao has walked through 34 countries in six continents，and in 2016，he reached the top of Kilimanjaro，Africa’s (high) mountain.
hottest
highest
附表1　形容词变副词的规则
变化规则 典型例词
形容词变副词一般直接在其后加-ly quick→quickly，anxious→anxiously
以辅音字母＋e结尾的形容词直接加-ly，以元音字母＋e结尾的形容词去掉e再加-ly immediate→immediately，polite→politely，true→truly
以辅音字母＋le结尾的形容词要去掉e再加-y possible→possibly，probable→probably
以辅音字母＋y结尾的形容词要变y为i再加-ly happy→happily，healthy→healthily
变化规则 典型例词
以ic 结尾的形容词要在其后加-ally economic→economically，basic→basically
以ll 结尾的形容词要在其后加-y full→fully，dull→dully
[注意]　除了上表中的情况以外，形容词变副词还有一些特殊的变化形式，如：whole→wholly，public→publicly，shy→shyly等。
附表2　形容词、副词变比较级或最高级的规则
变化规则 原级 比较级 最高级
一般单音节词，末尾加-er，-est tall great taller greater tallest
greatest
以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少数以le结尾的双音节词只加-r，-st nice simple nicer simpler nicest
simplest
以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er，-est big hot bigger hotter biggest
hottest
变化规则 原级 比较级 最高级
以辅音字母＋y结尾的双音节词，变y为i，再加-er， -est easy busy easier busier easiest
busiest
少数以er，ow结尾的双音节词，末尾加-er，-est clever narrow(窄的) cleverer narrower cleverest
narrowest
其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most important easily more important more easily most important
most easily
Group 1　达标练
1.It was the first road in China with three colored dividing lines，and has ___________(successful) applied for national intellectual property certification.
2.(2023·河北邯郸一模)The change was extremely unpopular，but it was necessary.Finland and Norway are Sweden’s neighboring _____________
(country).
随堂演练
小题练基础
successfully
countries
3.(2023·山西吕梁二模)The 24 solar terms are determined by changes in the (sun) position in the zodiac(黄道带) during the year.
4.(2023·江西新八校联考)For most of the time，Ghanaian students at the institute involve (they) in the learning of the Chinese language and traditional Chinese culture.
5.(2023·四川遂宁三模)However，because of (it) altitude，it’s such a great challenge to both one’s physical ability and mind.
sun’s
themselves
its
6.(2023·安徽阜阳质检) (fortunate)，Sivley owned a four-wheel drive，which was fully equipped with hooks，chains and recovery tow straps(拖带)，and capable of pulling over 40,000 pounds.
7.China’s commitment to engage 300 million people in winter sports has already become a (real).
8.(2023·山东青岛适应性检测)“I hope that we can turn villages into more beautiful places and make villagers get (rich)，” Wang said.
Fortunately
reality
richer
9.(2023·四川绵阳二诊)Although failing to qualify for the FIFA World Cup finals soccer tournament in Qatar，China made a huge contribution to the (large) global sporting event in the world.
10.The best time to start thinking about possible careers is while you are still at school，before you make any choice about your (far) education.
largest
further
Group 2　真题练
1.(2023·全国甲) (difference) from traditional fables，Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.
2.(2023·新课标Ⅰ)Nanxiang aside，the best xiao long bao have a fine skin，allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of (they) contents.
Different
their
3.(2023·新课标Ⅰ)Xiao long bao(soup dumplings)，those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing hot， (taste) soup and sweet，fresh meat，are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.
4.(2023·新课标Ⅱ)They also need to be ready to give (interview) in English with international journalists.
5.(2023·新课标Ⅱ)So，what are they learning？ (basic)，how to describe a panda’s life.
tasty
interviews
Basically
6.(2023·浙江1月)The hutongs they formed were orderly，lined by ________(space) homes and walled gardens.
7.(2023·浙江1月)Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and __________
(simple) in design and decoration，and the hutongs were narrower.
8.(2022·全国乙)As a main promoter of the International Tea Day，the birthplace of tea and the (large) tea-producing country，China has a (responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
spacious
simpler
largest
responsibility
9.(2022·全国乙)The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled(揭幕) at the ceremony，opening (it) first exhibition：The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
10.(2022·新课标Ⅰ)The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate (population) and homes of giant pandas，and (eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
its
populations
eventually
A
(2023·甘肃酒泉一模)
Herman Travis,55，lives in Holly Courts，a low-income neighborhood in San Francisco and he has not so many 1. (possess).
语篇提能力
语篇解读
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是55岁的赫尔曼·特拉维斯帮助低收入社区中的人们，给他们发放免费食物的事迹。
possessions
考查名词。分析句子结构，设空处作宾词，应使用possess的名词形式possession，意为“财产”，常用复数。故填possessions。
考查形容词。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作表语，表示“谨慎的”用cautious。故填cautious。
Every Tuesday，Travis fills a shopping cart(购物车) with groceries from a local food bank.Then he makes home deliveries to his elderly and disabled neighbors.He began doing it in 2007 and when he first started，people were doubtful.They didn’t welcome it as he had expected.“At first people were 2. (caution).They didn’t let me in.”
cautious
考查动词的时态。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语。此处表示过去的事实，故使用一般过去时。故填got。
“However，only after they 3. (get) to really know me were they pleased to see me eventually.But I wish that I had started doing it earlier，” Travis once told me.
got
考查定语从句。分析句子，设空处引导的是定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，修饰先行词neighbours，用that或who。故填that/who。
I am one of Travis’ neighbors 4. receive deliveries from him.To some degree，I depend on him to live my life.Like everyone else，on the one hand，I sincerely appreciate his help，and on the other hand，
that/who
5.考查不定式。句中expect to do sth为固定短语，意为“期待去做某事”。故填to see。
6.考查代词。分析句子，设空处使用形容词性物主代词作定语。故填his。
I expect 5. (see) the joy Travis gets out of making 6. (he) rounds.If he didn’t come to see me，I should miss him very much now.When we meet with each other on the way，he may stop to chat with me for some time so I know much about him.
to see
his
考查非谓语动词。分析句子，句中is为谓语动词，设空处为非谓语动词，smile与主语He之间为主动关系，应用其现在分词表伴随。故填smiling。
He often says it is not so stressful a job.Having kept doing such a thing for about fifteen years already，he is admired and respected by everybody.Some people once asked him，“Do you think it is worth doing such kinds of things？” He nodded his head，saying，“I think so.” He’s so kind and warm，always 7. (smile)，
smiling
考查冠词。do a favor for sb为固定短语，意为“为某人做好事；帮助某人”。故填a。
as if he were doing 8. favor for his own family.
a
考查固定短语。句中appeal to为固定短语，意为“吸引”。故填to。
What he does always appeals 9. other people in nearby neighborhoods that have been trying to poach(挖走) Travis for years.They suggest paying him to go and deliver food for them when they run out of food.But he simply wouldn’t do it for money.
to
考查副词。分析句子，设空处使用spiritual的副词spiritually作状语，意为“精神上地”。故填spiritually。
It might be a small thing that Travis is doing so，but he does that with big love.It’s 10.____________(spiritual) rewarding for himself.
spiritually
B
(2023·河北保定一模)
Walking into the Palace Museum，visitors can see an architectural complex with many characteristics of Chinese culture.
语篇解读
这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了故宫博物院将传统修复技术与现代科学技术相结合，增强了其文化展示、交流、旅游服务和遗产保护的能力。
But 1. can’t be seen is the science and technology behind it.The Palace Museum combines traditional restoration techniques with modern science and technology，
考查主语从句。空处引导主语从句，作主语，指代事物，应用连接词what。故填what。
what
thus 2. (enhance) its capacity for cultural exhibition，communication，tourism services and heritage protection.
考查现在分词。空处为非谓语动词，表示自然而然的结果，用现在分词作结果状语。故填enhancing。
enhancing
The Palace Museum,3. (equip) with a cultural heritage protection and research team with China’s most complete variety，
考查非谓语动词。空处为非谓语动词，The Palace Museum与equip为被动关系，所以用过去分词。故填equipped。
equipped
has developed and integrated 14 types of special monitoring devices
4. independent intellectual property rights (IPR).
考查介词。根据句意可知，表示“有”，用介词with。故填with。
with
The 5.____________(history) risk data is used to study and compile(编译) safety risk assessment index system，risk judgment and early warning systems，and preventive measures.
考查形容词。表示“历史的”用形容词historical修饰名词。故填historical。
historical
With the introduction of AI，big data and cloud computing，the museum has also established a unique monitoring and response system and 6. emergency platform for immovable cultural relics.
考查冠词。platform为可数名词，此处泛指“一个应急平台”，且emergency的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。
an
Additionally，digital technologies 7. (apply) by the Palace Museum to protect cultural relics.It has introduced 1.86 million pieces of cultural relic information,850,000 pieces/sets of images,1,500 three-dimensional models and high-precision panoramic images(全景图) of all open areas，
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。表示过去对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时，主语与谓语为被动关系，应用被动语态，主语为复数。故填have been applied。
have been applied
bringing cultural resources to life and offering 8. (good) digital services for Internet users.
考查形容词比较级。根据句意可知，表示“更好的数字服务”，用形容词比较级better。故填better。
better
The Palace Museum is 9. (true) an amazing example of applying the 10. (combine) of modern and traditional technologies to the restoration and preservation of more of the cultural relics.
9.考查副词。修饰谓语动词应用副词。故填truly。
10.考查名词。apply后接名词作宾语，combination“结合”为抽象概念，不可数。故填combination。
truly
combination
本课结束