不定式
—语法知识梳理 专项集训及解析【中考英语 仁爱版】
知识梳理
不定式的构成非常简单,是to+动词原形。to有时也可以不带。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,可以担当除谓语外的任何句子成分。什么时候可以不带to
不定式省to有四种情况:
使役动词 let,have,make 等后接不定式。如:Let him go! 让他走!
would rather,had better后。如:You had better stay at home.你最好呆在家里。
Why... / why not...后。如:Why not have a good rest on Sunday 为什么星期天不好好休息一下呢
感官动词 see, watch, look at, hear, listen to, smell,feel, find 等后作宾补,省to。如:I saw him dance. 我看见他跳舞。
注意:这些情况在被动句中可千万不可省to 哟! 如:The boss made them work the whole night. 变成被动句:They were made to work the whole night.
不定式的特殊用法:
It与不定式:动词不定式可以做主语,但如果动词不定式太长,显得头重脚轻的,那么我们就可用形式主语it代替,而把真正主语(即不定式)放于句尾。
如: It is not difficult for me to study English well.(对我来说学好英语是可能的。)
不定式还可以充当句子的宾语,但有些动词,如find,think,believe 等,在语法上不能接受不定式作宾语,只有用it作形式宾语,从而把动词不定式置于句尾。这样的不定式可继续充当其宾语的作用。
如: I found it difficult to fall asleep.我发现很难入睡。
还有一点:动词不定式,还可用在how,when,where,what,which 等疑问代词或副词之后,与其共同作宾语。如:I don't know how to use a computer.我不知道怎样使用电脑。
too...to...和enough...to:too...to表达"太 ... 一致于不能..."。
enough ... to 表达 "足以..."。这两个词组的用法用两个例子就可以说清楚了。
中考英语语法知识点总结:连词
并列连词引导两个并列的句子
both ...and:表示"两者都...".注意:当both...and 连接主语时,后面动词一般要用复数。
not only... but also: "不仅...而且..."。注意:后面动词采用就近原则,与but also后的词保持一致。
either...or:"或者...或者..."。注意谓语动词采用就近原则。如:Either you or I am wrong.
neither...nor:"既不...也不..." 是 "either...or" 的否定形式。谓语动词采用就近原则,与nor后的词保持一致 如:Neither you nor he is right.。
or的用法: 意思为"否则"。如:I must work hard, or I'll fail in the exam.(我必须好好学习,否则我会考不及格了。)
专项集训
一、单项选择
1.—What are you going to do this weekend, Lucy
—Oh, my family plans ________ the mountain.
A.to climb B.climbing C.climb D.climbs
2.I don’t eat ice-cream. Because I don’t want ________ fat.
A.being B.be C.to be D.is
3.Our government tries to do everything they can ________ people live a better life.
A.help B.to help C.helped D.helps
4.—It’s 12:00. It’s time ________ lunch.
—OK. Let’s go.
A.having B.to have C.has D.have
5.Mike often gets good grades. We see him ________ every day.
A.practice English B.to practice English
C.practices English D.practiced English
6.We are supposed ________ some housework with our parents when we have free time.
A.to share B.sharing C.shared
7.—Look! Su Yiming is taking off his hat. Why
—In China, we are supposed ________ our hats while the national flag is being raised.
A.taking off B.take off C.to take off D.took off
8.I arrived at school earlier than usual ________ for the test.
A.prepare B.preparing C.prepared D.to prepare
9.—Do you finish ________ your homework, David
—No, but I want ________ dinner first, dad.
A.to do; eating B.doing; eating C.doing; to eat D.to do; to eat
10.We should work hard ________ people using plastic (塑料的) bags.
A.stopping B.stop C.stopped D.to stop
二、完成句子
11.这个问题太难,他无法解决。(完成译句)
The problem is difficult for him solve.
12.手机能让人们随时随地保持联系。
Mobile phones allow people to each other anytime, anywhere.
13.伟大的发明改变了世界,它们帮助人们过上更好的生活。
Great inventions change the world, and they help people .
14.你愿意和我一起放风筝吗,凯利 (fly)
Would you like with me, Kelly
15.about, to the, thinking, library, I, borrow, am, what, from (.)
.
16.学生们将齐聚学校礼堂,因为那儿是玩乐的好地方。
Students will at the school hall because it is a good place to .
17.want to, buy, a coat, I
.
18.Can you tell me how I could order food online (改为同义句)
Can you tell me how food online
19.The sign tells us where we can go. (改成简单句)
The sign tells us go.
20.The promise is so hard that he can’t keep it. (写出同义句)
The promise is hard for him keep.
三、单词拼写
21.Do you want to the football game next week (参加)
22.You need (比较) these two books and find the one you’re interested in.
23.Gui Haichao is the first astronaut in space from Yunnan province. (露面)
24.Amy has enough time to (准备) for the history exam.
25.It is dangerous for you (swim) in the river by yourself.
26.Let the girl (wash) the dishes by herself.
27.It’s not polite (laugh) at the disabled.
28.I expect you the radio, because I want to listen to the program now. (打开)
29.Would you like basketball with us (play)
30.Zhao Pei has to learn (play) the piano on weekends.
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参考答案:
1.A
【详解】句意:——这个周末你打算做什么,露西?——噢,我的家人计划去爬山。
考察非谓语动词。plan to do sth“计划做某事”,故选A。
2.C
【详解】句意:我不吃冰淇淋。因为我不想变胖。
考查非谓语动词。 want to be“想要成为”,固定短语,故选C。
3.B
【详解】句意:我们的政府尽一切努力帮助人民过上更好的生活。
考查非谓语。分析句子,可知句中“they can”作后置定语修饰“everything”,故空处应填不定式表“目的”,即“Our government tries to do everything they can”的目的是“help people live a better life”。故选B。
4.B
【详解】句意:——12点了。该吃午饭了。——好的。我们走吧。
考查非谓语动词。It’s time to do sth.“到做某事的时间了”,所以此处使用动词不定式作后置定语。故选B。
5.A
【详解】句意:迈克经常取得好成绩。我们看见他每天练习英语。
考查非谓语动词。see sb doing sth看见某人正在做某事,强调动作正在进行;see sb do sth看见某人做了某事,强调全过程。根据“Mike often gets good grades. We see him ... every day.”可知,这里讲的是每天看到他练习的过程,所以用see sb do sth的结构,故选A。
6.A
【详解】句意:当我们有空闲时间的时候,我们应该和父母分担一些家务。
考查非谓语动词。be supposed to do sth“应该做某事”,固定短语,所以空处用不定式,故选A。
7.C
【详解】句意:——看!苏一鸣正在摘下帽子。为什么?——在中国,我们应该在升国旗的时候脱帽。
考查非谓语动词。be supposed to do sth.“应该做某事”,固定短语,应用动词不定式,故选C。
8.D
【详解】句意:为了准备考试,我比平时更早到达学校。
考查非谓语动词。根据“I arrived at school earlier than usual … for the test.”可知,比平时更早到学校的目的是为了准备考试,用动词不定式表示目的,故选D。
9.C
【详解】句意:——你做完作业了吗,大卫?——不,但我想先吃晚饭,爸爸。
考查非谓语动词。finish doing sth“结束做某事”,want to do sth“想要做某事”,故选C。
10.D
【详解】句意:我们应该努力工作阻止人们使用塑料的袋子。
考查非谓语动词。根据“We should work hard ... people using plastic (塑料的) bags”可知,此处是表示目的,应用不定式作目的状语。故选D。
11. too to
【详解】根据题干可知,缺少表达“太……而不能……”,短语为“too…to…”。故填too;to。
12.keep in touch with
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺少“保持联系”,其英文表达是动词短语keep in touch with,动词不定式符号to后接动词原形。故填keep in touch with。
13.live a better life
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,help sb. do sth. “帮助某人做某事”,此处指的是帮助人们过上更好的生活,即help people live a better life表示 “帮助人们过上更好的生活”,省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填live a better life。
14.to fly a kite /to fly kites
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,would like to do sth. 表示“愿意做某事”,动词不定式作宾语;fly a kite/ fly kites表示“放风筝”。故填to fly a kite/to fly kites。
15.I am thinking about what to borrow from the library
【详解】根据单词和标点提示可知,句子为现在进行的陈述句。I作主语,置于句首;am thinking about作谓语;what to borrow from the library是“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语。故填I am thinking about what to borrow from the library“我正在考虑从图书馆借什么”。
16. get together have fun
【详解】“齐聚”是动词短语get together;“玩乐”是动词短语have fun。will后加动词原形,根据“it is a good place to”可知此处是动词不定式to have fun作定语修饰名词place。故填get;together;have;fun。
17.I want to buy a coat
【详解】根据所给标点可知,本句应用陈述句形式。分析所给单词,I作主语;want作谓语;to buy a coat作宾语。本句为主语第一人称的一般现在时,want to do sth.“想要做某事”,所以动词want和buy均用原形。故填I want to buy a coat“我想买件外套”。
18. to order
【详解】句意:你能告诉我如何在网上订餐吗?原句为how引导的宾语从句,可以用“疑问词how+动词不定式”替换。故填to;order。
19. where to
【详解】句意:指示牌告诉我们能去哪里。原句为宾语从句,改为简单句可将宾语从句改为“疑问词+动词不定式”结构。故填where;to。
20. too to
【详解】句意:这个承诺如此的难,以致于他无法遵守。so…that“如此……以致于”引导的结果状语从句,可以用too…to来替换,表示“太……而不能……”,故填too;to。
21.take part in
【详解】句意:你想参加下周的足球比赛吗?结合中文提示,可知是动词短语take part in“参加”,设空处前有“want to”,后应接动词原形。故填take part in。
22.to compare
【详解】句意:你需要比较一下这两本书,找出你感兴趣的那一本。compare“比较”,动词;need作实义动词,后接不定式作宾语,need to do sth.“需要做某事”。故填to compare。
23.to appear
【详解】句意:桂海潮是第一位来自云南省进入太空的宇航员。appear“露面”,此处需用不定式形式,作定语修饰名词astronaut。故填to appear。
24.prepare
【详解】句意:Amy有足够的时间准备历史考试。根据“...for the history exam”可知,指的是为历史考试做准备,prepare for...“为……作准备”,动词不定式作后置定语,后面接动词原形。故填prepare。
25.to swim
【详解】句意:你一个人在河里游泳很危险。it is+形容词+for sb. to do sth.“对于某人来说做某事是……”,因此此空填不定式,故填to swim。
26.wash
【详解】句意:让这个女孩自己洗碗。 let sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”。wash是动词,意为“洗”。故填wash。
27.to laugh
【详解】句意:嘲笑残疾人是不礼貌的。laugh“笑”,It’s+形容词+to do sth表示“做某事是……的”,it是形式主语,to do sth是真正主语,故填to laugh。
28.to turn on
【详解】句意:我希望你打开收音机,因为我现在想听这个节目。turn on“打开(电器)”。expect sb to do sth“期待某人做某事”,动词不定式作宾语补足语,故填to turn on。
29.to play
【详解】句意:你想和我们去打篮球吗?would like to do sth“想要做某事”,固定结构,故填to play。
30.to play
【详解】句意:在周末赵培不得不学习弹钢琴。learn to do sth“学习做某事”,不定式作宾语,故填to play。
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