被动语态—语法知识梳理+专项集训及解析【中考英语 牛津深圳版】

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名称 被动语态—语法知识梳理+专项集训及解析【中考英语 牛津深圳版】
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更新时间 2024-01-29 13:45:01

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被动语态
—语法知识梳理 专项集训及解析【中考英语 牛津深圳版】
知识梳理
1. 被动语态的基本结构
被动语态由“be + 动词过去分词”构成,系动词be随着人称、时态和数的变化而变化。
如: English is spoken by many people in the world.
A factory was built in this village last year.
2. 被动语态的几种不同时态
被动语态中人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的,被动语态常见时态的结构形式如下表所示:
时态 被动语态构成 例句
一般现在时 is/am/are + done The classroom is cleaned every day.
一般过去时 was/were + done The dumplings were made yesterday.
一般将来时 will/shall + be + done A new hospital will be built next year.
现在进行时 is/am/are + being + done The room is being cleaned now.
现在完成时 have/has + been + done My key hasn’t been found.
过去进行时 was/were + being + done The car was being repaired then.
过去完成时 had + been + done The two roads had been built by the end of last month.
过去将来时 would + be + done Mike said a new film would be shown.
情态动词 情态动词 + be + done The work must be finished on time.
3. 被动语态的用法
被动语态的主语是动作的承受者,主要用于以下几种情况:
1) 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁,
如: The window was broken last night.
2) 强调或突出动作的承受者而非执行者,
如: Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.
3) 说话或发表意见时,为了显得客观公正,也常用被动语态,常用句型:
It is said that ... It is reported that ...
It is hoped that ... It is believed that ...
4. 主动语态转化为被动语态的方法
1) 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语,如果宾语是人称代词,则应把宾格改为主格;
2) 把谓语动词变为被动结构(be + 过去分词),注意虽然其人称和数随主语的变化而变化,但是动词的 时态保持不变;
3) 把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后做宾语,如果主语是人称代词,则把主格变为宾格(by短语可 以省略);
主动语态:动作执行者 + 谓语动词主动形式 + 动作承受者
被动语态:动作承受者 + 谓语动词被动形式 + by 动作执行者
4) make, see, watch, hear, notice, feel, let等使役动词和感官动词在主动语态中与省略t0的动 词不定 式连用,但变为被动语态时,必须还原to,
如: I often see the old man run in the morning.
The old man is often seen to run in the morning.
5) 一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应视为一个整体,不能丢掉其中的介词或副词,
如:The little dog must be looked after well.
5. 主动语态表达被动意义的几种情况
1) 不及物动词与状语连用,用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见的动词包括:cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep等,
如: The books sell well.
2) 系动词没有被动语态,
如: The apple tastes nice.
3) 不定式在某些形容词之后,如easy, difficult, hard, impossible 之后,且与主语有动宾关系,
如: The question is difficult to answer.
4) “have/get + 宾语 + 过去分词”这个结构也表达了一种被动的意思,
如: I’ll have my hair cut soon.
5) 作实义动词的need, want, require表示“需要”时,接动名词表示被动的意思,
如: Your vegetables need watering.
专项集训
一、单项选择
1.2023 World Robot Conference ______ in Beijing last August, which became the largest in history.
A.is held B.was held C.will be held
2.I don’t think sixteen-year-olds should ________ drive.
A.are allowed to B.be allowed to C.allow to
3.I have worked in this village school since it ________.
A.has built B.was built C.is building D.will be built
4.We are glad to hear that the killers ________ by the brave policemen several days ago.
A.are caught B.were caught
C.have caught D.will be caught
5.It’s reported that the new railway station ________ at the end of this month.
A.has been completed B.is completed C.will be completed
6.—Perfect photos! Good skills!
—Thank you. They ________ by my Huawei mobile phone.
A.are took B.were taken C.will be taken
7.These new books ________ to the children in the countryside next week.
A.will be sent B.will sent C.is going to sent D.sent
8.Look at the old tree. No one knows when it ________.
A.planted B.will be planted C.was planted
9.The 2024 Olympic Games _________ in Paris, France from July 26 to August 11, 2024.
A.are held B.were held C.will be held D.have been held
10.The child ________ good care of by his teachers in this special school.
A.is taken B.are taken C.take D.takes
二、完成句子
11.孩子们不应该被允许在晚上工作。
Children should not to work at night.
12.据说今年的音乐大奖赛将于下周六晚现场直播。
It’s said that this year’s Music Awards next Saturday.
13.在网络上可以使用什么方法来提防犯罪?
What method can be used crimes
14.The president of the university gave some advice to the graduates. (改为被动语态)
Some advice to the graduates by the president of the university.
15.John read a story to his daughter yesterday.(变为被动语态)
A story to his daughter by John yesterday.
16.你把将要扔掉的玩具挑出来,好吗?
Could you pick out the toys that will be
17.The scientific community discovered a new planet in 2022. (改为被动语态)
A new planet by the scientific community in 2022.
18.People invented black tea in China during the Ming Dynasty. (改为被动语态)
Black tea in China during the Ming Dynasty.
19.Kitty hid a secret box under the pillow on her bed yesterday morning. (改为被动语态)
A secret box under the pillow on Kitty’s bed yesterday morning.
20.Nowadays teachers often train students to think critically. (改为被动语态)
Nowadays students often to think critically.
三、单词拼写
21.Rubbish should be (分开) into different groups before throwing.
22.Don’t tell me a lie or you will be (惩罚) by the teacher.
23.The astronauts’ interview will be (电视报道) on Channel 1 tonight.
24.Li Ming is usually p (表扬) for his good grades.
25.Teenagers shouldn’t be a to drive cars. It’s dangerous for them.
26.Many road accidents can be a if we can follow traffic rules.
27.It snowed heavily. I opened the door and found that the ground was c with white snow.
28.Thanks to the police, the e-bike which was (偷) two days ago has been found now.
29.Anyone who cheats those old people through the Internet must be (惩罚) seriously.
30.Please be careful about your camera, or it will be (偷) sooner or later.
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参考答案:
1.B
【详解】句意:去年8月,2023年世界机器人大会在北京召开,它成为历史上规模最大的一次。
考查被动语态。主语“2023 World Robot Conference”与谓语动词“hold”之间是被动关系,且由“last August”可知,需用一般过去时的被动语态,其结构是“were/was+动词的过去分词”,主语为单数,be动词用was,故选B。
2.B
【详解】句意:我认为十六岁的孩子不应该被允许开车。
考查被动语态。are allowed to被允许,被动语态;be allowed to被允许,被动语态;allow to允许去。主语sixteen-year-olds与允许之间存在被动关系,结构为:be done,空前是情态动词should,后接be动词原形。故选B。
3.B
【详解】句意:自从这所乡村学校建成以来,我就一直在那里工作。
考查被动语态。时间状语从句中的主语it指的是the village school,和谓语动词build之间是被动关系,因此用被动语态。而since引导的时间状语从句中通常要用一般过去时态,因此用一般过去时态的被动语态。故选B。
4.B
【详解】句意:我们很高兴听到凶手几天前被勇敢的警察抓住了。
考查动词时态用法。are caught抓住,一般现在时被动语态;were caught一般过去时被动语态;have caught现在完成时;will be caught一般将来时被动语态。根据“several days ago”可知,时态为一般过去时,主语killers是谓语动词的动作承受者,所以本句应用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。
5.C
【详解】句意:据报道,新的铁路站将在这个月末完工。
考查时态。has been completed(现在完成时被动语态);is completed(一般现在时被动语态);will be completed(一般将来时被动语态)。根据“at the end of this month本月末”可知,本题时态应使用一般将来时;句子主语“the new railway station”和“complete(完成)”之间有被动关系,应使用被动语态。故选C。
6.B
【详解】句意:——完美的照片!好技能!——谢谢你!它们是由我的华为手机拍摄的。
考查被动语态。根据“by my Huawei mobile phone”可知,此处应用被动语态be done的结构,拍照的动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时被动语态,故选B。
7.A
【详解】句意:这些新书下周将被寄给乡下的孩子们。
考查被动语态。主语these new books与谓语动词send之间是被动关系,又根据时间状语in three days可知, 时态应用一般将来时,即一般将来时的被动语态,其构成为 will be +动词过去分词。故选A。
8.C
【详解】句意:看这颗古老的树。没人知道什么时候种的。
考查被动语态。主语it与谓语动词plant之间是被动关系,需用被动语态,再根据“Look at the old tree.”可知,这棵树是之前很早就种植的。故需一般过去时的被动语态,其结构是:was/were+动词的过去分词。故选C。
9.C
【详解】句意:2024年奥运会将于2024年7月26日至8月11日在法国巴黎举办。
考查被动语态。根据“from July 26 to August 11, 2024”可知,时间状语表示将来的时间,应该用一般将来时;主语“The 2024 Olympic Games”与动词hold存在被动关系,故应用一般将来时的被动语态will be done。故选C。
10.A
【详解】句意:这个孩子在这所特殊学校受到老师们的悉心照顾。
考查被动语态。根据“by his teachers”可知,主语the child和谓语动词take之间是被动关系,要用被动语态be done;主语是单数,be用is,故选A。
11.be allowed
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,空处缺少了“被允许”,allow“允许”,children和allow之间是被动关系,应用be+过去分词,情态动词should后面加be动词原形,allow的过去分词为allowed。故填be allowed。
12.will be covered live
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,短语cover live为固定搭配,意为“现场直播”,根据next Saturday可知时态为一般将来时,“音乐大奖赛”与“现场直播”之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,应用一般将来时的被动语态,结构为“will be+过去分词”。故填will be covered live。
13.to guard against
【详解】根据汉语提示可知,空格处缺少“提防”的英文表达,guard against“提防,防范”,为固定搭配,根据“can be used”可知,此处为含情态动词的被动语态,be used to do sth“被用来做某事”,应用动词的不定式形式。故填to guard against。
14. was given
【详解】句意:大学校长给毕业生们提了一些建议。主语“Some advice”是动作“give”的承受者,时态是一般过去时,所以用一般过去时的被动语态,advice是不可数名词,be动词用was。故填was;given。
15. was read
【详解】句意:约翰昨天给他女儿读了一个故事。原句时态是一般过去时,主语是动作的承受者,所以用一般过去时的被动语态,主语是单数,be动词用was。故填was;read。
16.thrown away
【详解】对比所给中英文可知,设空处为“扔掉”,throw away意为“扔掉”,throw away和主语the toys之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,所以be后应用过去分词形式。故填thrown away。
17. was discovered
【详解】句意:科学界在2022年发现了一个新行星。考查主动语态和被动语态的转换。根据“discovered”可知句子时态为一般过去时,所以此处谓语动词的结构为“was/were+done”,主语A new planet为第三人称单数形式,所以be动词应用was,故填was;discovered。
18. was invented
【详解】句意:在明朝时期的中国人们发明了红茶。根据题干可知,此处black tea和invent构成逻辑上的动宾关系,此处应用被动语态,结合本句时态是一般过去时,此处应用一般过去式的被动语态。故填was;invented。
19. was hidden
【详解】句意:昨天早上,凯蒂在她床上的枕头下面藏了一个秘密盒子。改为被动语态,结构为be done;主语是A secret box第三人称单数,动作发生在昨天,时态为一般过去时,be动词用was;hide“藏”的过去分词是hidden。故填was;hidden。
20. are trained
【详解】句意:现在老师经常训练学生批判性思维。考查主动语态变被动语态。原句是一般现在时,应改为一般现在时的被动语态,其结构为am/is/are+done。主语“students”是可数名词复数,be动词用are;train的过去分词是trained。故填are;trained。
21.divided
【详解】句意:垃圾在扔之前应该被分成不同的组。根据汉语提示可知,divide“分开”,动词,主语rubbish与动词divide是动宾关系,谓语应用被动结构;又根据空前should be可知,此处考查情态动词的被动语态,其结构是should be done,此处应用divide的过去分词divided。故填divided。
22.punished
【详解】句意:不要对我撒谎,否则老师会惩罚你的。punish“惩罚”,空处用过去分词punished与will be构成一般将来时的被动结构。故填punished。
23.covered
【详解】句意:宇航员的采访将于今晚在第一频道播出。主语interview和谓语cover“报道”之间是被动关系,故此处用过去分词和be动词构成被动语态。故填covered。
24.(p)raised
【详解】句意:李明通常因成绩好而受到表扬。praise“表扬”,praise for“因为……而表扬”,固定短语,主语是李明,此处指的是李明被表扬,用一般现在时的被动语态。故填(p)raised。
25.(a)llowed
【详解】句意:青少年不应被允许开汽车。这对他们来说很危险。根据“Teenagers shouldn’t be...to drive cars. It’s dangerous for them.”和首字母提示可知,此处应是表示青少年不应被允许开车,sb. be allowed to do sth.“某人被允许做某事”,固定短语。故填(a)llowed。
26.(a)voided
【详解】句意:如果我们都遵守交通规则,许多交通事故是可以避免的。根据“if we can follow traffic rules.”以及首字母提示可知遵守交通规则,交通事故是可以避免的,avoid“避免”,“road accidents”与“avoid”之间为被动关系,此处为含有情态动词的被动语态,结构为:情态动词+be done,avoid的过去分词形式为avoided。故填(a)voided。
27.(c)overed
【详解】句意:雪下得很大。我打开门,发现地面被白雪覆盖。根据“with white snow”可知,地面被白雪覆盖。be covered with 意为“被……覆盖”,固定搭配。故填(c)overed。
28.stolen
【详解】句意:多亏了警察,两天前丢的电动自行车现在已经找到了。根据句意及所给汉语提示词可知,“偷”对应的英文是steal,动词steal与e-bike是被动关系,空处需用被动语态,因句中“two days ago”可知,时态是一般过去时,故需一般过去时的被动语态,其结构是was/were+过去分词,steal的过去分词stolen。故填stolen。
29.punished
【详解】句意:任何通过互联网欺骗那些老人的人都必须受到严厉的惩罚。punish“惩罚”,此处是含情态动词的被动语态,动词用过去分词形式。故填punished。
30.stolen
【详解】句意:请当心你的相机,否则迟早会被偷。根据“or it will be”可知此处应为一般将来时的被动语态,结构为will+be+done,“偷”是动词steal,其过去分词为stolen。故填stolen。
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)