定语从句—语法知识梳理+专项集训及解析【中考英语 冀教版】

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名称 定语从句—语法知识梳理+专项集训及解析【中考英语 冀教版】
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定语从句
—语法知识梳理 专项集训及解析【中考英语 冀教版】
知识梳理
定语从句的概念
概念:在句中作定语的句子,它修饰一个名词或代词,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句。这个被修饰的名词、代词叫做先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
定语从句的引导词:关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有:when, where, why等
定语从句的知识点
知识点一:关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1.who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中作主语和宾语。
e.g. Is he the man who/that wants to see you 他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2.whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换)。
e.g. They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3.which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
e.g. A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语)
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用。
e.g.There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where(in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
知识点三:判断关系代词与关系副词
1.用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。
e.g. This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。
2.准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
知识点四:限制性和非限制性定语从句
1.定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。
e.g. This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)
2.当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。
e.g. Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
查理 史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 
我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
3.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
e.g. He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。
说明:关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
知识点五:关系代词that 的用法
不用that的情况
引导非限定性定语从句时及介词后不能用that。
2.只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
(1)在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which。
(2)在不定代词,如:anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时,只用that,不用which。
(3)先行词有the only, the very修饰时,只用that。 
(4)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that。
(5)先行词既有人,又有物时。
e.g. All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。
专项集训
一、单项选择
1.Sherlock Holmes is a character ________ was created by Arthur Conan Doyle as a master of solving crimes.
A.what B.which C.who D.where
2.I like teachers ________ friendly to students.
A.who is B.who are C.that is D.whom are
3.—Do you like watching soap operas in your free time, Jane
—Not really. I like TV shows ________ are more educational.
A.how B.who C.that
4.Which of the following sentences has a defining relative clause
A.The boy that often helps people around him is kind.
B.It’s said that the kind boy often helps people around him.
C.The boy is so kind that he often helps people around him.
D.He is such a kind boy that he often helps people around him.
5.— What are you doing, Anna
— I am reading a book ________ makes me feel relaxed.
A.which B.who C./
6.Li Wenliang is a brave doctor ________ is known to millions of Chinese people.
A.who B.which C.what
7. I love singers ________ write their own music.
A.which B.who C.whom D.whose
8.The blue bike ________ my aunt bought for me is made in China.
A.who B.when C.which D.where
9.We need people ________ are good at English to be volunteers.
A.whom B.who C.which
10.Yesterday Mr. Green went to his hometown and visited the old house ________ he was born in.
A.which B.where C.what D.it
二、单词拼写
11.The logo of the 2024 Spring Festival Gala uses the character “龘”, which m “the soaring (腾飞) of the dragons”.
12.The girl (who) coat is red is my good friend Han Mei.
13.I like music I can dance to.
14.She wondered whether he had someone with (谁;什么人) he could talk freely.
15.She likes singers (很清楚地唱出歌词).
16.This is the most delicious food (我曾吃过的).
17.The boy (who) hair is brown is my best friend.
18.That’s the r why he was late for school.
19.We are talking about something is about the coming art festival.
20.The old man our headteacher is talking to is Mr. Brown.
三、完成句子
21.The watch was made in America. Her uncle gave her the watch. (改为含定语从句的复合句)
The watch her uncle her was made in America.
22.那个正在帮忙做志愿工作的女孩子是我的好朋友。
The girl the voluntary work is my best friend.
23.我更喜欢自己创作音乐的歌手。
I prefer singers their own music.
24.他是正在敲门的那个人。
He is the man is at the door.
25.我永远也不会忘记他昨天对我说的话。
I will never forget the words he to me yesterday.
26.还有一些其他事情我们可以帮忙吗
there we can do to help
27.there, a way, is, there, where, a will, is.
.
28.SFLS is a wonderful school. You can learn a lot there. (Combine the sentences. )
29.我想到了小时候奶奶给我讲的童话故事。
I of the fairy stories was told by my grandma when I was young.
30.上周参加歌唱比赛的那位歌手轻而易举拿到了第一名。
The singer in the singing competition last week won the first prize .
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参考答案:
1.C
【详解】句意:夏洛克·福尔摩斯是阿瑟·柯南·道尔塑造的破案大师人物。
考查定语从句。what什么,不引导定语从句;which先行词是物;who先行词是人;where……的地方,先行词是表示地点的名词。根据“a character”可知其表示“人物角色”,后接的定语从句应用表示人的关系代词who来引导。故选C。
2.B
【详解】句意:我喜欢对学生友好的老师。
考查定语从句。分析句子,可知此句为定语从句,先行词“teachers”,指人,且为名词复数,故be动词用are;关系词在句中作主语,不能用whom。故选B。
3.C
【详解】句意:——简,你空闲时间喜欢看肥皂剧吗?——不完全是。我喜欢更有教育意义的电视节目。
考查定语从句。根据“I like TV shows ... are more educational.”可知是定语从句,先行词“TV shows”指物,关系词在从句中作主语,关系词应用that,在从句中作主语。故选C。
4.A
【详解】句意:以下哪一句含有定语从句?
考查定语从句。The boy that often helps people around him is kind.“那个经常帮助周围人的男孩很善良。”为that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词the boy。故选A。
5.A
【详解】句意:——Anna,你正在做什么?——我正在看一本使我感到放松的书。
考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此句是定语从句,先行词book是指物,在句中作主语,用which或that引导定语从句,故选A。
6.A
【详解】句意:李文亮是一位勇敢的医生,他为千百万中国人所熟知。
考查定语从句。who谁;which哪个;what什么。先行词是doctor,指人,空处在句中作主语,用who引导定语从句。故选A。
7.B
【详解】句意:我喜欢可以自己创作音乐的歌手。
考查定语从句。此处为定语从句,修饰先行词singers,从句引导词为人,并且在句中作主语,应用who。故选B。
8.C
【详解】句意:我阿姨给我买的这辆蓝色的自行车是在中国制造的。
考查定语从句。分析句子可知,“my aunt bought for me”为定语从句,修饰先行词“bike”,为物,且关系词在从句中作宾语,应用which引导该从句。故选C。
9.B
【详解】句意:我们需要擅长英语的人当志愿者。
考查定语从句。先行词是物,引导词可以用 which;先行词是人,引导词用who或者whom,whom在引导的定语从句中作宾语, who在引导的定语从句中作主语或宾语。此处先行词是people,在从句中作主语,故选B。
10.A
【详解】句意:昨天,格林先生去了他的家乡,并参观了他出生的那个老房子。
考查定语从句引导词。which关系代词,可以引导定语从句,先行词为物,在从句中作主语或宾语;where关系副词,可以引导定语从句,在从句中只能作状语;what什么,不能引导定语从句;it它,不能引导定语从句。本题中先行词house表示物,在从句中,介词in之后缺少宾语,要用which来引导。故选A。
11.(m)eans
【详解】句意:2024年春晚的标志使用了汉字“龘”,意思是“正在腾飞的龙”。根据句意,可知“the soaring (腾飞) of the dragons”解释了“龘”的含义,结合首字母提示,可知此处是which means表示“意思是”。故填(m)eans。
12.whose
【详解】句意:穿红色外套的那个女孩是我的好朋友韩梅。根据分析句子可知,此处考查定语从句的关系代词,先行词是人,结合句意和“coat”可知,此处应该用whose,作从句的定语。故填whose。
13.that/which
【详解】句意:我喜欢我能随着跳舞的音乐。先行词是music,空格处填一个在定语从句中作宾语的关系代词。that/which在引导的定语从句中作主语或宾语,that指代人或物,which指代物。故填that/which。
14.whom
【详解】句意:她想知道他是否有一个可以自由交谈的人。本题考查定语从句,该定语从句修饰先行词someone,前面有with,且先行词在从句中作宾语,故填whom。
15. who/that sing the lyrics clearly
【详解】句意:她喜欢歌词唱得清楚的歌手。分析句子可知,此处是定语从句,先行词是singers,关系词指人且在从句中作主语,故用who/that;“唱出歌词”sing the lyrics,who/that指代的是复数,故sing用原形;“清楚地”clearly,副词修饰动词sing。故填who/that;sing;the;lyrics;clearly。
16. that I have ever had/eaten
【详解】句意:这是我吃过的最好吃的食物。分析句子可知,此句为定语从句,先行词food是物,且前有最高级修饰,引导词应用that;根据“我曾经吃过的”可知,从句应用现在完成时,主语是I,助词用have;ever“曾经”,副词,作状语,修饰动词;have/eat“吃”,动词,其过去分词为had/eaten。故填that;I;have;ever;had/eaten。
17.whose
【详解】句意:那个头发是棕色的男孩是我最好的朋友。此处是定语从句,关系词是作定语修饰hair,应用whose引导定语从句,故填whose。
18.(r)eason
【详解】句意:这就是他上学为什么迟到的原因。根据题干可知,此句是定语从句,why是关系副词,表原因,先行词用reason。故填(r)eason。
19.that
【详解】句意:我们正在谈论关于即将到来的艺术节的事情。分析句子可知,此处是定语从句,先行词是不定代词something,关系词作从句主语,应用that引导定语从句。故填that。
20.that/who/whom
【详解】句意:和我们班主任谈话的那位老人是布朗先生。此处含定语从句,先行词是人,引导词在从句中作宾语,可用that/who/whom引导定语从句。故填that/who/whom。
21. which/that gave
【详解】句意:这块表是美国制造的。她叔叔把手表给了她。根据句子可知先行词是the watch,且定语从句中谓语动词give后缺宾语,关系词用which/that;句子时态是一般过去时,故填which/that;gave。
22. who/that is helping with
【详解】根据汉语意思和所给英文可知,所填内容为“正在帮忙做”,所填内容在句中作定语从句,指人,主语为the girl,所以第一个空填that或who;“帮忙做某事”用help with sth,根据“正在帮忙做”可知,定语从句的时态为现在进行时,其结构为be+doing,主语为单数,所以是is helping with。故填:who/ that;is;helping;with。
23. that/who write
【详解】根据“I prefer singers ... their own music.”可知,此句为定语从句,先行词“singers”指人,关系词应用that/who,在从句中作主语;write“谱写(音乐作品)”,动词;从句主语“singers”为名词复数,时态为一般现在时,动词用原形。故填that/who;write。
24. who/that knocking
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,此处是定语从句。先行词是人,关系词在从句中作主语,可以用who或that;knock at“敲”,此处是现在进行时,动词用现在分词。故填who/that;knocking。
25. which/that said
【详解】句子是定语从句,先行词是words,第一个空格处填在从句中作宾语,用which/that;根据“yesterday”可知从句用一般过去时,动词用过去式said“说”。故填which/that;said。
26. Is anything else that
【详解】“一些其他事情”为something else,该句是一般疑问句,something应变为anything,复合不定代词作主语,there be句型中的be动词使用单数is,放在句首;又分析句子可知,we can do to help为定语从句,先行词为复合不定代词,用that引导,故填Is;anything;else;that。
27.There is a way where there is a will
【详解】根据标点符号以及所给单词可知,句子是一个定语从句,主句是:there is a way;用where引导定语从句,从句是there is a will。故填There is a way where there is a will“有志者事竟成”。
28.SFLS is a wonderful school where you can learn a lot there.
【详解】句意: SFLS是一所很棒的学校。你可以在那里学到很多东西。根据题干可知,第二小句中的there是指第一句中的SFLS这所学校,所以可以使用定语从句连接句子。先行词是school,引导词可以用where。故填SFLS is a wonderful school where you can learn a lot there.
29. think that/which
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,think of表示“想起”,为固定短语,结合语境可知,“想起”的动作发生在现在,应用一般现在时,主语是I,动词用原形;第二空后是定语从句,先行词是物,关系词作主语,应用that/which。故填think;that/which。
30. who/that took part without difficulty
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,考查定语从句修饰singer,先行词singer表示人,关系代词使用who/that;take part in“参加”,因本句为一般过去时,所以谓语动词使用过去式形式;without difficult“轻而易举”,介宾短语作状语。故填who/that;took;part;without;difficulty。
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